Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Geochemical behavior and enrichment mechanisms of REEs and HFSEs in Permian claystones of SW China: Insights from multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning","authors":"Zhi-Shuang Yang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Wen Huang ,&nbsp;Ying-Hui Gao ,&nbsp;Yu-Miao Meng ,&nbsp;Liang Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the geochemical behavior of elements during magmatism, weathering, and sedimentation is crucial for revealing their enrichment mechanisms. The Late Permian Xuanwei Formation claystones in southwestern China are enriched in rare earth elements (REEs), Y, Sc, Ga, Nb, and Zr. Using principal component analysis (PCA) combined with interpretable machine learning algorithms including random forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting, we decipher their enrichment pathways. PCA reveals that REEs and Y, together with Ga, were co-enriched with high field strength elements (HFSEs) in late-stage accessory minerals during basaltic magmatism, whereas Sc was preferentially associated with early-forming mafic minerals. During sedimentation, REEs and Y were mobilized and enriched, whereas HFSEs remained largely immobile. Machine learning models identify key predictors controlling elemental enrichment, including Y, Sr, P, U, and Ga for REEs; REEs, Ga, and Hf for Y; Ti, V, and Fe for Sc; Th, REEs, and Y for Ga; and Ta, Hf, Th, and U for Nb and Zr. Based on these results, we propose a geochemical model for the enrichment of critical metals. During the magmatic stage, REEs, Y, and Ga were associated with HFSEs, whereas Sc was coupled with Fe–Ti–V-bearing mafic minerals. Weathering mobilized REEs and Y, while Sc, Nb, and Zr remained relatively inert. During sedimentation, REEs and Y became re-coupled with P- and Sr-rich phases, Sc shifted toward Fe–Ti associations, Ga became linked to Al-rich phases, and Nb and Zr continued to exhibit immobile behavior. Overall, enrichment of REEs and Y reflects the combined effects of magmatic inheritance, weathering mobilization, and sedimentary re-concentration, whereas enrichment of Ga and HFSEs is mainly inherited from magmatic minerals. These findings are consistent with mineralogical constraints, demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating geochemistry with multivariate statistics and machine learning to unravel element behavior across geological processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of hydrothermal illite clay mineralization in the southern Ordos Basin, central China","authors":"Qingyang Bao ,&nbsp;Hongfei Cheng ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Shaoxian Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant illite clay deposits, which are of considerable economic interest and genetic importance, are found in Chunhua area along the southern margin of the Ordos Basin. This study takes the Yanjiagou deposit as a representative case and integrates geological survey, mineralogy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) , scanning electron microscopy, geochemistry, K-Ar isotopic dating, and illite crystallinity analysis to systematically investigate its geological characteristics, age of mineralization, and genesis. The results indicate that the mineralized clay layers are predominantly hosted in the lower segment of the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation. The protolith is identified as a kaolinite claystone that formed through chemical precipitation, which was subsequently altered to illite through hydrothermal processes. K-Ar dating of illite yields an age of 146.8 ± 2.5 Ma, and crystallinity-based geothermometry indicates a formation temperature of approximately 210 °C, constraining the mineralization to a medium–low temperature hydrothermal event during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. A genetic model of “hydrothermal diagenetic mineralization” is proposed, wherein potassium-rich fluids migrated along structural pathways and triggered selective illitization of kaolinite precursor, resulting in zoned illite horizons. These findings not only provide key insights into Late Mesozoic hydrothermal mineralization on the southwestern margin of the North China Craton, but also offer practical guidelines for the exploration of clay mineral deposits in similar geological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis of the Ke’eryin Li-rich granitic rocks and its implications for Li-mineralization in the eastern Songpan-Garzê Orogenic Belt, China","authors":"Lingfang Wu ,&nbsp;Qingguo Zhai ,&nbsp;Yue Tang ,&nbsp;Peiyuan Hu ,&nbsp;Yiming Liu ,&nbsp;Jinyong Li ,&nbsp;Ning Yang ,&nbsp;Sheng Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Songpan–Garzê Orogenic Belt is a world-famous Li mineralization belt in China, but the petrogenesis and source of the Li-rich granitic rocks remain unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the Li-rich granitic rocks from the Ke’eryin, located in the eastern part of the Songpan–Garzê Orogenic Belt. Zircon U–Pb dating yielded crystallization ages for a two-mica granite (205 ± 1 Ma), aplite (204 ± 2 Ma), spodumene-free pegmatite (203 ± 1 Ma) and spodumene-bearing pegmatite (206 ± 2 Ma), indicating a roughly coeval magmatic-hydrothermal activity. Systematic decreases in Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, combined with negative correlations between CaO, Al₂O₃, P₂O₅, MgO, and SiO₂, reveal progressive magmatic differentiation from granite through to aplite and finally the pegmatites. The distinct Sn enrichment in the spodumene-bearing pegmatite records a transition from an early H₂O-poor to a late water-rich magmatic system. All rocks display elevated Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios, along with uniform Sr–Nd isotopic signatures that resemble those of Triassic metapelites (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i = 0.7030 ∼ 0.7148, ε_Nd(<em>t</em>) = −9.2 ∼ −7.3). Therefore, the Ke’eryin Li-rich granitic rocks were generated through muscovite-dehydration melting of a metapelitic source, and progressive magmatic differentiation subsequently concentrated Li and other rare metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrophysical signature of the Salobo IOCG deposit: Insights into lithology, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization","authors":"Moriá Caroline de Araújo ,&nbsp;Adalene Moreira Silva ,&nbsp;Catarina Labouré Bemfica Toledo ,&nbsp;Daniel Shkromada de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Victor Nogueira ,&nbsp;Juliana Araújo ,&nbsp;Edvaldo Gomes Farias ,&nbsp;Lucas Nunes Morais","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of petrophysical and mineralogical data is essential for understanding variations in the physical properties of hydrothermally altered rocks. In this study, petrophysical data were combined with mineralogical analyses obtained through TIMA (TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer), QEMSCAN (Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy), and LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy core scanner) to characterize the petrophysical footprint of the Salobo IOCG (Iron Oxide Copper-Gold) deposit. The analysis and interpretation of rock physical properties and mineral mapping data reveal that the Salobo alteration zones exhibit distinct petrophysical signatures. The calcic-sodic alteration zone is characterized by low density (∼2.89 g/cm³), low magnetic susceptibility (∼0.091 SI), and moderate resistivity (∼2781 Ω.m). A newly identified Ca-Fe-K subzone marks the transition from Ca-Na to Fe- and K-enriched systems, presenting a slight increase in resistivity (∼2958 Ω.m). Iron enrichment zones display systematic transitions, progressing from grunerite-dominated associations to almandine-rich zones and magnetite precipitation. These zones are distinguished by high density (&gt;30 g/cm³), elevated magnetic susceptibility (up to 7.516 SI), and increased chargeability (∼62.2–89.7 mV/V). The K-Fe subzone and its advanced forms are characterized mainly by almandine and biotite, along with intense late chloritization that significantly affects petrophysical signatures. Potassic alteration displays a strong decrease in resistivity (∼1658 Ω.m), attributed to biotite and sulfides. This study highlights the importance of integrating multi-source data to enhance the understanding of mineral systems through mineralogical and petrophysical datasets. Petrophysical properties, controlled by mineral composition, provide insights into Salobo’s geophysical signature and petrophysical footprint. Thus, a schematic model was developed to illustrate the petrophysical signature of each subzone hydrothermal alteration zone, linking variations in density, magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, and chargeability to mineralogical data. The presented methodology provides a framework applicable to other IOCG deposits, similar systems, and potential targets, enhancing exploration efficiency and providing valuable strategies for advancing mineral exploration on a broader scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geology, fluid inclusion and fluorite geochemistry constraints on the genesis of the large-scale Guancun fluorite deposit, Zhejiang Province, Southeast China","authors":"Wen-Gang Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhao-Hui Li ,&nbsp;Ming-Sen Fan ,&nbsp;Jun-Yi Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107122","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The large-scale Guancun fluorite deposit is situated within the Yangtze Block in northwestern Zhejiang Province. Mineralization occurs predominantly along an unconformity between the Cretaceous Laocun Formation and the Permian Qixia Formation and is intimately associated with silicified alteration zones, with minor stockwork and breccia type mineralization hosted in the Permian Qixia Formation. Based on detailed field and petrographic observations, the mineralization at Guancun can be divided into at least five stages: Stage I is characterized by the formation of early fluorite (Fl-1) in vein and breccia cement in both unconformity and limestone-hosted orebodies; Stage II is marked by the precipitation of barite (Brt-1); Stage III is characterized by quartz (Qz-1) crystallization, which rims the earlier barite; Stage IV represents the deposition of rhythmically banded fluorite (Fl-2) and stage V signifies the termination of mineralization with the formation of crustified quartz and minor pyrite. Fluid inclusion studies in fluorite and quartz reveal the evolutionary history of the ore-forming fluids and precipitation mechanisms. Liquid-rich two-phase inclusions are the dominant fluid inclusion type across all stages. Fluid inclusions in Fl-1 exhibit homogenization temperatures of 164–375 °C and salinities of 0.18–7.59 wt% NaCl equiv., with the broad ranges interpreted to reflect mixing between magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water. Subsequently, type L inclusions in stage III quartz (140–250 °C and 1.57–3.87 wt% NaCl equiv.) show features inherited from the final mixed fluid in stage I fluorite, implying declined meteoric water mixing during quartz precipitation. Fluid inclusions in Fl-2 (130–227 °C and 0.18–0.70 wt% NaCl equiv.) record further decreases in temperature and salinity, indicating further fluid mixing and second episode of ore formation. The geochemical signatures of fluorite, particularly its rare earth element (REE) patterns, provide critical insights into elemental behavior, fluid evolution, and mineralization conditions. LA-ICP-MS data of fluorite indicate a genetic relationship between the Guancun fluorite deposit and concealed granites in the region. Trace elements, especially REEs, exert a significant control on the color zonation of fluorite. Higher REE contents in colored varieties, with specific Ce and U correlations for green and purple respectively, alongside elevated Fe in late-stage zones, identify these elements as key determinant governing both the initiation and intensity of coloration. Variations in elemental concentrations, along with Eu and Ce anomalies, suggest mineralization under fluctuating temperature and redox conditions consistent with microthermometric results. Taken together, mixing between ascending deep F-bearing magmatic fluid and calcium-rich meteoric or underground water is proposed as the principal mechanism for fluorite mineralization. Additionally, water–rock interaction between","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature uranium mineralization in the Jiling Na-metasomatism uranium deposit, northwest China: Evidence from the isotope and element of rutile and apatite","authors":"Xin-Yi Zhou ,&nbsp;Kai-Xing Wang ,&nbsp;Chi-Da Yu ,&nbsp;Gui Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Dong Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Qiang Sun ,&nbsp;Wen-Heng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Jiling uranium deposit in Northwest China, which was previously considered a low-temperature system, presents evidence of high-temperature mineralization at depth. Petrographic analysis, elemental composition, and U–Pb dating of <em>syn</em>-ore hydrothermal rutile and apatite from this deposit were investigated in this study. Three distinct rutile types, each of which formed from a different precursor mineral, were identified: Rt-1 from altered Ti-rich magnetite, Rt-2 from ilmenite, and Rt-3 from biotite. These hydrothermal rutile types are contemporaneous with uraninite and apatite in the deposit. The three rutile types exhibit distinct rare earth element (REE) patterns. Rt-1 has a low REE content with light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment, and Rt-2 has a high REE content with a flat pattern. In contrast, Rt-3 shows an LREE-enriched pattern. These variations suggest that the REE signature of each rutile type is inherited from its precursor minerals. Furthermore, all three rutile types are enriched in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs). This enrichment was likely driven by the high-temperature, halogen- and CO₂-bearing magmatic fluids responsible for their formation. In situ U–Pb isotope dating of hydrothermal rutile and apatite yields weighted mean ages of 432 ± 6 Ma and 435 ± 3 Ma, respectively. This study demonstrates that rutile and apatite can be used as robust tool for tracing uranium mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magmatic evolution and chromite mineralization in the Gayahe ultramafic Complex, East Kunlun orogenic Belt, western China","authors":"Wen-Qi Ren ,&nbsp;Shao-Yong Jiang ,&nbsp;Hailin Xie ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Hui-Min Su","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating chromite–silicate geochemistry with apatite U–Pb geochronology, this study deciphers the magmatic evolution and chromite mineralization of the Gayahe ultramafic complex in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt. Newly identified massive chromitites occur within serpentinite, dunite, olivine pyroxenite, and pyroxenite. Apatite U–Pb dating yields an age of 430 ± 17 Ma, placing their formation in the Early Silurian during a major pulse of mantle-derived magmatism. Chromite from massive chromitite is characterized by high Cr# (70.2–80.6), low TiO₂, and trace-element patterns marked by relative Zn–Co–Mn enrichment and pronounced Sc depletion, indicating crystallization from a low-Ti parental melt consistent with forearc boninitic magmatism. Systematic contrasts among chromite types show that re-equilibration chiefly overprinted low-modal-abundance chromite in serpentinite and other ultramafic host rocks, whereas the multivalent-element chemistry of chromite from massive chromitite samples preserves near-primary melt signatures. Coexisting olivine shows high Mg# and Ni contents, consistent with crystallization from a depleted mantle-derived melt. Field, petrographic, and geochemical evidence collectively indicates that the Gayahe chromitite formed in an Early Silurian subduction-related arc setting, where chromite–silicate crystal-mush accumulation followed by gravitational settling generated the massive chromitite layers. These findings refine the petrogenesis of the Gayahe ultramafic complex and establish a geochemical framework for identifying high-Cr chromitite associated with boninite-series magmatism in comparable orogenic belts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling hydrothermal center in the Xiayu Ag-Pb-Zn-Au Orefield, central China: Insights from geology evidence and ore grade characteristic","authors":"Lei Zhu ,&nbsp;Min Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuquan Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Jian ,&nbsp;Jingwen Mao ,&nbsp;Yongfei Tian ,&nbsp;Li Jiang ,&nbsp;Yongqi Su","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xiayu orefield, situated within the Xiong’ershan ore concentration area of the southern margin of the North China Craton, is an important polymetallic production region. Recent studies suggest that the steeply dipping Ag-Pb-Zn-Au veins belong to a magmatic-hydrothermal system related to unexposed intrusions. The hydrothermal center and associated metal zoning, however, remain unclear. Addressing these knowledge gaps is essential for elucidating ore-forming processes and refining regional exploration strategies. This study addresses these issues through a statistical analysis of 436,003 ore grades, integrated with field and petrographic investigations. Our results reveal clear patterns of metal zoning that show a hydrothermal center is located under the southwestern part of Haopinggou deposit in the Xiayu orefield. Samples from this orefield clearly exhibit six paragenetic stages, in which sphalerite precipitation was followed by gold and lead mineralization, which in turn preceded the formation of chalcopyrite and argentite, with native silver occurring in the final stage. Based on these stages, we employed characteristic metal ratios to provide evidence for elemental zonings: Au/Ag, Zn/Ag, and Pb/Ag ratios increase toward the southwestern Haopinggou deposit. These variations reflect the sequential deposition of ore minerals, which is jointly governed by mineralization stages, decreasing temperature gradients, and intensifying fluid-rock interaction distal to the hydrothermal center. The observation aligns with the geological features of the Xiayu orefield, specifically the presence and spatial configuration of breccia pipes. This interpretation is further substantiated by a synthesis of existing fluid inclusion information, hydrothermal alteration assemblages, and geochronological constraints. These findings demonstrate the utility of statistical analysis methodologies in mineral exploration, providing a robust framework for identifying hydrothermal centers and delineating exploration targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Linghou Cu–Zn polymetallic deposit, South China: Constraints from geological, mineralogical, geochronological and sulfur isotope data","authors":"Wei Zheng ,&nbsp;Kelei Chu ,&nbsp;Bo Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stratiform Cu deposits represent significant source of copper worldwide and have long been the subject of extensive scientific research. However, their origins remain highly debated. To address this key issue, we carried out a comprehensive investigation of the Linghou deposit in South China—a typical stratiform Cu deposit—utilizing microanalytical mineralogy and in situ sulfur isotope analysis of the main ore minerals, together with high-precision geochronology of genetically related hydrothermal apatite.</div><div>Hydrothermal apatite spatially and temporally associated with copper mineralization in the Linghou stratiform ores yields a lower intercept U–Pb age of 161.0 ± 4.6 Ma (MSWD = 1.09), consistent with ages obtained from the granodiorite porphyry in the deposit. Microtextural and thermometric analyses of coexisting chalcopyrite and sphalerite indicate formation temperatures of 255–303 °C, characteristic of magmatic-hydrothermal systems. The sulfur isotope compositions of sulfide minerals exhibit a narrow δ³⁴S range of +0.68 ‰ to +2.80 ‰, further supporting a genetic relationship with granitic magmatism.</div><div>Integrated geological evidence indicates that the Linghou deposit represents a Late Jurassic Cu-polymetallic skarn system. These findings not only resolve the long-standing genetic controversy of this deposit type but also highlight the considerable exploration potential for magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-polymetallic systems along the Qin-Hang metallogenic belt. The combined application of high-precision geochronology, microscale mineral chemistry, and detailed metal source tracing provides critical constraints for understanding ore-forming mechanisms, refining genetic classifications, and establishing robust metallogenic frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ geochronology and geochemistry of allanite, monazite and calcite in the Yushishan metasedimentary rock-hosted Nb-Ta-REE deposit (NW China)","authors":"Cheng-Lai Deng,&nbsp;Shao-Yong Jiang,&nbsp;Hui-Min Su,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Tao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The newly discovered Yushishan Nb-Ta-REE deposit is hosted by metasedimentary rocks (mainly leptynite) in the South Qilian orogen, northwestern China. However, key aspects of this deposit, including the precise timing of rare earth element (REE) mineralization, its metallogenic history, and the mechanisms driving REE enrichment, remain poorly constrained. This study integrates in-situ U-Pb geochronology of REE-rich minerals (allanite and monazite), in-situ geochemical and C-Sr isotopic analyses of calcite, and whole-rock Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions to elucidate the deposit’s genesis. In-situ U-Pb dating of monazite and allanite constrains the timing of REE mineralization to ∼490 Ma, indicating a genetic connection between REE mineralization and regional alkaline intrusions.<!--> <!-->Petrological and geochemical characteristics identify four types of calcites (Cal-1 to Cal-4) from aegirine-augite syenite, syenite and mineralized leptynite. Cal-1 and Cal-3, characterized by higher (La/Lu)_N ratios, are inferred to derive from magmatic fluids, whereas Cal-2 and Cal-4 likely originate from metamorphic fluids. Additionally, petrological and geochemical evidence confirms a hydrothermal origin for monazite and allanite in mineralized leptynite, highlighting the critical role of hydrothermal fluids in mineralization. Calcite C-Sr isotopic compositions indicate that ore-forming fluids incorporated components from both host rock marble and ancient strata (e.g. Daken Daban Group). Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopes reveal a shared magma source for alkaline intrusions and leptynite, pointing to a hybridized lithospheric mantle-derived reservoir as the primary source of ore-forming materials. The metallogenic history of the Yushishan deposit is divided into two key stages: (1) a Neoproterozoic pre-enrichment stage (∼830 Ma) involving REE-enriched alkaline volcanism, which laid the foundation for subsequent mineralization; and (2) an Early Paleozoic metallogenic event (∼490 Ma) triggered by the northward subduction of the North Qilian Block beneath the Central Qilian Block. This subduction event induced asthenospheric upwelling, promoting partial melting of the lithospheric mantle to generate Nb-Ta-REE-rich melts. These melts mixed with lower crustal melts and intruded into the Aoyougou Formation leptynites. Subsequent magmatic-hydrothermal fluids then remobilized pre-existing REE reservoirs in the leptynite, culminating in REE mineralization. This multistage model underscores the combined role of magmatic-hydrothermal and metamorphic-hydrothermal systems in the activation, transport, and deposition of REEs in the Yushishan deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}