Anger among nursing students can stem from various sources, considering the demanding nature of their education and future profession. Objective: To explore the association of anger with academic year among nursing students at a private nursing institute in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Horizon School of Nursing and Health Sciences: 128 nursing students were recruited through convenient sampling. Nursing students enrolled in various academic years were included. Results: The study findings revealed that the participants are predominantly male, making up 85.6% of the sample, while females represent 14.4%. Moreover, the findings revealed that the mean anger score is calculated at 28.8366, indicating the average level of anger reported by nursing students. The findings also include p-values, highlighting significant differences in academic years (p = 0.016) but not in gender (p = 0.156) or age groups (p = 0.440). The study found average anger levels among nursing students (28.8366). Academic years showed significant differences in anger (p = 0.016), while gender (p = 0.156) and age (p = 0.440) did not. Conclusions: Tailored support for specific program stages could enhance student well-being.
{"title":"Explore the Association of Anger with Academic Year Among Nursing Students at Private Nursing Institute Karachi Pakistan","authors":"Afsha Bibi, Fazal Khaliq, Muhammad Ishaq, Hammad Ahmad, Hafiz Asim Rasool, Saqib Mahmood","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1021","url":null,"abstract":"Anger among nursing students can stem from various sources, considering the demanding nature of their education and future profession. Objective: To explore the association of anger with academic year among nursing students at a private nursing institute in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Horizon School of Nursing and Health Sciences: 128 nursing students were recruited through convenient sampling. Nursing students enrolled in various academic years were included. Results: The study findings revealed that the participants are predominantly male, making up 85.6% of the sample, while females represent 14.4%. Moreover, the findings revealed that the mean anger score is calculated at 28.8366, indicating the average level of anger reported by nursing students. The findings also include p-values, highlighting significant differences in academic years (p = 0.016) but not in gender (p = 0.156) or age groups (p = 0.440). The study found average anger levels among nursing students (28.8366). Academic years showed significant differences in anger (p = 0.016), while gender (p = 0.156) and age (p = 0.440) did not. Conclusions: Tailored support for specific program stages could enhance student well-being. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140470859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1025
Kaleem Ullah Shaikh, Abeer Sarfaraz, S. Sarfaraz, Muhammad Wasiq Anwar, Falaknaz Salari, Faryal Fatima
Cardiologists are more likely to use clinical guideline-supported therapies than general physicians, a fact that has been shown to reduce readmissions. Objective: To compare the intensification of heart failure treatment and its course with re-hospitalization among general physicians and cardiologists at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the cardiology inpatient department of a tertiary care hospital from June 2023 to December 2023 for six months. All patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were included. The treatment prescriptions that they had been followed before the event were noted along with the fact that whether they were treated by a cardiologist or a general physician, and their compliance with medical treatment was recorded. Frequencies and percentages were computed for qualitative variables. Results: A statistically significant association of re-admission was observed among cardiologists (1.40 ± 0.57) compared to general physicians (2.54 ± 0.57; p<0.001). Almost 100% of cardiologists advised beta blockers as compared to their prescription by 42% of general physicians. All cardiologists advised ARBS/ACE inhibitors as compared to 58% of general physicians. 90% of cardiologists advised aldosterone receptor antagonists as compared to 10% of general physicians. Only 12% of cardiologists advised SGLT-2 inhibitors as compared to 88% of physicians. Overall, 36% of cardiologists recommended guideline-mediated therapy while 12% of general physicians recommended guideline-mediated therapy. Conclusions: Cardiologist care is significantly associated with reduced re-admissions among patients re-admitted after heart failure treatment.
{"title":"Clinical Inertia in Terms of Recurrent Hospitalization in the Treatment of Heart Failure Between General Physicians and Cardiologists","authors":"Kaleem Ullah Shaikh, Abeer Sarfaraz, S. Sarfaraz, Muhammad Wasiq Anwar, Falaknaz Salari, Faryal Fatima","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.1025","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiologists are more likely to use clinical guideline-supported therapies than general physicians, a fact that has been shown to reduce readmissions. Objective: To compare the intensification of heart failure treatment and its course with re-hospitalization among general physicians and cardiologists at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the cardiology inpatient department of a tertiary care hospital from June 2023 to December 2023 for six months. All patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were included. The treatment prescriptions that they had been followed before the event were noted along with the fact that whether they were treated by a cardiologist or a general physician, and their compliance with medical treatment was recorded. Frequencies and percentages were computed for qualitative variables. Results: A statistically significant association of re-admission was observed among cardiologists (1.40 ± 0.57) compared to general physicians (2.54 ± 0.57; p<0.001). Almost 100% of cardiologists advised beta blockers as compared to their prescription by 42% of general physicians. All cardiologists advised ARBS/ACE inhibitors as compared to 58% of general physicians. 90% of cardiologists advised aldosterone receptor antagonists as compared to 10% of general physicians. Only 12% of cardiologists advised SGLT-2 inhibitors as compared to 88% of physicians. Overall, 36% of cardiologists recommended guideline-mediated therapy while 12% of general physicians recommended guideline-mediated therapy. Conclusions: Cardiologist care is significantly associated with reduced re-admissions among patients re-admitted after heart failure treatment. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"64 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abia Nazim, Komal Alvi, Elizabeth Schwaiger, Tauqeer Nazim, Ivan Suneel Samuel, Kiran Ishfaq
Burn injuries identified as a serious public health concern with high morbidity and mortality rate every year. Burn injuries are usually linked with heightened economic, social and psychological burden for causing functional impairments, social stigma, rejection and decreased social integration along with high morbidity of psychological disorders. Researchers have found various psychological phenomena impacting the recovery and effectiveness of rehabilitation of burn survivors including perceived insecurity in burn survivors. Objective: Present study was extracted from a larger study and aimed to explore the perceived insecurity of burn survivors seeking treatment in Lahore and to identify factors associated with it. Methods: The study followed a cross sectional research design to study 150 burn survivors with mean age of 36 years and including both men (39%) and women (61%). Results: The results revealed that female gender, single relationship status, age and education were significantly correlated with perception of insecurity in burn injury survivors. Gender and burn injury type were associated with significantly different levels of perceived insecurity in the present sample of burn survivors. The findings were discussed in light of broader research context. Conclusions: Demographic variables and type of burn injury relate differently with perceived insecurity among burn survivors.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Perceived Insecurity in Burn Injuries: An Exploratory Study of Burn Survivors in Lahore","authors":"Abia Nazim, Komal Alvi, Elizabeth Schwaiger, Tauqeer Nazim, Ivan Suneel Samuel, Kiran Ishfaq","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i01.999","url":null,"abstract":"Burn injuries identified as a serious public health concern with high morbidity and mortality rate every year. Burn injuries are usually linked with heightened economic, social and psychological burden for causing functional impairments, social stigma, rejection and decreased social integration along with high morbidity of psychological disorders. Researchers have found various psychological phenomena impacting the recovery and effectiveness of rehabilitation of burn survivors including perceived insecurity in burn survivors. Objective: Present study was extracted from a larger study and aimed to explore the perceived insecurity of burn survivors seeking treatment in Lahore and to identify factors associated with it. Methods: The study followed a cross sectional research design to study 150 burn survivors with mean age of 36 years and including both men (39%) and women (61%). Results: The results revealed that female gender, single relationship status, age and education were significantly correlated with perception of insecurity in burn injury survivors. Gender and burn injury type were associated with significantly different levels of perceived insecurity in the present sample of burn survivors. The findings were discussed in light of broader research context. Conclusions: Demographic variables and type of burn injury relate differently with perceived insecurity among burn survivors. ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"689 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
.. Shaista, Saad Ur Rahman, Laila Imtiaz, Asif Mahmood, Sana Gul, Afsha Bibi
The clinical education setting is a complex social unit that affects student skills within the clinical setting. Anxiety influences the student's performance in the clinical setting since it initiates the fight-or-flight response, leading to a positive or negative outcome. Objective: This study evaluates anxiety among students when they start rotation in the clinical area. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the anxiety level among undergraduate nursing students during psychiatry/mental health nursing clinical rotations in the psychiatry unit. Participants were recruited through the probability sample method. The sample of the study consists of 93 students of undergraduate level. A self-adapted questionnaire was distributed manually to collect data. Results: According to the survey result, 67.7% of students have a normal range of anxiety, whereas 32.3% of students have mild to moderate levels of anxiety during psychiatry clinical rotation. Conclusions: The study identifies a significant link between anxiety levels and semester, notably higher in the 6th semester and a marginal association with race. With majority in the normal range and few with mild to moderate anxiety, it suggests targeted support programs for students, especially in high-anxiety semesters.
{"title":"Anxiety and its associated factors Among Undergraduate Nursing Students During Psychiatry Clinical Placement: A Cross-sectional Study in MARDAN Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","authors":".. Shaista, Saad Ur Rahman, Laila Imtiaz, Asif Mahmood, Sana Gul, Afsha Bibi","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.972","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical education setting is a complex social unit that affects student skills within the clinical setting. Anxiety influences the student's performance in the clinical setting since it initiates the fight-or-flight response, leading to a positive or negative outcome. Objective: This study evaluates anxiety among students when they start rotation in the clinical area. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the anxiety level among undergraduate nursing students during psychiatry/mental health nursing clinical rotations in the psychiatry unit. Participants were recruited through the probability sample method. The sample of the study consists of 93 students of undergraduate level. A self-adapted questionnaire was distributed manually to collect data. Results: According to the survey result, 67.7% of students have a normal range of anxiety, whereas 32.3% of students have mild to moderate levels of anxiety during psychiatry clinical rotation. Conclusions: The study identifies a significant link between anxiety levels and semester, notably higher in the 6th semester and a marginal association with race. With majority in the normal range and few with mild to moderate anxiety, it suggests targeted support programs for students, especially in high-anxiety semesters.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rubiya Ali, Abdul Aziz, H. Ullah, Muniba Naeem, Suneel Kumar Maheshwari, Areeba Zohaib, Nasir Jamil, Neha Aslam, Mohammad Hasan
The increased chances of in-stent restenosis have led to repeated coronary angiography and left main percutaneous coronary intervention. However, for the evaluation of coronary arteries, computed tomography angiography (CTA) is regarded as a non-invasive intervention. Objectives: To evaluate the proportion of in-stent restenosis in the left main PCI and to determine the diagnostic efficacy of CTA in detecting in-stent restenosis. Methods: We conducted this study from June 2021 to July 2022. 130 patients were chosen for the study among the 300 LM PCI patients. The CTA was conducted 3 months after the LM PCI. The data were collected and entered into the SPSS software and the descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: In our study, the majority of the patients (n=92, 70.8%) of the patients undergoing PCI from the LM to LAD, and the number of patients who went from LM to LCX was 19 patients (14.6%). Only 14.6% of the patients in our study had bifurcation PCI and all 130 (100%) patients had DES. The average period for the development of ISD was 11 months. Conclusions: CTA is quite efficient in accurately assessing the selected patients who have undergone LM PCI and CTA can be utilized as the 1" line treatment modality.
{"title":"The Evaluation of Stent Patency Using Computed Angiography Following Left Main Coronary Artery Stenting","authors":"Rubiya Ali, Abdul Aziz, H. Ullah, Muniba Naeem, Suneel Kumar Maheshwari, Areeba Zohaib, Nasir Jamil, Neha Aslam, Mohammad Hasan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.977","url":null,"abstract":"The increased chances of in-stent restenosis have led to repeated coronary angiography and left main percutaneous coronary intervention. However, for the evaluation of coronary arteries, computed tomography angiography (CTA) is regarded as a non-invasive intervention. Objectives: To evaluate the proportion of in-stent restenosis in the left main PCI and to determine the diagnostic efficacy of CTA in detecting in-stent restenosis. Methods: We conducted this study from June 2021 to July 2022. 130 patients were chosen for the study among the 300 LM PCI patients. The CTA was conducted 3 months after the LM PCI. The data were collected and entered into the SPSS software and the descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: In our study, the majority of the patients (n=92, 70.8%) of the patients undergoing PCI from the LM to LAD, and the number of patients who went from LM to LCX was 19 patients (14.6%). Only 14.6% of the patients in our study had bifurcation PCI and all 130 (100%) patients had DES. The average period for the development of ISD was 11 months. Conclusions: CTA is quite efficient in accurately assessing the selected patients who have undergone LM PCI and CTA can be utilized as the 1\" line treatment modality.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air pollution constitutes a pressing worldwide public health issue, and Pakistan is the fourth most polluted country, where nearly 99% of its populace breathes in the air quality that exceeds the WHO criteria. Embracing WHO-endorsed strategies can help in extending life expectancy by five years. This investigation was designed to delve into the factors influencing self-care behaviors and practices regarding air pollution based on Health Belief Model among undergraduate students. Methods: A questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model was used to conduct a cross sectional study on undergraduate students from Rawalpindi, Pakistan about their self-care and protection practices against air pollution. The questionnaire had seven sections and was validated. Non-probability convenience sampling was used. SPSS 26, Spearman’s correlation, and linear regression were used for data analysis. Results: The study enrolled 292 university students, with 189 (64.7%) being male and 103 (35.3%) females, and a mean age of 21.07±1.896. Findings revealed that 22.6% of respondents exhibited satisfactory self-care behavior, while 77.4% exhibited suboptimal behavior. In terms of self-care preventive practices, 58.6% scored poorly, with only 41.4% demonstrating good practices. Conclusions: The study's outcomes demonstrated poor self-care and protection practices among the participants. Factors such as perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action significantly influenced preventive behaviors. Whereas, perceived susceptibility and barriers were found insignificant. These findings underscore a notable association between Health Belief Model constructs and students' adoption of preventive measures against air pollution.
{"title":"Assessing Predictors of Self-Care Behavior and Practices to Mitigate Air Pollution: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Undergraduate Students in Rawalpindi, Pakistan","authors":".. Azka, Sadia Bibi, Farrah Pervaiz, Humaira Mehmood, Aimen Khizar, Sundas Gul, Laiba Naseem, Rameesa Liaqat, Fizza Liaqat","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.978","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution constitutes a pressing worldwide public health issue, and Pakistan is the fourth most polluted country, where nearly 99% of its populace breathes in the air quality that exceeds the WHO criteria. Embracing WHO-endorsed strategies can help in extending life expectancy by five years. This investigation was designed to delve into the factors influencing self-care behaviors and practices regarding air pollution based on Health Belief Model among undergraduate students. Methods: A questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model was used to conduct a cross sectional study on undergraduate students from Rawalpindi, Pakistan about their self-care and protection practices against air pollution. The questionnaire had seven sections and was validated. Non-probability convenience sampling was used. SPSS 26, Spearman’s correlation, and linear regression were used for data analysis. Results: The study enrolled 292 university students, with 189 (64.7%) being male and 103 (35.3%) females, and a mean age of 21.07±1.896. Findings revealed that 22.6% of respondents exhibited satisfactory self-care behavior, while 77.4% exhibited suboptimal behavior. In terms of self-care preventive practices, 58.6% scored poorly, with only 41.4% demonstrating good practices. Conclusions: The study's outcomes demonstrated poor self-care and protection practices among the participants. Factors such as perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action significantly influenced preventive behaviors. Whereas, perceived susceptibility and barriers were found insignificant. These findings underscore a notable association between Health Belief Model constructs and students' adoption of preventive measures against air pollution.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syeda Farheen Zehra Kazmi, Humaira Mahmood, Muhammad Farrukh Habib, Jawaria Khan, Nimra Riaz, Sher Afgan Raisani, Syed Ihtishaam Kakakhel
Maternal health being a global health priority emphasizes strongly on reduced maternal mortality rate, in a country. The delivery of maternal and child healthcare services in weak and vulnerable health systems has been severely impacted by the change in emphasis to contain the COVID-19 epidemic. Objective: To explore, identify and determine the barriers and facilitators in access to maternal health services during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted on all married women of reproductive age group who delivered in the pandemic season and visiting vaccination center of local tertiary care hospital between March 2020 to June 2021. Females were selected through convenience sampling technique. Data was collected through questionnaires, entered and analyzed in SPSS version 26.0 Results: Major barriers to accessing maternal health services by patients were fear of contracting COVID-19 at health facilities, lack of funds to pay for services at health facilities, transportation difficulties. Facilitators determined in this study includes Covid-19 non-pharmacological measures instituted at the health facilities, community sensitization on healthcare access during the pandemic and adaptive strategies to reduce waiting time at health facilities. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental effect on access to maternal health care, in part because of difficulties brought on by travel restrictions and the incapacity of the health systems to create an environment that would encourage continued use of maternal health services.
{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators in Access and Use of Maternal Health Services During Covid-19 Pandemic at a Tertiary Care Hospital; A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Syeda Farheen Zehra Kazmi, Humaira Mahmood, Muhammad Farrukh Habib, Jawaria Khan, Nimra Riaz, Sher Afgan Raisani, Syed Ihtishaam Kakakhel","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.963","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal health being a global health priority emphasizes strongly on reduced maternal mortality rate, in a country. The delivery of maternal and child healthcare services in weak and vulnerable health systems has been severely impacted by the change in emphasis to contain the COVID-19 epidemic. Objective: To explore, identify and determine the barriers and facilitators in access to maternal health services during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted on all married women of reproductive age group who delivered in the pandemic season and visiting vaccination center of local tertiary care hospital between March 2020 to June 2021. Females were selected through convenience sampling technique. Data was collected through questionnaires, entered and analyzed in SPSS version 26.0 Results: Major barriers to accessing maternal health services by patients were fear of contracting COVID-19 at health facilities, lack of funds to pay for services at health facilities, transportation difficulties. Facilitators determined in this study includes Covid-19 non-pharmacological measures instituted at the health facilities, community sensitization on healthcare access during the pandemic and adaptive strategies to reduce waiting time at health facilities. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental effect on access to maternal health care, in part because of difficulties brought on by travel restrictions and the incapacity of the health systems to create an environment that would encourage continued use of maternal health services.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Profenofos, an organophosphate, is a major pollutant that pollutes freshwater bodies, causing significant impacts on fish health. Objective: Present study was performed to assess the toxicological impacts of pesticide profenofos on hematological, biochemical and histological alterations in different organs of Labeo rohita. Methods: Fish were divided in three groups. Group one was treated as control while second and third groups were exposed to 0.6 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L profenofos respectively for 28 days. Results: Results revealed that MCV, MCHC, MCH, RDW-SD, PCT, PDW, HGB, RBC and HCT levels were significantly reduced. WBC, RDW, PLT, MPV, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils were increased as compared to pesticide free group. Biochemical results showed significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, albumin, A/G ratio, HDL T3, T4, blood glucose, creatinine and urea levels were documented while levels of LDL, VLDL, ALT, total proteins, globulin, TSH and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased significantly in exposed fish. Furthermore, histological changes in kidney, gills and liver of fish showed degenerative effects after exposure to profenofos in both concentrations. Conclusions: The present study concluded that profenofos resulted in widespread toxic effects on aquatic organisms specially fish.
{"title":"Evaluation of Hemotoxic, Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Potential of Profenofos-based Insecticide in Freshwater Labeo rohita Fish at Low Concentrations","authors":"Arva Mahmood, Shabbir Ahmad, Hasnain Akmal, Khurram Shahzad","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.920","url":null,"abstract":"Profenofos, an organophosphate, is a major pollutant that pollutes freshwater bodies, causing significant impacts on fish health. Objective: Present study was performed to assess the toxicological impacts of pesticide profenofos on hematological, biochemical and histological alterations in different organs of Labeo rohita. Methods: Fish were divided in three groups. Group one was treated as control while second and third groups were exposed to 0.6 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L profenofos respectively for 28 days. Results: Results revealed that MCV, MCHC, MCH, RDW-SD, PCT, PDW, HGB, RBC and HCT levels were significantly reduced. WBC, RDW, PLT, MPV, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils were increased as compared to pesticide free group. Biochemical results showed significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, albumin, A/G ratio, HDL T3, T4, blood glucose, creatinine and urea levels were documented while levels of LDL, VLDL, ALT, total proteins, globulin, TSH and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased significantly in exposed fish. Furthermore, histological changes in kidney, gills and liver of fish showed degenerative effects after exposure to profenofos in both concentrations. Conclusions: The present study concluded that profenofos resulted in widespread toxic effects on aquatic organisms specially fish.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tides of cancer treatment are turning with proteins emerging as a stalwart component of biomedicine, poised to replace conventional chemotherapeutics. This editorial delves into the transformative potential of proteins in the field of biomedicine, highlighting their crucial role in personalized and targeted cancer therapies that hold the key to improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Biomedicine enables precision medicine by tailoring treatments based on the unique genetic makeup of individual patients. Targeted therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and gene therapies, hold the promise of attacking cancer cells with unprecedented accuracy, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Monoclonal antibodies, a key class of proteins, epitomize the precision targeting made possible by biomedicine. These engineered proteins seek out specific cancer cells, binding to surface markers with high affinity. This targeted approach minimizes collateral damage to healthy tissues, a notable advantage over the systemic impact of traditional chemotherapeutics [1]. Proteins play a pivotal role in unleashing the power of the immune system through immunotherapy. Checkpoint inhibitors, designed as protein-based drugs, disrupt the signals that cancer cells use to evade immune detection. This reinvigorates the body's natural defense mechanisms, leading to sustained and specific anti-cancer responses [2]. At the forefront of biomedicine, CAR-T cell therapy involves engineering patients' own T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which are essentially protein structures. These receptors enable T cells to recognize and eliminate cancer cells with remarkable precision, showcasing the potential of protein-based therapies in reshaping cancer treatment strategies [3]. Proteins also serve as crucial biomarkers, offering insights into a patient's unique cancer profile. This information guides the development of personalized protein therapies tailored to target specific molecular vulnerabilities. Unlike the broad-spectrum nature of chemotherapeutics, proteins as biomedicine allows for more nuanced interventions. This individualized approach holds great promise for optimizing treatment outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. Several proteins are commercially available as biomedicines for cancer treatment. Trastuzumab is monoclonal antibody target the HER2 protein used in breast cancer. Rituximab target the CD20 protein on B cells. Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting PD-1 protein and used in various cancers, including melanoma, lung cancer, and head and neck cancers. Daratumumab target CD38 protein on myeloma cells and it is approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. These examples represent a fraction of the protein-based biomedicines available for cancer treatment. Despite the strides made in protein-based biomedicine, challenges such as cost, manufacturing complexities, and potential side effects persist. Ongoing research into
随着蛋白质成为生物医学的重要组成部分，癌症治疗的潮流正在发生转变，蛋白质有望取代传统的化疗药物。这篇社论深入探讨了蛋白质在生物医学领域的变革潜力，强调了蛋白质在个性化和靶向癌症疗法中的关键作用，这些疗法是提高疗效和减少副作用的关键。生物医学可根据个体患者的独特基因构成量身定制治疗方案，从而实现精准医疗。单克隆抗体和基因疗法等靶向疗法有望以前所未有的精确度攻击癌细胞，最大限度地减少对健康组织的损害。单克隆抗体是一类重要的蛋白质，是生物医学实现精准靶向的缩影。这些经过改造的蛋白质会寻找特定的癌细胞，并以高亲和力与表面标志物结合。这种靶向方法最大程度地减少了对健康组织的附带损害，与传统化疗药物的全身性影响相比，优势明显[1]。 蛋白质在通过免疫疗法释放免疫系统的力量方面发挥着关键作用。检查点抑制剂是以蛋白质为基础设计的药物，它能破坏癌细胞用来逃避免疫检测的信号。这将重振人体的天然防御机制，从而产生持续、特异的抗癌反应[2]。作为生物医学的前沿技术，CAR-T 细胞疗法涉及对患者自身的 T 细胞进行工程改造，使其表达嵌合抗原受体（CAR），CAR 本质上是一种蛋白质结构。这些受体使 T 细胞能够识别并精确地消灭癌细胞，从而展示了基于蛋白质的疗法在重塑癌症治疗策略方面的潜力[3]。蛋白质也是重要的生物标志物，可帮助了解患者独特的癌症特征。这些信息为开发针对特定分子弱点的个性化蛋白质疗法提供了指导。与化疗药物的广谱性不同，蛋白质作为生物医药可以进行更细致的干预。这种个体化方法为优化治疗效果和减少不良反应带来了巨大希望。目前已有几种蛋白质作为生物医药用于癌症治疗。曲妥珠单抗是一种针对乳腺癌 HER2 蛋白的单克隆抗体。利妥昔单抗（Rituximab）靶向 B 细胞上的 CD20 蛋白。Pembrolizumab 是一种以 PD-1 蛋白为靶点的免疫检查点抑制剂，用于治疗各种癌症，包括黑色素瘤、肺癌和头颈部癌症。Daratumumab 靶向骨髓瘤细胞上的 CD38 蛋白，已被批准用于治疗多发性骨髓瘤。这些例子只是可用于治疗癌症的基于蛋白质的生物医药的一小部分。 尽管基于蛋白质的生物医药取得了长足进步，但成本、生产复杂性和潜在副作用等挑战依然存在。要充分发挥蛋白质作为癌症治疗基石的潜力，就必须不断研究完善蛋白质疗法、优化给药方法并应对这些挑战。蛋白质作为生物医药的最前沿，正在重塑癌症治疗的格局。从单克隆抗体的精确靶向到生物标记驱动疗法的个性化潜力，基于蛋白质的干预时代预示着抗击癌症的新曙光。随着研究的进展和挑战的应对，蛋白质将成为取代化疗药物的先锋，为改善患者预后和转变肿瘤治疗模式带来新的希望。
{"title":"Proteins as Vanguard: Biomedicine’s Revolutionary role in Cancer Treatment","authors":"Khizar Hayat","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.980","url":null,"abstract":"The tides of cancer treatment are turning with proteins emerging as a stalwart component of biomedicine, poised to replace conventional chemotherapeutics. This editorial delves into the transformative potential of proteins in the field of biomedicine, highlighting their crucial role in personalized and targeted cancer therapies that hold the key to improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Biomedicine enables precision medicine by tailoring treatments based on the unique genetic makeup of individual patients. Targeted therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and gene therapies, hold the promise of attacking cancer cells with unprecedented accuracy, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Monoclonal antibodies, a key class of proteins, epitomize the precision targeting made possible by biomedicine. These engineered proteins seek out specific cancer cells, binding to surface markers with high affinity. This targeted approach minimizes collateral damage to healthy tissues, a notable advantage over the systemic impact of traditional chemotherapeutics [1]. Proteins play a pivotal role in unleashing the power of the immune system through immunotherapy. Checkpoint inhibitors, designed as protein-based drugs, disrupt the signals that cancer cells use to evade immune detection. This reinvigorates the body's natural defense mechanisms, leading to sustained and specific anti-cancer responses [2]. At the forefront of biomedicine, CAR-T cell therapy involves engineering patients' own T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which are essentially protein structures. These receptors enable T cells to recognize and eliminate cancer cells with remarkable precision, showcasing the potential of protein-based therapies in reshaping cancer treatment strategies [3]. Proteins also serve as crucial biomarkers, offering insights into a patient's unique cancer profile. This information guides the development of personalized protein therapies tailored to target specific molecular vulnerabilities. Unlike the broad-spectrum nature of chemotherapeutics, proteins as biomedicine allows for more nuanced interventions. This individualized approach holds great promise for optimizing treatment outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. Several proteins are commercially available as biomedicines for cancer treatment. Trastuzumab is monoclonal antibody target the HER2 protein used in breast cancer. Rituximab target the CD20 protein on B cells. Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting PD-1 protein and used in various cancers, including melanoma, lung cancer, and head and neck cancers. Daratumumab target CD38 protein on myeloma cells and it is approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. These examples represent a fraction of the protein-based biomedicines available for cancer treatment. Despite the strides made in protein-based biomedicine, challenges such as cost, manufacturing complexities, and potential side effects persist. Ongoing research into","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ahmad Raza, Lamia Altuf, Syeda Hafiza Mehak Gillani, Abdullah Amjad, Abdul Rauf, Saifullah Khan
Renal artery stenosis typically results from plaque development. Mostly frequent cause of severe hypertension is RAS, which affects 1% to 5% of all patients with hypertension. Objective: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of Doppler ultrasound in RAS. Methods: Data from several search engines were retrieved for this literature view. Research was evaluated for both its quality and its usefulness. Data extraction from the whole journal articles was done. Results: Only 20 articles were used for extraction of data related to Sensitivity and Specificity of color Doppler ultrasound measurement in evaluation of RAS. The current study looked at the assessment of RAS. Conclusions: From assessing stenosis of renal artery diameter to analyzing the enhanced velocity field at the obstruction site, identifying new measures to describe plaque susceptibility in the renal artery has become more significant.
{"title":"Sensitivity and Specificity of Color Doppler Ultrasound Measurement in the Evaluation of Renal Artery Stenosis","authors":"Muhammad Ahmad Raza, Lamia Altuf, Syeda Hafiza Mehak Gillani, Abdullah Amjad, Abdul Rauf, Saifullah Khan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i11.966","url":null,"abstract":"Renal artery stenosis typically results from plaque development. Mostly frequent cause of severe hypertension is RAS, which affects 1% to 5% of all patients with hypertension. Objective: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of Doppler ultrasound in RAS. Methods: Data from several search engines were retrieved for this literature view. Research was evaluated for both its quality and its usefulness. Data extraction from the whole journal articles was done. Results: Only 20 articles were used for extraction of data related to Sensitivity and Specificity of color Doppler ultrasound measurement in evaluation of RAS. The current study looked at the assessment of RAS. Conclusions: From assessing stenosis of renal artery diameter to analyzing the enhanced velocity field at the obstruction site, identifying new measures to describe plaque susceptibility in the renal artery has become more significant.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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