Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00343
Saim Topçu, T. Ozen, A. Bal, M. Taş
In this study, nine novel compounds were synthesized in the reaction of ω-chloro- isonitrosoacetophenone with 2-chloro-4-methylaniline, 2-chloro-5-methylaniline, 2-chloro-6-methylaniline, 3-chloro-2-methylaniline, 4-chloro-3-methylaniline, 5-chloro-2-methylaniline, 2,3-dichloroaniline, 2,4-dichloroaniline and 3,5-dichloroaniline resulting for C1 - C9 , respectively. Compounds C1 , C4 - C7 and C9 were handled in single crystalline forms, which the structures were also investigated by X-ray single crystal analysis. Compounds were evaluated for their nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation inhibition, antioxidant and antiradical activities and compared with standard agents at 5, 50, and 100μM concentrations. Compounds are exhibited good antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation compared to standards (BHA, TBHQ, BHT and trolox). Due to the best of our knowledge for novel oxime compounds, this study is the first report of promising antioxidants to scavenge oxidative stress conditions.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activities of some novel oxime derivatives","authors":"Saim Topçu, T. Ozen, A. Bal, M. Taş","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00343","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, nine novel compounds were synthesized in the reaction of ω-chloro- isonitrosoacetophenone with 2-chloro-4-methylaniline, 2-chloro-5-methylaniline, 2-chloro-6-methylaniline, 3-chloro-2-methylaniline, 4-chloro-3-methylaniline, 5-chloro-2-methylaniline, 2,3-dichloroaniline, 2,4-dichloroaniline and 3,5-dichloroaniline resulting for C1 - C9 , respectively. Compounds C1 , C4 - C7 and C9 were handled in single crystalline forms, which the structures were also investigated by X-ray single crystal analysis. Compounds were evaluated for their nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation inhibition, antioxidant and antiradical activities and compared with standard agents at 5, 50, and 100μM concentrations. Compounds are exhibited good antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation compared to standards (BHA, TBHQ, BHT and trolox). Due to the best of our knowledge for novel oxime compounds, this study is the first report of promising antioxidants to scavenge oxidative stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81937389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00342
N. Bangash, N. Ismail, N. Hashim
Context: The addition of gefitinib to first-line chemotherapy treatment in EGFR mutated patients may lead to improvement in overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations with clinical features of non-small cell lung cancer patients and to determine overall survival (OS) of EGFR mutated adult NSCLC patients after gefitinib treatment. Settings and design: A retrospective observational study was done for 93 advanced NSCLC adult Malaysian patients at Radiotherapy and Oncology Clinic, Hospital Kuala Malaysia. Methods and material: Demographic and medical data were recorded from the patient’s medical record file. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test and Cox regression analysis have been performed. Results: There were 93 adult NSCLC Malaysian patients who were examined for EGFR gene mutations. Approximately 35.48% (33/93) of the patients were detected to have EGFR mutations in their tumour tissue DNA. EGFR mutations were commonly observed in females, adenocarcinoma, non-smokers, stage IV NSCLC and patients taking first-line gefitinib treatment. Positive EGFR status of adult NSCLC patients was independently associated with intake of gefitinib therapy. There were 19 patients who received 250 mg/day gefitinib as the first-line treatment. The patients with positive EGFR status had increased median survival time as compared than those with negative EGFR status (834.863 vs 246 days). Conclusions: Advanced NSCLC patients with mutated EGFR had a longer median survival time after first- line gefitinib treatment. EGFR mutation is an independent prognostic factor for adult NSCLC patients.
{"title":"Survival of gefitinib treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients harbouring EGNR mutations","authors":"N. Bangash, N. Ismail, N. Hashim","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00342","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The addition of gefitinib to first-line chemotherapy treatment in EGFR mutated patients may lead to improvement in overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations with clinical features of non-small cell lung cancer patients and to determine overall survival (OS) of EGFR mutated adult NSCLC patients after gefitinib treatment. Settings and design: A retrospective observational study was done for 93 advanced NSCLC adult Malaysian patients at Radiotherapy and Oncology Clinic, Hospital Kuala Malaysia. Methods and material: Demographic and medical data were recorded from the patient’s medical record file. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test and Cox regression analysis have been performed. Results: There were 93 adult NSCLC Malaysian patients who were examined for EGFR gene mutations. Approximately 35.48% (33/93) of the patients were detected to have EGFR mutations in their tumour tissue DNA. EGFR mutations were commonly observed in females, adenocarcinoma, non-smokers, stage IV NSCLC and patients taking first-line gefitinib treatment. Positive EGFR status of adult NSCLC patients was independently associated with intake of gefitinib therapy. There were 19 patients who received 250 mg/day gefitinib as the first-line treatment. The patients with positive EGFR status had increased median survival time as compared than those with negative EGFR status (834.863 vs 246 days). Conclusions: Advanced NSCLC patients with mutated EGFR had a longer median survival time after first- line gefitinib treatment. EGFR mutation is an independent prognostic factor for adult NSCLC patients.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79063266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00341
S. Sharaf
COVID-19 remains to be a disastrous pandemic chaotically affecting our lives to this day. This disease is caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Like other coronaviruses and RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription largely relies on the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). This enzyme produces a complementary RNA molecule from a template one. The necessity of this enzyme for the viral lifecycle has made it an attractive target for combating many RNA viruses. The famous RdRp inhibitor remdesivir has been granted use for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this work, we investigate a library of natural products with the aim of discovering new RdRp inhibitors for potential therapeutic purposes. The study comprises extensive biochemical docking and molecular filtration of the database where the resultant hits were evaluated for other molecular properties and pharmacophoric features. Two hit compounds were discovered to be potential therapeutic RdRp inhibitors, Sennoside B and Ginsenoside B2. The metabolites of these compounds were also predicted to investigate whether they would possess extended activity against the enzyme.
{"title":"Biochemical computational therapeutic approach towards the discovery of natural product noncovalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase","authors":"S. Sharaf","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00341","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 remains to be a disastrous pandemic chaotically affecting our lives to this day. This disease is caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Like other coronaviruses and RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription largely relies on the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). This enzyme produces a complementary RNA molecule from a template one. The necessity of this enzyme for the viral lifecycle has made it an attractive target for combating many RNA viruses. The famous RdRp inhibitor remdesivir has been granted use for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this work, we investigate a library of natural products with the aim of discovering new RdRp inhibitors for potential therapeutic purposes. The study comprises extensive biochemical docking and molecular filtration of the database where the resultant hits were evaluated for other molecular properties and pharmacophoric features. Two hit compounds were discovered to be potential therapeutic RdRp inhibitors, Sennoside B and Ginsenoside B2. The metabolites of these compounds were also predicted to investigate whether they would possess extended activity against the enzyme.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81049689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lung cancer, one of the critical respiratory system diseases, has the highest morbidity rate (14.3%) among men and third in women (8.4%) worldwide. Severe side effects and ineffectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs lead to the investigation of new functional agents. One of the latest strategies against the proliferation of cancer is using nanoparticles. On the other hand, the natural composition of those particles significantly affects their efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the structural differences of silver, iron, and silica nanoparticles on lung cancer cells. All nanoparticles were synthesized with an average size of 40 nm, and their particle sizes were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The cell viability and cytotoxic potential of nanoparticles were investigated using the Alamar Blue reagent. The ratio of the alive and dead cells was determined by the Automated Cell Counter using Trypan Blue. Localization of nanoparticles in the cells was visualized floresans microscope. Within the nanoparticles, the silica nanoparticle (SiNPs) showed the highest cytotoxicity in the lung cancer cell line with an IC 50 value of 151.3μg/mL in a dose-dependent manner. Neither FeNPs nor AgNPs showed significant toxic effects on the proliferation of A549 cells (>250µg/mL). SiNPs were localized mainly in the cytoplasm. SiNPs have seen higher catalytic activity than AgNPs and FeNPs. The functionalization of the surface of silica nanoparticles and the ability to bind functional groups or drug candidates both on the surface and inside make them an essential agent in cancer treatments.
{"title":"Investigation of structural differences of silica, silver and iron nanoparticles on the proliferation of human lung cancer","authors":"S. Karakurt, Sureyya Erturk, Irem Sobaci, Irem Bereket, Sadik Seker, Gamze Polat","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00339","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer, one of the critical respiratory system diseases, has the highest morbidity rate (14.3%) among men and third in women (8.4%) worldwide. Severe side effects and ineffectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs lead to the investigation of new functional agents. One of the latest strategies against the proliferation of cancer is using nanoparticles. On the other hand, the natural composition of those particles significantly affects their efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the structural differences of silver, iron, and silica nanoparticles on lung cancer cells. All nanoparticles were synthesized with an average size of 40 nm, and their particle sizes were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The cell viability and cytotoxic potential of nanoparticles were investigated using the Alamar Blue reagent. The ratio of the alive and dead cells was determined by the Automated Cell Counter using Trypan Blue. Localization of nanoparticles in the cells was visualized floresans microscope. Within the nanoparticles, the silica nanoparticle (SiNPs) showed the highest cytotoxicity in the lung cancer cell line with an IC 50 value of 151.3μg/mL in a dose-dependent manner. Neither FeNPs nor AgNPs showed significant toxic effects on the proliferation of A549 cells (>250µg/mL). SiNPs were localized mainly in the cytoplasm. SiNPs have seen higher catalytic activity than AgNPs and FeNPs. The functionalization of the surface of silica nanoparticles and the ability to bind functional groups or drug candidates both on the surface and inside make them an essential agent in cancer treatments.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84759869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00338
Ira Adiyati Rum, Husnul W Suherman, Idar K
Skin needs care to avoid premature aging. One of them is treatment with natural-based masks that have antioxidant activity. This study aims to see the antioxidant potential of various concentrations of natural ingredients yogurt and seaweed Eucheuma cottonii as active substances in the manufacture of peel-off gel masks. The method used in this research is the fermentation method for making yogurt, stability test for 28 days at room temperature and antioxidant test with DPPH, to determine the antioxidant power of the five variations of the mask formulation by measuring the IC50 value obtained by reading the absorbance with UV Spectrophotometer -Vis. The results obtained from this study are Formula 4 (F4) has the lowest IC50 value of 18.647 where the IC50 value can be categorized as an antioxidant with very strong strength. The results of the stability test can be stated that the preparation remains stable at room temperature storage for 28 days. The conclusion from the results of this study is that F4 (yogurt: seaweed 1:1) has the highest antioxidant activity strength among other formulations.
{"title":"Formulation and evaluation of peel-off gel mask from whole milk yogurt and seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) as antioxidants sources","authors":"Ira Adiyati Rum, Husnul W Suherman, Idar K","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00338","url":null,"abstract":"Skin needs care to avoid premature aging. One of them is treatment with natural-based masks that have antioxidant activity. This study aims to see the antioxidant potential of various concentrations of natural ingredients yogurt and seaweed Eucheuma cottonii as active substances in the manufacture of peel-off gel masks. The method used in this research is the fermentation method for making yogurt, stability test for 28 days at room temperature and antioxidant test with DPPH, to determine the antioxidant power of the five variations of the mask formulation by measuring the IC50 value obtained by reading the absorbance with UV Spectrophotometer -Vis. The results obtained from this study are Formula 4 (F4) has the lowest IC50 value of 18.647 where the IC50 value can be categorized as an antioxidant with very strong strength. The results of the stability test can be stated that the preparation remains stable at room temperature storage for 28 days. The conclusion from the results of this study is that F4 (yogurt: seaweed 1:1) has the highest antioxidant activity strength among other formulations.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75911634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00337
D. Meyer
A BSL-4 laboratory is extremely isolated, in negative pressureoften located in a separate building or in an isolated and restricted zone of the building. The laboratory also features a dedicated supply and exhausts air, as well as protected vacuum lines and reproducible decontamination systems. What alternative with the same separation technologies, knowing that each piece of technology has to be validated prior and after use.
{"title":"Stringent isolator technology when handling highly pathogenic BSL-4 materials","authors":"D. Meyer","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00337","url":null,"abstract":"A BSL-4 laboratory is extremely isolated, in negative pressureoften located in a separate building or in an isolated and restricted zone of the building. The laboratory also features a dedicated supply and exhausts air, as well as protected vacuum lines and reproducible decontamination systems. What alternative with the same separation technologies, knowing that each piece of technology has to be validated prior and after use.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"127-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79861688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00334
C. Parga-Lozano, Nohemi Santodomingo
The genetic polymorphisms of the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) and Cytochromes P450 (CYP) CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 have been proposed as key elements for susceptibility to antiepileptic drugs such as Phenytoin (PHT) and Carbamazepine (CBZ). These hepatic isoenzymes and HLA´s exhibit genetic polymorphism with interindividual variability in catalytic activity. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is one of the idiosyncratic adverse effects related to PHT and CBZ. The aim of this work is to relate the polymorphisms of the HLA and CYP alleles with the Stevens- Johnson syndrome caused by phenytoin and carbamazepine in the Amerindian population of Colombia. Methodology: A systematic search was carried out in Clinical Key, Pro Quest and PubMed, the results were tabulated and organized according to their expression to be analyzed by means of the MEGA7 software, using Allele Frequencies to know the allelic frequency of HLA in the Colombian Amerindian population. Results: It was found that the increased risk of Stevens- Johnson syndrome by Phenytoin and Carbamazepine was significantly linked with HLA-A*23: 01, HLA-A*30: 01, HLA-A*30: 02, HLA-A*03:01, HLA-A*11: 01, HLA-A*26: 01, HLA-A*29: 02, HLA-A*68: 01, HLA-A*02: 01, HLA-A*02:22 relating HLA-B*15: 02 and HLA-B*51: 01 as a risk factor and HLA-A*24: 02 as a protective marker for SJS. In the population studied in this work, the presence of the alleles HLA-A*23:01, HLA-A*30:01, HLA-A*30:02, HLA-A*03:01, HLA-A*11:01, HLA-A*26:01, and HLA-A*24:02, like CYP2C9*3 and CYP2C19.
{"title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome: relation with phenytoin and carbamazepine associated with HLA and CYP polymorphism in Colombia","authors":"C. Parga-Lozano, Nohemi Santodomingo","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00334","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic polymorphisms of the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) and Cytochromes P450 (CYP) CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 have been proposed as key elements for susceptibility to antiepileptic drugs such as Phenytoin (PHT) and Carbamazepine (CBZ). These hepatic isoenzymes and HLA´s exhibit genetic polymorphism with interindividual variability in catalytic activity. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is one of the idiosyncratic adverse effects related to PHT and CBZ. The aim of this work is to relate the polymorphisms of the HLA and CYP alleles with the Stevens- Johnson syndrome caused by phenytoin and carbamazepine in the Amerindian population of Colombia. Methodology: A systematic search was carried out in Clinical Key, Pro Quest and PubMed, the results were tabulated and organized according to their expression to be analyzed by means of the MEGA7 software, using Allele Frequencies to know the allelic frequency of HLA in the Colombian Amerindian population. Results: It was found that the increased risk of Stevens- Johnson syndrome by Phenytoin and Carbamazepine was significantly linked with HLA-A*23: 01, HLA-A*30: 01, HLA-A*30: 02, HLA-A*03:01, HLA-A*11: 01, HLA-A*26: 01, HLA-A*29: 02, HLA-A*68: 01, HLA-A*02: 01, HLA-A*02:22 relating HLA-B*15: 02 and HLA-B*51: 01 as a risk factor and HLA-A*24: 02 as a protective marker for SJS. In the population studied in this work, the presence of the alleles HLA-A*23:01, HLA-A*30:01, HLA-A*30:02, HLA-A*03:01, HLA-A*11:01, HLA-A*26:01, and HLA-A*24:02, like CYP2C9*3 and CYP2C19.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84815872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00333
S. Sharaf
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, practice, and pharmaceutical outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus selfmanagement among patients in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"S. Sharaf","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2021.09.00333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79324885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-25DOI: 10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00331
C. R. Armendáriz, Veronica Saray Hernandez Garcia, Daida Alberto Armas, I. Bethencourt, A. H. D. L. Torre
Opioids have historically been the pharmacological choice in the treatment of moderate to severe pain of oncological and chronic origin but they have also become a growing and controversial tool in the treatment of non-oncological pain that requires a risk/ benefit evaluation. The present study focuses on the opioid tapentadol, the newest opioid considered highly effective in treating cancer and non-cancer pain. According to the WHO Collaborating Center for Drugs Statistics Methodology, the stated Tapendatol Defined Daily Dose (DDD) for oral administration is 400 mg but the prescribed doses range from 100 mg/day in patients without previous opioid treatments up to a maximum of 600 mg/ day. However, the DDD is a unit of measurement that does not have to reflect the prescribed daily dose (PDD) because therapeutic doses usually differ from DDDs by taking into account individual patient considerations and pharmacokinetic conditions. This retrospective observational study in a community pharmacy on
{"title":"Risk indicators in tapentadol use: opportunities to improve outcomes with a personal pharmaceutical care approach in community pharmacies","authors":"C. R. Armendáriz, Veronica Saray Hernandez Garcia, Daida Alberto Armas, I. Bethencourt, A. H. D. L. Torre","doi":"10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2021.09.00331","url":null,"abstract":"Opioids have historically been the pharmacological choice in the treatment of moderate to severe pain of oncological and chronic origin but they have also become a growing and controversial tool in the treatment of non-oncological pain that requires a risk/ benefit evaluation. The present study focuses on the opioid tapentadol, the newest opioid considered highly effective in treating cancer and non-cancer pain. According to the WHO Collaborating Center for Drugs Statistics Methodology, the stated Tapendatol Defined Daily Dose (DDD) for oral administration is 400 mg but the prescribed doses range from 100 mg/day in patients without previous opioid treatments up to a maximum of 600 mg/ day. However, the DDD is a unit of measurement that does not have to reflect the prescribed daily dose (PDD) because therapeutic doses usually differ from DDDs by taking into account individual patient considerations and pharmacokinetic conditions. This retrospective observational study in a community pharmacy on","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88246095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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