Pub Date : 2021-05-25DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00332
Gerardo Ariel Saez
A analysis of descriptive and explanatory nature of the determinants of the distribution of pharmaceutical offices in the town of Quitilipi, Chaco. The interest in knowing the constitutive elements of this geographical distribution is specifically focused on the study of the incidence of New Economic Geography (NGE) in elucidating it. It is necessary to have the four legs of a table, after this statement, we proceed to assign them (making the corresponding analogy) the first would be the city, the second the economic activity, the third NGE and the last would be the analysis itself. From the beginning of the formation of urban society and the concentration of people in nearby inhabited environments to achieve common interests, commerce appears directly linked to the center of the city. For this reason, they are not two different things but parts of a whole and it would be very difficult to define the city center from any point of view, be it economic, urban, environmental or social, without using the word commerce.1
{"title":"Analysis between the location of pharmacies and urban planning in Quitilipi, Chaco from the new economic geography","authors":"Gerardo Ariel Saez","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00332","url":null,"abstract":"A analysis of descriptive and explanatory nature of the determinants of the distribution of pharmaceutical offices in the town of Quitilipi, Chaco. The interest in knowing the constitutive elements of this geographical distribution is specifically focused on the study of the incidence of New Economic Geography (NGE) in elucidating it. It is necessary to have the four legs of a table, after this statement, we proceed to assign them (making the corresponding analogy) the first would be the city, the second the economic activity, the third NGE and the last would be the analysis itself. From the beginning of the formation of urban society and the concentration of people in nearby inhabited environments to achieve common interests, commerce appears directly linked to the center of the city. For this reason, they are not two different things but parts of a whole and it would be very difficult to define the city center from any point of view, be it economic, urban, environmental or social, without using the word commerce.1","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81258531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-03DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00330
James Abugri, VB Annam, BB Boamah, E. Armah
Albino mice are considered a comparable genetic model to humans and it is well established that they also exhibit natural differences in susceptibility to malaria infection. The study was aimed at determining and comparing the effects of artesunate, artesunate+amodiaquine combination, on biochemical parameters such as plasma pH, plasma glucose and plasma cholesterol in the course of administering antimalarial drugs. The effects of artesunate, amodiaquine and a combination of artesunate-amodiaquine on some hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed in this study. Twenty albino mice of eight weeks old were randomly divided into 4 groups based on a specific antimalarial drug administered and one group served as control. Blood sample was obtained at the end of the study and assay was done for glucose concentration, plasma pH, and plasma cholesterol concentrations. Data were expressed as mean±standard errors of mean. Comparisons between control and treated groups of albino mice were performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey Kramer post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Plasma pH was not significantly lower (p<0.05) in the antimalarials; artesunate, amodiaquine and artesunate+amodiaquine groups compared to the control group. Plasma glucose was significantly lower in the antimalarials; Artesunate , artesunate+amodiaquine but higher in Amodiaquine compared to the control group. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the treated groups , Amodiaquine, artesunate+amodiaquine groups compared to the control group. Hence, maximum reduction was seen in the combination group compared to the individual drugs.
{"title":"Effect of artesunate and amodiaquine alone and in combination on plasma biochemical parameters in mice","authors":"James Abugri, VB Annam, BB Boamah, E. Armah","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00330","url":null,"abstract":"Albino mice are considered a comparable genetic model to humans and it is well established that they also exhibit natural differences in susceptibility to malaria infection. The study was aimed at determining and comparing the effects of artesunate, artesunate+amodiaquine combination, on biochemical parameters such as plasma pH, plasma glucose and plasma cholesterol in the course of administering antimalarial drugs. The effects of artesunate, amodiaquine and a combination of artesunate-amodiaquine on some hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed in this study. Twenty albino mice of eight weeks old were randomly divided into 4 groups based on a specific antimalarial drug administered and one group served as control. Blood sample was obtained at the end of the study and assay was done for glucose concentration, plasma pH, and plasma cholesterol concentrations. Data were expressed as mean±standard errors of mean. Comparisons between control and treated groups of albino mice were performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey Kramer post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Plasma pH was not significantly lower (p<0.05) in the antimalarials; artesunate, amodiaquine and artesunate+amodiaquine groups compared to the control group. Plasma glucose was significantly lower in the antimalarials; Artesunate , artesunate+amodiaquine but higher in Amodiaquine compared to the control group. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the treated groups , Amodiaquine, artesunate+amodiaquine groups compared to the control group. Hence, maximum reduction was seen in the combination group compared to the individual drugs.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"131 1","pages":"77-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81039291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-28DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00329
P. Chan, Edward Mak
{"title":"Creation of a novel triterpenoid drug that inhibits DNA synthesis ","authors":"P. Chan, Edward Mak","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87422864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00328
Pascal Gisenya, Bati Daddy, P. Lutgen
Objective: The objective is to study in vivo the effect of the administration of Artemisia infusions as supplement in combination with the prescribed WHO treatment. Promising in vitro results needed to be confirmed in vivo before proceeding to larger scale clinical trials. Methods: A first pilot study was run with 5 patients using Artemisia afra infusions and a second one on 10 patients with Artemisia annua infusions. Over 15 days their fever, diurnal and nocturnal coughing, asthenia, Ziehl-Neelsen assay were monitored. Results: Artemisia afra infusions give faster symptoms resolution and healing. After 5 days all TB symptoms had disappeared whilst for Artemisia annua it took 10 days. The Ziehl-Neelsen assay was negative after 10 days for the Artemisia afra treatment and after 15 days for Artemisia annua. Conclusion: These observations on the administration of Artemisia infusions in combination with the conventional WHO treatment gave an astonishingly faster relief of the symptoms than conventional treatment alone. This could be a base to provide a potential natural and inexpensive therapy for TB treatment failure and resistance. More in vivo studies with a larger cohort are required to confirm our findings.
{"title":"Breakthrough against tuberculosis: high efficacy of Artemisia afra infusions","authors":"Pascal Gisenya, Bati Daddy, P. Lutgen","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00328","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective is to study in vivo the effect of the administration of Artemisia infusions as supplement in combination with the prescribed WHO treatment. Promising in vitro results needed to be confirmed in vivo before proceeding to larger scale clinical trials. Methods: A first pilot study was run with 5 patients using Artemisia afra infusions and a second one on 10 patients with Artemisia annua infusions. Over 15 days their fever, diurnal and nocturnal coughing, asthenia, Ziehl-Neelsen assay were monitored. Results: Artemisia afra infusions give faster symptoms resolution and healing. After 5 days all TB symptoms had disappeared whilst for Artemisia annua it took 10 days. The Ziehl-Neelsen assay was negative after 10 days for the Artemisia afra treatment and after 15 days for Artemisia annua. Conclusion: These observations on the administration of Artemisia infusions in combination with the conventional WHO treatment gave an astonishingly faster relief of the symptoms than conventional treatment alone. This could be a base to provide a potential natural and inexpensive therapy for TB treatment failure and resistance. More in vivo studies with a larger cohort are required to confirm our findings.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81045620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00326
E. M. Ale, Adesola Oluwaseun Adeleye, O. Akinseye, Ebenezer Kayode Toluwalase
Background and objective: Over the years, numerous works have documented the antioxidant potency of Annona muricata as well as it medicinal actions against myriad of ailments. However, there is still vague information as regard its antioxidant ability against diverse types of prooxidants. This work is carried out to deduce the antioxidant capacity of ethanol extract of A. muricata against different pro-oxidants in the cerebral and hepatic tissues of rats in in vitro models. Methods: Fresh leaves of A. muricata were washed, air-dried, pulverized and extracted with ethanol. Rats were euthanized and the tissues (brain and liver) were removed and homogenized in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4. The homogenates were centrifuged for 10min at 4000rpm to obtain a low-speed supernatant that was used for TBARS assay in the presence of extract and five different pro-oxidants; Iron (II) sulphate, hydrogen peroxide, 3-Nitropropionic acid, Sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid. Results: The results reveal that A. muricata extract displayed strong potency against lipid peroxidation in both the brain and liver tissue homogenates by inhibiting the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances irrespective of the prooxidant used. This polytropic antioxidant ability of A. muricata extract could be linked to its high polyphenolic content which confers on it, a strong redox property as well as a hydrogen donating power. This research therefore paves way for further investigation on the therapeutic actions of A. muricata in lipid peroxidation mediated ailments and diseases.
{"title":"Antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Annona muricata against different pro-oxidant induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain and liver","authors":"E. M. Ale, Adesola Oluwaseun Adeleye, O. Akinseye, Ebenezer Kayode Toluwalase","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00326","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Over the years, numerous works have documented the antioxidant potency of Annona muricata as well as it medicinal actions against myriad of ailments. However, there is still vague information as regard its antioxidant ability against diverse types of prooxidants. This work is carried out to deduce the antioxidant capacity of ethanol extract of A. muricata against different pro-oxidants in the cerebral and hepatic tissues of rats in in vitro models. Methods: Fresh leaves of A. muricata were washed, air-dried, pulverized and extracted with ethanol. Rats were euthanized and the tissues (brain and liver) were removed and homogenized in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4. The homogenates were centrifuged for 10min at 4000rpm to obtain a low-speed supernatant that was used for TBARS assay in the presence of extract and five different pro-oxidants; Iron (II) sulphate, hydrogen peroxide, 3-Nitropropionic acid, Sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid. Results: The results reveal that A. muricata extract displayed strong potency against lipid peroxidation in both the brain and liver tissue homogenates by inhibiting the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances irrespective of the prooxidant used. This polytropic antioxidant ability of A. muricata extract could be linked to its high polyphenolic content which confers on it, a strong redox property as well as a hydrogen donating power. This research therefore paves way for further investigation on the therapeutic actions of A. muricata in lipid peroxidation mediated ailments and diseases.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72748861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00324
Essie Samuel, S. Thomas, Kinjal Shah, Jonas Arthur
{"title":"Evaluation of a pharmacist-managed warfarin dosing service in a community hospital","authors":"Essie Samuel, S. Thomas, Kinjal Shah, Jonas Arthur","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00324","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"34-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75195671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00323
P. Anninos, A. Adamopoulos, N. Anninou, N. Tsagas
Previous studies with magneto encephalographic (MEG) recordings in patients with various brain disorders and the use of external picoTesla Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (pT-TMS) showed that, stimulation of the immune system was possible, depending on the proper function of the pineal gland (PG) and the melatonin hormone effect. A more detailed study of the underlying mechanisms is proposed, especially in the case that PG is calcified and melatonin secretion is partially prevented. A specifically designed electronic device can be used for the decalcification of the PG, or alternative as a hypothesis, oral intake of low doses of melatonin hormone could be given instead of using external pT-TMS. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate, that in case of PG dysfunction, external pT-TMS can be used, in order to enhance the immune system stimulation or as a hypothesis oral intake of low doses of melatonin hormone could be given against infectious agents.
{"title":"The pineal and thymus gland interaction on the immune system stimulation, through the melatonin hormone effect","authors":"P. Anninos, A. Adamopoulos, N. Anninou, N. Tsagas","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00323","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies with magneto encephalographic (MEG) recordings in patients with various brain disorders and the use of external picoTesla Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (pT-TMS) showed that, stimulation of the immune system was possible, depending on the proper function of the pineal gland (PG) and the melatonin hormone effect. A more detailed study of the underlying mechanisms is proposed, especially in the case that PG is calcified and melatonin secretion is partially prevented. A specifically designed electronic device can be used for the decalcification of the PG, or alternative as a hypothesis, oral intake of low doses of melatonin hormone could be given instead of using external pT-TMS. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate, that in case of PG dysfunction, external pT-TMS can be used, in order to enhance the immune system stimulation or as a hypothesis oral intake of low doses of melatonin hormone could be given against infectious agents.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78087957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00322
Marjan Dzeparoski
{"title":"Safety and labelling in non-EU Countries","authors":"Marjan Dzeparoski","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"27-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77473331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-26DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00321
Оlga Y Makаrоvа
The survey provides information on the current status of immunization, vaccines used, and vaccine components. The composition and general principles of the production of vaccine preparations are described. New generations of vaccines are characterized, indicating their disadvantages and advantages. The prospects of using new vaccines are analyzed. New generations of genetically engineered vaccines are absolutely safe due to the absence of residual pathogenicity, have a lower cost due to the reduction in the cost of industrial vaccine production, because there is no need for special equipment to protect personnel and the environment.
{"title":"Analysis of the application of biotechnological vaccines in immunology","authors":"Оlga Y Makаrоvа","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00321","url":null,"abstract":"The survey provides information on the current status of immunization, vaccines used, and vaccine components. The composition and general principles of the production of vaccine preparations are described. New generations of vaccines are characterized, indicating their disadvantages and advantages. The prospects of using new vaccines are analyzed. New generations of genetically engineered vaccines are absolutely safe due to the absence of residual pathogenicity, have a lower cost due to the reduction in the cost of industrial vaccine production, because there is no need for special equipment to protect personnel and the environment.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75025387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-11DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00320
R. Rosa, Débora Nascimento da Nóbrega
The change in body composition can affect the treatment of women who are undergoing treatment. The increase in body composition may present a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is determined by the increase in fatty acids, produced by inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), which has negative consequences for women with breast cancer. The study aimed to understand the association between body composition and inflammatory processes (TNF-α genetic polymorphism) in women with breast cancer. The research was developed through a literature review. The search was carried out in the SciElo, Pubmed, Lilacs and Google academic databases. 130 articles were found. The selected scientific texts were reduced to 11 for use in the review. There was a predominance of quantitative study design. The strategy used to search for studies were combinations of “oncology”, “polymorphisms”, “obesity”, “body composition” and “inflammatory process”. In the investigations of the high incidence of breast cancer in women and the inflammatory process activated by their own health conditions and treatment, the number of studies found was small. In all studies, the authors confirm that the TNF-α inflammatory process is a fundamental tool for planning cancer care. Future research is needed in order to analyze the habit of life and the environment that the individual is inserted to elucidate the association of altered body composition and breast cancer.
{"title":"Association between body composition and genetic polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha in women with breast cancer","authors":"R. Rosa, Débora Nascimento da Nóbrega","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00320","url":null,"abstract":"The change in body composition can affect the treatment of women who are undergoing treatment. The increase in body composition may present a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is determined by the increase in fatty acids, produced by inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), which has negative consequences for women with breast cancer. The study aimed to understand the association between body composition and inflammatory processes (TNF-α genetic polymorphism) in women with breast cancer. The research was developed through a literature review. The search was carried out in the SciElo, Pubmed, Lilacs and Google academic databases. 130 articles were found. The selected scientific texts were reduced to 11 for use in the review. There was a predominance of quantitative study design. The strategy used to search for studies were combinations of “oncology”, “polymorphisms”, “obesity”, “body composition” and “inflammatory process”. In the investigations of the high incidence of breast cancer in women and the inflammatory process activated by their own health conditions and treatment, the number of studies found was small. In all studies, the authors confirm that the TNF-α inflammatory process is a fundamental tool for planning cancer care. Future research is needed in order to analyze the habit of life and the environment that the individual is inserted to elucidate the association of altered body composition and breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85719060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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