Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106033
Spodoptera frugiperda has emerged as a major invasive pest worldwide. The utilization of chemical pesticides not only poses numerous ecological concerns but also fosters resistance in S. frugiperda. In this study, we designed and synthesized three novel thiothiazolidinone compounds (6a, 7b, and 7e) and incorporated innovative thiothiazolidinone structural elements into the piperine skeleton. Treatment with compounds 6a and 7e resulted in the blackening and agglomeration of oviduct eggs within the ovaries of certain female moths, impeding the release of normal eggs. The levels of vitellogenin and vitellogenin receptor, along with three trehalase inhibitors, exhibited a dynamic equilibrium state, leading to no discernible change in egg production but a notable increase in the generation of low-hatching-rate egg fragments. Compared with the injection of 2%DMSO, the eclosion rate of 6a injection was significantly decreased, as followed the spawning time and longevity were prolonged or significantly prolonged in the trehalase inhibitors of 6a, 7b, and 7e. We aimed to investigate the regulatory impacts of three new pepper thiothiazolidinone compounds on the reproduction of S. frugiperda, and to authenticate the efficacy of novel alginase inhibitors in inhibiting the reproduction of S. frugiperda. This research endeavors to aid in the identification of efficient and steadfast trehalase inhibitors, thereby expediting the research and development of potent biological pesticides.
恙虫已成为全球主要的入侵害虫。化学杀虫剂的使用不仅带来了许多生态问题,而且还助长了鞘翅目害虫的抗药性。在这项研究中,我们设计并合成了三种新型硫代噻唑啉酮化合物(6a、7b 和 7e),并在哌啶骨架中加入了创新的硫代噻唑啉酮结构元素。用化合物 6a 和 7e 处理某些雌蛾,会导致其卵巢内的输卵管卵变黑和聚集,阻碍正常卵的排出。卵黄素和卵黄素受体的水平以及三种三卤化酶抑制剂呈现出一种动态平衡状态,导致产卵量没有明显变化,但低孵化率卵碎片的生成量明显增加。与注射 2%DMSO 相比,注射 6a 的破卵率显著下降,6a、7b 和 7e 的产卵时间和寿命也随之延长或显著延长。我们的目的是研究三种新型胡椒噻噻唑啉酮化合物对节肢动物繁殖的调控影响,并验证新型藻类酶抑制剂对节肢动物繁殖的抑制作用。这项研究致力于帮助鉴定高效、稳定的噻螨酮抑制剂,从而加快高效生物农药的研究和开发。
{"title":"Regulation of three novel pepper thiothiazolidinones on the fecundity of Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> has emerged as a major invasive pest worldwide. The utilization of chemical pesticides not only poses numerous ecological concerns but also fosters resistance in <em>S. frugiperda</em>. In this study, we designed and synthesized three novel thiothiazolidinone compounds (6a, 7b, and 7e) and incorporated innovative thiothiazolidinone structural elements into the piperine skeleton. Treatment with compounds 6a and 7e resulted in the blackening and agglomeration of oviduct eggs within the ovaries of certain female moths, impeding the release of normal eggs. The levels of vitellogenin and vitellogenin receptor, along with three trehalase inhibitors, exhibited a dynamic equilibrium state, leading to no discernible change in egg production but a notable increase in the generation of low-hatching-rate egg fragments. Compared with the injection of 2%DMSO, the eclosion rate of 6a injection was significantly decreased, as followed the spawning time and longevity were prolonged or significantly prolonged in the trehalase inhibitors of 6a, 7b, and 7e. We aimed to investigate the regulatory impacts of three new pepper thiothiazolidinone compounds on the reproduction of <em>S. frugiperda</em>, and to authenticate the efficacy of novel alginase inhibitors in inhibiting the reproduction of <em>S. frugiperda</em>. This research endeavors to aid in the identification of efficient and steadfast trehalase inhibitors, thereby expediting the research and development of potent biological pesticides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106046
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a major pathogen that threatens the growth and sustainability of the sericultural industry. Currently, accumulated studies showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the genesis and progression of various viruses and host-pathogens interactions. However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in insect-virus interaction are still limited. In this study, transcriptome sequencing and ribosome profiling sequencing (Ribo-seq) were performed in the BmNPV-infected midgut and control tissue, and a total of 9 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 27 small ORFs (sORFs) with micropeptide coding potential were identified. Among them, lncRNA XR_001139971.3 (lnc557) is verified to be significantly up-regulated upon BmNPV infection and may have the potential to encode a small peptide (ORF-674). The subcellular localization experiment showed that lnc557 was expressed in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of lnc557 promotes BmNPV replication and vice versa. By combining RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, protein truncation and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, we confirmed that lnc557 can bind to the RRM-5 domain of BmELAVL1 protein. Subsequently, we found that lnc557 could promote the expression of BmELAVL1 by enhancing the stability of BmELAVL1. Further, enhancing the expression of BmELAVL1 can promote the proliferation of BmNPV, while knockdown shows the opposite effect. Our data suggest that lnc557-mediated BmELAVL1 expression enhancement could play a positive role in BmNPV replication, which will provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism of interaction between Bombyx mori and virus.
{"title":"Lnc557 promotes Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication by interacting with BmELAVL1 to enhance its stability and expression","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Bombyx mori</em> nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a major pathogen that threatens the growth and sustainability of the sericultural industry. Currently, accumulated studies showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the genesis and progression of various viruses and host-pathogens interactions. However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in insect-virus interaction are still limited. In this study, transcriptome sequencing and ribosome profiling sequencing (Ribo-seq) were performed in the BmNPV-infected midgut and control tissue, and a total of 9 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 27 small ORFs (sORFs) with micropeptide coding potential were identified. Among them, lncRNA XR_001139971.3 (lnc557) is verified to be significantly up-regulated upon BmNPV infection and may have the potential to encode a small peptide (ORF-674). The subcellular localization experiment showed that lnc557 was expressed in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of lnc557 promotes BmNPV replication and vice versa. By combining RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, protein truncation and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, we confirmed that lnc557 can bind to the RRM-5 domain of BmELAVL1 protein. Subsequently, we found that lnc557 could promote the expression of BmELAVL1 by enhancing the stability of BmELAVL1. Further, enhancing the expression of BmELAVL1 can promote the proliferation of BmNPV, while knockdown shows the opposite effect. Our data suggest that lnc557-mediated BmELAVL1 expression enhancement could play a positive role in BmNPV replication, which will provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism of interaction between <em>Bombyx mori</em> and virus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141941343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106041
Benzothiadiazole (BTH) regulates grape development, ripening, volatiles, and phenolics. This study used metabolomics and transcriptomics to understand how exogenous BTH affects Chardonnay grapes' maturation and synthesis of isoprenoids. A 0.37 mM BTH solution was sprayed during the swelling and veraison stages, and then the ripe grapes were analyzed. Our results show that BTH application significantly increased levels of important isoprenoids such as free terpinen-4-ol, bound linalool, and 8′-apo-β-carotenal. Additionally, BTH was found to modulate several signaling pathways, including those involved in ethylene biosynthesis, salicylic acid synthesis, the abscisic acid pathway, and sugar metabolism, by regulating the expression of genes like VvACO4, VvTAR, VvPLD, VvTIP1–1, VvSTKs, VvPK, VvSUC2, VvGST4, and VvSTS. BTH also promoted grapevine resistance by up-regulating the expression of VvHSP20, VvGOLS4, VvOLP, and VvPR-10. Furthermore, BTH affected isoprenoids biosynthesis by regulating the expression of VvTPS35 and VvMYB24. Moreover, 13 hub genes in the MEgreen module were identified as crucial for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids. BTH application during the swelling stage remarkably promoted isoprenoid biosynthesis more effectively than veraison. Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying BTH-induced regulation of grape development and offers a promising approach for enhancing the quality and resistance of grapes.
{"title":"Transcriptome and metabolite profiles reveal the role of benzothiadiazole in controlling isoprenoid synthesis and berry ripening in chardonnay grapes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Benzothiadiazole (BTH) regulates grape development, ripening, volatiles, and phenolics. This study used metabolomics and transcriptomics to understand how exogenous BTH affects Chardonnay grapes' maturation and synthesis of isoprenoids. A 0.37 mM BTH solution was sprayed during the swelling and veraison stages, and then the ripe grapes were analyzed. Our results show that BTH application significantly increased levels of important isoprenoids such as free terpinen-4-ol, bound linalool, and 8′-apo-<em>β</em>-carotenal. Additionally, BTH was found to modulate several signaling pathways, including those involved in ethylene biosynthesis, salicylic acid synthesis, the abscisic acid pathway, and sugar metabolism, by regulating the expression of genes like <em>VvACO4</em>, <em>VvTAR</em>, <em>VvPLD</em>, <em>VvTIP1–1</em>, <em>VvSTKs</em>, <em>VvPK</em>, <em>VvSUC2</em>, <em>VvGST4</em>, and <em>VvSTS</em>. BTH also promoted grapevine resistance by up-regulating the expression of <em>VvHSP20</em>, <em>VvGOLS4</em>, <em>VvOLP,</em> and <em>VvPR-10</em>. Furthermore, BTH affected isoprenoids biosynthesis by regulating the expression of <em>VvTPS35</em> and <em>VvMYB24</em>. Moreover, 13 hub genes in the MEgreen module were identified as crucial for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids. BTH application during the swelling stage remarkably promoted isoprenoid biosynthesis more effectively than veraison. Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying BTH-induced regulation of grape development and offers a promising approach for enhancing the quality and resistance of grapes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106044
Arecoline (ACL), an active constituent derived from Areca catechu L., exerts various pharmacological effects and serves as a potential plant-based insecticide. However, the effects of ACL on Spodoptera litura, an important and widely distributed agricultural pest, remain unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying ACL-induced toxicity and its inhibitory effects on larval growth and development through intestinal pathology observations, intestinal transcriptome sequencing, intestinal digestive enzyme activity analysis. The results indicated that ACL exposure leads to pathological alterations in the S. litura midgut. Furthermore, the detection of digestive enzyme activity revealed that ACL inhibits the activities of acetyl CoA carboxylase, lipase, α-amylase, and trypsin. Simultaneously, upregulation of superoxide dismutase activity and downregulation of malondialdehyde levels were observed after ACL exposure. Transcriptome analysis identified 1118 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in the midgut after ACL exposure, potentially related to ACL toxic effects. Notably, ACL treatment downregulated key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, such as fatty acid binding protein 2-like, pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase-like, pancreatic lipid-related protein 2-like, and fatty acid binding protein 1-like. Taken together, these results suggest that ACL induces midgut damage and impedes larval growth by suppressing digestive enzyme activity in the intestine. These findings can aid in the development of environmentally friendly plant-derived insecticides, utilizing ACL to effectively combat S. litura proliferation.
阿瑞科林(ACL)是从儿茶属植物 Areca catechu L. 提取的一种活性成分,具有多种药理作用,是一种潜在的植物杀虫剂。然而,ACL 对一种重要的、广泛分布的农业害虫--斑潜蝇(Spodoptera litura)的影响仍然未知。本研究旨在通过肠道病理学观察、肠道转录组测序、肠道消化酶活性分析,阐明ACL诱导毒性及其抑制幼虫生长发育的机制。结果表明,接触 ACL 会导致 S. litura 中肠发生病理改变。此外,消化酶活性检测显示,ACL会抑制乙酰辅酶羧化酶、脂肪酶、α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性。同时,观察到接触 ACL 后超氧化物歧化酶活性上调,丙二醛水平下调。转录组分析确定了 1118 个基因,这些基因在接触 ACL 后在中肠中有显著差异表达,可能与 ACL 的毒性效应有关。值得注意的是,ACL处理下调了参与脂质代谢的关键酶,如脂肪酸结合蛋白2-like、胰腺三酰甘油脂肪酶-like、胰腺脂质相关蛋白2-like和脂肪酸结合蛋白1-like。总之,这些结果表明,ACL 通过抑制肠道中消化酶的活性,诱导中肠损伤并阻碍幼虫生长。这些发现有助于开发环境友好型植物源杀虫剂,利用 ACL 有效应对 S. litura 的增殖。
{"title":"Arecoline inhibits the growth of Spodoptera litura by inducing intestinal metabolic dysfunction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arecoline (ACL), an active constituent derived from <em>Areca catechu L</em>., exerts various pharmacological effects and serves as a potential plant-based insecticide. However, the effects of ACL on <em>Spodoptera litura</em>, an important and widely distributed agricultural pest, remain unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying ACL-induced toxicity and its inhibitory effects on larval growth and development through intestinal pathology observations, intestinal transcriptome sequencing, intestinal digestive enzyme activity analysis. The results indicated that ACL exposure leads to pathological alterations in the <em>S. litura</em> midgut. Furthermore, the detection of digestive enzyme activity revealed that ACL inhibits the activities of acetyl CoA carboxylase, lipase, α-amylase, and trypsin. Simultaneously, upregulation of superoxide dismutase activity and downregulation of malondialdehyde levels were observed after ACL exposure. Transcriptome analysis identified 1118 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in the midgut after ACL exposure, potentially related to ACL toxic effects. Notably, ACL treatment downregulated key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, such as fatty acid binding protein 2-like, pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase-like, pancreatic lipid-related protein 2-like, and fatty acid binding protein 1-like. Taken together, these results suggest that ACL induces midgut damage and impedes larval growth by suppressing digestive enzyme activity in the intestine. These findings can aid in the development of environmentally friendly plant-derived insecticides, utilizing ACL to effectively combat <em>S. litura</em> proliferation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106042
Rhizoctonia solani is a widespread and devastating soil-borne plant fungal pathogen that causes diseases, including rice sheath blight, which are difficult to control. Some mycoviruses are potential biocontrol agents for the control of fungal diseases. In order to investigate the factors that influence the virulence of R. solani and search for mycoviruses with the potential for biocontrol of R. solani, a rice-infecting R. solani strain, ZJXD1–1, was isolated and confirmed to contain eight mycoviruses via dsRNA extraction and high-throughput sequencing. The identified mycoviruses belong to families of Endornaviridae (RsEV11 and RsEV12) and Mitoviridae (RsMV125 to RsMV129), and an unclassified Toti-like clade (RsTLV1). The C39 domain in RsEV12, which shares a close evolutionary relationship with bacteria, is observed for the first time in a mycovirus. Strains with different virus combinations were obtained through viral horizontal transfer, and pathogenicity test deduced that the Endornaviruses RsEV11 and RsEV12, and Mitovirus RsMV129 might potentially enhance the pathogenicity of R. solani, while RsMV125 might reduce the virulence or interfere with the function of other Mitoviruses. Furthermore, virus curing via protoplast regeneration and viral horizontal transfer demonstrated that RsMV129 is the causal agent of R. solani hypervirulence. Overall, our study provided the resource pool of viruses that may contribute to the discovery of new biocontrol agents against R. solani and enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of R. solani regulated by mycoviruses.
{"title":"A pooled mycoviral resource in a strain of Rhizoctonia solani are regulators of fungal virulence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> is a widespread and devastating soil-borne plant fungal pathogen that causes diseases, including rice sheath blight, which are difficult to control<em>.</em> Some mycoviruses are potential biocontrol agents for the control of fungal diseases. In order to investigate the factors that influence the virulence of <em>R. solani</em> and search for mycoviruses with the potential for biocontrol of <em>R. solani</em>, a rice-infecting <em>R. solani</em> strain, ZJXD1–1, was isolated and confirmed to contain eight mycoviruses via dsRNA extraction and high-throughput sequencing. The identified mycoviruses belong to families of <em>Endornaviridae</em> (RsEV11 and RsEV12) and <em>Mitoviridae</em> (RsMV125 to RsMV129), and an unclassified Toti-like clade (RsTLV1). The C39 domain in RsEV12, which shares a close evolutionary relationship with bacteria, is observed for the first time in a mycovirus. Strains with different virus combinations were obtained through viral horizontal transfer, and pathogenicity test deduced that the <em>Endornaviruses</em> RsEV11 and RsEV12, and <em>Mitovirus</em> RsMV129 might potentially enhance the pathogenicity of <em>R. solani</em>, while RsMV125 might reduce the virulence or interfere with the function of other <em>Mitoviruses</em>. Furthermore, virus curing via protoplast regeneration and viral horizontal transfer demonstrated that RsMV129 is the causal agent of <em>R. solani</em> hypervirulence. Overall, our study provided the resource pool of viruses that may contribute to the discovery of new biocontrol agents against <em>R. solani</em> and enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of <em>R. solani</em> regulated by mycoviruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106037
Plastid-mediated RNA interference has emerged as a promising and effective approach for pest management. By expressing high levels of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in plastid that target essential pest genes, it has been demonstrated to effectively control certain herbivorous beetles and spider mites. However, as plants are sessile organisms, they frequently experience a combination of biotic and abiotic stresses. It remains unclear whether abiotic stress, such as drought stress, influences the accumulation of dsRNAs produced in plastids and its effectiveness in controlling pests. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on dsACT expression in transplastomic poplar plants and its control efficiency against the willow leaf beetle (Plagiodera versicolora). Our findings revealed that drought stress did not significantly affect the dsRNA contents in transplastomic poplar plants, but it did lead to higher mortality of insect larvae. This increased mortality may be attributed to increased levels of jasmonic acid and cysteine proteinase inhibitor induced by water deficit. These results contribute to understanding of the mechanisms linking water deficit in plants to insect performance and provide valuable insights for implementing appropriate pest control strategies under drought stress conditions.
{"title":"Drought stress enhances plastid-mediated RNA interference for efficient the willow leaf beetle management","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastid-mediated RNA interference has emerged as a promising and effective approach for pest management. By expressing high levels of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in plastid that target essential pest genes, it has been demonstrated to effectively control certain herbivorous beetles and spider mites. However, as plants are sessile organisms, they frequently experience a combination of biotic and abiotic stresses. It remains unclear whether abiotic stress, such as drought stress, influences the accumulation of dsRNAs produced in plastids and its effectiveness in controlling pests. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on ds<em>ACT</em> expression in transplastomic poplar plants and its control efficiency against the willow leaf beetle (<em>Plagiodera versicolora</em>). Our findings revealed that drought stress did not significantly affect the dsRNA contents in transplastomic poplar plants, but it did lead to higher mortality of insect larvae. This increased mortality may be attributed to increased levels of jasmonic acid and cysteine proteinase inhibitor induced by water deficit. These results contribute to understanding of the mechanisms linking water deficit in plants to insect performance and provide valuable insights for implementing appropriate pest control strategies under drought stress conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106043
Pesticides are commonly used in agriculture and aquaculture. Triazophos, an organophosphate-based pesticide, is widely used in agriculture to control many insect pests. Due to its high photochemical stability and mode of action, Triazophos could persist in the aquatic ecosystem and cause toxic effects on non-target organisms. We have studied the potential toxic effects of Triazophos on L. rohita. Primarily, we determined the median lethal concentration (LC50) of Triazophos for 24 and 96 h. Next, we studied acute (96 h, LC50–96 h) toxicity. Then, we studied chronic (35 days, 1/10th LC50–24 h Treatment I: 0.609 mg/L, 1/5th LC50–96 h Treatment II: 1.044 mg/L) toxicity. We analyzed blood biomarkers such as hematology (Hb, Hct, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC), prolactin, cortisol, glucose and protein levels. Concurrently, we analyzed tissue biomarkers such as glycogen, GOT, GPT, LDH and histopathology. IBRv2 index assessment method was also to evaluate the Triazophos toxicity. Studied hematological, hormonal, biochemical and enzymological biomarkers were affected in Triazophos treated groups when compare to the control group. The changes in these biomarkers were statistically significant at the 0.05 alpha level. Triazophos exposed fish shown a severe degenerated primary and secondary lamellae, lamellar fusion, hypertrophy and telangiectasia in the gills. In the hepatic tissue, it caused moderate necrosis, blood congestion, distended sinusoids with minor vacuolation, prominent pyknotic nuclei, hypertrophy, cloudy swelling of cells, lipid accumulation and fibrotic lesions. In the renal tissue, Triazophos caused thickening of Bowman's capsule, hyaline droplets degeneration, irregular renal corpuscle, congestion, cellular swelling, degeneration of tubular epithelium, necrosis, shrunken glomerulus, vacuolated glomerulus, hypertrophy, exudate and edema. IBRv2 analysis suggested that tissue biomarkers are highly sensitive to Triazophos toxicity and prolonged exposure could cause serious health effects like acute toxicity in fish. Triazophos could cause multiorgan toxicity at studied concentrations.
{"title":"Impact of continuous Triazophos exposure on Labeo rohita: Physiological, biochemical, and histological alterations and IBRv2 index assessment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pesticides are commonly used in agriculture and aquaculture. Triazophos, an organophosphate-based pesticide, is widely used in agriculture to control many insect pests. Due to its high photochemical stability and mode of action, Triazophos could persist in the aquatic ecosystem and cause toxic effects on non-target organisms. We have studied the potential toxic effects of Triazophos on <em>L</em>. <em>rohita</em>. Primarily, we determined the median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) of Triazophos for 24 and 96 h. Next, we studied acute (96 h, LC<sub>50–96 h</sub>) toxicity. Then, we studied chronic (35 days, 1/10<sup>th</sup> LC<sub>50–24 h</sub> Treatment I: 0.609 mg/L, 1/5<sup>th</sup> LC<sub>50–96 h</sub> Treatment II: 1.044 mg/L) toxicity. We analyzed blood biomarkers such as hematology (Hb, Hct, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC), prolactin, cortisol, glucose and protein levels. Concurrently, we analyzed tissue biomarkers such as glycogen, GOT, GPT, LDH and histopathology. IBRv2 index assessment method was also to evaluate the Triazophos toxicity. Studied hematological, hormonal, biochemical and enzymological biomarkers were affected in Triazophos treated groups when compare to the control group. The changes in these biomarkers were statistically significant at the 0.05 alpha level. Triazophos exposed fish shown a severe degenerated primary and secondary lamellae, lamellar fusion, hypertrophy and telangiectasia in the gills. In the hepatic tissue, it caused moderate necrosis, blood congestion, distended sinusoids with minor vacuolation, prominent pyknotic nuclei, hypertrophy, cloudy swelling of cells, lipid accumulation and fibrotic lesions. In the renal tissue, Triazophos caused thickening of Bowman's capsule, hyaline droplets degeneration, irregular renal corpuscle, congestion, cellular swelling, degeneration of tubular epithelium, necrosis, shrunken glomerulus, vacuolated glomerulus, hypertrophy, exudate and edema. IBRv2 analysis suggested that tissue biomarkers are highly sensitive to Triazophos toxicity and prolonged exposure could cause serious health effects like acute toxicity in fish. Triazophos could cause multiorgan toxicity at studied concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106038
Weed resistance to a range of herbicides has rapidly evolved, often with different mechanisms of action. The resulting uninhibited growth of weeds poses demonstrable threats to crop production and sustainable agriculture. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., a troublesome weed in corn and other agricultural fields, has developed resistance to herbicides that inhibiting ALS (Acetolactate Synthase), such as nicosulfuron. Understanding the weed's resistance patterns and mechanisms is crucial. However, little is known of the non-target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms of D. sanguinalis owing to a lack of relevant genome sequences and other materials. Therefore, in this study, a population of D.sanguinalis presenting multiple resistance was tested and found that its high level of resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides was not associated with target-related alterations.Administration of P450 inhibitors reversed the resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Following the application of ALS-inhibiting herbicides, the activities of NADPH-P450 reductase and p-nitroanisole O-demethylase (PNOD) were notably greater in the resistant population of D. sanguinalis than those in the susceptible population. The results suggested P450 enzyme familyplays a major role in the metabolic resistance mechanism, that increased P450 enzyme activity promote cross-resistance in D. sanguinalis to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. RNA-seq analysis showed that five genes from the P450 family (CYP709B2, CYP714C2, CYP71A1, CYP76C2, and CYP81E8) were upregulated in resistant D. sanguinalis. In conclusion, the upregulation of several P450 genes is responsible for establishing resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in D. sanguinalis.
杂草对一系列除草剂的抗药性已迅速演变,通常具有不同的作用机制。杂草由此不受抑制地生长,对作物生产和可持续农业构成了明显的威胁。Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.是玉米田和其他农田中的一种麻烦杂草,它对抑制 ALS(乙酰乳酸合成酶)的除草剂(如烟嘧磺隆)产生了抗性。了解这种杂草的抗性模式和机制至关重要。然而,由于缺乏相关的基因组序列和其他资料,人们对 D. sanguinalis 的非靶标抗性(NTSR)机制知之甚少。因此,本研究测试了一个具有多重抗性的 D.sanguinalis 群体,发现其对 ALS 抑制性除草剂的高度抗性与靶标相关的改变无关。施用 ALS 抑制性除草剂后,抗性种群中 NADPH-P450 还原酶和对硝基苯甲醚 O-脱甲基酶(PNOD)的活性明显高于易感种群。结果表明,P450酶家族在代谢抗性机制中发挥着重要作用,P450酶活性的增加会促进丹顶鹤对抑制ALS的除草剂产生交叉抗性。RNA-seq 分析表明,P450 家族的五个基因(CYP709B2、CYP714C2、CYP71A1、CYP76C2 和 CYP81E8)在抗性褐藻中上调。总之,几种 P450 基因的上调是 D. sanguinalis 对 ALS 抑制性除草剂产生抗性的原因。
{"title":"Involvement of P450s in the metabolic resistance of Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. To ALS-inhibiting herbicides","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Weed resistance to a range of herbicides has rapidly evolved, often with different mechanisms of action. The resulting uninhibited growth of weeds poses demonstrable threats to crop production and sustainable agriculture. <em>Digitaria sanguinalis</em> (L.) Scop., a troublesome weed in corn and other agricultural fields, has developed resistance to herbicides that inhibiting ALS (Acetolactate Synthase), such as nicosulfuron. Understanding the weed's resistance patterns and mechanisms is crucial. However, little is known of the non-target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms of <em>D. sanguinalis</em> owing to a lack of relevant genome sequences and other materials. Therefore, in this study, a population of <em>D.sanguinalis</em> presenting multiple resistance was tested and found that its high level of resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides was not associated with target-related alterations.Administration of P450 inhibitors reversed the resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Following the application of ALS-inhibiting herbicides, the activities of NADPH-P450 reductase and p-nitroanisole <em>O</em>-demethylase (PNOD) were notably greater in the resistant population of <em>D. sanguinalis</em> than those in the susceptible population. The results suggested P450 enzyme familyplays a major role in the metabolic resistance mechanism, that increased P450 enzyme activity promote cross-resistance in <em>D. sanguinalis</em> to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. RNA-seq analysis showed that five genes from the P450 family (<em>CYP709B2</em>, <em>CYP714C2</em>, <em>CYP71A1</em>, <em>CYP76C2</em>, and <em>CYP81E8</em>) were upregulated in resistant <em>D. sanguinalis</em>. In conclusion, the upregulation of several P450 genes is responsible for establishing resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in <em>D. sanguinalis</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106034
The effectiveness of bensulfuron-methyl in controlling Schoenoplectiella juncoides (Roxb.) Lye has significantly decreased in rice fields in China. Hence, a bensulfuron-methyl-resistant S. juncoides population (W15) was collected from Dandong City, Liaoning Province, China, to investigate the underlying resistance mechanisms. Whole-plant dose-response experiments and ALS activity assay confirmed that W15 has evolved high-level resistance to bensulfuron-methyl compared with the susceptible S. juncoides population (W4). Molecular analysis revealed a Pro-197-Ser mutation in ALS1, while there was no significant difference in the relative ALS gene expression between W15 and W4. LC-MS/MS analysis showed W15 metabolized bensulfuron-methyl more rapidly than W4. Furthermore, bensulfuron-methyl resistance in W15 was significantly alleviated by malathion and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl). Glutathione S-transferase activity was higher in W15 than in W4. Meanwhile, W15 displayed cross-resistance to halosulfuron-methyl and multi-resistance to MCPA-Na. In summary, these findings demonstrated for the first time that both target- and non-target-site resistance are relevant in the resistance of S. juncoides to bensulfuron-methyl.
在中国的稻田中,苄嘧磺隆防治褐飞虱的效果显著下降。因此,研究人员从中国辽宁省丹东市采集了一个苄嘧磺隆抗性禾本科禾本科白蛾(S. juncoides)种群(W15),以研究其潜在的抗性机制。全株剂量反应实验和 ALS 活性测定证实,与易感苄嘧磺隆的桧柏种群(W4)相比,W15 对苄嘧磺隆具有高水平的抗性。分子分析表明,W15 和 W4 的 ALS 基因表达没有显著差异。LC-MS/MS 分析表明,W15 比 W4 对苄嘧磺隆的代谢速度更快。此外,马拉硫磷和 4-氯-7-硝基苯并噁二唑(NBD-Cl)能显著缓解 W15 对苄嘧磺隆的抗性。W15 的谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶活性高于 W4。同时,W15 显示出对甲基吡嘧磺隆的交叉抗性和对 MCPA-Na 的多重抗性。总之,这些研究结果首次证明了靶标抗性和非靶标抗性都与俊草对苄嘧磺隆的抗性有关。
{"title":"Diverse mechanisms confer bensulfuron-methyl resistance in Schoenoplectiella juncoides (Roxb.) lye","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effectiveness of bensulfuron-methyl in controlling <em>Schoenoplectiella juncoides</em> (Roxb.) Lye has significantly decreased in rice fields in China. Hence, a bensulfuron-methyl-resistant <em>S. juncoides</em> population (W15) was collected from Dandong City, Liaoning Province, China, to investigate the underlying resistance mechanisms. Whole-plant dose-response experiments and ALS activity assay confirmed that W15 has evolved high-level resistance to bensulfuron-methyl compared with the susceptible <em>S. juncoides</em> population (W4). Molecular analysis revealed a Pro-197-Ser mutation in <em>ALS1</em>, while there was no significant difference in the relative <em>ALS</em> gene expression between W15 and W4. LC-MS/MS analysis showed W15 metabolized bensulfuron-methyl more rapidly than W4. Furthermore, bensulfuron-methyl resistance in W15 was significantly alleviated by malathion and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl). Glutathione <em>S</em>-transferase activity was higher in W15 than in W4. Meanwhile, W15 displayed cross-resistance to halosulfuron-methyl and multi-resistance to MCPA-Na. In summary, these findings demonstrated for the first time that both target- and non-target-site resistance are relevant in the resistance of <em>S. juncoides</em> to bensulfuron-methyl.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106036
Herbicide exposure can pose a considerable threat to non-target aquatic animals. We aimed to study changes in the liver proteome of a model cyprinid fish species, zebrafish Danio rerio, to provide a molecular basis for the adverse effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate (100 μg/L), its breakdown product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA; 100 μg/L), and a mixture of both (50 + 50 μg/L) in the presence of humic acid (20 mg/L), which simulated a component of natural organic matter in the aquatic environment. Proteomic analysis was performed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry employing a label-free quantification approach. The results present molecular evidence of the stress responses and disturbance of primary metabolic processes such as immune response, dysregulation in DNA repair, necroptosis and apoptosis signaling pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, cholesterol, lipoprotein, and carbohydrate metabolism. We registered the synergistic effect of the glyphosate and AMPA co-exposure, which was expressed in a substantial increase in the number of dysregulated proteins compared to the solo treatments. Humic acid alleviated the effects of glyphosate and its mixture with AMPA and aggravated the impact of AMPA exposure. RuvB-like 2, a protein taking part in DNA repair, and EIF2S1, involved in the regulation of stress-induced gene expression, were downregulated in the liver of zebrafish from all treatments.
{"title":"Changes in the liver proteome of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in the presence of a humic substance","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herbicide exposure can pose a considerable threat to non-target aquatic animals. We aimed to study changes in the liver proteome of a model cyprinid fish species, zebrafish <em>Danio rerio</em><u>,</u> to provide a molecular basis for the adverse effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate (100 μg/L), its breakdown product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA; 100 μg/L), and a mixture of both (50 + 50 μg/L) in the presence of humic acid (20 mg/L), which simulated a component of natural organic matter in the aquatic environment. Proteomic analysis was performed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry employing a label-free quantification approach. The results present molecular evidence of the stress responses and disturbance of primary metabolic processes such as immune response, dysregulation in DNA repair, necroptosis and apoptosis signaling pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, cholesterol, lipoprotein, and carbohydrate metabolism. We registered the synergistic effect of the glyphosate and AMPA co-exposure, which was expressed in a substantial increase in the number of dysregulated proteins compared to the solo treatments. Humic acid alleviated the effects of glyphosate and its mixture with AMPA and aggravated the impact of AMPA exposure. RuvB-like 2, a protein taking part in DNA repair, and EIF2S1, involved in the regulation of stress-induced gene expression, were downregulated in the liver of zebrafish from all treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}