Pub Date : 2021-02-02DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00319
S. Abu-Lafi, M. Akkawi, Qassem Abu-Remeleh, P. Lutgen
Background: Malaria control is crucial as a result of the growing antimalarial drug- resistance not only in South-East Asia but also in Africa. Developing novel, safe, effective, and affordable drugs is a key to combat malaria. Medicinal plants and some fruits are intensive sources in the drug discovery effort to treat malaria. Objective: The main aim of the work is to investigate Guava ( Psidium guajava ) infused water and water-ethanol leaf extracts against β-hematin formation in-vitro . Methodology: To determine the identity of any possible active secondary metabolite in P. guajava leaves, a full scan LC-ESi-MS-PDA was run within a mass range of 100-1200 amu. Moreover, the in-vitro colorimetric semi-quantitative assays that are based on β-hematin inhibition and optical density measurement at 405nm were utilized. Results and discussion: The effect of using 35% ethanol in extracting guava leaves showed that concentrations between 1 and 0.4mg/ml have an activity superior to guava water extract and comparable to the positive control. Among the identified flavonoids glycosides are quercetin 3- O -glycoside, quercetin-galloylhexoside, morin-3- O -lyxoside, morin-3- O -arabinoside, quercein-3- O -arabinoside (guaijaverin) and ellagic acid. This indicates to an encouraging complexation with the free heme over β-hematin formation.
背景:疟疾控制是至关重要的，因为不仅在东南亚，而且在非洲，抗疟药耐药性日益增长。开发新颖、安全、有效和负担得起的药物是抗击疟疾的关键。药用植物和一些水果是治疗疟疾药物发现工作的重要来源。目的:研究番石榴水浸提液和水乙醇叶提取物对β-血红素形成的体外抑制作用。方法:采用LC-ESi-MS-PDA全扫描方法，在100 ~ 1200amu的质量范围内对番石榴叶中可能存在的活性次生代谢物进行鉴定。此外，采用基于β-血红素抑制和405nm光密度测量的体外比色半定量分析。结果与讨论:35%乙醇提取番石榴叶的效果表明，浓度在1 ~ 0.4mg/ml范围内的活性优于番石榴水提取物，且与阳性对照相当。经鉴定的黄酮类苷有槲皮素3- O -糖苷、槲皮素-没食子糖苷、桑皮素-3- O -葡糖苷、桑皮素-3- O -阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素-3- O -阿拉伯糖苷(愈创木黄苷)和鞣花酸。这表明自由血红素与β-血红素形成的络合作用令人鼓舞。
{"title":"Screening of guava (Psidium guajava) leaves extracts against β-hematin formation ","authors":"S. Abu-Lafi, M. Akkawi, Qassem Abu-Remeleh, P. Lutgen","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00319","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria control is crucial as a result of the growing antimalarial drug- resistance not only in South-East Asia but also in Africa. Developing novel, safe, effective, and affordable drugs is a key to combat malaria. Medicinal plants and some fruits are intensive sources in the drug discovery effort to treat malaria. Objective: The main aim of the work is to investigate Guava ( Psidium guajava ) infused water and water-ethanol leaf extracts against β-hematin formation in-vitro . Methodology: To determine the identity of any possible active secondary metabolite in P. guajava leaves, a full scan LC-ESi-MS-PDA was run within a mass range of 100-1200 amu. Moreover, the in-vitro colorimetric semi-quantitative assays that are based on β-hematin inhibition and optical density measurement at 405nm were utilized. Results and discussion: The effect of using 35% ethanol in extracting guava leaves showed that concentrations between 1 and 0.4mg/ml have an activity superior to guava water extract and comparable to the positive control. Among the identified flavonoids glycosides are quercetin 3- O -glycoside, quercetin-galloylhexoside, morin-3- O -lyxoside, morin-3- O -arabinoside, quercein-3- O -arabinoside (guaijaverin) and ellagic acid. This indicates to an encouraging complexation with the free heme over β-hematin formation.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88149085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-27DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2020.09.00318
Brigitte Nathalia Tascon Guevara
Medline and Google Scholar databases. Results: Covid 19 with a severe course and ARDS can lead to a hyper-inflammatory state, in which the anti-inflammatory properties of steroids can be an effective therapeutic option. Steroid therapy has provento be useful in stabilizing patients hemodynamically, reducing prolonged stays in hospitalization services, intermediate care units, intensive care units, reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation, and reducing morbidity and mortality in this group of patients, serious patients. Conclusion: Although upto now there is no established therapy that is 100% effective in the treatment of patients with severe covid, it is important to consider dexamethasone as a therapeutic strategy.
{"title":"Use of glucocorticoids in covid 19 patients: systematic review","authors":"Brigitte Nathalia Tascon Guevara","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2020.09.00318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2020.09.00318","url":null,"abstract":"Medline and Google Scholar databases. Results: Covid 19 with a severe course and ARDS can lead to a hyper-inflammatory state, in which the anti-inflammatory properties of steroids can be an effective therapeutic option. Steroid therapy has provento be useful in stabilizing patients hemodynamically, reducing prolonged stays in hospitalization services, intermediate care units, intensive care units, reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation, and reducing morbidity and mortality in this group of patients, serious patients. Conclusion: Although upto now there is no established therapy that is 100% effective in the treatment of patients with severe covid, it is important to consider dexamethasone as a therapeutic strategy.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88228464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00317
Alexis Zoa
{"title":"Composition and basic techniques in pharmacology laboratory: example of in-vitro study of cytotoxic drug candidates","authors":"Alexis Zoa","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85159961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00336
Alper Çimik
mandarin and bitter orange species which have major characteristic specialities of Rutaceae family, have antimicrobial activities on pathogene microorganisms. Probiotic microorganisms have valuable effects on human body and inhibition of probiotics causes many diseases. In this present study, it was aimed to determine indicate probiotic resistance against natural antimicrobial agents (as essential oils) compare to pathogenes in previous studies. Analysis of essential oils (Eos) from were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS, analysis of Eos antimicrobial and antifungal activity from were analyzed by Microdilution test. Limonene (%95.29) and Linalool (%34.94) were found as major compounds of EOs respectively. All essential oils have antimicrobial activities on probiotic microorganisms.
{"title":"Chemical characterization and antibacterialantifungal activity of Rutaceae family essential oils from different plants on probiotic microorganisms","authors":"Alper Çimik","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00336","url":null,"abstract":"mandarin and bitter orange species which have major characteristic specialities of Rutaceae family, have antimicrobial activities on pathogene microorganisms. Probiotic microorganisms have valuable effects on human body and inhibition of probiotics causes many diseases. In this present study, it was aimed to determine indicate probiotic resistance against natural antimicrobial agents (as essential oils) compare to pathogenes in previous studies. Analysis of essential oils (Eos) from were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS, analysis of Eos antimicrobial and antifungal activity from were analyzed by Microdilution test. Limonene (%95.29) and Linalool (%34.94) were found as major compounds of EOs respectively. All essential oils have antimicrobial activities on probiotic microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78582017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00327
Raspo Esteban, Brunori Magali, Brufman Adriana
Introduction: Seminal plasma (SP) is a sperm function modulator, for this reason, it is necessary to adequately characterize its molecular composition. Iron (Ir) plays an important role in spermatogenesis. Transferrin (Tf), the cellular membrane receptor for transferrin and ferritin (FN), respectively, are involved in the transport, cellular uptake, and storage of Ir. The metabolic pathways of Ir are still unknown in human testis. Objectives: The aim of the work was to study biochemical components such as total proteins (TP), Ir, FN and Tf in SP of young individuals, and to establish reference values for our laboratory. These values were then correlated to semen parameters and some sperm functional tests in order to understand the physiology of Ir in the testis. Materials and methods: Two hundred and fifteen semen and serum samples were studied, and the concentration of Tf, Ir, TP and FN was determined in both fluids. A basic semen analysis and sperm vitality tests were performed. Statistical analysis by the Spearman coefficient (r) for testicular transferrin (TfT) versus each of the quantitative variables of the basic semen analysis was used. Results and conclusions: It was observed that TfT concentration has a direct relationship with the sperm concentration (r=0.3872, p-value=0.0070, p<0.01) the total sperm count (r=0.515; p-value=0.0008, p<0.01) and to a lesser extent with the percentage of progressive motile sperm (r=0.3721; p-value=0.0139, p<0.05). No correlation with morphology was found. The study of possible biomarkers, such as TfT, would contribute to the knowledge of physiological mechanisms of sperm function, enabling an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. a Living cells do not incorporate the and a is observed while dead cells have a reddish on their heads. Lower Reference Limit (LRL) 15 for vitality is 58%.
{"title":"Seminal transferrin, a potential human testis biomarker","authors":"Raspo Esteban, Brunori Magali, Brufman Adriana","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00327","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Seminal plasma (SP) is a sperm function modulator, for this reason, it is necessary to adequately characterize its molecular composition. Iron (Ir) plays an important role in spermatogenesis. Transferrin (Tf), the cellular membrane receptor for transferrin and ferritin (FN), respectively, are involved in the transport, cellular uptake, and storage of Ir. The metabolic pathways of Ir are still unknown in human testis. Objectives: The aim of the work was to study biochemical components such as total proteins (TP), Ir, FN and Tf in SP of young individuals, and to establish reference values for our laboratory. These values were then correlated to semen parameters and some sperm functional tests in order to understand the physiology of Ir in the testis. Materials and methods: Two hundred and fifteen semen and serum samples were studied, and the concentration of Tf, Ir, TP and FN was determined in both fluids. A basic semen analysis and sperm vitality tests were performed. Statistical analysis by the Spearman coefficient (r) for testicular transferrin (TfT) versus each of the quantitative variables of the basic semen analysis was used. Results and conclusions: It was observed that TfT concentration has a direct relationship with the sperm concentration (r=0.3872, p-value=0.0070, p<0.01) the total sperm count (r=0.515; p-value=0.0008, p<0.01) and to a lesser extent with the percentage of progressive motile sperm (r=0.3721; p-value=0.0139, p<0.05). No correlation with morphology was found. The study of possible biomarkers, such as TfT, would contribute to the knowledge of physiological mechanisms of sperm function, enabling an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. a Living cells do not incorporate the and a is observed while dead cells have a reddish on their heads. Lower Reference Limit (LRL) 15 for vitality is 58%.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81359472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00316
Zhiqian Wu, P. Bhavsar, Masumi Dave, Xudong Yuan, Desuo Wang
{"title":"A novel ODT or chewable dosage form for acetaminophen: an isoleucine prodrug approach","authors":"Zhiqian Wu, P. Bhavsar, Masumi Dave, Xudong Yuan, Desuo Wang","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81521889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00315
N. Su, Momoh Sm, Nwokolo Cc, Ojo Og, Ajayi Jo, Irabor Im, Oboh Bo
DNA Profiling also referred to as DNA fingerprinting, is a sequence of tests and methodology employed to examine and identify the genetic information contained within an individual’s cell, and within the context of forensics, it is considered as the comparison of genetic information or profile of a person to a profile of biological evidence found at the scene of crime, or profile stored in the DNA database for the sole purpose of administration of justice. Remarkably, a core base for DNA profiling is the fact that, about 99.9% sequence of DNA is found to be common among humans, and the other 0.1% is unique and vary from person to person, and the likelihood of two individual having exactly the same DNA profile is about 1 in 594.1 trillion individuals. Therefore, the present study elucidated key molecular markers for DNA profiling including short tandem repeat, variable number tandem repeat, and restriction fragment length polymorphism. In conducting this study, a comprehensive electronic literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Google search for similar and related works were used, and all works meeting the subject matter were considered, including; reviews, meta-analyses, retrospective studies, observational studies, organization recommendations, and original articles. Going forward, the stated molecular markers have been demonstrated to be used for identification purpose, however, the validated technology of short tandem repeat and also its abundance in the human genome makes it a better option for forensic DN profiling and it is currently the gold standard for analysis and storage of DNA profiles in the DNA databases around the world.
{"title":"Key DNA profiling markers for identification: A mini review","authors":"N. Su, Momoh Sm, Nwokolo Cc, Ojo Og, Ajayi Jo, Irabor Im, Oboh Bo","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00315","url":null,"abstract":"DNA Profiling also referred to as DNA fingerprinting, is a sequence of tests and methodology employed to examine and identify the genetic information contained within an individual’s cell, and within the context of forensics, it is considered as the comparison of genetic information or profile of a person to a profile of biological evidence found at the scene of crime, or profile stored in the DNA database for the sole purpose of administration of justice. Remarkably, a core base for DNA profiling is the fact that, about 99.9% sequence of DNA is found to be common among humans, and the other 0.1% is unique and vary from person to person, and the likelihood of two individual having exactly the same DNA profile is about 1 in 594.1 trillion individuals. Therefore, the present study elucidated key molecular markers for DNA profiling including short tandem repeat, variable number tandem repeat, and restriction fragment length polymorphism. In conducting this study, a comprehensive electronic literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Google search for similar and related works were used, and all works meeting the subject matter were considered, including; reviews, meta-analyses, retrospective studies, observational studies, organization recommendations, and original articles. Going forward, the stated molecular markers have been demonstrated to be used for identification purpose, however, the validated technology of short tandem repeat and also its abundance in the human genome makes it a better option for forensic DN profiling and it is currently the gold standard for analysis and storage of DNA profiles in the DNA databases around the world.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76822861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00314
M. Bashaar
Pandemics, natural, unnatural and man-made disasters, make it difficult to have normal access to medicines (ATM). However, stringent policies and accurate planning ensures ATM by controlling sky-high medicine prices. The policymakers, healthcare providers and government should consider these recommendations to ensure ATM amid COVID 19: (1) Prioritization of Medicine List; (2) Considering National Essential Medicine List; (3) Dual & Multisource Contracts; (4) Bulk Procurement System; (5) Review of legislation and procurement policies; (6) Reforms in importation and customs procedures; (7) Trade- Related Aspects of International Property Rights; (8) Controlling medicine prices; (9) Encouraging domestic pharmaceutical production and (10) Effective Monitoring System. The author concludes that these recommendations have implications for equitable access to essential medicine (EM). We call upon the policy makers, the governments, drug regulatory authorities, the big pharma and domestic pharmaceutical companies to accelerate their efforts to ensure equitable and affordable ATM.
{"title":"COVID-19 and access to essential medicine: Discussion paper","authors":"M. Bashaar","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00314","url":null,"abstract":"Pandemics, natural, unnatural and man-made disasters, make it difficult to have normal access to medicines (ATM). However, stringent policies and accurate planning ensures ATM by controlling sky-high medicine prices. The policymakers, healthcare providers and government should consider these recommendations to ensure ATM amid COVID 19: (1) Prioritization of Medicine List; (2) Considering National Essential Medicine List; (3) Dual & Multisource Contracts; (4) Bulk Procurement System; (5) Review of legislation and procurement policies; (6) Reforms in importation and customs procedures; (7) Trade- Related Aspects of International Property Rights; (8) Controlling medicine prices; (9) Encouraging domestic pharmaceutical production and (10) Effective Monitoring System. The author concludes that these recommendations have implications for equitable access to essential medicine (EM). We call upon the policy makers, the governments, drug regulatory authorities, the big pharma and domestic pharmaceutical companies to accelerate their efforts to ensure equitable and affordable ATM.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76371668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00313
J. Redfern
Cytotoxic chemotherapy, a mainstay of non-surgical cancer therapy for many decades and often combined with external beam radiotherapy, can be viewed as a “carpet bombing” therapeutic approach, often resulting in substantial side effects and recurring cancer cells. In the last decade, a new molecular oncology model has evolved that includes genomics, proteomics and immune system modulation. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies have offered new, albeit more expensive, therapeutic modalities. However, these typically benefit only a subset of patients with immunohistochemistry-identified markers (e.g., CTLA-4 or PD-L1) or specific gene mutations (e.g., EGFR, ALK, BRAF, PIK3CA) and tend to suppress rather than eradicate tumors. Targeted precision cancer therapy using injectable radionuclide-labeled ligands has opened up new horizons to treat resistant or widely scattered cancers by delivering cytotoxic ionizing radiation directly and specifically to tumor cells. This therapeutic approach is termed radioligand theranostics (RT), a combination of thera peutics + diag nostics . This two-step process first uses molecular imaging to identify a specific receptor or biomarker expressed on a particular tumor cell type and then uses a therapeutic version of the radioligand that is internalized by cancer cells via specific receptors to achieve cell death with minimal damage to neighboring healthy tissue. One of the most successful examples of RT development includes octreotide radionuclide scintigraphy and therapy for neuroendocrine tumors (NETS). 68 Ga DOTATOC (DOTA-Phe-Tyr octreotide) injection is now available for PET imaging of somatostatin- positive gastroenteropancreatic NETs and 177 Lu-DOTA-Tyr 3 -octreotate was approved by both the FDA and EMA to treat patients with progressive somatostatin-receptor–positive midgut NETs. However, RT has widespread therapeutic implications beyond NETS and has served as a beacon for the conception of theranostic treatments for other cancer types, for example multiple myeloma, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, metastatic castrate-resistant ovarian
{"title":"Theranostics: Cancer imaging and therapy using injectable radionuclide-labeled ligands","authors":"J. Redfern","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00313","url":null,"abstract":"Cytotoxic chemotherapy, a mainstay of non-surgical cancer therapy for many decades and often combined with external beam radiotherapy, can be viewed as a “carpet bombing” therapeutic approach, often resulting in substantial side effects and recurring cancer cells. In the last decade, a new molecular oncology model has evolved that includes genomics, proteomics and immune system modulation. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies have offered new, albeit more expensive, therapeutic modalities. However, these typically benefit only a subset of patients with immunohistochemistry-identified markers (e.g., CTLA-4 or PD-L1) or specific gene mutations (e.g., EGFR, ALK, BRAF, PIK3CA) and tend to suppress rather than eradicate tumors. Targeted precision cancer therapy using injectable radionuclide-labeled ligands has opened up new horizons to treat resistant or widely scattered cancers by delivering cytotoxic ionizing radiation directly and specifically to tumor cells. This therapeutic approach is termed radioligand theranostics (RT), a combination of thera peutics + diag nostics . This two-step process first uses molecular imaging to identify a specific receptor or biomarker expressed on a particular tumor cell type and then uses a therapeutic version of the radioligand that is internalized by cancer cells via specific receptors to achieve cell death with minimal damage to neighboring healthy tissue. One of the most successful examples of RT development includes octreotide radionuclide scintigraphy and therapy for neuroendocrine tumors (NETS). 68 Ga DOTATOC (DOTA-Phe-Tyr octreotide) injection is now available for PET imaging of somatostatin- positive gastroenteropancreatic NETs and 177 Lu-DOTA-Tyr 3 -octreotate was approved by both the FDA and EMA to treat patients with progressive somatostatin-receptor–positive midgut NETs. However, RT has widespread therapeutic implications beyond NETS and has served as a beacon for the conception of theranostic treatments for other cancer types, for example multiple myeloma, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, metastatic castrate-resistant ovarian","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80719540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00312
Gemmechu Hasen, S. Suleman
In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.1 On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.2 Since then, the WHO has identified formulations for the local preparation of alcohol-based hand rub formulations as gold standard, and the key tools being utilized to control the spread of the novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.3 In line with these, various governments around the world have promoted the use of ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol-based hand rubs for hand hygiene. Moreover, a number of temporary guidelines and policies are being proclaimed among different countries of the world by waiving restrictions on the production of hand sanitizers which allow manufacturers, including alcohol beverage manufacturers, to produce alcohol based hand sanitizers in midst of COVID-19 pandemic.4 Thus under such circumstances, there will be a high chance of producing substandard and counterfeit alcohol based sanitizers by unscrupulous firms.
{"title":"Regulatory authorities’ preparedness to avert poor quality alcohol based hand sanitizers during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: A commentary","authors":"Gemmechu Hasen, S. Suleman","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2020.08.00312","url":null,"abstract":"In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.1 On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.2 Since then, the WHO has identified formulations for the local preparation of alcohol-based hand rub formulations as gold standard, and the key tools being utilized to control the spread of the novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.3 In line with these, various governments around the world have promoted the use of ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol-based hand rubs for hand hygiene. Moreover, a number of temporary guidelines and policies are being proclaimed among different countries of the world by waiving restrictions on the production of hand sanitizers which allow manufacturers, including alcohol beverage manufacturers, to produce alcohol based hand sanitizers in midst of COVID-19 pandemic.4 Thus under such circumstances, there will be a high chance of producing substandard and counterfeit alcohol based sanitizers by unscrupulous firms.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72687474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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