B. Khan, Humaira Mahmood, Sadaf Jamil, Muhammad Arfan Hadyait, Rawshan Jabeen
Background: Maternal and newborn mortality is a global public health issue. Pakistan is lagging much behind in target of improving maternal and child health due to underutilization of antenatal care services. Aim: To determine utilization of the ANC services by pregnant women and barriers in utilization of ANC services at primary health care level of Hazro District Attock. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hazro of District Attock, Pakistan with sample size of 425 pregnant women in their third trimester selected by simple random sampling technique over a period of six months from Jan 2021 to Jun 2021. A structured Questionnaire was used for the data collection regarding the barriers related to utilization of antenatal care services by interview. Analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Results: The mean age of women was 27.76±5.41 years with 75.8% were from rural side. In socioeconomic status 60.5% women had high, 33.4% had middle and 6.1% had low status of socioeconomic. The complete utilization of antenatal cares were observed in 62.8% women. We found distance of health care facility (p=0.006), transport availability (p=0.0001), cost of transport (p=0.0001), availability of personnel and services (p=0.006), ambulance availability (p=0.006) and working hours of health care facility (p=0.004) as a main barriers. Practical implication: The results of current study will help in providing MCH services at door step with proper planning to minimize the barriers in utilization of ANC services for the community. Conclusions: We conclude that Utilization of MCH services by pregnant women at primary care level in Hazro of District Attock was low i.e. 62.8%. The barriers in the utilization of MCH services at PHC level were financial poverty crisis, distance of antenatal care facility, transport availability, cost of transport, poor medical facilities, absence of ambulance and working hours are important barriers in seeking and availing antenatal care services. Keywords: ANC services, pregnant women, barriers, utilization, primary health care level, District Attock
背景:孕产妇和新生儿死亡率是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。由于产前保健服务利用不足，巴基斯坦在改善妇幼保健的目标方面远远落后。目的:确定哈兹罗区攻击区孕妇对非国大服务的利用情况以及在初级卫生保健层面利用非国大服务的障碍。方法:本横断面研究于2021年1月至2021年6月在巴基斯坦阿托克地区的哈兹罗进行，样本量为425名孕晚期孕妇，采用简单随机抽样方法，样本量为6个月。通过访谈，采用结构化问卷收集有关产前保健服务使用障碍的数据。使用SPSS version 23进行分析。结果:女性平均年龄27.76±5.41岁，其中农村占75.8%。在社会经济地位方面，60.5%的妇女社会经济地位高，33.4%的妇女社会经济地位中，6.1%的妇女社会经济地位低。62.8%的妇女完全利用了产前护理。我们发现卫生保健设施的距离(p=0.006)、交通可用性(p=0.0001)、运输成本(p=0.0001)、人员和服务的可用性(p=0.006)、救护车可用性(p=0.006)和卫生保健设施的工作时间(p=0.004)是主要障碍。实际意义:本研究的结果将有助于在适当的规划下提供母婴保健服务，以尽量减少社区利用母婴保健服务的障碍。结论:我们得出的结论是，在攻击区Hazro初级保健水平的孕妇MCH服务的利用率较低，为62.8%。在初级保健一级利用妇幼保健服务的障碍是:财政贫困危机、产前保健设施的距离、交通便利、运输费用、医疗设施差、没有救护车和工作时间是寻求和利用产前保健服务的重要障碍。关键词:ANC服务，孕妇，障碍，利用，初级卫生保健水平，地区攻击
{"title":"Barriers Related to Antenatal Care Utilization at Primary Health Care Level in Pregnant Women of Hazro District Attock","authors":"B. Khan, Humaira Mahmood, Sadaf Jamil, Muhammad Arfan Hadyait, Rawshan Jabeen","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs202317678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317678","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maternal and newborn mortality is a global public health issue. Pakistan is lagging much behind in target of improving maternal and child health due to underutilization of antenatal care services. Aim: To determine utilization of the ANC services by pregnant women and barriers in utilization of ANC services at primary health care level of Hazro District Attock. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hazro of District Attock, Pakistan with sample size of 425 pregnant women in their third trimester selected by simple random sampling technique over a period of six months from Jan 2021 to Jun 2021. A structured Questionnaire was used for the data collection regarding the barriers related to utilization of antenatal care services by interview. Analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Results: The mean age of women was 27.76±5.41 years with 75.8% were from rural side. In socioeconomic status 60.5% women had high, 33.4% had middle and 6.1% had low status of socioeconomic. The complete utilization of antenatal cares were observed in 62.8% women. We found distance of health care facility (p=0.006), transport availability (p=0.0001), cost of transport (p=0.0001), availability of personnel and services (p=0.006), ambulance availability (p=0.006) and working hours of health care facility (p=0.004) as a main barriers. Practical implication: The results of current study will help in providing MCH services at door step with proper planning to minimize the barriers in utilization of ANC services for the community. Conclusions: We conclude that Utilization of MCH services by pregnant women at primary care level in Hazro of District Attock was low i.e. 62.8%. The barriers in the utilization of MCH services at PHC level were financial poverty crisis, distance of antenatal care facility, transport availability, cost of transport, poor medical facilities, absence of ambulance and working hours are important barriers in seeking and availing antenatal care services. Keywords: ANC services, pregnant women, barriers, utilization, primary health care level, District Attock","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78804636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ismail Mazhar, Q. Khan, Nouman Asad, Hunniya Bint E Riaz, Khawaja Haider Sami, Aiza Faisal Khan
Aim: To find the emotional and environmental stress in hostel resident medical students. Methods: The undertaken cross-sectional comparative study aims to identify and compare the responses of final and initial (2nd year) year medical students living in hostel in a private medical college in Lahore to environmental and emotional stress through a structured questionnaire. The 125 responses were analyzed through SPSS. Results: Stress of two types faced by medical hostel students were analyzed in the study. The study showed that responses ranged from lack of medical facilities to hostel rules in environmental stress and disloyalty to extra burden of study activities in emotional stress. A comparison of responses showed that there was no significant difference between males and females as both faced similar environmental and emotional stress. Further, analysis depicted that initial-year hostellers were more sensitive to both types of stress as compared to final-year medical hostellers. Thus, finally, the results highlighted that emotional factors caused more stress as compared to environmental factors. Practical implication: The study would help the students with an insight, realization, and identification of situations that could cause stress during hostel life experiences. This understanding could be helpful in overcoming the issues before they cause emotional or environmental stress, thus developing the capacity to cope in a productive manner. Further, this study would be helpful in arranging and providing professional mentoring. Conclusion: It is concluded that stress is unavoidable and is likely to be experienced by medical students residing in hostels. The study focused on stress caused by environment and emotions. The results of the study suggest that it was important to realize and identify stress-causing situations for students to focus on study challenges with a healthy mind and body. Keywords: Medical students, hostel, stress, psychological stress, mental health
{"title":"A Comparative Assessment of Stress Levels between Initial and Final Year MBBS Hostel Residents of a private medical college in Lahore","authors":"Ismail Mazhar, Q. Khan, Nouman Asad, Hunniya Bint E Riaz, Khawaja Haider Sami, Aiza Faisal Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs202317682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317682","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To find the emotional and environmental stress in hostel resident medical students. Methods: The undertaken cross-sectional comparative study aims to identify and compare the responses of final and initial (2nd year) year medical students living in hostel in a private medical college in Lahore to environmental and emotional stress through a structured questionnaire. The 125 responses were analyzed through SPSS. Results: Stress of two types faced by medical hostel students were analyzed in the study. The study showed that responses ranged from lack of medical facilities to hostel rules in environmental stress and disloyalty to extra burden of study activities in emotional stress. A comparison of responses showed that there was no significant difference between males and females as both faced similar environmental and emotional stress. Further, analysis depicted that initial-year hostellers were more sensitive to both types of stress as compared to final-year medical hostellers. Thus, finally, the results highlighted that emotional factors caused more stress as compared to environmental factors. Practical implication: The study would help the students with an insight, realization, and identification of situations that could cause stress during hostel life experiences. This understanding could be helpful in overcoming the issues before they cause emotional or environmental stress, thus developing the capacity to cope in a productive manner. Further, this study would be helpful in arranging and providing professional mentoring. Conclusion: It is concluded that stress is unavoidable and is likely to be experienced by medical students residing in hostels. The study focused on stress caused by environment and emotions. The results of the study suggest that it was important to realize and identify stress-causing situations for students to focus on study challenges with a healthy mind and body. Keywords: Medical students, hostel, stress, psychological stress, mental health","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"356 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76497391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176152
Ismat Jabin, A. Minhas, Farrah Yousaf, H. Syeda, Samra Irum, Shamaila Rafique, G. Yasmeen
Aim: To see the efficacy of meglumine antimoniate alone in comparison with combination of meglumine antimoniate and CO2 ablative laser among patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Study design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and duration of study: Department of Dermatology, Pakistan Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 9th July 2020 to 8th January 2021. Methodology: Sixty patients (30 in each group) diagnosed cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis by skin biopsy or slit skin smear were enrolled. In group A; intramuscular injection of meglumine antimoniate (dose 20 mg/kg daily) was administered for 28 days and group B was treated with intramuscular meglumine antimoniate injection along with fractional C02 ablative laser. Standard digital photography was done before start of treatment and then every 2 weeks. Results: Efficacy of meglumine antimoniate alone was observed in 60% of patients while it was 86.7% when combined with fractional CO2 ablative laser. Better outcome was observed when such patients were treated with both meglumine antimoniate and fractional CO2 laser. Efficacy was measured after 6 x weeks in all patients of both groups. Clinical Implication: Hence CO2 lasers are latest modality of treatment with minimal side effects and can be used in treatment of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Conclusion: Efficacy of meglumine antimoniate plus fractional CO2 laser found to be higher as compared to meglumine antimonate alone in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis. Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, CO2 fractional ablative laser, Meglumine antimoniate, Slit skin smear
{"title":"Comparison of Injection Meglumine Antimoniate with a Combination of Injection Meglumine Antimoniate and Carbon Dioxide Fractional Ablative Laser in Treatment of Cutaneous Leshmaniasis","authors":"Ismat Jabin, A. Minhas, Farrah Yousaf, H. Syeda, Samra Irum, Shamaila Rafique, G. Yasmeen","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176152","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To see the efficacy of meglumine antimoniate alone in comparison with combination of meglumine antimoniate and CO2 ablative laser among patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Study design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and duration of study: Department of Dermatology, Pakistan Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 9th July 2020 to 8th January 2021. Methodology: Sixty patients (30 in each group) diagnosed cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis by skin biopsy or slit skin smear were enrolled. In group A; intramuscular injection of meglumine antimoniate (dose 20 mg/kg daily) was administered for 28 days and group B was treated with intramuscular meglumine antimoniate injection along with fractional C02 ablative laser. Standard digital photography was done before start of treatment and then every 2 weeks. Results: Efficacy of meglumine antimoniate alone was observed in 60% of patients while it was 86.7% when combined with fractional CO2 ablative laser. Better outcome was observed when such patients were treated with both meglumine antimoniate and fractional CO2 laser. Efficacy was measured after 6 x weeks in all patients of both groups. Clinical Implication: Hence CO2 lasers are latest modality of treatment with minimal side effects and can be used in treatment of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Conclusion: Efficacy of meglumine antimoniate plus fractional CO2 laser found to be higher as compared to meglumine antimonate alone in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis. Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, CO2 fractional ablative laser, Meglumine antimoniate, Slit skin smear","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79154388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sm, Siddique M,, Abbas Mq, Farooq Mf, Malik S, Khan Ha
Aim: Determining efficacy of pre-operative bolus dose of dexmedetomidine 0.75 and 0.5µg/kg as an infusion and compare it with placebo in attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation (LTI). Design: Double-blind randomized control. Place & duration: Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan, from August 2019 to August 2021. Methodology: Patients were stratified into three groups. Group A received normal saline (NS), Group B received dexmedetomidine 0.5 μ/kg and Group C received dexmedetomidine 0.75 μ/kg as an infusion over 10 minutes followed by standardized general anaesthesia. Primary outcome measures were hemodynamic variables at 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes post LTI. Secondary outcome measures were adverse effects related to dexmedetomidine. Results: Both dexmedetomidine groups showed better attenuation of hemodynamic response to LTI thansaline group. Dexmedetomidine 0.75 µg/kg attenuated hemodynamic response to LTIsignificantly better thandexmedetomidine 0.5 μ/kgand placebo without causing any statistically significant adverse effects. Practical implication: The function of dexmedetomidine in attenuating hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy has several practical implications, including improved patient safety, optimal dosing, reduced anaesthetic requirements, cost-effective treatment, and enhanced patient comfort. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 0.75 µg/kg efficient than 0.5 µg/kg and placebo in attenuating hemodynamic response to LTI when given as a pre-induction bolus. Keywords: Anesthesia; Dexmedetomidine, Laryngoscopy, Intubation, Stress Response.
{"title":"Role of Dexmedetomidine in Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy - A Dose-Finding Study","authors":"A. Sm, Siddique M,, Abbas Mq, Farooq Mf, Malik S, Khan Ha","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs202317696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317696","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Determining efficacy of pre-operative bolus dose of dexmedetomidine 0.75 and 0.5µg/kg as an infusion and compare it with placebo in attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation (LTI). Design: Double-blind randomized control. Place & duration: Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan, from August 2019 to August 2021. Methodology: Patients were stratified into three groups. Group A received normal saline (NS), Group B received dexmedetomidine 0.5 μ/kg and Group C received dexmedetomidine 0.75 μ/kg as an infusion over 10 minutes followed by standardized general anaesthesia. Primary outcome measures were hemodynamic variables at 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes post LTI. Secondary outcome measures were adverse effects related to dexmedetomidine. Results: Both dexmedetomidine groups showed better attenuation of hemodynamic response to LTI thansaline group. Dexmedetomidine 0.75 µg/kg attenuated hemodynamic response to LTIsignificantly better thandexmedetomidine 0.5 μ/kgand placebo without causing any statistically significant adverse effects. Practical implication: The function of dexmedetomidine in attenuating hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy has several practical implications, including improved patient safety, optimal dosing, reduced anaesthetic requirements, cost-effective treatment, and enhanced patient comfort. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 0.75 µg/kg efficient than 0.5 µg/kg and placebo in attenuating hemodynamic response to LTI when given as a pre-induction bolus. Keywords: Anesthesia; Dexmedetomidine, Laryngoscopy, Intubation, Stress Response.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81594170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176174
A. Sultan, F. F. Jang, Amna Malik
Aim: To find the frequency of CSF leakage after primary repair of incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery with use of fibrin glue. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Place and duration of study: Neurosurgery Unit 2, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 25-02-2021 to 25-08-2021. Methodology: Sixty five patients admitted for lumbar spine surgery and informed written consent was taken. All the cases were operated in elective operation theatre. Valsalva maneuver was performed per-operatively in all patients to assess CSF leakage. In all patients having incidental durotomy diagnosed per-operatively, primary repair with Prolene 4-0 was done and sealed with fribrin glue. Patients were examined on daily basis for CSF leakage. In case of no complication, patient was discharged on day 07 after surgery. In case of CSF leakage on clinical examination, MRI spine was done. After discharge, patient was followed in OPD on weekly basis for 30 days. CSF leak was done as per operational definition. Results: Total of 65 patients, 41(63.1%) were in age group of 16-40 years and 187(36.9%) were in age group of 41-75 years and mean age was calculated as 38.93±11.47 years. There were 44(67.7%) were male whereas 21(32.2%) were females. Frequency of CSF leakage was 9(13.8%) after primary repair of incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery with use of fibrin glue. Practical Implication: We found that frequency of CSF leakage was 13.8% after primary repair of incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery with use of fibrin glue. The rate of CSF leakage is low. Therefore, we concluded that fibrin glue is useful for the treatment of incidental durotomy in lumber spine surgery. Conclusion: This study showed that the CSF leakage was 13.8%. As the rate of CSF leakage is low. Therefore, we concluded that fibrin glue is useful for the treatment of incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery. Keywords: Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, Incidental Durotomy, Lumbar Spine Surgery.
{"title":"Frequency of CSF Leak after Primary Repair of Incidental Durotomy in Lumbar Spine Surgery with use of Fibrin Glue","authors":"A. Sultan, F. F. Jang, Amna Malik","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176174","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To find the frequency of CSF leakage after primary repair of incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery with use of fibrin glue. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Place and duration of study: Neurosurgery Unit 2, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 25-02-2021 to 25-08-2021. Methodology: Sixty five patients admitted for lumbar spine surgery and informed written consent was taken. All the cases were operated in elective operation theatre. Valsalva maneuver was performed per-operatively in all patients to assess CSF leakage. In all patients having incidental durotomy diagnosed per-operatively, primary repair with Prolene 4-0 was done and sealed with fribrin glue. Patients were examined on daily basis for CSF leakage. In case of no complication, patient was discharged on day 07 after surgery. In case of CSF leakage on clinical examination, MRI spine was done. After discharge, patient was followed in OPD on weekly basis for 30 days. CSF leak was done as per operational definition. Results: Total of 65 patients, 41(63.1%) were in age group of 16-40 years and 187(36.9%) were in age group of 41-75 years and mean age was calculated as 38.93±11.47 years. There were 44(67.7%) were male whereas 21(32.2%) were females. Frequency of CSF leakage was 9(13.8%) after primary repair of incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery with use of fibrin glue. Practical Implication: We found that frequency of CSF leakage was 13.8% after primary repair of incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery with use of fibrin glue. The rate of CSF leakage is low. Therefore, we concluded that fibrin glue is useful for the treatment of incidental durotomy in lumber spine surgery. Conclusion: This study showed that the CSF leakage was 13.8%. As the rate of CSF leakage is low. Therefore, we concluded that fibrin glue is useful for the treatment of incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery. Keywords: Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, Incidental Durotomy, Lumbar Spine Surgery.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73122158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mah-E-Jabeen Sear, S. Naeem, S. Mukhtar, Shaista Hussain, Iram Qamar, Javaria Latif
Background: In this investigation, the levels of urine Angiotensin Converting Enzyme(ACE2)in patients with Type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure were evaluated and their results compared in individuals having raised blood pressure but they had normal blood sugar control. Given the growing body of evidence linking ACE 2 insufficiency to the etiology of hypertension in diabetic patients, we hoped to find higher Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 levels in the urine of hypertensive diabetic patients than in those without diabetes. Aim: As a result, new pathways for the development of antihypertensive medicines aimed at protecting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2, particularly in diabetic patients, may open up. Methods: Two groups, each with 49 subjects, were created from a population of chosen subjects.Patients with diabetes and hypertension were chosen from the Services Institute of Medical Sciences diabetic clinic and medical wards in Lahore. In the clinics, anthropometric characteristics and blood sugar levels were recorded. In the Physiology Laboratory at University of Health Sciences, blood samples were obtained and maintained in order to evaluate biochemical characteristics. Results: We calculated the median value in each group because the data for urine Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 readings was not dispersedevenly. Non-diabetic hypertension participants had a median of 26.47mg/dl, while hypertensivediabetic subjects had a median of 22.86mg/dl. This difference in ACE 2 levels in the urine was statistically significant (p0.05). Non-diabetic, hypertension patients had greater urinary Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 levels than diabetic, hypertensive patients. Conclusion: Contrary to our expectations, we were unable to confirm that urine Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 readingsare higher in people with high arterial pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is despite the fact that the current study confirmed that both type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Key words: Renin Aldosterone-Angiotensin System, urinary Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 levels, Chronic Kidney Disease
{"title":"Comparison of Urinary Ace 2 Levels in Individuals with Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes with Individuals who have Hypertension but not Diabetes","authors":"Mah-E-Jabeen Sear, S. Naeem, S. Mukhtar, Shaista Hussain, Iram Qamar, Javaria Latif","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs202317675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317675","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this investigation, the levels of urine Angiotensin Converting Enzyme(ACE2)in patients with Type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure were evaluated and their results compared in individuals having raised blood pressure but they had normal blood sugar control. Given the growing body of evidence linking ACE 2 insufficiency to the etiology of hypertension in diabetic patients, we hoped to find higher Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 levels in the urine of hypertensive diabetic patients than in those without diabetes. Aim: As a result, new pathways for the development of antihypertensive medicines aimed at protecting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2, particularly in diabetic patients, may open up. Methods: Two groups, each with 49 subjects, were created from a population of chosen subjects.Patients with diabetes and hypertension were chosen from the Services Institute of Medical Sciences diabetic clinic and medical wards in Lahore. In the clinics, anthropometric characteristics and blood sugar levels were recorded. In the Physiology Laboratory at University of Health Sciences, blood samples were obtained and maintained in order to evaluate biochemical characteristics. Results: We calculated the median value in each group because the data for urine Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 readings was not dispersedevenly. Non-diabetic hypertension participants had a median of 26.47mg/dl, while hypertensivediabetic subjects had a median of 22.86mg/dl. This difference in ACE 2 levels in the urine was statistically significant (p0.05). Non-diabetic, hypertension patients had greater urinary Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 levels than diabetic, hypertensive patients. Conclusion: Contrary to our expectations, we were unable to confirm that urine Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 readingsare higher in people with high arterial pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is despite the fact that the current study confirmed that both type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Key words: Renin Aldosterone-Angiotensin System, urinary Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 levels, Chronic Kidney Disease","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89066793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: An esthetic smile comes from various smile elements and requires knowing the complexities that control the equilibrium between teeth and soft tissues. In all dentistry areas, especially in prosthodontics and restorative dentistry, restoring a natural dental appearance has gained a lot of importance. This study's results will lead us to the popular esthetic choices for forming anterior maxillary teeth among Khyber Pakhtunkhwa patients Aim: To determine the esthetic preference for the shape of maxillary anterior teeth. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Prosthodontics, Sardar Begum Dental College & Hospital, Peshawar from 17th July 2021 to 17th January 2022. Methodology: After taking the study's approval from the hospital ethical review committee board, 196 patients reporting to the Prosthodontics Department who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study. Patients were shown photograph displaying only maxillary teeth having three primary forms of five distinct incisor varieties, i.e., square (S), oval (O), triangular (T), and the two different maxillary teeth form: tapered-ovoid (TO) and square- tapering (ST). Results: The frequency of esthetic preference, 55(28.1%) patients had square incisor ‘S’, 23(11.7%) patients had ovoid incisors ‘O’, 44(22.4%) had triangular incisors ‘T’, 34(17.3%) patients had square tapered ‘ST’ while 40(20.4%) patients had tapered ovoid ‘TO’ esthetic preference. Practical Implication: Dentists preferred square-round incisors. In the study, there are some lay people does not discriminate between incisors shape for women. Dentists preferred square-round incisors. In the study, there are some lay people does not discriminate between incisors shape for women. Conclusion: Female patients of younger age group were affected by their esthetic perception of the shapes of the maxillary anterior teeth as compared to the male patients of the same group and most of the patients had square incisor ‘S’ as their choice of esthetic preference. Key words: Esthetic smile, Esthetic preference, Maxillary anterior teeth
{"title":"The Influence of Age and Gender on the Esthetic Preference for the Shape of Maxillary Anterior Teeth","authors":"Hanif Ullah, Farhan Raees, Maryam Dil, Rozeena Farooq, Hanzala Waqar, Muhammad Haseebullah Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An esthetic smile comes from various smile elements and requires knowing the complexities that control the equilibrium between teeth and soft tissues. In all dentistry areas, especially in prosthodontics and restorative dentistry, restoring a natural dental appearance has gained a lot of importance. This study's results will lead us to the popular esthetic choices for forming anterior maxillary teeth among Khyber Pakhtunkhwa patients Aim: To determine the esthetic preference for the shape of maxillary anterior teeth. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Prosthodontics, Sardar Begum Dental College & Hospital, Peshawar from 17th July 2021 to 17th January 2022. Methodology: After taking the study's approval from the hospital ethical review committee board, 196 patients reporting to the Prosthodontics Department who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study. Patients were shown photograph displaying only maxillary teeth having three primary forms of five distinct incisor varieties, i.e., square (S), oval (O), triangular (T), and the two different maxillary teeth form: tapered-ovoid (TO) and square- tapering (ST). Results: The frequency of esthetic preference, 55(28.1%) patients had square incisor ‘S’, 23(11.7%) patients had ovoid incisors ‘O’, 44(22.4%) had triangular incisors ‘T’, 34(17.3%) patients had square tapered ‘ST’ while 40(20.4%) patients had tapered ovoid ‘TO’ esthetic preference. Practical Implication: Dentists preferred square-round incisors. In the study, there are some lay people does not discriminate between incisors shape for women. Dentists preferred square-round incisors. In the study, there are some lay people does not discriminate between incisors shape for women. Conclusion: Female patients of younger age group were affected by their esthetic perception of the shapes of the maxillary anterior teeth as compared to the male patients of the same group and most of the patients had square incisor ‘S’ as their choice of esthetic preference. Key words: Esthetic smile, Esthetic preference, Maxillary anterior teeth","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84806278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176127
Ayyazada Farhana, Samina Kouser, M. Ghani, T. Khatoon, Rozina Asghar
Background: Emotional intelligence affects a nurse's capacity for critical thought, the use of evidence and information in practise, as well as other areas of nursing. Aim: To ascertain the relationship between nurses' job happiness and emotional intelligence in a few tertiary care facilities. Study design: A descriptive Correlational study. Methodology: Structured self-administered questionnaires are used to gather data. The participants' socio-demographic data was presented in the first section. The surveys used to assess the nurses' job satisfaction contained 21 items. The second section of the questionnaire included a self-evaluation of emotional intelligence and management skills for several emotional variations (awareness, relationship, and management). Data is analyzed by SPSS version-20. Results: 79.2% of subjects had high emotional intelligence. According to Job Satisfaction Levels, the majority of respondents (95.11%) were happy with their jobs. The relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction is statistically significant, with an r-value of 0.240 and a P-value of 0.008 respectively. It demonstrates how people with high emotional intelligence typically exhibit more positive behaviors. Practical Implication: This study aided in the investigation of the link between nurses' job happiness and emotional intelligence. Conclusion: The findings emphasise the importance of using emotional intelligence and familiarity with emotions, such as (recognising, understanding, managing, and controlling emotions), to boost nurse job satisfaction, which in turn enhances the quality of nursing care. When employing nursing staff, management should make emotional intelligence a top requirement. Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Emotional Intelligence, Nursing profession and Evaluation.
{"title":"Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Job Satisfaction among nurses: descriptive study","authors":"Ayyazada Farhana, Samina Kouser, M. Ghani, T. Khatoon, Rozina Asghar","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Emotional intelligence affects a nurse's capacity for critical thought, the use of evidence and information in practise, as well as other areas of nursing. Aim: To ascertain the relationship between nurses' job happiness and emotional intelligence in a few tertiary care facilities. Study design: A descriptive Correlational study. Methodology: Structured self-administered questionnaires are used to gather data. The participants' socio-demographic data was presented in the first section. The surveys used to assess the nurses' job satisfaction contained 21 items. The second section of the questionnaire included a self-evaluation of emotional intelligence and management skills for several emotional variations (awareness, relationship, and management). Data is analyzed by SPSS version-20. Results: 79.2% of subjects had high emotional intelligence. According to Job Satisfaction Levels, the majority of respondents (95.11%) were happy with their jobs. The relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction is statistically significant, with an r-value of 0.240 and a P-value of 0.008 respectively. It demonstrates how people with high emotional intelligence typically exhibit more positive behaviors. Practical Implication: This study aided in the investigation of the link between nurses' job happiness and emotional intelligence. Conclusion: The findings emphasise the importance of using emotional intelligence and familiarity with emotions, such as (recognising, understanding, managing, and controlling emotions), to boost nurse job satisfaction, which in turn enhances the quality of nursing care. When employing nursing staff, management should make emotional intelligence a top requirement. Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Emotional Intelligence, Nursing profession and Evaluation.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"5 Suppl 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89659484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Munir, S. Naz, Jamal Ud Din Khan, Tehmina Taj, M. Kashif, Dildar Muhammad
Aim: To determine the association between socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy of nurse educators in Peshawar. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 at the Nursing Colleges of Peshawar. All nurse educators with a minimum of six months of teaching experience were included as study participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. This questionnaire consisted of 42 items, 7 for demographic, 25 for the Socio-Emotional Competence Scale having a Cronbach alpha of 0.95, and 10 for the Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Scale with a 0.88 Cronbach alpha. Scores below the median were considered low and above the median were taken as high. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 140 Nurse Educators participated in this study; 68(48.6%) males, and 72(51.4%) females. The majority 137(98%) of them were degree holders, while only 3(2%) were diploma holders. The results showed an X2 value of 40.3 and a p-value of 0.0001, determining a significant association between both variables. The correlation was measured through the Karl Pearson Correlation Test, resulting in 0.789, which indicates a strong positive correlation between the socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy of nurse educators. Practical Implication: Training programs for improving nurse educators’ socio-emotional competency levels are necessary to enhance their self-efficacy and create a better learning environment for future nursing generations. Developing socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy will result in suitable teaching and learning practices, which in turn will improve students’ academic performance. Conclusion: This study proved a strong association between socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy of nurse educators. Developing socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy will result in suitable teaching-learning practices, improving students’ academic performance. Keywords: Socio-emotional competence, Self-Efficacy, Educators, Nurse Educator, Nursing Faculty, Professional Development
目的:探讨白沙瓦市护士教育工作者的社会情绪能力与自我效能感的关系。方法:于2022年11月至2023年2月在白沙瓦护理学院进行分析性横断面研究。所有具有至少六个月教学经验的护士教育工作者都被纳入研究参与者。数据收集采用自填问卷。问卷共42个条目，其中人口统计学条目7个，社会情绪能力量表条目25个，Cronbach alpha值为0.95，教师自我效能量表条目10个，Cronbach alpha值为0.88。低于中位数的分数被认为是低，高于中位数的分数被认为是高。使用SPSS version 22进行数据分析。结果:共有140名护士教育工作者参与本研究;男性68例(48.6%)，女性72例(51.4%)。其中137人(98%)持有学位，只有3人(2%)持有文凭。结果显示X2值为40.3,p值为0.0001，表明两个变量之间存在显著相关性。通过Karl Pearson相关检验进行相关测量，结果为0.789，表明护士教育工作者的社会情绪能力与自我效能之间存在较强的正相关关系。实践意义:提高护理教育工作者的社会情感能力水平是提高其自我效能感和为未来护理一代创造更好的学习环境所必需的。培养学生的社会情感能力和自我效能感，将会带来合适的教学实践，进而提高学生的学习成绩。结论:本研究证明护士教育工作者的社会情绪能力与自我效能之间存在显著的相关性。发展学生的社会情绪能力和自我效能感，可促成适当的教与学实践，提高学生的学习成绩。关键词:社会情绪能力，自我效能感，教育者，护士教育者，护理教师，专业发展
{"title":"Association between Socio-Emotional Competence and Self-Efficacy of Nurse-Educators in Peshawar","authors":"H. Munir, S. Naz, Jamal Ud Din Khan, Tehmina Taj, M. Kashif, Dildar Muhammad","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs202317672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317672","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the association between socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy of nurse educators in Peshawar. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 at the Nursing Colleges of Peshawar. All nurse educators with a minimum of six months of teaching experience were included as study participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. This questionnaire consisted of 42 items, 7 for demographic, 25 for the Socio-Emotional Competence Scale having a Cronbach alpha of 0.95, and 10 for the Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Scale with a 0.88 Cronbach alpha. Scores below the median were considered low and above the median were taken as high. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 140 Nurse Educators participated in this study; 68(48.6%) males, and 72(51.4%) females. The majority 137(98%) of them were degree holders, while only 3(2%) were diploma holders. The results showed an X2 value of 40.3 and a p-value of 0.0001, determining a significant association between both variables. The correlation was measured through the Karl Pearson Correlation Test, resulting in 0.789, which indicates a strong positive correlation between the socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy of nurse educators. Practical Implication: Training programs for improving nurse educators’ socio-emotional competency levels are necessary to enhance their self-efficacy and create a better learning environment for future nursing generations. Developing socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy will result in suitable teaching and learning practices, which in turn will improve students’ academic performance. Conclusion: This study proved a strong association between socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy of nurse educators. Developing socio-emotional competence and self-efficacy will result in suitable teaching-learning practices, improving students’ academic performance. Keywords: Socio-emotional competence, Self-Efficacy, Educators, Nurse Educator, Nursing Faculty, Professional Development","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75702140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaiza Azhar, Momina Qaisar, Mahnoor Hamid, Moneeba Amna, Fatima Tanveer, M. A. Chaudhry
Aim: To identify the major barriers to conducting research perceived by medical students and their association with various years of study and gender. Methodology: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from 9th March 2021 to 6th June 2021. It was conducted among the medical students of all years studying in Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College (CMHLMC) & Institute of Dentistry (IOD). Non- probability convenient sampling technique was used. The questionnaire was self-administered and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0.Descriptive statistics of qualitative variables were calculated as frequencies and percentage. Chi-square test of significance was used to see impact of gender and year of study on barriers perceived. P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was significant difference in barriers perceived by male and female students (p <0.05). The most prevalent barrier in males was extracurricular activities (p=0.001) while major barrier in females was fatigue (p=0.006). Prevalence of barriers was found to be greater among students of 2nd year MBBS (39.3%) and 4th year MBBS (31.3%).The most significant barrier among 2ndyear MBBS was fatigue (p=0.006) while in 4th year MBBS the common barriers perceived were lack of previous exposure (p=0.003), uncooperative colleagues (p=0.003) and finding a mentor (p=0.018). Practical implications: By using this research as a template we can identify ways in which our education system can probe about flaws in promotion and execution of research among students and how to rectify these so that more students can be urged to go forth in medical field as competent researchers so to advance current methods of treatment and bring forth new queries .Pakistan being a third world country is in dire need of young medical professionals who can bring about a new perspective in field of medicine and we can only do so by facilitating them . This article will give an insight in the current difficulties faced by students whether from personal or administrative point of view which is proving to hinder their progress. Conclusion: The results of study showed that major barriers perceived by medical students were curriculum overload, finding a mentor, lack of previous exposure to research. There was significant difference in barriers perceived by various classes and males and females. Keywords: Barriers, medical students, research, gender, medical research, Pakistan, curriculum
{"title":"Barriers to Research Perceived by Medical Students of Private Medical College, Lahore- Pakistan","authors":"Aaiza Azhar, Momina Qaisar, Mahnoor Hamid, Moneeba Amna, Fatima Tanveer, M. A. Chaudhry","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs20231765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20231765","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To identify the major barriers to conducting research perceived by medical students and their association with various years of study and gender. Methodology: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from 9th March 2021 to 6th June 2021. It was conducted among the medical students of all years studying in Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College (CMHLMC) & Institute of Dentistry (IOD). Non- probability convenient sampling technique was used. The questionnaire was self-administered and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0.Descriptive statistics of qualitative variables were calculated as frequencies and percentage. Chi-square test of significance was used to see impact of gender and year of study on barriers perceived. P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was significant difference in barriers perceived by male and female students (p <0.05). The most prevalent barrier in males was extracurricular activities (p=0.001) while major barrier in females was fatigue (p=0.006). Prevalence of barriers was found to be greater among students of 2nd year MBBS (39.3%) and 4th year MBBS (31.3%).The most significant barrier among 2ndyear MBBS was fatigue (p=0.006) while in 4th year MBBS the common barriers perceived were lack of previous exposure (p=0.003), uncooperative colleagues (p=0.003) and finding a mentor (p=0.018). Practical implications: By using this research as a template we can identify ways in which our education system can probe about flaws in promotion and execution of research among students and how to rectify these so that more students can be urged to go forth in medical field as competent researchers so to advance current methods of treatment and bring forth new queries .Pakistan being a third world country is in dire need of young medical professionals who can bring about a new perspective in field of medicine and we can only do so by facilitating them . This article will give an insight in the current difficulties faced by students whether from personal or administrative point of view which is proving to hinder their progress. Conclusion: The results of study showed that major barriers perceived by medical students were curriculum overload, finding a mentor, lack of previous exposure to research. There was significant difference in barriers perceived by various classes and males and females. Keywords: Barriers, medical students, research, gender, medical research, Pakistan, curriculum","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84289400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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