Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175287
Mohammad Mustafa Farooq Khan, Muhammad Talha Mumtaz, Muhammad Uzair, Nimra Aslam Khan, Muhammad Danyal Khalid, M. Khan
Background: The health of pregnant women and their newborns is critical. Prenatal care and breastfeeding are fundamental components of optimal maternal and child health. Despite the well-recognized importance of these practices, the worldwide prevalence of suboptimal antenatal care and breastfeeding remains high. The lack of awareness and knowledge among pregnant women regarding these practices is a leading cause. This study aimed to explore the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of pregnant women regarding antenatal care and breastfeeding. Objective: to identify critical areas for intervention and highlight gaps in knowledge to offer a foundation for future research and awareness-raising. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore from 1st of January, 2022 to 1st of March, 2022. The data was collected of pregnant women from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, For this cross Sectional survey 400 pregnant women, ranging from <20 to 40 years or above were approached. Results: The majority of the respondents had education up to secondary level, and half had their previous baby delivered at home. The findings revealed that the majority of pregnant women had visited less than four times for prenatal checkups during the current pregnancy and expressed a willingness to come for proper prenatal checkups in their next pregnancy. Practical Implication: In order to achieve the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the baby, it is imperative to have educational programs aimed at enhancing the knowledge around prenatal care and breastfeeding practices amongst expectant mothers. Conclusion: Respondents were aware of the benefits of breastfeeding, but their knowledge of optimal breastfeeding practices, including colostrum feeding, was insufficient. Addressing these gaps in knowledge and practice is essential through community awareness programs, health care provider training, and support mechanisms for new mothers. Ultimately, improving maternal and child health will enhance the welfare of families and the community as a whole. Keywords: Pregnant, Knowledge and Perception, Prenatal Care, Breastfeeding
{"title":"Nurturing New Life: Examining Pregnant Women’s Knowledge and Perception of Prenatal Care and Breastfeeding","authors":"Mohammad Mustafa Farooq Khan, Muhammad Talha Mumtaz, Muhammad Uzair, Nimra Aslam Khan, Muhammad Danyal Khalid, M. Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175287","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The health of pregnant women and their newborns is critical. Prenatal care and breastfeeding are fundamental components of optimal maternal and child health. Despite the well-recognized importance of these practices, the worldwide prevalence of suboptimal antenatal care and breastfeeding remains high. The lack of awareness and knowledge among pregnant women regarding these practices is a leading cause. This study aimed to explore the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of pregnant women regarding antenatal care and breastfeeding. Objective: to identify critical areas for intervention and highlight gaps in knowledge to offer a foundation for future research and awareness-raising. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore from 1st of January, 2022 to 1st of March, 2022. The data was collected of pregnant women from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, For this cross Sectional survey 400 pregnant women, ranging from <20 to 40 years or above were approached. Results: The majority of the respondents had education up to secondary level, and half had their previous baby delivered at home. The findings revealed that the majority of pregnant women had visited less than four times for prenatal checkups during the current pregnancy and expressed a willingness to come for proper prenatal checkups in their next pregnancy. Practical Implication: In order to achieve the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the baby, it is imperative to have educational programs aimed at enhancing the knowledge around prenatal care and breastfeeding practices amongst expectant mothers. Conclusion: Respondents were aware of the benefits of breastfeeding, but their knowledge of optimal breastfeeding practices, including colostrum feeding, was insufficient. Addressing these gaps in knowledge and practice is essential through community awareness programs, health care provider training, and support mechanisms for new mothers. Ultimately, improving maternal and child health will enhance the welfare of families and the community as a whole. Keywords: Pregnant, Knowledge and Perception, Prenatal Care, Breastfeeding","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77663116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175290
M. Arsalan, Midrarullah Khan, Mauzzmah Shahid, Z. Qamar, Sana Akhlaq, Assad Ullah
Background: Perthes disease is a form of juvenile idiopathic osteonecrosis characterized by temporary bone mortality due to inadequate blood supply to the femoral head. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes and sequelae of Perthes Disease and to identify the most effective treatment modalities for managing its sequelae. Methods: The research enrolled 59 Perthes Disease patients who had completed treatment at our institution between 2021 and 2022. The information pertaining to demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, radiological findings, specific treatments administered, and follow-up records were collected. Pain levels and hip functionality were secondary outcome measures. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was used to assess the primary outcome of quality of life. Practical Implication: The practical implications for treating the sequelae of Perthes disease include early detection, a multidisciplinary approach, conservative management, surgical interventions when necessary, rehabilitation and physical therapy, long-term monitoring, and patient and family education. Timely diagnosis, collaboration among healthcare professionals, tailored treatment plans, and regular follow-up are important for optimizing outcomes and managing the condition effectively. Results: The average age of the study population was 4.76+1.10 years, with a higher proportion of males. Left-sided (59.32%) participation was more prevalent than right-sided (37.28%) participation (p<0.05). The disease's duration differed between patients. The majority of participants exhibited clinical symptoms such as hip or groin pain, limping, restricted hip movement, and deformities. The most prevalent treatment modality (p<0.05) was physical therapy (52.54%), followed by orthotic devices (30.50%) and surgical interventions (16.94%). Surgical procedures employed both extra-articular (70%) and intra-articular techniques (10%) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Multimodal, patient-specific approach is essential for managing Perthes disease sequelae. Physical therapy was the primary modality of care, while surgical interventions were employed selectively. Significant improvements were observed in pain reduction, functional outcomes, deformity correction, and ROM as a result of the treatment. These findings provided important insights into the management of Perthes disease and highlighted the need for individualized treatment strategies to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Keywords: Harris Hip Score; Perthes Disease; Orthopedic deformities; Orthotic devices; Radiological examination.
{"title":"Principles of Treating the Sequelae of Perthes Disease","authors":"M. Arsalan, Midrarullah Khan, Mauzzmah Shahid, Z. Qamar, Sana Akhlaq, Assad Ullah","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175290","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Perthes disease is a form of juvenile idiopathic osteonecrosis characterized by temporary bone mortality due to inadequate blood supply to the femoral head. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes and sequelae of Perthes Disease and to identify the most effective treatment modalities for managing its sequelae. Methods: The research enrolled 59 Perthes Disease patients who had completed treatment at our institution between 2021 and 2022. The information pertaining to demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, radiological findings, specific treatments administered, and follow-up records were collected. Pain levels and hip functionality were secondary outcome measures. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was used to assess the primary outcome of quality of life. Practical Implication: The practical implications for treating the sequelae of Perthes disease include early detection, a multidisciplinary approach, conservative management, surgical interventions when necessary, rehabilitation and physical therapy, long-term monitoring, and patient and family education. Timely diagnosis, collaboration among healthcare professionals, tailored treatment plans, and regular follow-up are important for optimizing outcomes and managing the condition effectively. Results: The average age of the study population was 4.76+1.10 years, with a higher proportion of males. Left-sided (59.32%) participation was more prevalent than right-sided (37.28%) participation (p<0.05). The disease's duration differed between patients. The majority of participants exhibited clinical symptoms such as hip or groin pain, limping, restricted hip movement, and deformities. The most prevalent treatment modality (p<0.05) was physical therapy (52.54%), followed by orthotic devices (30.50%) and surgical interventions (16.94%). Surgical procedures employed both extra-articular (70%) and intra-articular techniques (10%) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Multimodal, patient-specific approach is essential for managing Perthes disease sequelae. Physical therapy was the primary modality of care, while surgical interventions were employed selectively. Significant improvements were observed in pain reduction, functional outcomes, deformity correction, and ROM as a result of the treatment. These findings provided important insights into the management of Perthes disease and highlighted the need for individualized treatment strategies to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Keywords: Harris Hip Score; Perthes Disease; Orthopedic deformities; Orthotic devices; Radiological examination.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75767341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175253
Rashidul Karim, Wajid Iqbal, Mahwash Mengal, M. A. Mengal, Muhammad Mohsin Sial, Ahmed Latif Chaudhary
Objective: The objective of this research is to determine the frequency of a condition known as iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) among people who have been infected with Helicobacter pylori. Study Design: Cross-sectional/ Prospective study Place and Duration: Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar in the duration from November, 2022 to April, 2023. Methods: There were a total of 116 patients with Helicobacter pylori infections, whose ages ranged from 20 to 70. After collecting demographic information from each participant (including age, sex, BMI, education level, and residence), each patient gave written informed consent. Subjects' blood was tested for iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, which and total iron-binding capacity. Histopathology, stool antigen testing, a fast urease test, and a urea breath test can all diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 25.0. Results: There were 74 (63.8%) females and 42 (36.2%) males in our study. Patients mean age was 28.13±14.68 years and had mean BMI 23.6±11.26 kg/m2. The mean Hemoglobin level of the patients was 11.9±1.8 (g/dl), the iron level was 47.11±6.49 (ug/dl) and mean ferritin level was 119.6±32.68 (ng per ml). Among 116 cases, 42 (36.2%) patients had Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA). Conclusion: An increased incidence of iron deficiency anaemia was seen among individuals with Helicobacter pylori infections; the majority of these patients were adult females. Keywords: H.pylori infection, Prevalence, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA),
{"title":"Infection with Helicobacter Pylori and the Risk of Iron Deficiency Anaemia","authors":"Rashidul Karim, Wajid Iqbal, Mahwash Mengal, M. A. Mengal, Muhammad Mohsin Sial, Ahmed Latif Chaudhary","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175253","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this research is to determine the frequency of a condition known as iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) among people who have been infected with Helicobacter pylori. Study Design: Cross-sectional/ Prospective study Place and Duration: Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar in the duration from November, 2022 to April, 2023. Methods: There were a total of 116 patients with Helicobacter pylori infections, whose ages ranged from 20 to 70. After collecting demographic information from each participant (including age, sex, BMI, education level, and residence), each patient gave written informed consent. Subjects' blood was tested for iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, which and total iron-binding capacity. Histopathology, stool antigen testing, a fast urease test, and a urea breath test can all diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 25.0. Results: There were 74 (63.8%) females and 42 (36.2%) males in our study. Patients mean age was 28.13±14.68 years and had mean BMI 23.6±11.26 kg/m2. The mean Hemoglobin level of the patients was 11.9±1.8 (g/dl), the iron level was 47.11±6.49 (ug/dl) and mean ferritin level was 119.6±32.68 (ng per ml). Among 116 cases, 42 (36.2%) patients had Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA). Conclusion: An increased incidence of iron deficiency anaemia was seen among individuals with Helicobacter pylori infections; the majority of these patients were adult females. Keywords: H.pylori infection, Prevalence, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA),","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83990541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175245
Gauhar Rahman, Hibba Aziz, Naveed Yaqoob, R. Yasmin, M. Tareen, Faizan Ahmed
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy and risk variables among patients undergoing multi-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Study Design: Prospective / Observational study Place and Duration: Department of Interventional Cardiology, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology Peshawar in the duration from November 2022 to April, 2023. Methods: There were 168 patients of both genders with ages 20-70 years were presented in this study. Data on enrolled patients' age, gender, BMI, marital status and education level were collected after receiving written permission from each patient. This research included people who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention. Serum creatinine >0.5mg/dl from the baseline value was classified as contrast induced nephropathy. CIN-related risk factors were studied. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: Patients mean age was 49.8±19.44 years and with mean body mass index 24.1±7.37 kg/m2. 90 patients were males. CIN was found in 42 (25%) cases. Contrast volume, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and age >60 were the most common risk factors for CIN. Conclusion: Contrast-induced nephropathy is a serious danger for patients undergoing PCI. Anemia (age >60), diabetes mellitus (contrast volume >150 ml), and heart failure were found to increase the likelihood of developing CIN. Keywords: Contrast Induced Nephropathy, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Risk Factors
{"title":"Examine the Risk Factors for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and the Prevalence of this Complication","authors":"Gauhar Rahman, Hibba Aziz, Naveed Yaqoob, R. Yasmin, M. Tareen, Faizan Ahmed","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175245","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy and risk variables among patients undergoing multi-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Study Design: Prospective / Observational study Place and Duration: Department of Interventional Cardiology, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology Peshawar in the duration from November 2022 to April, 2023. Methods: There were 168 patients of both genders with ages 20-70 years were presented in this study. Data on enrolled patients' age, gender, BMI, marital status and education level were collected after receiving written permission from each patient. This research included people who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention. Serum creatinine >0.5mg/dl from the baseline value was classified as contrast induced nephropathy. CIN-related risk factors were studied. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: Patients mean age was 49.8±19.44 years and with mean body mass index 24.1±7.37 kg/m2. 90 patients were males. CIN was found in 42 (25%) cases. Contrast volume, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and age >60 were the most common risk factors for CIN. Conclusion: Contrast-induced nephropathy is a serious danger for patients undergoing PCI. Anemia (age >60), diabetes mellitus (contrast volume >150 ml), and heart failure were found to increase the likelihood of developing CIN. Keywords: Contrast Induced Nephropathy, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Risk Factors","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74522127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175256
Syed Tahir Shah, I. Shah, N. Hadi, M. Rauf, Tariq Nawaz, S. Ullah
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of delayed presenters with acute inferior wall MI complicated by complete heart block treated by PCI of culprit artery. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 40 patients with late presentation of either 48 hours or more with acute inferior wall MI complicated by complete heart block were included. All patients underwent coronary angiography and PCI of culprit vessel attempted. Outcomes were measured in terms of restoration of normal sinus rhythm along with heart block recovery time, requirement for implantation of permanent pacemaker and in hospital mortality. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24. Results: The mean age was 55.73 ± 7.679. Male were 65% (n=26), diabetes 62.5% (n=25), hypertension 57.5 (n=23), smoking 30% (n=12) and dyslipidemia 52.5% (n=21). Mean delay in presentation 69.35 ± 11.132 hours. Mean restoration time 69.25 ± 10.95 hours, with minimum of 48 hrs & maximum 86 hrs. Mean tropinin I level 1588.97± 996.70 pg/ml. Mean Ejection fraction 44.8± 9.48 %. Successful PCI has a significant correlation with recovery time (p=.004). There was no in hospital mortality. All restores normal sinus rhythm and no patient needed permanent pacemaker. Successful PCI has a significant correlation with recovery time (p=.004). Conclusion: Successful PCI of culprit artery in late presenter of CHB with acute inferior MI results in restoration of NSR all patients with reduction in heart block recovery time and no in hospital death. Keywords: Acute inferior wall MI, Complete heart block, PCI, late presenter
{"title":"Outcomes of Late Presenters with Acute Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Complete Heart Block Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention","authors":"Syed Tahir Shah, I. Shah, N. Hadi, M. Rauf, Tariq Nawaz, S. Ullah","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175256","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of delayed presenters with acute inferior wall MI complicated by complete heart block treated by PCI of culprit artery. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 40 patients with late presentation of either 48 hours or more with acute inferior wall MI complicated by complete heart block were included. All patients underwent coronary angiography and PCI of culprit vessel attempted. Outcomes were measured in terms of restoration of normal sinus rhythm along with heart block recovery time, requirement for implantation of permanent pacemaker and in hospital mortality. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24. Results: The mean age was 55.73 ± 7.679. Male were 65% (n=26), diabetes 62.5% (n=25), hypertension 57.5 (n=23), smoking 30% (n=12) and dyslipidemia 52.5% (n=21). Mean delay in presentation 69.35 ± 11.132 hours. Mean restoration time 69.25 ± 10.95 hours, with minimum of 48 hrs & maximum 86 hrs. Mean tropinin I level 1588.97± 996.70 pg/ml. Mean Ejection fraction 44.8± 9.48 %. Successful PCI has a significant correlation with recovery time (p=.004). There was no in hospital mortality. All restores normal sinus rhythm and no patient needed permanent pacemaker. Successful PCI has a significant correlation with recovery time (p=.004). Conclusion: Successful PCI of culprit artery in late presenter of CHB with acute inferior MI results in restoration of NSR all patients with reduction in heart block recovery time and no in hospital death. Keywords: Acute inferior wall MI, Complete heart block, PCI, late presenter","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80338531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175281
Mahjabeen Akram, Sadam Hussain, Muhammad Wasim Salim, Faizan Pervaiz, S. Karim, H. Khan
Background: Diarrhea is one of the most common problems in Pakistan where Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has the maximum prevalence i.e, 28% followed by Sindh (23%), Punjab (22%), and Baluchistan (12%). According to WHO every year 1.5 million children under 5 years, die just because of diarrhea. Therefore, this study aimed to look at the effect of lactose-free formula milk versus homemade plain yogurt in children with acute diarrhea. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out on 60 children of age 4-24 months, 30 in each group in the Department of Pediatrics, Services Hospital Lahore. Group 1 was given yogurt while lactose-free milk was given to group 2. The duration of resolution of diarrhea was noted in hours and data was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20. Practical Implication: The practical implication of comparing lactose-free formula milk with yogurt as a dietary intervention for children with acute diarrhea involves several considerations. Firstly, the severity and duration of diarrhea should be evaluated to determine the appropriate intervention. Secondly, the age and nutritional needs of the child should be taken into account. Thirdly, the availability and acceptance of lactose-free formula milk and yogurt in the local context should be considered. Additionally, the potential benefits and drawbacks of each option, such as the nutritional content, ease of digestion, and probiotic properties of yogurt, need to be assessed. It is important to consult with healthcare professionals and make an informed decision based on the specific circumstances to promote optimal outcomes in managing acute diarrhea in children. Results: Out of 60 children, 26 (43.33%) were male and 34 (56.67%) were female. In groups 1 and 2, the mean duration of resolution of diarrhea (outcome) was 43.9 ± 7.30 hours and 71.57 ± 12.92 hours respectively. Group 1 patients’ treatment showed a significant difference in the outcome than group 2 patients (P value= 0.00). However, the treatment effect on gender was found non-significant (P value= 0.48). The outcome in females was 43.6 ± 7.5 hours with yogurt and 70.6 ± 8.4 hours with lactose-free milk while in males the outcome was 44.3 ± 8.6 hours with yogurt and 73.1 ± 9.1 hours with lactose-free milk. Conclusion: The use of yogurt is better than lactose-free formula milk for the resolution of diarrhea. Keywords: Lactose-free formula milk, homemade plain yogurt, diarrhea.
{"title":"Comparison of Outcome of Lactose-Free Formula Milk with Yogurt in Children with Acute Diarrhea","authors":"Mahjabeen Akram, Sadam Hussain, Muhammad Wasim Salim, Faizan Pervaiz, S. Karim, H. Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175281","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diarrhea is one of the most common problems in Pakistan where Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has the maximum prevalence i.e, 28% followed by Sindh (23%), Punjab (22%), and Baluchistan (12%). According to WHO every year 1.5 million children under 5 years, die just because of diarrhea. Therefore, this study aimed to look at the effect of lactose-free formula milk versus homemade plain yogurt in children with acute diarrhea. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out on 60 children of age 4-24 months, 30 in each group in the Department of Pediatrics, Services Hospital Lahore. Group 1 was given yogurt while lactose-free milk was given to group 2. The duration of resolution of diarrhea was noted in hours and data was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20. Practical Implication: The practical implication of comparing lactose-free formula milk with yogurt as a dietary intervention for children with acute diarrhea involves several considerations. Firstly, the severity and duration of diarrhea should be evaluated to determine the appropriate intervention. Secondly, the age and nutritional needs of the child should be taken into account. Thirdly, the availability and acceptance of lactose-free formula milk and yogurt in the local context should be considered. Additionally, the potential benefits and drawbacks of each option, such as the nutritional content, ease of digestion, and probiotic properties of yogurt, need to be assessed. It is important to consult with healthcare professionals and make an informed decision based on the specific circumstances to promote optimal outcomes in managing acute diarrhea in children. Results: Out of 60 children, 26 (43.33%) were male and 34 (56.67%) were female. In groups 1 and 2, the mean duration of resolution of diarrhea (outcome) was 43.9 ± 7.30 hours and 71.57 ± 12.92 hours respectively. Group 1 patients’ treatment showed a significant difference in the outcome than group 2 patients (P value= 0.00). However, the treatment effect on gender was found non-significant (P value= 0.48). The outcome in females was 43.6 ± 7.5 hours with yogurt and 70.6 ± 8.4 hours with lactose-free milk while in males the outcome was 44.3 ± 8.6 hours with yogurt and 73.1 ± 9.1 hours with lactose-free milk. Conclusion: The use of yogurt is better than lactose-free formula milk for the resolution of diarrhea. Keywords: Lactose-free formula milk, homemade plain yogurt, diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83440832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences have been peer-reviewed and is included in the Scopus-Elsevier database. This study represents (PJMHS)'s contribution to research productivity from 2019 to 2009. Methods and Materials: The published data records were obtained from the PJMHS website and the Scopus-Elsevier database for MS Office Excel Sheet tabulation. The frequency of publications, the type of papers, the use of pages, citations, and the initial author's affiliation with their country. Results: In 43 issues, 15401 (4%) authors wrote 3817 items in seven categories. The average number of pages consumed was (2.8%), with 896 (23.4%) citations in publications. The collaboration of three authors provided 1339 (36.6%) papers and received the top spot, while four authors, 3344 (21.7%), contributed 836 (22%). The first authors from 29 nations engaged in publications, with Pakistan leading the way with 3484 (91%), Iran second with 79 (2%), Indonesia third with 77 (2%), and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia fourth with 65 (1.7%). Practical Implication: The information assess the influence and relevance of the research published in the Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. In nut-shell, the published data empowers readers to stay informed about the journal's publication trends, authorship patterns, and the breadth of content available. It enables researchers to identify potential collaborators, explore different document types, and gauge the impact of published articles through citation analysis. Conclusion: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences (PJMHS) is a peer-reviewed journal that is published continuously and assists medical and health sciences research communities in gaining their attention in sharing ideas on a reciprocal basis from similar specialties or sub-specialties of common disciplines Keywords: Bibliometric, Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Pakistan, medical education and research, bibliometric, Zameer Baladi.
{"title":"Examining Authorship Dynamics, Publication Patterns, and Affiliations in the Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences (PJMHS) from 2009-2019","authors":"Zameer Hussain Baladi, Ghulam Farid, Ayesha Gulzar, Manzoor Hussain, S. Iftikhar, Maryam Naz","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175277","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences have been peer-reviewed and is included in the Scopus-Elsevier database. This study represents (PJMHS)'s contribution to research productivity from 2019 to 2009. Methods and Materials: The published data records were obtained from the PJMHS website and the Scopus-Elsevier database for MS Office Excel Sheet tabulation. The frequency of publications, the type of papers, the use of pages, citations, and the initial author's affiliation with their country. Results: In 43 issues, 15401 (4%) authors wrote 3817 items in seven categories. The average number of pages consumed was (2.8%), with 896 (23.4%) citations in publications. The collaboration of three authors provided 1339 (36.6%) papers and received the top spot, while four authors, 3344 (21.7%), contributed 836 (22%). The first authors from 29 nations engaged in publications, with Pakistan leading the way with 3484 (91%), Iran second with 79 (2%), Indonesia third with 77 (2%), and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia fourth with 65 (1.7%). Practical Implication: The information assess the influence and relevance of the research published in the Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. In nut-shell, the published data empowers readers to stay informed about the journal's publication trends, authorship patterns, and the breadth of content available. It enables researchers to identify potential collaborators, explore different document types, and gauge the impact of published articles through citation analysis. Conclusion: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences (PJMHS) is a peer-reviewed journal that is published continuously and assists medical and health sciences research communities in gaining their attention in sharing ideas on a reciprocal basis from similar specialties or sub-specialties of common disciplines Keywords: Bibliometric, Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Pakistan, medical education and research, bibliometric, Zameer Baladi.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73319886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175240
A. ., A. Ahmad, Ishfaq Ahmad, Q. Din, Abdul Hameed
Objectives: In Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan's Category C hospital, probiotics were utilized to establish its efficiency in countering Antibiotic-Induced Diarrhea. Determine the following was the aim of the secondary Objectives: At the hospital, antibiotics have been found to be a common cause of diarrhea. Its prevalence is noticeable, sometimes sporadically. Probiotics' effectiveness when addressing Diarrhea caused by antibiotics are under evaluation. Probiotic therapy's safety and tolerability are both crucial factors to consider. Materials and Methods: During the timeframe of Jan 2021 to Jan 2022, a study was carried out in Cat-C hospital Lakki Marwat. At the registered medical centre, various patients were included as part of the research. These patients had earlier received antibiotics for their health conditions. To facilitate the treatment, they were all given probiotics in the form of capsules or liquid drops. The University Ethics Board provided approval, and the Helsinki Declaration was followed while conducting the study. Throughout the treatment period, the patients were constantly observed for any gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Results: In the study, there were 100 patients who participated, the majority of whom reported experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms while taking antibiotics. Specifically, a whopping 97% of patients noted symptoms. The most common of which was diarrhea, with 78% reporting this issue. However, patients who did take probiotics had less diarrhea than those who did not receive these supplements (P 0.05). Based on these findings, it's clear that probiotics are an effective solution for those who suffer from antibiotic-related discomforts. Keywords: Antibiotic-induced Diarrhea, probiotics, safety, tolerability, Lakki Marwat, Pakistan
{"title":"Probiotics' Effectiveness in Antibiotic-Induced Diarrhea","authors":"A. ., A. Ahmad, Ishfaq Ahmad, Q. Din, Abdul Hameed","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175240","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan's Category C hospital, probiotics were utilized to establish its efficiency in countering Antibiotic-Induced Diarrhea. Determine the following was the aim of the secondary Objectives: At the hospital, antibiotics have been found to be a common cause of diarrhea. Its prevalence is noticeable, sometimes sporadically. Probiotics' effectiveness when addressing Diarrhea caused by antibiotics are under evaluation. Probiotic therapy's safety and tolerability are both crucial factors to consider. Materials and Methods: During the timeframe of Jan 2021 to Jan 2022, a study was carried out in Cat-C hospital Lakki Marwat. At the registered medical centre, various patients were included as part of the research. These patients had earlier received antibiotics for their health conditions. To facilitate the treatment, they were all given probiotics in the form of capsules or liquid drops. The University Ethics Board provided approval, and the Helsinki Declaration was followed while conducting the study. Throughout the treatment period, the patients were constantly observed for any gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Results: In the study, there were 100 patients who participated, the majority of whom reported experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms while taking antibiotics. Specifically, a whopping 97% of patients noted symptoms. The most common of which was diarrhea, with 78% reporting this issue. However, patients who did take probiotics had less diarrhea than those who did not receive these supplements (P 0.05). Based on these findings, it's clear that probiotics are an effective solution for those who suffer from antibiotic-related discomforts. Keywords: Antibiotic-induced Diarrhea, probiotics, safety, tolerability, Lakki Marwat, Pakistan","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84762552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023175261
Muhammad Zahid Ali, Yousra Anwar, Adil Abbas, Namrah Zafar, Zainab Khalid, A. Sattar, M. Usman, Arzoo Nazir, Shahi Zeb
Recent advances in vaccine technology and their uses in viral infection management were the focus of the study. Potential nucleic acid-based platforms for vaccine development, including DNA and RNA vaccines, were also investigated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a lot of attention was paid to RNA-based vaccinations like mRNA vaccines because of their rapid development and scalability. These vaccines were shown to be effective at eliciting protective immune responses and provided the adaptability to include multiple antigenic sites. Preclinical and clinical research of this magnitude is required for the development and assessment of these innovative vaccine methods. Immunogenicity, side effects, and efficacy were all taken into account. The study highlighted the need for more investigation and cooperation between researchers, physicians, and business allies to speed up the process of turning these novel vaccine strategies into successful therapies against different types of viral infections. Our study demonstrated the potential of viral vectors, nanoparticles, and nucleic acid-based platforms in developing vaccine technology, and it contributes important insights into the design and evaluation of innovative vaccine tactics against viral diseases. These results add to the existing body of knowledge and may help direct future antiviral research and development. Keywords: Vaccine development, Viruses, DNA Vaccines, RNA Vaccines, COVID-19 Vaccines
{"title":"Recent Advances in Vaccine Technology for Viral Infection Management: A Spotlight on Next-Generation Vaccines and Nucleic Acid-Based Platforms","authors":"Muhammad Zahid Ali, Yousra Anwar, Adil Abbas, Namrah Zafar, Zainab Khalid, A. Sattar, M. Usman, Arzoo Nazir, Shahi Zeb","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023175261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175261","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in vaccine technology and their uses in viral infection management were the focus of the study. Potential nucleic acid-based platforms for vaccine development, including DNA and RNA vaccines, were also investigated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a lot of attention was paid to RNA-based vaccinations like mRNA vaccines because of their rapid development and scalability. These vaccines were shown to be effective at eliciting protective immune responses and provided the adaptability to include multiple antigenic sites. Preclinical and clinical research of this magnitude is required for the development and assessment of these innovative vaccine methods. Immunogenicity, side effects, and efficacy were all taken into account. The study highlighted the need for more investigation and cooperation between researchers, physicians, and business allies to speed up the process of turning these novel vaccine strategies into successful therapies against different types of viral infections. Our study demonstrated the potential of viral vectors, nanoparticles, and nucleic acid-based platforms in developing vaccine technology, and it contributes important insights into the design and evaluation of innovative vaccine tactics against viral diseases. These results add to the existing body of knowledge and may help direct future antiviral research and development. Keywords: Vaccine development, Viruses, DNA Vaccines, RNA Vaccines, COVID-19 Vaccines","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77427148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176168
Rukhsana Saleem, Sara Akram, Farzana Sabir, R. Salam, Nasreen Akhtar, Nimra Bashir, S. Saeed
Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulphate and oral nifedipine in acute tocolysis of preterm labor. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, DHQ Hospital, Mirpur from 19th October 2019 to 18th April 2020. Methodology: This study included 178 pregnant women with singletons (18 to 40 years of age) assessed through ultrasonography and presented preterm labor. Pregnant women having fetal growth restriction, fetal death, severe preeclampsia, fetal distress, hyperthyroidism,any maternal contraindication for the use of tocolytic drugs, cardiovascular disease, abruptio placentae or placenta-previa were placed in the seclusion criteria of the study. In the group A, oral loading dose of nifedipine 20mg was given. While in group B, magnesium sulphate was injected intravenously with a loading dose of 4 grams over 15 minutes followed by maintenance dose of 2-3 grams/hr. All patients in both groups were evaluated by the researcher herself for prolongation of pregnancy at 48 hours after the start of treatment and efficacy and safety was noted. Results: Efficacy was seen in 80 (89.89%) in group A (Oral nifedipine) and 67 (75.28%) in group B (magnesium sulfate) with p0.019. Safety was seen in 72 (80.90%) in group B (magnesium sulfate) and 83 (93.26%) in group A (oral nifedipine) with p 0.014. Practical Implication: The administration of corticosteroids and also assist in reducing mortality and morbidity related with preterm labor events. Conclusion: This study concluded that oral nifedipine is efficacious and safe than magnesium sulphate for acute tocolysis of preterm labour. Keywords: Tocolytic Agents, Preterm Birth, Magnesium Sulphate.
{"title":"Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Magnesium Sulphate Versus oral Nifedipine in Acute Tocolysis of Preterm Labour","authors":"Rukhsana Saleem, Sara Akram, Farzana Sabir, R. Salam, Nasreen Akhtar, Nimra Bashir, S. Saeed","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176168","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulphate and oral nifedipine in acute tocolysis of preterm labor. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, DHQ Hospital, Mirpur from 19th October 2019 to 18th April 2020. Methodology: This study included 178 pregnant women with singletons (18 to 40 years of age) assessed through ultrasonography and presented preterm labor. Pregnant women having fetal growth restriction, fetal death, severe preeclampsia, fetal distress, hyperthyroidism,any maternal contraindication for the use of tocolytic drugs, cardiovascular disease, abruptio placentae or placenta-previa were placed in the seclusion criteria of the study. In the group A, oral loading dose of nifedipine 20mg was given. While in group B, magnesium sulphate was injected intravenously with a loading dose of 4 grams over 15 minutes followed by maintenance dose of 2-3 grams/hr. All patients in both groups were evaluated by the researcher herself for prolongation of pregnancy at 48 hours after the start of treatment and efficacy and safety was noted. Results: Efficacy was seen in 80 (89.89%) in group A (Oral nifedipine) and 67 (75.28%) in group B (magnesium sulfate) with p0.019. Safety was seen in 72 (80.90%) in group B (magnesium sulfate) and 83 (93.26%) in group A (oral nifedipine) with p 0.014. Practical Implication: The administration of corticosteroids and also assist in reducing mortality and morbidity related with preterm labor events. Conclusion: This study concluded that oral nifedipine is efficacious and safe than magnesium sulphate for acute tocolysis of preterm labour. Keywords: Tocolytic Agents, Preterm Birth, Magnesium Sulphate.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75606568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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