Ore Geology Reviews最新文献_第2页

HyperMinNet: A hypergraph-based framework incorporating high-order relationships for mineral prospectivity mapping HyperMinNet：一个基于超图的框架，包含用于矿产远景映射的高阶关系

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107157

Ying Yang , Li Wen , Changjie Cao , Yunhe Li , Bingli Liu , Yunhui Kong , Cheng Li , Zhongli Zhou

Mineral Prospectivity Mapping (MPM) is a fundamental task in geosciences for identifying regions with high mineral potential. High-order geological associations are intrinsic to mineralization processes, yet have not been explicitly represented or effectively mined in existing studies, even though mineralization often arises from the joint influence of multiple geological factors interacting in complex ways. To address this problem, this study introduces HyperMinNet, a hypergraph-based framework for modeling and discovering high-order relationships in MPM. In HyperMinNet, hyperedges are constructed across both spatial and attribute domains to capture multi-factor geological associations. The Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm plays a central role in grouping geologically related units, thereby highlighting complex, spatially coherent associations beyond simple pairwise relationships. To further enhance the model’s ability to recognize informative geological patterns, an attention mechanism is employed to adaptively focus on critical associations, while a center loss function mitigates the influence of limited positive mineralization samples by enhancing the distinctiveness of learned representations. Experiments conducted in the Lhasa region demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, where HyperMinNet achieved an accuracy of 0.9042 and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.9511, confirming its strong potential in advancing mineral prospectivity mapping.

矿产远景填图（MPM）是地球科学中一项识别高矿产潜力区域的基本任务。高阶地质关联是成矿过程所固有的，但在现有研究中尚未明确表示或有效挖掘，尽管成矿往往是由多种地质因素以复杂方式相互作用的共同影响产生的。为了解决这个问题，本研究引入了HyperMinNet，这是一个基于超图的框架，用于在MPM中建模和发现高阶关系。在HyperMinNet中，跨空间和属性域构建超边缘以捕获多因素地质关联。基于密度的噪声应用空间聚类（DBSCAN）算法在分组地质相关单元中起着核心作用，从而突出了复杂的、空间上连贯的关联，而不是简单的两两关系。为了进一步增强模型识别信息地质模式的能力，采用了一种注意力机制来自适应地关注关键关联，而中心损失函数通过增强学习表征的独特性来减轻有限正矿化样本的影响。在拉萨地区进行的实验证明了该框架的有效性，HyperMinNet的精度为0.9042，曲线下面积（AUC）为0.9511，证实了其在推进矿产找矿制图方面的强大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Pegmatite evolution and mineralization: insights from tourmaline geochemistry and boron isotopes 伟晶岩演化与矿化：来自电气石地球化学和硼同位素的见解

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107156

Liu Xuemin , Wu Xu , Yang Yuanliang , Yue Dabin , Liao Xingjian , Zhao Pufeng , Wang Guozhi , Liu Bingli

While the magmatic source and evolution significantly influence rare metal mineralization in pegmatites, a critical unresolved question remains: within the same mining district, some spatially close pegmatites are mineralized while others are not. This highlights the existence of other crucial factors governing pegmatite mineralization. Tourmaline, a common borosilicate mineral in pegmatite systems, serves as a key indicator for deciphering mineralization processes. We studied the tourmaline from the Murong Li deposit (Asia’s largest single-vein Li deposit) using geochemistry, boron isotopes, and mineralogy. Three types were identified: BP-Tur (tourmaline in barren pegmatite), FP-Tur (tourmaline in fertile pegmatite), and AC-Tur (tourmaline in altered country rock). BP-Tur and FP-Tur exhibit pronounced zoning textures, indicating magmatic-hydrothermal formation. BP-Tur crystallized in a low-salinity, high-ƒO₂, fluid-rich setting. In contrast, FP-Tur formed under initially low ƒO₂ and low salinity, with both parameters increasing during later crystallization. AC-Tur is fine-grained, non-zoned and formed in a low-temperature, high-pressure, high-salinity, and high-ƒO₂ environment. Its heavier δ¹¹B values stem from ¹¹B-enriched magmatic fluids. Systematic boron isotope variations across growth zones in BP-Tur and FP-Tur record magmatic evolution under open and closed conditions, respectively. This interpretation is corroborated by higher estimated pressures for FP-Tur relative to BP-Tur, consistent with fluid loss and pressure decrease in open systems. Unlike previous studies, we find no direct correlation between the contents of Li, Sn, Nb, or Ta in tourmaline and mineralization. Instead, the closure of the magmatic system is a critical control on Li mineralization.

岩浆来源和演化对伟晶岩中稀有金属的成矿作用具有重要影响，但在同一矿区内，一些空间上接近的伟晶岩被成矿，而另一些则没有成矿，这是一个尚未解决的关键问题。这突出了控制伟晶岩成矿的其他关键因素的存在。碧玺是伟晶岩系统中常见的硼硅酸盐矿物，是破译成矿过程的关键指标。利用地球化学、硼同位素和矿物学等方法对亚洲最大的单脉锂矿床——慕容里矿的电气石进行了研究。确定了3种类型：BP-Tur（裸露伟晶岩中的碧玺）、FP-Tur（肥沃伟晶岩中的碧玺）和AC-Tur（蚀变围岩中的碧玺）。BP-Tur和FP-Tur具有明显的分带结构，表明岩浆-热液形成。bp - turr在低盐度、高-ƒO2、富流体的环境中结晶。fp - turr在初始低ƒO2和低盐度条件下形成，在结晶后期这两个参数都增加。AC-Tur是在低温、高压、高盐度、高-ƒO2环境下形成的细粒、无分带。其较重的δ11B值源于富含11b的岩浆流体。BP-Tur和FP-Tur发育带间的系统硼同位素变化分别记录了开放和封闭条件下的岩浆演化过程。这一解释得到了fp - turr相对于bp - turr更高的估计压力的证实，这与开放式系统的流体漏失和压力下降相一致。与以往的研究不同，我们发现电气石中Li、Sn、Nb或Ta的含量与矿化之间没有直接的相关性。相反，岩浆体系的封闭性是控制锂矿化的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

In situ trace element and sulfur isotope characteristics of pyrite from the Dapingzhang Cu − Au polymetallic deposit: Insights into Au mineralization processes 大坪章铜金多金属矿床黄铁矿原位微量元素及硫同位素特征：对金成矿过程的启示

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107154

Shanshan Ru , Guo Li , Chuandong Xue , Feng Li

The Dapingzhang Cu − Au polymetallic deposit is a large volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit formed during the Proto − Tethyan stage in western Yunnan Province, SW China, and exhibits a stratified distribution with upper massive orebodies (V1) and lower veinlet orebodies (V2). Au − rich orebodies predominantly occur within the massive orebodies near the 16^# exploration line. This study investigates the microstructures, trace elemental, and sulfur isotopic compositions of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite from the Au − rich orebodies at 1150 m and 1130 m levels to constrain the Au-bearing hydrothermal fluid sources, migration, and ore genesis. Four pyrite types were identified, representing three mineralization stages: (1) early-stage Py1 − 1 with sedimentary-formed strawberry − like textures; (2) late-stage Py1 − 2 formed through Py1 − 1 aggregation into irregular or euhedral crystals; and (3) Py2 (first-order zoning on Py1 − 2) and Py3 (second-order zoning on Py2). All Py1 − 2, Py2, and Py3 are hydrothermal in origin. Trace elemental composition reveals higher Sb concentrations in pyrite at the 1150 m level compared to those at the 1130 m level, with similar concentrating trends of Cu, Pb, Au, and Se. Evolutionary sequence analysis shows increasing Cu and Au concentrations but decreasing Co and Se concentrations in Py1 − 2, Py2, and Py3 across both the 1150 m and 1130 m levels. All pyrites are enriched in Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Sb but are depleted in Co, Ni, Tl, Se, Ti, and Sn. Sulfur isotope values (δ³⁴S = − 2.63 to + 1.12‰) of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite suggest a magmatic sulfur affinity. Gold mineralization is associated with E − W-trending ore-conducting faults. Au − rich fluids migrated upward through fractures, leaching Py1 − 1 to form inclusion textures and causing localized recrystallization that produced Au − enriched Py1 − 2. Continuous fluid replenishment generated Au − rich Py2. Since Py2 − forming fluids were not fully consumed, Py3 − forming fluids added more Au, reaching supersaturation and precipitating native gold and calaverite within Py2 − Py3 intergrowths and fractures. Sustained fluid supply ultimately formed the Au − rich orebodies.

大坪章铜金多金属矿床是滇西原特提斯期形成的大型火山成因块状硫化物矿床，呈上块状矿体（V1）下脉状矿体（V2）层状分布。富金矿体主要产于16#探矿线附近块状矿体内。本文研究了1150 m和1130 m富金矿体中黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿的微观结构、微量元素和硫同位素组成，以约束含金热液的来源、运移和矿床成因。鉴定出4种黄铁矿类型，分别代表3个成矿阶段：(1)早期Py1−1期，具有沉积形成的草莓状结构；(2)晚期Py1−2通过Py1−1聚集形成不规则或自面体晶体；Py2 （Py1−2上的一级分区）和Py3 （Py2上的二级分区）。Py1−2、Py2和Py3均为热液成因。微量元素组成表明，1150 m水平黄铁矿中Sb含量高于1130 m水平，Cu、Pb、Au和Se富集趋势相似。演化序列分析表明，在1150 m和1130 m水平上，Py1−2、Py2和Py3中Cu和Au浓度升高，Co和Se浓度降低。所有黄铁矿均富集Au、Cu、Pb、Zn和Sb，而富集Co、Ni、Tl、Se、Ti和Sn。黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿的硫同位素值（δ34S =−2.63 ~ + 1.12‰）表明它们具有岩浆硫亲和作用。金矿化与E - w向导矿断裂有关。富金流体通过裂缝向上运移，浸出Py1−1形成包裹体，局部再结晶生成富金Py1−2。连续补充流体生成富Au−Py2。由于形成Py2−的流体消耗不完全，形成Py3−的流体添加了更多的金，达到过饱和状态，在Py2−Py3共生体和裂缝中析出天然金和钙钙石。持续的流体供给最终形成了富金矿体。

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引用次数: 0

(U-Th)/He thermochronology constraints on Cenozoic exhumation of Ke’eryin lithium ore field, eastern Tibet （U-Th）/He热年代学对藏东柯尔音锂矿田新生代发掘的约束

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107133

Jingbo Sun , Wen Chen , Kezhang Qin , Shuangfeng Zhao , Ze Shen , Bin Zhang , Wen Zhang

The Ke’eryin lithium ore field, located in the east of Songpan-Ganzi orogenic belt of Tibetan Plateau, is an important lithium-producing field hosting multiple pegmatite deposits in large to super-large scale. A more complete exhumation history of this ore field is required, and favorable prospecting locations need further identification. Here, we applied (U-Th)/He dating combined with a vertical profile sampling strategy to quantitatively constrain the exhumation process of the Ke’eryin lithium ore field. Zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe) data and thermal history modeling reveal fast cooling during ∼28–24 Ma, linked to crustal shortening during the India-Eurasia collision. This phase removed ∼3.3 km of overburden, reducing burial depths from ∼5.3 km to ∼2 km. Age-elevation relationships of apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) combined with thermal history modeling reveal rapid cooling at ∼15 Ma. This rapid cooling episode resulted from the regional uplift and exhumation, with amplification by river incision. The hanging wall (north) experienced greater denudation than the footwall (south), making the footwall a more favorable prospecting area. Combining the zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He data, we calculate a total erosion amount of approximately ∼5 km in the Ke’eryin lithium ore field since the Late Oligocene.

柯尔银锂矿田位于青藏高原松潘—甘孜造山带东段，是我国重要的大型至超大型多伟晶岩矿床产锂田。需要对该矿田进行更完整的发掘历史，并进一步确定有利的找矿位置。本文采用(U-Th)/He定年法结合垂直剖面采样策略，对柯尔银锂矿田的发掘过程进行了定量约束。锆石(U-Th)/He（喆）数据和热历史模拟显示，在~ 28-24 Ma期间，印度-欧亚大陆碰撞期间地壳缩短，导致了快速冷却。这一阶段移除了约3.3公里的覆盖层，将掩埋深度从约5.3公里减少到约2公里。结合热历史模型，磷灰石(U-Th)/He （AHe）的年龄-海拔关系显示在~ 15 Ma时快速冷却。这一快速降温事件是由区域隆升和挖掘引起的，并有河流切割的放大作用。上盘（北）的剥蚀程度大于下盘（南），下盘为有利找矿区。结合锆石和磷灰石(U-Th)/He数据，计算了晚渐新世以来柯二阴锂矿田的总侵蚀量约为~ 5 km。

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引用次数: 0

Mg isotopes and TIMA tracing the mantle source and mineralization process at Bayan Obo Nb-REE-Fe deposit, China 白云鄂博铌稀土铁矿床地幔源及成矿过程的Mg同位素和TIMA示踪

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107127

Qingyan Tang , Zhuoming Li , Chi Zhao , Yan Zhang , Hailong Jin , Biao Chen , Yanjiang Liu , Tianyu Qin , Tengda Yang , Min Qiao , Xinrui Bai , Zeyu Ma

The presence of carbonate materials in the mantle source of carbonatites has long been debated. TIMA and Mg isotope are conducted to reveal the genesis of carbonatites and Bayan Obo Nb-REE-Fe deposit. The δ²⁶Mg values of dolomite carbonatite dykes are lighter than those of the normal mantle, ranging from −0.83 ‰ to −0.43 ‰. The δ²⁶Mg values show marked variation in both coarse-grained dolomite carbonatites (ranging from −0.71 ‰ to −0.03 ‰) and Nb-REE-Fe ores, with the latter exhibiting a broader isotopic range from −0.72 ‰ to +0.31 ‰. Fenite has a δ²⁶Mg value of −0.19 ‰, while limestones display the lowest δ²⁶Mg values overall, with a narrow range of −1.88 ‰ to −1.86 ‰. This study indicates that Bayan Obo carbonatites originated from the low-degree partial melting of carbonated peridotites. The ancient carbonate materials were introduced into the mantle source via decarbonation. Whole-rock δ²⁶Mg values are controlled by multiple mineral phases rather than a single phase. The mantle source, magmatic differentiation processes and subsequent hydrothermal fluid metasomatism collectively influence the Mg isotope compositions in the Bayan Obo area. The δ²⁶Mg values below the mantle value may result from minerals enriched in light Mg isotopes. Therefore, ancient carbonatites also involve the addition of carbonate materials. Element correlations suggest that acidic conditions favor the migration and enrichment of Nb and REE, whereas alkaline conditions promote the migration and enrichment of REE but are unfavourable for Nb migration.

碳酸盐岩地幔源中是否存在碳酸盐物质一直是人们争论的焦点。利用TIMA和Mg同位素揭示了碳酸盐岩和白云鄂博铌稀土铁矿床的成因。白云岩碳酸岩岩脉的δ26Mg值较正常地幔的δ26Mg值轻，范围为- 0.83‰~ - 0.43‰。粗粒白云岩碳酸盐（- 0.71‰~ - 0.03‰）和Nb-REE-Fe矿石的δ26Mg值变化明显，其中Nb-REE-Fe矿石的δ26Mg值变化范围较广，为- 0.72‰~ +0.31‰。灰岩的δ26Mg值为- 0.19‰，灰岩δ26Mg值最低，范围在- 1.88‰~ - 1.86‰之间。研究表明，白云鄂博碳酸岩起源于碳酸化橄榄岩的低程度部分熔融作用。古碳酸盐物质通过脱碳作用进入地幔源区。全岩δ26Mg值受多个矿物相控制，而非单一矿物相。地幔源、岩浆分异过程及后续热液交代作用共同影响了白云鄂博地区镁同位素组成。低于地幔值的δ26Mg值可能是由富含轻Mg同位素的矿物形成的。因此，古碳酸盐岩还涉及碳酸盐物质的添加。元素对比表明，酸性条件有利于Nb和REE的迁移富集，而碱性条件有利于REE的迁移富集，不利于Nb的迁移。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Skarn geochronology and genesis of the Wanlongshan Zn-Sn polymetallic deposit in southeast Yunnan: constraints from garnet and sphalerite composition, and in-situ S isotopes”. [Ore Geol. Rev. 185 (2025) 106776] “滇东南万龙山锡锌多金属矿床的夕卡岩年代学和成因：石榴石和闪锌矿组成和原位S同位素的约束”的勘误。(矿地质。Rev. 185 (2025) 106776]

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107103

Sun Bin , Tian Peng , Yan Yongfeng , Liu Yi , Kong Zhigang , Yang Guangshu

引用次数: 0

Genesis of ankerite and its relationship with uranium mineralization in the Hailijin uranium deposit, southern Songliao Basin, China 松辽盆地南部海里金铀矿床铁白云岩成因及其与铀矿化的关系

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107130

Xin Hu , Hui Rong , Shihu Kang , Jun Ning , Guolong Tang , Liangliang Zhang , Shusong Ma

Ankerite cements in the Hailijin uranium deposit of the southern Songliao Basin serve as an excellent carrier for uranium mineralization. This study aims to characterize the morphology, contents, fluid inclusions, and elemental-isotopic compositions of the ankerite cements within the uranium reservoirs, and then reveals genesis of the ankerite and its relationship with uranium mineralization. In red sandstone, the ankerite is predominantly euhedral granular with an average content of 0.92 %. In yellow sandstone, it occurs as euhedral to subhedral crystals (average content: 0.62 %). In gray-white barren sandstone, it is mainly colloidal or granular, with an average content of 0.97 %. In mineralized sandstone, the ankerite exists in colloidal or granular form and has the highest average content (1.61 %). In primary gray sandstone, it appears as euhedral to subhedral crystals (average content: 0.94 %). Fluid inclusions in the ankerite yield homogenization temperatures of 140–180 °C (Th) and salinities of 8–12 wt% NaCl equiv. Sc, V, U, Zn, and Y exhibit remarkable enrichment in the ankerite, while Li, Cu, Rb, Ga, Zr, Nb, Ba, and Hf display systematic depletion patterns. The rare earth elements of ankerite generally exhibit the characteristics of light rare earth element depletion and heavy rare earth element enrichment. Ce/La ranges from 1.3 to 2.645, with an average value of 1.816, and Eu anomaly value (δEu) fluctuates between 0.881 and 1.093, with an average of 1.014. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of the ankerite range from 0.70598 to 0.70779, with an average value of 0.70748. The study indicates that the ankerite likely forms in hydrothermal fluids associated with basic dike intrusion. As temperature decreases, the ankerite and uranium minerals sequentially precipitate from these hydrothermal fluids. This study reveals the mechanism of hydrothermal fluids participating in mineralization of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits.

松辽盆地南部海里金铀矿床的铁白云石胶结物是铀矿化的优良载体。通过对铀矿储层中铁白云石胶结物的形态、含量、流体包裹体和元素同位素组成的表征，揭示铁白云石的成因及其与铀矿化的关系。红砂岩中，铁白云石以自面体颗粒为主，平均含量为0.92%。在黄色砂岩中以自面体至亚面体晶体存在（平均含量0.62%）。灰白色秃砂岩以胶体或粒状为主，平均含量为0.97%。在矿化砂岩中，铁白云石以胶体或粒状存在，平均含量最高（1.61%）。在原生灰色砂岩中，呈自面体至亚面体结晶，平均含量为0.94%。铁白云石中的流体包裹体均质温度为140 ~ 180℃（Th），盐度为8 ~ 12 wt% NaCl， Sc、V、U、Zn和Y在铁白云石中表现出显著富集，而Li、Cu、Rb、Ga、Zr、Nb、Ba和Hf表现出系统的亏缺模式。安吉矿稀土元素总体上表现出轻稀土元素贫、重稀土元素富集的特征。Ce/La变化范围为1.3 ~ 2.645，平均值为1.816；Eu异常值δEu变化范围为0.881 ~ 1.093，平均值为1.014。ankerite的87Sr/86Sr值在0.70598 ~ 0.70779之间，平均值为0.70748。研究表明，铁白云石可能形成于与基性岩脉侵入有关的热液流体中。随着温度的降低，铁白云石和铀矿物依次从这些热液中析出。研究揭示了热液流体参与砂岩型铀矿床成矿作用的机理。

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引用次数: 0

Orogenic gold mineralization constrained by sphalerite geochemistry: evidence from the Bangbu deposit, Tibet, SW China 闪锌矿地球化学约束下的造山带金矿化——来自西藏邦布矿床的证据

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107141

Xiangfa Song , Degao Zhai , Xiaolin Wang , Jinchao Wu , Zhi Zhang , Wei Chen , Zijun Qiu , Qingqing Zhao , Jiajun Liu

Located in the eastern segment of the Yarlung–Tsangpo suture zone (YTSZ), the Bangbu deposit formed during the subduction–collision evolution of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen and constitutes a significant example of hydrothermal gold mineralization in this tectonic setting. Pyrite has commonly been employed to trace ore-forming processes in orogenic gold systems, but the role of coexisting sphalerite as an additional tracer mineral remains insufficiently investigated. This study presents a comprehensive geochemical characterization of sphalerite occurring with ore-stage pyrite in quartz–sulfide veins from the Bangbu deposit, and places these results in the context of a global dataset covering sphalerite from diverse mineralization environments. Compared with sphalerite from other deposit types, the Bangbu sphalerite is characterized by elevated Cd but depleted Ga, Mn and Sn. Both PLS-DA and its orthogonal variant (OPLS-DA) show that sphalerite from Bangbu represents a distinct geochemical cluster that is readily separable from typical magmatic–hydrothermal systems. Application of the GGIMFis geothermometer to the Bangbu sphalerite yields temperatures of 230–260 °C (peak at ∼250 °C), while the corresponding lgfS₂ values of –14.5 to –12.4 point to intermediate- to low-sulfidation conditions. These parameters are consistent with medium to low temperature, low salinity, CO₂-rich fluids and show no clear evidence for a significant magmatic or mantle-derived fluid component, and instead pointing to a predominantly metamorphic fluid origin. Coexisting sphalerite and pyrite display narrowly distributed δ³⁴S values of ∼+2‰ and near-equilibrium isotopic fractionation, and their sulfur isotope compositions are lighter than those of sulfides in the surrounding low-grade metamorphic strata. This discrepancy with a simple metamorphic devolatilization model, together with the observation that δ³⁴S values fall within the range expected for sulfur released by slab-derived fluids, supports a significant sub-crustal fluid contribution and indicates that a single metamorphic devolatilization model cannot fully explain the gold mineralization. Integrating constraints from trace element compositions, temperature estimates, sulfur fugacity and sulfur isotopes, this study proposes a two-stage genetic model for the Bangbu deposit, including subduction-related devolatilization pre-enrichment and metamorphic reactivation. The results demonstrate that ore-stage sphalerite provides independent constraints on the ore-forming conditions and fluid sources of orogenic gold deposits, and represents an important complement to traditional pyrite-based tracer systems.

邦布矿床位于雅鲁藏布缝合带（YTSZ）东段，形成于喜马拉雅—青藏造山带俯冲—碰撞演化过程中，是该构造背景下热液金矿化的重要例证。黄铁矿通常用于在造山带金系统中追踪成矿过程，但共存的闪锌矿作为另一种示踪矿物的作用仍未得到充分的研究。本研究对邦布矿床石英-硫化物脉中与矿级黄铁矿共生的闪锌矿进行了全面的地球化学表征，并将这些结果与覆盖不同成矿环境的闪锌矿全球数据集进行了对比。与其他矿床类型闪锌矿相比，邦布闪锌矿具有Cd升高、Ga、Mn、Sn亏缺的特点。PLS-DA及其正交方差（OPLS-DA）表明，邦布闪锌矿是一个独特的地球化学簇，易于与典型的岩浆-热液系统分离。GGIMFis地温计对邦布闪锌矿的测量温度为230-260°C（峰值为~ 250°C），而相应的lgfS2值为- 14.5至- 12.4，为中至低硫化条件。这些参数与中低温、低盐度、富co2流体一致，没有明确证据表明存在明显的岩浆或幔源流体成分，而是指向以变质流体为主的流体来源。闪锌矿与黄铁矿共生，δ34S值分布窄，δ34S值为~ +2‰，同位素分馏接近平衡，硫同位素组成轻于周围低品位变质地层硫化物。这与简单的变质脱挥发模型的差异，以及δ34S值落在板岩流体释放硫的预期范围内，支持了地壳下流体的重要贡献，表明单一的变质脱挥发模型不能完全解释金矿化。综合微量元素组成、温度估算、硫逸度和硫同位素等因素，提出了邦埠矿床俯冲脱挥发预富集和变质再活化两阶段成因模型。结果表明，矿级闪锌矿对造山带金矿成矿条件和流体来源具有独立的约束作用，是对传统黄铁矿示踪体系的重要补充。

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引用次数: 0

In situ geochemical investigations of pyrite constraining Au-Sb mineralization in the Jienagepu deposit, southern Tibet, China 藏南杰那格普金矿床黄铁矿约束金锑成矿的原位地球化学研究

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107152

Jinchao Wu , Degao Zhai , Zhi Zhang , Jiajun Liu , Jian-Feng Gao , Xiangfa Song , Zijun Qiu , Qingqing Zhao , Gang Zhao

The Jienagepu Au-Sb deposit, recently identified in the eastern Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS), southern Tibet, shows considerable resource potential in this Sb-Au metallogenic domain. Although numerous local Sb-Au ore bodies hosted in Mesozoic weakly metamorphosed slate have been identified and investigated, the sources of regional Sb and Au resources and the properties of the ore-forming fluids in this unique orogenic setting remain highly controversial. To address these issues, in situ trace element and sulfur isotope analyses were performed on pyrite from the gold-base metal sulfides mineralization stage (II) of the Jienagepu deposit. Trace element analyses indicate that pyrite contains high concentrations of Ni, Cu, As, and Sb, whereas the concentrations of Zn, Se, and Ag are relatively low. Except for minor Sb-(Ni/As)-bearing inclusions, most trace elements, including gold, are hosted within pyrite as solid solutions. The newly obtained in situ sulfur isotope data for pyrite (δ³⁴S = 5.0‰-8.0‰; average = 6.2‰), in comparison with regional S isotopic reservoirs, suggest that the slate strata were the main sulfur source. In situ geochemical results for pyrite further indicate that the Jienagepu ore-forming fluids were mainly meteoric with a minor magmatic water, and were characterized by low temperature (<300 °C) and low salinity (<9 wt% NaCl equiv). Combined with previous studies, we propose that, in a Miocene post-collisional extensional setting, meteoric-dominated geothermal fluids, driven by heat from coeval felsic magmatism, circulated at shallow levels, leaching ore-forming elements from the slate strata and then migrating along N-S-trending faults, ultimately forming the giant Sb-Au resources of southern Tibet. This study provides important insights for understanding the Sb-Au enrichment in post-collisional settings and for guiding regional Sb-Au ore exploration.

最近在藏南特提斯喜马拉雅层序（THS）东部发现的捷那格普金锑矿，在该金银成矿域中具有相当大的资源潜力。虽然在中生代弱变质板岩中发现和研究了许多局部的锑金矿体，但在这种独特的造山带背景下，区域锑金资源的来源和成矿流体的性质仍然存在很大的争议。为了解决这些问题，对捷那格普金矿床金基金属硫化物成矿阶段（II）的黄铁矿进行了原位微量元素和硫同位素分析。微量元素分析表明，黄铁矿中含有高浓度的Ni、Cu、As和Sb，而Zn、Se和Ag的含量相对较低。除了少量含Sb-(Ni/As)的包裹体外，大多数微量元素（包括金）以固溶体形式赋存于黄铁矿中。新获得的黄铁矿原位硫同位素数据（δ34S = 5.0‰~ 8.0‰，平均值= 6.2‰），与区域S同位素储层对比表明，板岩地层是黄铁矿的主要硫源。现场黄铁矿地球化学结果进一步表明，捷那格普成矿流体以大气流体为主，含少量岩浆水，具有低温（<300℃）和低盐度（<；9 wt% NaCl当量）的特征。结合前人研究，我们认为，在中新世碰撞后伸展环境下，以大气为主导的地热流体在同时期长英质岩浆活动的热量驱动下，在浅层循环，从板岩地层中浸出成矿元素，然后沿北向断裂迁移，最终形成藏南巨大的锑金资源。该研究对认识碰撞后背景下的锑金富集，指导区域锑金找矿具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Review of the relationship between highly fractionated intrusions and gold mineralization 高分异侵入体与金矿化关系研究进展

IF 3.6 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107145

Qingxuan Wang , Shuo Wang , Zhengping Yan , Wenyuan Li , Yunhua Liu , Huali Guo , Jinhua Du , Yingxing Huang , Tianhong Gao , Zihe Chen

Highly fractionated intrusions plays a key role in the formation of numerous types of ore metal deposits. For example, many large-scale Au deposits are associated with highly fractionated intermediate–silicic intrusions. Since the introduction of Au deposit classification types such as intrusion-related, magmatic, and magmatic–hydrothermal Au deposits, an increasing number of studies have focused on the coupled relationships between magmatic processes (e.g., melt segregation, differentiation, and evolution) and Au mineralization. The magmatism not only provides the energy and ore-forming materials for Au mineralization, but also leads to significant Au enrichment by magmatic fractionation and evolution. Consequently, studies on magmatic fractionation-related mineralization should not be confined to ore types such as W–Sn and rare metals. This paper systematically reviews the nature of Au deposits genetically linked to highly fractionated magmas and discusses the key controls on anomalous Au enrichment during magmatic fractionation. The gold-mineralizing magmas are derived mainly from regions near the crust–mantle boundary. Metasomatic overprinting of the lithospheric mantle and enrichment of the lower crust by metallic elements, fluids, and volatiles from subducted slabs are preconditions for subsequent auriferous mineralization processes. The parental rocks of these Au deposits generally have a high O fugacity and are fractionated I-type or magnetite-series granites that have an affinity with the high-K calc-alkaline series, in which physicochemical parameters such as the O fugacity regulate the S speciation in the magmas and Au distribution. Furthermore, the timing of Au-bearing metallic sulfide saturation in the magmas and subsequent exsolution into the fluid phase is one of the critical controls on Au transportation into the shallow crust and its subsequent deposition in economically viable concentrations. Such Au deposits form mainly in transitional tectonic settings associated with slab subduction (e.g., slab rollback, break off) or during the transition from collisional to post-collisional tectonic settings. The physicochemical processes that govern melt segregation, differentiation, and Au enrichment from the magma source regions to final ore deposition have significant implications for understanding anomalous Au concentration mechanisms. The interrelationships among physicochemical parameters are the critical factor in understanding the coupling relationship between the melt-fluid evolution and Au mineralization, and therefore warrant further investigation.

高分异侵入体在多种类型矿床的形成中起着关键作用。例如，许多大型金矿床与高分馏中硅质侵入体有关。自侵入型、岩浆型、岩浆-热液型金矿床等金矿床分类类型被引入以来，越来越多的研究集中在岩浆过程（如熔体分离、分异和演化）与金矿化之间的耦合关系上。岩浆作用不仅为金矿化提供了能量和成矿物质，而且通过岩浆分馏和演化导致了显著的金富集。因此，岩浆分选成矿研究不应局限于钨锡、稀有金属等矿石类型。本文系统评述了与高分馏岩浆成因相关的金矿性质，讨论了岩浆分馏过程中异常金富集的关键控制因素。金矿化岩浆主要来源于地壳-地幔边界附近地区。岩石圈地幔的交代叠印和俯冲板块的金属元素、流体和挥发物对下地壳的富集是后续含金成矿作用的先决条件。这些金矿床的母岩一般具有较高的O逸度，为分选的i型或磁铁矿系列花岗岩，与高钾钙碱性系列有亲缘关系，其中O逸度等物化参数调节着岩浆中的S形态和Au的分布。此外，岩浆中含金金属硫化物的饱和和随后析出到流体相的时间是控制Au进入浅层地壳并随后以经济上可行的浓度沉积的关键因素之一。这类金矿主要形成于与板块俯冲（如板块回滚、断裂）相关的过渡性构造环境中，或形成于从碰撞构造环境到碰撞后构造环境的过渡时期。从岩浆源区到最终矿床，控制熔体偏析、分异和金富集的物理化学过程对理解异常金富集机制具有重要意义。物理化学参数之间的相互关系是理解熔融流体演化与金矿化耦合关系的关键因素，值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0