Pub Date : 2020-08-14DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00301
Kukharchyk Yv, Dovnar Ri, Kukharchyk, H. Abdullahi
the antenatal clinic in the city of Grodno in the period of 10–11 weeks. A full clinical and laboratory examination was carried out, consulted by specialists in accordance with the clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus “Medical observation and medical care for women in obstetrics and gynecology” № 17 dated 02/19/2018. When performing ultrasound screening studies, deviations from the norm were not detected. The course of this pregnancy was complicated by the threat of termination: at 28-30 weeks, tocolytic therapy was carried out in a hospital. At 39-40 weeks, the patient was admitted to the public health institution “City Clinical Emergency Hospital of Grodno” with a diagnosis of I period of the first emergency birth in the head presentation in the gestational age of 278 days; premature Summary The article describes a clinical case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a 20-year-old patient in the early postpartum period. The diagnosis was made during the first hour of the postpartum period based on the patient’s complaints and confirmed by instrumental research methods. Analysis of the presented clinical situation suggested a possible cause of the resulting pathology, which are the inferiority of the lung tissue due to severe pneumonia and the presence of indirect signs of connective tissue dysplasia.
{"title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in early postbirth period (clinical observation)","authors":"Kukharchyk Yv, Dovnar Ri, Kukharchyk, H. Abdullahi","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00301","url":null,"abstract":"the antenatal clinic in the city of Grodno in the period of 10–11 weeks. A full clinical and laboratory examination was carried out, consulted by specialists in accordance with the clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus “Medical observation and medical care for women in obstetrics and gynecology” № 17 dated 02/19/2018. When performing ultrasound screening studies, deviations from the norm were not detected. The course of this pregnancy was complicated by the threat of termination: at 28-30 weeks, tocolytic therapy was carried out in a hospital. At 39-40 weeks, the patient was admitted to the public health institution “City Clinical Emergency Hospital of Grodno” with a diagnosis of I period of the first emergency birth in the head presentation in the gestational age of 278 days; premature Summary The article describes a clinical case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a 20-year-old patient in the early postpartum period. The diagnosis was made during the first hour of the postpartum period based on the patient’s complaints and confirmed by instrumental research methods. Analysis of the presented clinical situation suggested a possible cause of the resulting pathology, which are the inferiority of the lung tissue due to severe pneumonia and the presence of indirect signs of connective tissue dysplasia.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89758595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00300
Amjad Beg, F. Athar
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 Rv ( M. tuberculosis ) genetic evaluation found various conditional mutants that are being unsuccessful in surviving in non-permissive temperature or need enriched sources for growing in non-adaptive conditions. In M. tuberculosis basically, these mutants refer to as Filamentous Temperature Sensitive (FTS) gene family which have Rv3102c , Rv3610c , Rv2748c , Rv2151c , Rv2154c , Rv3101c , Rv2921c and Rv2150cproteins that are involved in major processes like cell division, cell growth and cell signalling.This manuscript provides a straightforward conduit towards finding the exact role of Rv3101c and Rv3102c genes in cellular cell divisionand survival of this bacterium by using computational approaches. The physiochemical properties shows both the proteins are stable and protein-protein interaction shows Rv2150c R2151c, smpB , Rv3104c and Rv2921c commonly interacted with each other but Rv3101c protein, a transmembrane protein which has four transmembrane helices which provide a clue for these proteins that act in various signalling cascades and protein exporting system. The protein phosphorylation play important role in several cellular processes and in Rv3101c phosphorylation occurs at Thr75, Ser89 and in Rv3102c phosphorylation occurs at residues Thr54, Thr166, Thr173, Ser174, Ser212 and Tyr225. The predicted structure was validated by SAVES metaserver and Ramachandran plot shows above 90% residues were present in the allowed region. In the prediction of B-cell and T-cell on Rv3101c and Rv3102c, protein antigen presentation and antibody binding properties were determined. These epitopes can be used to develop more effective vaccines and identify neutralizing antibodies. The mutation identification on the F126 and F1397 in Rv3101c whereas in Rv3102c on position F45 cause a drastic loss in inter-atomic interactions. As Rv3101c and Rv3102c proteins are essential class of proteins in M. tuberculosis, therefore, understanding of this class is crucial for analyzing cell division mechanism of this bacterium and thus help in clarifying its pathogenesis mechanism inside the host.
{"title":"Molecular modeling and in silico characterization of mycobacterial Rv3101c and Rv3102c proteins: prerequisite molecular target in cell division","authors":"Amjad Beg, F. Athar","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00300","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 Rv ( M. tuberculosis ) genetic evaluation found various conditional mutants that are being unsuccessful in surviving in non-permissive temperature or need enriched sources for growing in non-adaptive conditions. In M. tuberculosis basically, these mutants refer to as Filamentous Temperature Sensitive (FTS) gene family which have Rv3102c , Rv3610c , Rv2748c , Rv2151c , Rv2154c , Rv3101c , Rv2921c and Rv2150cproteins that are involved in major processes like cell division, cell growth and cell signalling.This manuscript provides a straightforward conduit towards finding the exact role of Rv3101c and Rv3102c genes in cellular cell divisionand survival of this bacterium by using computational approaches. The physiochemical properties shows both the proteins are stable and protein-protein interaction shows Rv2150c R2151c, smpB , Rv3104c and Rv2921c commonly interacted with each other but Rv3101c protein, a transmembrane protein which has four transmembrane helices which provide a clue for these proteins that act in various signalling cascades and protein exporting system. The protein phosphorylation play important role in several cellular processes and in Rv3101c phosphorylation occurs at Thr75, Ser89 and in Rv3102c phosphorylation occurs at residues Thr54, Thr166, Thr173, Ser174, Ser212 and Tyr225. The predicted structure was validated by SAVES metaserver and Ramachandran plot shows above 90% residues were present in the allowed region. In the prediction of B-cell and T-cell on Rv3101c and Rv3102c, protein antigen presentation and antibody binding properties were determined. These epitopes can be used to develop more effective vaccines and identify neutralizing antibodies. The mutation identification on the F126 and F1397 in Rv3101c whereas in Rv3102c on position F45 cause a drastic loss in inter-atomic interactions. As Rv3101c and Rv3102c proteins are essential class of proteins in M. tuberculosis, therefore, understanding of this class is crucial for analyzing cell division mechanism of this bacterium and thus help in clarifying its pathogenesis mechanism inside the host.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79898445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00299
C. Rodríguez-Molano, S. Torres, Laura-Estefania Nino Monrroy
Rhicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (R. (B.) microplus) is a hematophagous ectoparasite of Indo-Asian origin that is found in tropical and subtropical regions, which has expanded its geographical distribution as a result of climate change, migrating to northern latitudes and higher altitudes. This species creates estimated economic losses between $13.9 and 18.7 million dollars per year, generating direct and indirect effects on livestock such as low productivity and production rates, decreased reproduction, and even death through the transmission of diseases associated with this species, including diseases known as TBD (tick borne diseases), which are a public health problem in countries with high rates of occurrence, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, Australia and Brazil. The chemical control of cattle ticks began in 1895 with the use of arsenic baths that reduced infestation of this species in herds in Australia. Today, many formulations and techniques have been developed to control of this species; however, malpractice, underdosing and/ or overuse of these substances have allowed this species to develop different types of resistance, which have documented worldwide. Countries with a high number of resistance reports include Mexico, Brazil and Australia. These factors serve as a starting point for research that seeks to provide economically and environmentally viable alternatives for the control of cattle ticks, which make use of different types of plant extracts obtained from many species. As a result, high control rates at different stages of this species using various compounds with a less harmful effect on the environment have been achieved, such as with coumarins, which are obtained from chemical reactions using methodologies designed with the concept of green chemistry. This paper sought to provide an overview and approximation of the traditional control of R. (B.) microplus and control alternatives that use coumarin compounds.
{"title":"Background on the control of the cattle tick R. (B.) microplus and the use of coumarin substances as an alternative","authors":"C. Rodríguez-Molano, S. Torres, Laura-Estefania Nino Monrroy","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00299","url":null,"abstract":"Rhicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (R. (B.) microplus) is a hematophagous ectoparasite of Indo-Asian origin that is found in tropical and subtropical regions, which has expanded its geographical distribution as a result of climate change, migrating to northern latitudes and higher altitudes. This species creates estimated economic losses between $13.9 and 18.7 million dollars per year, generating direct and indirect effects on livestock such as low productivity and production rates, decreased reproduction, and even death through the transmission of diseases associated with this species, including diseases known as TBD (tick borne diseases), which are a public health problem in countries with high rates of occurrence, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, Australia and Brazil. The chemical control of cattle ticks began in 1895 with the use of arsenic baths that reduced infestation of this species in herds in Australia. Today, many formulations and techniques have been developed to control of this species; however, malpractice, underdosing and/ or overuse of these substances have allowed this species to develop different types of resistance, which have documented worldwide. Countries with a high number of resistance reports include Mexico, Brazil and Australia. These factors serve as a starting point for research that seeks to provide economically and environmentally viable alternatives for the control of cattle ticks, which make use of different types of plant extracts obtained from many species. As a result, high control rates at different stages of this species using various compounds with a less harmful effect on the environment have been achieved, such as with coumarins, which are obtained from chemical reactions using methodologies designed with the concept of green chemistry. This paper sought to provide an overview and approximation of the traditional control of R. (B.) microplus and control alternatives that use coumarin compounds.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91507432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-20DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00298
I. V. Okunevich, Natalya N Klyueva, N. S. Parfenova, E. Belova
Summary Atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia (DLP) is one of the modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis (AS). For the primary prevention of DLP and reduce the risk of progression of the AS, it is necessary to use low cholesterol (Ch) foods and apply modern effective lipid-lowering agents that improve the blood lipid profile. Relevant is the search for various biologically active compounds that correct of lipids in DLP. The original preparation of cholesterol oxidase enzyme (PChO) of microbial origin was the subject of this study. In vitro experiments evaluated the ability of PChO to actively bind cholesterol in food. To assess the effect of PChO under conditions of moderate nutritional DLP, in vivo experiments were carried out in three species of animals (rats, guinea pigs, rabbits). It is established that when modeling DLP, the studied agent PChO when administered orally has a pronounced hypolipidemic effect. It is noted that under these conditions, after applying PChO, the disturbed blood lipid spectrum is significantly improved. When analyzing the results of ultracentrifugation of the blood serum of experimental animals, a decrease in the content of atherogenic (LP)–VLDL, LDL, and a positive increase in the concentration of antiatherogenic HDL, capable of accepting Ch were detected.
{"title":"The corrective action of original cholesterol oxidase preparation: in vitro and in vivo use","authors":"I. V. Okunevich, Natalya N Klyueva, N. S. Parfenova, E. Belova","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00298","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia (DLP) is one of the modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis (AS). For the primary prevention of DLP and reduce the risk of progression of the AS, it is necessary to use low cholesterol (Ch) foods and apply modern effective lipid-lowering agents that improve the blood lipid profile. Relevant is the search for various biologically active compounds that correct of lipids in DLP. The original preparation of cholesterol oxidase enzyme (PChO) of microbial origin was the subject of this study. In vitro experiments evaluated the ability of PChO to actively bind cholesterol in food. To assess the effect of PChO under conditions of moderate nutritional DLP, in vivo experiments were carried out in three species of animals (rats, guinea pigs, rabbits). It is established that when modeling DLP, the studied agent PChO when administered orally has a pronounced hypolipidemic effect. It is noted that under these conditions, after applying PChO, the disturbed blood lipid spectrum is significantly improved. When analyzing the results of ultracentrifugation of the blood serum of experimental animals, a decrease in the content of atherogenic (LP)–VLDL, LDL, and a positive increase in the concentration of antiatherogenic HDL, capable of accepting Ch were detected.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86078604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-13DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00297
Tanveer Ahmed Khan, Syeda Shazia Adeel, K. Batool, Baseer Ahmad Khan
Communicable diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide in past. Children and adolescent were the most affected individuals. However, the development of vaccine played a vital role in decreasing mortality and increasing life expectancy. Currently most of vaccines are based on utilizing animal pathogens and use of animals. This use of animal in quality testing of vaccines is inevitable. Over the past century, concern about animals’ interests was limited to ensure that animals be treated humanely and not subjected to unnecessary sacrifice and sufferings. However, with the rise of 3Rs concept the global scenario for use of animals is being changed a little. The current review addresses the refinement, reduction and replacement aspects of animal use in vaccine testing. It also dialogues about challenges to implement 3Rs and gadget this key concept for effective quality testing.The acceptability and implementation of 3Rs concept is based on good manufacturing practices, good in-process quality control and validated procedures and processes. It is easier for new vaccines to adopt this concept. However, several difficulties are still experienced in theimplementation of 3Rs principles for vaccine potency assays. Thus, insistent exploration is obligatory by bothhealth industries and regulatory agencies for the implementation and validation of robust 3Rs approaches around the globe.
{"title":"3Rs expression in quality control paradigms of human vaccines","authors":"Tanveer Ahmed Khan, Syeda Shazia Adeel, K. Batool, Baseer Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00297","url":null,"abstract":"Communicable diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide in past. Children and adolescent were the most affected individuals. However, the development of vaccine played a vital role in decreasing mortality and increasing life expectancy. Currently most of vaccines are based on utilizing animal pathogens and use of animals. This use of animal in quality testing of vaccines is inevitable. Over the past century, concern about animals’ interests was limited to ensure that animals be treated humanely and not subjected to unnecessary sacrifice and sufferings. However, with the rise of 3Rs concept the global scenario for use of animals is being changed a little. The current review addresses the refinement, reduction and replacement aspects of animal use in vaccine testing. It also dialogues about challenges to implement 3Rs and gadget this key concept for effective quality testing.The acceptability and implementation of 3Rs concept is based on good manufacturing practices, good in-process quality control and validated procedures and processes. It is easier for new vaccines to adopt this concept. However, several difficulties are still experienced in theimplementation of 3Rs principles for vaccine potency assays. Thus, insistent exploration is obligatory by bothhealth industries and regulatory agencies for the implementation and validation of robust 3Rs approaches around the globe.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84745511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-26DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00296
Paula Alejandra Vargas Aya, Gladys Rozo Torres
Background: Three cosmetic products were developed: moisturizer, sunscreen and gel mask; their ingredients are innovative since they have extract of Hypnea musciformis a seaweed found on the coast of Colombia. Objectives: To determine that cosmetic products do not cause skin irritation and that they can protect the skin from sunlight. To measure with organoleptic tests the smell, texture and color of the products. To perform microbiological and physical-chemical tests of these cosmetic products. Methods: The active compounds present in H. musciformis were obtained with the supercritical extraction method. The cosmetic formulations were made with components approved by the European Standard No. 1223.UV filters, extracts of H. musciformis , Vitamins A, B and D, collagen and aloe vera were added. Evaluation : The photo protective effects were measured and in-vivo tests were carried out to determine if the formulations rise irritation.Physicochemical properties: density, viscosity and pH of all formulations were determined. Microbiological tests: the presence of Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coliform bacteria was evaluated. Sensory tests: product approval was measured by color, odor and texture. Results: The ultraviolet spectrum showed absorbances of 190nm, 290nm and 365nm wavelengths. Relative densities were: mask: 1.0062, moisturizer: 0.9337, sunscreen 0.9802. pH: mask: 6.90, moisturizer: 6.86 and sunscreen: 6.82.The moisturizer and sunscreen viscosity shows a pseudoplastic behavior; the mask has a viscosity of 7.46 x 10 -4 Pa*s. There is no presence of Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa or coliform bacteria. The skin irritation test in vivo showed 100% negative results. The cosmetic products do not irritate the skin. The results of the sensory evaluations show an approval in smell, color and texture. Conclusions : H. musciformis extracts are considered effective ingredients to use in sunscreen and moisturizer formulations. The combination of vitamins A, B and D, aloe vera, collagen and alga extract significantly improves its properties.
{"title":"Sunscreen and moisturizer cream effects of cosmetic formulations containing extracts of Hypnea musciformis collected in the Colombian Caribbean","authors":"Paula Alejandra Vargas Aya, Gladys Rozo Torres","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00296","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Three cosmetic products were developed: moisturizer, sunscreen and gel mask; their ingredients are innovative since they have extract of Hypnea musciformis a seaweed found on the coast of Colombia. Objectives: To determine that cosmetic products do not cause skin irritation and that they can protect the skin from sunlight. To measure with organoleptic tests the smell, texture and color of the products. To perform microbiological and physical-chemical tests of these cosmetic products. Methods: The active compounds present in H. musciformis were obtained with the supercritical extraction method. The cosmetic formulations were made with components approved by the European Standard No. 1223.UV filters, extracts of H. musciformis , Vitamins A, B and D, collagen and aloe vera were added. Evaluation : The photo protective effects were measured and in-vivo tests were carried out to determine if the formulations rise irritation.Physicochemical properties: density, viscosity and pH of all formulations were determined. Microbiological tests: the presence of Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coliform bacteria was evaluated. Sensory tests: product approval was measured by color, odor and texture. Results: The ultraviolet spectrum showed absorbances of 190nm, 290nm and 365nm wavelengths. Relative densities were: mask: 1.0062, moisturizer: 0.9337, sunscreen 0.9802. pH: mask: 6.90, moisturizer: 6.86 and sunscreen: 6.82.The moisturizer and sunscreen viscosity shows a pseudoplastic behavior; the mask has a viscosity of 7.46 x 10 -4 Pa*s. There is no presence of Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa or coliform bacteria. The skin irritation test in vivo showed 100% negative results. The cosmetic products do not irritate the skin. The results of the sensory evaluations show an approval in smell, color and texture. Conclusions : H. musciformis extracts are considered effective ingredients to use in sunscreen and moisturizer formulations. The combination of vitamins A, B and D, aloe vera, collagen and alga extract significantly improves its properties.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82587254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00294
Reshma Kumari, Sanjay Kumar
The Ballota L. genera belonging to the Lamiaceae family found mainly in the Mediterranean area, Middle East, and North Africa. From the ancient times this genus has been largely explored for their biological properties. Phytochemical investigations of Ballota species have revealed that diterpenoids are the main constituents of the genera. A large number of flavonoids and other metabolites were also identified. This mini review covers the traditional and pharmacological properties of Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth species.
{"title":"Pharmacological activities of Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth: A mini review","authors":"Reshma Kumari, Sanjay Kumar","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00294","url":null,"abstract":"The Ballota L. genera belonging to the Lamiaceae family found mainly in the Mediterranean area, Middle East, and North Africa. From the ancient times this genus has been largely explored for their biological properties. Phytochemical investigations of Ballota species have revealed that diterpenoids are the main constituents of the genera. A large number of flavonoids and other metabolites were also identified. This mini review covers the traditional and pharmacological properties of Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth species.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73027152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00293
E. M. Ale
{"title":"Assessment of antioxidant properties of N-Hexane extract of Morinda lucida as a link to its pharmacological actions","authors":"E. M. Ale","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00293","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81974384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00292
F. Athar, Amjad Beg
Corona virus is the emerging infectious viral agent that had to threaten the world with its epidemic since 2003 with SARS and 2013 with MERS virus. This virus again stuck the whole world with its robust pandemic in 2019whena novel form of the corona virus was emerged in and infect the local population of Wuhan, China. The virus named as SARS CoV-2 and the disease caused by this infectious virus is introduced as COVID 19. Since December 2019, this virus took more than 432, 973 lives all around the world. This study elaborates the role of HIV and HCV drug in targeting nsp12 gene of SARS CoV 2 that is responsible for RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity. The work employed homology modelling, structure validation and molecular docking analysis to evaluate the binding affinity and interaction analysis between NSP12 (RdRp) protein and HIV/HCV drugs. Outcome of the study impacted on Nelfinavir (NFV), Raltegravir (RAL) and Delavirdine (DLV) among Anti-HIV and Paritaprevir (PTV), Beclabuvir (BCV) and Ledipasvir (LDV) among Anti-HCV as the most effective inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 RdRp ternary complexes. The drugs have a strong binding affinity with the residues that are present in the active site of RdRp of the virus and essential for its replication. This study establishes significant information in the direction of therapeutic development as we are dealing with the situation where we urgently required medication or vaccine to combat COVID-19. Therefore, this study provides essential molecular information about the FDA approved antiviral drugs that can be used to treat this disease. Importantly, the listed drugs had never prioritized for their effectiveness against COVID-19. Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) drugs, HCV drugs and anti-malarial drugs. 18,19
{"title":"Anti-HIV and Anti-HCV drugs are the putative inhibitors of RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase activity of NSP12 of the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19)","authors":"F. Athar, Amjad Beg","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00292","url":null,"abstract":"Corona virus is the emerging infectious viral agent that had to threaten the world with its epidemic since 2003 with SARS and 2013 with MERS virus. This virus again stuck the whole world with its robust pandemic in 2019whena novel form of the corona virus was emerged in and infect the local population of Wuhan, China. The virus named as SARS CoV-2 and the disease caused by this infectious virus is introduced as COVID 19. Since December 2019, this virus took more than 432, 973 lives all around the world. This study elaborates the role of HIV and HCV drug in targeting nsp12 gene of SARS CoV 2 that is responsible for RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity. The work employed homology modelling, structure validation and molecular docking analysis to evaluate the binding affinity and interaction analysis between NSP12 (RdRp) protein and HIV/HCV drugs. Outcome of the study impacted on Nelfinavir (NFV), Raltegravir (RAL) and Delavirdine (DLV) among Anti-HIV and Paritaprevir (PTV), Beclabuvir (BCV) and Ledipasvir (LDV) among Anti-HCV as the most effective inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 RdRp ternary complexes. The drugs have a strong binding affinity with the residues that are present in the active site of RdRp of the virus and essential for its replication. This study establishes significant information in the direction of therapeutic development as we are dealing with the situation where we urgently required medication or vaccine to combat COVID-19. Therefore, this study provides essential molecular information about the FDA approved antiviral drugs that can be used to treat this disease. Importantly, the listed drugs had never prioritized for their effectiveness against COVID-19. Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) drugs, HCV drugs and anti-malarial drugs. 18,19","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79213926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00291
P. Sowmya, Anitha Sudhir, K. Rai, H. Deepakumari
Ascorbic acid is one of the major water soluble vitamin and many health benefits have been attributed to ascorbic acid such as antioxidant, anti-atherogenic,immunomodulator anti-carcinogenic etc. It plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of collagen, carnitine and neurotransmitters. As humans can not produce ascorbic acid due to the lack of an enzyme gulonolactone oxidase, it has to be supplemented mainly through fruits, vegetables and tablets. In this present work, we have reported a simple, cost effective, reliable titrimetric method for the estimation of ascorbic acid present in commercially available Vit-C tablets and also the determination of molecular weight of ascorbic acid. The method involves the oxidative dehydrogenation of ascorbic acid by potassium iodate followed by the determination of unreacted potassium iodate by iodometry. Access
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