Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.57041/pjs.v74i1-1.805
Naila Riaz
The present study evaluated AChE inhibitory effect of three plants (Calotropis procera, Eucalyptus globulus and Mentha spicata) extract using Aedes aegypti and Musca domestica as model insects. The effect caused by plants was also compared with commonly used insecticides i.e., Chlorpyrifos. The WHO-recommended protocol was used for conducting bioassay tests against selected insects. Three different doses of plants extract were used. The mortality rate was assessed after 24 hours post-treatment. Using Ellman's assay, the AChE activity was determined by spectrophotometry at 412nm wavelength. There was a marked decline in the enzyme activity of treated groups compared to the control group. M. spicata treated groups proved to have high AChE inhibition power among three plants extract. While C. procera extract effectively control both Ae. aegypti and M. domestica. It is concluded that plants extract not only inhibits the AChE activity of insects but also controls them very proficiently.
{"title":"EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANTS EXTRACT ON ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF AEDES AEGYPTI AND MUSCA DOMESTICA ADULTS","authors":"Naila Riaz","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v74i1-1.805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v74i1-1.805","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluated AChE inhibitory effect of three plants (Calotropis procera, Eucalyptus globulus and Mentha spicata) extract using Aedes aegypti and Musca domestica as model insects. The effect caused by plants was also compared with commonly used insecticides i.e., Chlorpyrifos. The WHO-recommended protocol was used for conducting bioassay tests against selected insects. Three different doses of plants extract were used. The mortality rate was assessed after 24 hours post-treatment. Using Ellman's assay, the AChE activity was determined by spectrophotometry at 412nm wavelength. There was a marked decline in the enzyme activity of treated groups compared to the control group. M. spicata treated groups proved to have high AChE inhibition power among three plants extract. While C. procera extract effectively control both Ae. aegypti and M. domestica. It is concluded that plants extract not only inhibits the AChE activity of insects but also controls them very proficiently.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89749752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hameed, S.Mahar, B.Das, A.R.Khumaini, A.Ullah, M.Jamil
Background: Chest radiograph interpretation can be aided by knowing the patient'sage. Patients’ age is often assessed by radiologists from costal cartilage calcification assessment ofchest radiographs with anteroposterior views. Objectives: Therefore, we performed this research todetermine the precision of these radiologists in age estimation from CXRs. Methods: Ten radiologyexperts were selected to evaluate 3500 chest digital radiography with posterior-anterior images, inNational Institute of Child Health Karachi/JSMU from January 2022 to 2023. The most importantinclusion criteria were selecting normal or nearly normal radiographs in the study. Radiologists wereblind to patients actual age and were requested to determine patient’s age to closest decade from CXR.The respondents entered their responses in separate Excel spreadsheets. Results: A sum of 3,500CXRs was interpreted by radiologists, out of which 32.14% CXRs were correctly interpreteddetermining age at SD + 3 years, whereas 2375 CXRs were either overrated or underestimated(p<0.05) and misinterpreted the age of patients (2375/3500; 67.85%). Conclusion: Overall ageassessment from a frontal CXR was only 32.14% in our study; considerable disparities were identifiedin age estimation using CXRs. Yet, it would be fascinating to expand this academic endeavor throughartificial intelligence tools and possibly improving the precision of patient age prediction from CXR.This approach for determining the age will be useful for screening tests in the prospect.
{"title":"ACCURACY OF PATIENTS AGE ASSESSMENT FROM FRONTAL CHEST RADIOGRAPHS","authors":"M. Hameed, S.Mahar, B.Das, A.R.Khumaini, A.Ullah, M.Jamil","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.819","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chest radiograph interpretation can be aided by knowing the patient'sage. Patients’ age is often assessed by radiologists from costal cartilage calcification assessment ofchest radiographs with anteroposterior views. Objectives: Therefore, we performed this research todetermine the precision of these radiologists in age estimation from CXRs. Methods: Ten radiologyexperts were selected to evaluate 3500 chest digital radiography with posterior-anterior images, inNational Institute of Child Health Karachi/JSMU from January 2022 to 2023. The most importantinclusion criteria were selecting normal or nearly normal radiographs in the study. Radiologists wereblind to patients actual age and were requested to determine patient’s age to closest decade from CXR.The respondents entered their responses in separate Excel spreadsheets. Results: A sum of 3,500CXRs was interpreted by radiologists, out of which 32.14% CXRs were correctly interpreteddetermining age at SD + 3 years, whereas 2375 CXRs were either overrated or underestimated(p<0.05) and misinterpreted the age of patients (2375/3500; 67.85%). Conclusion: Overall ageassessment from a frontal CXR was only 32.14% in our study; considerable disparities were identifiedin age estimation using CXRs. Yet, it would be fascinating to expand this academic endeavor throughartificial intelligence tools and possibly improving the precision of patient age prediction from CXR.This approach for determining the age will be useful for screening tests in the prospect.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85279408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Ali, M.Akram, M.A.Ali, M.Shoaib, M.Y.Khurshid, J.Iqbal, S.S.HShah, A.Khan, A.Mehboob
A field trial was conducted to gauge the impact of value added NPK fertilizer,Zarkhez Plus, (N:08%;P:23%; K;18%) and biologically activated Zinc coated Urea (BAZU) maize.Treatments consisted; Control (T1), Straight Fertilizers (DAP, MoP, Urea) (T2), Zarkhez Plus + BAZUas 1/3rd replacement of Urea (T3), Zarkhez Plus + BAZU as 2/3rd replacement of Urea (T4), andZarkhez Plus + BAZU as 1/3rd replacement of Urea (T5). Results suggested that plant height, stemgirth, rows cob-1, grains row-1, grains cob-1, thousand seed weight were significantly improved by theapplication of Zarkhez Plus and BAZU. Grain yield was increased upto 30% with the application ofZarkhez Plus and BAZU compared to straight fertilizers. Application of BAZU beyond 1/3rd of thetotal N requirement did not increase the grain yield significantly but improved grain quality withhigher Zn and K contents. Maize grain yield can be significantly increased with the application ofZerkhez Plus and replacing 1/3rd in-season N requirement with BAZU.
通过田间试验，测定了氮磷钾增值肥料Zarkhez Plus (N:08%;P:23%;K;18%)和生物活性锌包膜尿素(BAZU)玉米。治疗方法包括;对照(T1)、直肥(DAP、MoP、尿素)(T2)、Zarkhez Plus + bazu1 /3替代尿素(T3)、Zarkhez Plus + BAZU 2/3替代尿素(T4)、Zarkhez Plus + BAZU 1/3替代尿素(T5)。结果表明，施用扎克孜+和BAZU可显著提高水稻株高、茎长、行数1、粒数1、粒数1、千粒重。与直接施肥相比，施用zarkhez Plus和BAZU可使粮食产量提高30%。施用超过总氮需要量1/3的BAZU对产量的提高不显著，但对锌、钾含量较高的籽粒品质有改善作用。施用zerkhez Plus和以BAZU代替1/3的季氮需要量可显著提高玉米产量。
{"title":"VALUE ADDED FERTILIZERS AMELIORATE GRAIN YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF MAIZE CROP","authors":"Z. Ali, M.Akram, M.A.Ali, M.Shoaib, M.Y.Khurshid, J.Iqbal, S.S.HShah, A.Khan, A.Mehboob","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.821","url":null,"abstract":"A field trial was conducted to gauge the impact of value added NPK fertilizer,Zarkhez Plus, (N:08%;P:23%; K;18%) and biologically activated Zinc coated Urea (BAZU) maize.Treatments consisted; Control (T1), Straight Fertilizers (DAP, MoP, Urea) (T2), Zarkhez Plus + BAZUas 1/3rd replacement of Urea (T3), Zarkhez Plus + BAZU as 2/3rd replacement of Urea (T4), andZarkhez Plus + BAZU as 1/3rd replacement of Urea (T5). Results suggested that plant height, stemgirth, rows cob-1, grains row-1, grains cob-1, thousand seed weight were significantly improved by theapplication of Zarkhez Plus and BAZU. Grain yield was increased upto 30% with the application ofZarkhez Plus and BAZU compared to straight fertilizers. Application of BAZU beyond 1/3rd of thetotal N requirement did not increase the grain yield significantly but improved grain quality withhigher Zn and K contents. Maize grain yield can be significantly increased with the application ofZerkhez Plus and replacing 1/3rd in-season N requirement with BAZU.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"315 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80093288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Ullah, W.A.Khan, H.Mustafa, M.F.Sabar, S.F. H. Shah, S.G. Mohyuddin
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting a significant portion of thepopulation worldwide, including Pakistan. This study aimed to compare the demographic details ofasthmatic patients in the district of Sargodha, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300asthmatic patients attending two tertiary care hospitals in the district of Sargodha. Data on age, gender,residence, occupation, education, and family history of asthma were collected through a structuredquestionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. The majority of the patients werefemales (54.7%), and the mean age was 38.5 years. Most of the patients were from rural areas (61.3%),and the majority were housewives (38%). A significant association was found between gender andoccupation (p<0.05). Moreover, a positive family history of asthma was reported by 28.7% of thepatients. The findings of this study suggest that asthma is more prevalent among females and peopleliving in rural areas in the district of Sargodha. The high percentage of positive family history indicatesa genetic predisposition to the disease. These results could be helpful for the development of effectiveasthma management strategies in the region.
{"title":"DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS COMPARISON OF ASTHMATIC PATIENTS IN THE DISTRICT OF SARGODHA","authors":"U. Ullah, W.A.Khan, H.Mustafa, M.F.Sabar, S.F. H. Shah, S.G. Mohyuddin","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.823","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting a significant portion of thepopulation worldwide, including Pakistan. This study aimed to compare the demographic details ofasthmatic patients in the district of Sargodha, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300asthmatic patients attending two tertiary care hospitals in the district of Sargodha. Data on age, gender,residence, occupation, education, and family history of asthma were collected through a structuredquestionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. The majority of the patients werefemales (54.7%), and the mean age was 38.5 years. Most of the patients were from rural areas (61.3%),and the majority were housewives (38%). A significant association was found between gender andoccupation (p<0.05). Moreover, a positive family history of asthma was reported by 28.7% of thepatients. The findings of this study suggest that asthma is more prevalent among females and peopleliving in rural areas in the district of Sargodha. The high percentage of positive family history indicatesa genetic predisposition to the disease. These results could be helpful for the development of effectiveasthma management strategies in the region.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80723396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the research was to investigate/assess the water quality standardaccording to WHO because the study area of research was a canal distributary of 32 cusec dischargefor the period of 25 years up to 1972 and thereafter sewage remained flowing period for 50 years. In2021 PHE Department converted to 42” Ø sewer pipe and polluted water Nallah up to Noshehra Roadand constructed a metaled road. The seepage water samples were collected and tested by the NoshehraRoad Laboratory. Accordingly, the results identified the water-borne diseases, metals, chemical,biological, fecal, and E-coli bacteria. It was therefore necessary to research the causes of diseases forthe safety of health care. Drinking water remedial measures were asked of Health Deptt and otherconcerned Authorities related to Gujranwala City. The quality of water was assessed by comparingWHO standards. The seepage water contaminated was obtained through hand pumps and dug wellsbefore Municipal water distribution through overhead reservoirs (OHR) duly chlorinated by PublicHealth Engg Department now WASA and the Municipal Corporation. There are certain industries,falling untreated effluents in drains, causing cancer and other fatal diseases, through agricultural foods,due to sullage water irrigating the vegetables, in the vicinity of subrubs area of the city.
{"title":"STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK OF GROUND WATER QUALITY FOR HEALTH CARE ALONG JINNAH ROAD GUJRANWALA CITY","authors":"M. Y. Raza, I.Ahmed, M.Ilyas","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.832","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to investigate/assess the water quality standardaccording to WHO because the study area of research was a canal distributary of 32 cusec dischargefor the period of 25 years up to 1972 and thereafter sewage remained flowing period for 50 years. In2021 PHE Department converted to 42” Ø sewer pipe and polluted water Nallah up to Noshehra Roadand constructed a metaled road. The seepage water samples were collected and tested by the NoshehraRoad Laboratory. Accordingly, the results identified the water-borne diseases, metals, chemical,biological, fecal, and E-coli bacteria. It was therefore necessary to research the causes of diseases forthe safety of health care. Drinking water remedial measures were asked of Health Deptt and otherconcerned Authorities related to Gujranwala City. The quality of water was assessed by comparingWHO standards. The seepage water contaminated was obtained through hand pumps and dug wellsbefore Municipal water distribution through overhead reservoirs (OHR) duly chlorinated by PublicHealth Engg Department now WASA and the Municipal Corporation. There are certain industries,falling untreated effluents in drains, causing cancer and other fatal diseases, through agricultural foods,due to sullage water irrigating the vegetables, in the vicinity of subrubs area of the city.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80731924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. W. Ali, M. Rehan, H. Zahid, M. Safwan, S. A. Syed, F. A. Siddiqui
There is a tremendous demand on the critical care resources due to the extensivespread of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic and the large number of patients requiring critical care.The efficacy of a device directly influences how long a patient lives since patients are often receivingcritical care. Smart infusion pump is a medical device that can drip fluids into the patient's body. Thisdevice is considered as one of the most safety-critical medical devices due to the way it functions andthe risks it presents. The main objective of this work is to develop an affordable infusion pump usingembedded technology. The main tactic is to develop equipment that can identify air bubbles in infusionpump tubing since even a little one might obstruct blood flow and result in mortality. This method mayprovide consumers an accurate result, making it the greatest method for identifying bubbles and savinglives.
{"title":"WORKING PRINCIPLE AND INTELLIGENCE OF SMART INFUSION PUMP","authors":"S. W. Ali, M. Rehan, H. Zahid, M. Safwan, S. A. Syed, F. A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.829","url":null,"abstract":"There is a tremendous demand on the critical care resources due to the extensivespread of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic and the large number of patients requiring critical care.The efficacy of a device directly influences how long a patient lives since patients are often receivingcritical care. Smart infusion pump is a medical device that can drip fluids into the patient's body. Thisdevice is considered as one of the most safety-critical medical devices due to the way it functions andthe risks it presents. The main objective of this work is to develop an affordable infusion pump usingembedded technology. The main tactic is to develop equipment that can identify air bubbles in infusionpump tubing since even a little one might obstruct blood flow and result in mortality. This method mayprovide consumers an accurate result, making it the greatest method for identifying bubbles and savinglives.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81005171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Amjad, S.A.Shirazi, F.Sarwar, R.W.Aslam, S.Kousar
The research is aimed at evaluating the process of urbanization and it’s spatio-temporal impacts on albedo and the changing climate of the Punjab. Climate change in urban areas has become a public focal point, as urban development in our present-day environment is one of the mostcritical aspects of human activities. The shift in the reflective properties of the surface is one of theparticular climatic consequences of urbanization which most researchers have overlooked (Albedo).Changes in urbanized land surface properties resulted in a global, regional, and local changes inbiochemical cycles and environment. This analysis aims to identify the urban land use of the 1990-2018 study area (decadal) and evaluate Albedo and Climatic Variables' trends over the selected region.This study will provide a complete code of classification in Google Earth Engine for researchers. InGoogle Earth Engine, the classification technique was utilized to detect urban areas and barren landcover types by applying coding over four images of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018 of Punjab Province.The Albedo maps were created in the same way for the years 2000 and 2018. Climatic maps werecreated from 1990 to 2018 by applying the Inverse Distance Weighted method in a GIS system. Therehas been an apparent increase in the urban area of Punjab Province from 1990 to 2018. The urban areahas increased from 1183.5342 km2 to 8396.4618 km2 during the study period. Results from climaticmaps showed hotspots in the areas that have undergone urbanization. Overall, the accuracy of theclassification images was 81-88 percent, which was foremost to achieve the objectives of the research.
{"title":"APPRAISAL OF URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE ALBEDO AND CLIMATE CHANGE OF THE PUNJAB-PAKISTAN: A SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS","authors":"D. Amjad, S.A.Shirazi, F.Sarwar, R.W.Aslam, S.Kousar","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.827","url":null,"abstract":"The research is aimed at evaluating the process of urbanization and it’s spatio-temporal impacts on albedo and the changing climate of the Punjab. Climate change in urban areas has \u0000become a public focal point, as urban development in our present-day environment is one of the mostcritical aspects of human activities. The shift in the reflective properties of the surface is one of theparticular climatic consequences of urbanization which most researchers have overlooked (Albedo).Changes in urbanized land surface properties resulted in a global, regional, and local changes inbiochemical cycles and environment. This analysis aims to identify the urban land use of the 1990-2018 study area (decadal) and evaluate Albedo and Climatic Variables' trends over the selected region.This study will provide a complete code of classification in Google Earth Engine for researchers. InGoogle Earth Engine, the classification technique was utilized to detect urban areas and barren landcover types by applying coding over four images of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018 of Punjab Province.The Albedo maps were created in the same way for the years 2000 and 2018. Climatic maps werecreated from 1990 to 2018 by applying the Inverse Distance Weighted method in a GIS system. Therehas been an apparent increase in the urban area of Punjab Province from 1990 to 2018. The urban areahas increased from 1183.5342 km2 to 8396.4618 km2 during the study period. Results from climaticmaps showed hotspots in the areas that have undergone urbanization. Overall, the accuracy of theclassification images was 81-88 percent, which was foremost to achieve the objectives of the research.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91077224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, with the use of mobile devices everywhere and with the success of cloudcomputing, the concept of mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been introduced. MCC is anincorporation of cloud computing into the mobile environment. In MCC, computing resources such asmemory, processing and storage are not actually present at the device of user. Instead, these resourcesare moved on to a remote location known as cloud and are owned by some service provider. The useraccesses these resources through internet. The advantages associated with MCC are low initialinvestment by a user, low cost of operation and maintenance. There are also several problems relatedto the MCC which are limited battery life, storage and bandwidth, diverse operating systems of mobiledevices and security. Various solutions for MCC problems have been developed with their ownadvantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a survey of MCC, its architecture, its problems andexisting solution of those problems and advantages and disadvantages of different solutions.
{"title":"A SURVEY ON MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS","authors":"A Wajid, N. Nigar, S. Islam, M. K. Shahzad","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.824","url":null,"abstract":"Today, with the use of mobile devices everywhere and with the success of cloudcomputing, the concept of mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been introduced. MCC is anincorporation of cloud computing into the mobile environment. In MCC, computing resources such asmemory, processing and storage are not actually present at the device of user. Instead, these resourcesare moved on to a remote location known as cloud and are owned by some service provider. The useraccesses these resources through internet. The advantages associated with MCC are low initialinvestment by a user, low cost of operation and maintenance. There are also several problems relatedto the MCC which are limited battery life, storage and bandwidth, diverse operating systems of mobiledevices and security. Various solutions for MCC problems have been developed with their ownadvantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a survey of MCC, its architecture, its problems andexisting solution of those problems and advantages and disadvantages of different solutions.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86636265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Muneer, M. Arshad, G. Abbas, Maria Arshad, K. Munir, A. Iqbal, A. Mustafa, Q. Amin, M. A. Khan, R. A. M. Qureshi, Suhaila-al-Sheboul, F. Siddique, S. Tamim, I. A. Sheikh, Q. U. Ain, U. Mahboob, S. Jaffery, A. J. Tanveer, Abdulbasit
This review focuses on the characteristics of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)including virus structure, ecoepidemiology and pathophysiology, signs and symptoms in infectedpeople, and data on virus pathogenicity, severity, and survivability in COVID-19 infected patients. Theemphasis is on immunological reactions, diagnosis, prophylactic methods, and the zoonoticsignificance of COVID-19. The authors feel that the review's contents will be valuable toepidemiologists, virologists, public health officials, diagnosticians, laboratory workers,environmentalists, and socioeconomic experts. It has information on the many types of coronavirusvariants, the disease situation in Pakistan and the WHO criteria for COVID-19 prevention is given.Moreover, lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic are also outlined.
{"title":"INSIGHT OF PANDEMIC COVID-19: DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES","authors":"M. A. Muneer, M. Arshad, G. Abbas, Maria Arshad, K. Munir, A. Iqbal, A. Mustafa, Q. Amin, M. A. Khan, R. A. M. Qureshi, Suhaila-al-Sheboul, F. Siddique, S. Tamim, I. A. Sheikh, Q. U. Ain, U. Mahboob, S. Jaffery, A. J. Tanveer, Abdulbasit","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.831","url":null,"abstract":"This review focuses on the characteristics of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)including virus structure, ecoepidemiology and pathophysiology, signs and symptoms in infectedpeople, and data on virus pathogenicity, severity, and survivability in COVID-19 infected patients. Theemphasis is on immunological reactions, diagnosis, prophylactic methods, and the zoonoticsignificance of COVID-19. The authors feel that the review's contents will be valuable toepidemiologists, virologists, public health officials, diagnosticians, laboratory workers,environmentalists, and socioeconomic experts. It has information on the many types of coronavirusvariants, the disease situation in Pakistan and the WHO criteria for COVID-19 prevention is given.Moreover, lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic are also outlined.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87001195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently dust storms are among the most prevalent global environmental issues.They are the early warning indicators for desertification and climate change. The study intends toanalyse dust event in Pakistan using normalized dust detection index (NDDI), brightness temperature(BT) and MODIS data of aerosol optical depth (AOD), deep blue angstrom exponent (AE), aerosolindex (AI) and HYSPLIT mass trajectory methods. It also highlighted the relationship between NDDI,BT and AOD. The threshold value of NDDI was 0.19 - 0.36 and BT ≤ 310.5 K. Data from CALIPSO,NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets were used to validate research’s findings. The results found NDDIand BT value for Pakistan and track the movement of dust storm from west to east especially at theheight of 5-10km. Dust storms are inversely proportional to relative humidity and pressure.
{"title":"A CASE STUDY OF DUST STORM EVENTS IN PAKISTAN USING NORMALIZED DUST DETECTION INDEX","authors":"H. Yaqub, I.Younes, K. Mahmood, S. Mahmood","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.825","url":null,"abstract":"Currently dust storms are among the most prevalent global environmental issues.They are the early warning indicators for desertification and climate change. The study intends toanalyse dust event in Pakistan using normalized dust detection index (NDDI), brightness temperature(BT) and MODIS data of aerosol optical depth (AOD), deep blue angstrom exponent (AE), aerosolindex (AI) and HYSPLIT mass trajectory methods. It also highlighted the relationship between NDDI,BT and AOD. The threshold value of NDDI was 0.19 - 0.36 and BT ≤ 310.5 K. Data from CALIPSO,NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets were used to validate research’s findings. The results found NDDIand BT value for Pakistan and track the movement of dust storm from west to east especially at theheight of 5-10km. Dust storms are inversely proportional to relative humidity and pressure.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79476941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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