Anwaar Iftikhar, Rida Farooq, Muhammad Ali, Zaroon Gill, Usama Mustafa, Haleema Khalid, Mubeen Akhtar, Ruhma Maqsood, Sana Hussain, Maryam Munir
The Reoviridae family of double-stranded RNA viruses includes Reovirus. Both humans and animals might become sick from it. Even though they are often benign, certain strains have been connected to significant illnesses. This review investigates the virus's structure, replication, pathogenesis, clinical significance, and potential therapies. Its unusual capsid form is made up of a segmented genome that encodes twelve proteins and two concentric protein shells. Replication involves uncoating, receptor binding, endocytosis, genome transcription, and cytoplasmic translation. Reovirus masterfully manipulates its host's cellular functions, inducing apoptosis and stress responses that help it spread and multiply. Recently, encephalitis, myocarditis, and maybe even certain cancers have been linked to reovirus, which often produces mild respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. To fully understand the viral-host interactions producing these illnesses, further research is necessary. Particularly, the reovirus has promise for oncolytic virotherapy. Whether used alone or in conjunction with other medicines, a range of cancer types have showed positive outcomes in clinical studies. In essence, reovirus is a versatile pathogen that has intimate relationships with its hosts. To realize its therapeutic potential and shed light on its pathogenesis, one must have a complete grasp of its molecular and cellular connections. Unlocking the virus's potential is necessary to predict how it will impact both human and animal health.
{"title":"Exploring the Lifecycle, Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapeutic Applications of the Reovirus","authors":"Anwaar Iftikhar, Rida Farooq, Muhammad Ali, Zaroon Gill, Usama Mustafa, Haleema Khalid, Mubeen Akhtar, Ruhma Maqsood, Sana Hussain, Maryam Munir","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.932","url":null,"abstract":"The Reoviridae family of double-stranded RNA viruses includes Reovirus. Both humans and animals might become sick from it. Even though they are often benign, certain strains have been connected to significant illnesses. This review investigates the virus's structure, replication, pathogenesis, clinical significance, and potential therapies. Its unusual capsid form is made up of a segmented genome that encodes twelve proteins and two concentric protein shells. Replication involves uncoating, receptor binding, endocytosis, genome transcription, and cytoplasmic translation. Reovirus masterfully manipulates its host's cellular functions, inducing apoptosis and stress responses that help it spread and multiply. Recently, encephalitis, myocarditis, and maybe even certain cancers have been linked to reovirus, which often produces mild respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. To fully understand the viral-host interactions producing these illnesses, further research is necessary. Particularly, the reovirus has promise for oncolytic virotherapy. Whether used alone or in conjunction with other medicines, a range of cancer types have showed positive outcomes in clinical studies. In essence, reovirus is a versatile pathogen that has intimate relationships with its hosts. To realize its therapeutic potential and shed light on its pathogenesis, one must have a complete grasp of its molecular and cellular connections. Unlocking the virus's potential is necessary to predict how it will impact both human and animal health.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pelvic-girdle pain is a mechanical disorder is very prevalent that leads the individual to suffer with disability and functional limitations. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of core stabilization exercises with thrust manipulation (HVT) on pelvic girdle pain in postpartum women. Methods: This randomized, placebo treatment-controlled trial was conducted in Physiotherapy OPD clinic in Jinnah Memorial Trust Hospital Gujranwala, Pakistan. We included 40 post-partum females consecutively aged 18 to 45 years presenting with pelvic girdle pain for over the past 6 to 16 months of the delivery meeting were isolated in two groups using convenient sampling. The control group received stabilization exercises with routine physical therapy treatment and the treatment group received a high velocity thrust manipulations technique (HVTT). The study instruments included Oswestry Disability Index Questionnaire and numeric pain rating scale. Data were analysed using SPSS 21.0. Results: The findings indicated demographics age with a mean and S.D score of 31.08 ± 6.36. In participants pain numeric pain and ODI scores in the post-treatment group were significant with a p <0.01 and general exercise with a p<0.02. The pre and post ODI scores in both groups had a p-value <0.05 except the within-group score of p >0.068. Conclusions: The application of high velocity thrust manipulation is effective approach in reducing pelvic girdle pain and discomfort in postpartum women. The HVTT treatment therapy can be deemed superior to core stabilization exercises.
{"title":"Effects of Core Stabilization Exercises and High-Velocity Thrust Manipulation on Pelvic-Girdle Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Ayesha Amin, Arooj Fatima, Sajjan Iqbal Memon, Arsalan Younus, Hafsa Syed","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.939","url":null,"abstract":"Pelvic-girdle pain is a mechanical disorder is very prevalent that leads the individual to suffer with disability and functional limitations. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of core stabilization exercises with thrust manipulation (HVT) on pelvic girdle pain in postpartum women. Methods: This randomized, placebo treatment-controlled trial was conducted in Physiotherapy OPD clinic in Jinnah Memorial Trust Hospital Gujranwala, Pakistan. We included 40 post-partum females consecutively aged 18 to 45 years presenting with pelvic girdle pain for over the past 6 to 16 months of the delivery meeting were isolated in two groups using convenient sampling. The control group received stabilization exercises with routine physical therapy treatment and the treatment group received a high velocity thrust manipulations technique (HVTT). The study instruments included Oswestry Disability Index Questionnaire and numeric pain rating scale. Data were analysed using SPSS 21.0. Results: The findings indicated demographics age with a mean and S.D score of 31.08 ± 6.36. In participants pain numeric pain and ODI scores in the post-treatment group were significant with a p <0.01 and general exercise with a p<0.02. The pre and post ODI scores in both groups had a p-value <0.05 except the within-group score of p >0.068. Conclusions: The application of high velocity thrust manipulation is effective approach in reducing pelvic girdle pain and discomfort in postpartum women. The HVTT treatment therapy can be deemed superior to core stabilization exercises.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Life expectancy in thalassemia has markedly improved due to consistent blood transfer and amenability with iron chelation therapy, therefore this improvement is conditioned with various thromboembolic problems of this prolonged disorder including thromboembolic complaints. Objective: To determine coagulation abnormalities in beta (β) thalassemia major patients who have been multi transfused. Methods: This observational study was conducted at Department of Haematology & Transfusion Medicine, Children hospital & University of Child Health Sciences (CH&UCHS), Lahore, from October 2022 to January 2023. The study included 60 β-thalassemic patient, age less than 16 years whose samples were compared with upper and lower normal value as regards to Prothrombin Time (PT), Active Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Protein S, Protein C, liver enzymes (Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results: When values were compared, natural clotting inhibitors (Protein S, Protein C) were remarkably reduced in β-thalassemic paeds patients (p<0.001).PT and APTT were prolonged in thalassemic children (p>0.05 and p<0.05 correspondingly). There was substantial increase in concentrations of ALT and AST in β-thalassemic patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively) due to iron over load by multiple transfusions. Conclusions: Marked changes in coagulation inhibition supporting thrombotic tendency was observed in thalassemic children. There were reduced levels of protein C and protein S, independent of slightly prolonged PT and APTT and elevated levels of ALT, AST with normal GGT in thalassemic children.
{"title":"Coagulation Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients with β-Thalassemia, An experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Ayesha Shabbir, Saima Farhan, Attiq Ur Rehman, Neelam Mazhar, Sidra Hareem, Iram Iqbal","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.915","url":null,"abstract":"Life expectancy in thalassemia has markedly improved due to consistent blood transfer and amenability with iron chelation therapy, therefore this improvement is conditioned with various thromboembolic problems of this prolonged disorder including thromboembolic complaints. Objective: To determine coagulation abnormalities in beta (β) thalassemia major patients who have been multi transfused. Methods: This observational study was conducted at Department of Haematology & Transfusion Medicine, Children hospital & University of Child Health Sciences (CH&UCHS), Lahore, from October 2022 to January 2023. The study included 60 β-thalassemic patient, age less than 16 years whose samples were compared with upper and lower normal value as regards to Prothrombin Time (PT), Active Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Protein S, Protein C, liver enzymes (Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results: When values were compared, natural clotting inhibitors (Protein S, Protein C) were remarkably reduced in β-thalassemic paeds patients (p<0.001).PT and APTT were prolonged in thalassemic children (p>0.05 and p<0.05 correspondingly). There was substantial increase in concentrations of ALT and AST in β-thalassemic patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively) due to iron over load by multiple transfusions. Conclusions: Marked changes in coagulation inhibition supporting thrombotic tendency was observed in thalassemic children. There were reduced levels of protein C and protein S, independent of slightly prolonged PT and APTT and elevated levels of ALT, AST with normal GGT in thalassemic children.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 has become a global pandemic with limited data on prediction of disease severity and management of critically-ill patients. Objective: To assess associations between routine Haematologica parameters especially neutrophil counts and severity in COVID-19 patients. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study involving 133 non-severe and 120 severe category patients. This study was conducted at Chughtai Institute of Pathology from 1st June till 31st August, 2020. The association of severity with parameters was determined using Chi-square and Fisher´s Exact test. Results: Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) and NLR were significantly higher in Severe Group category. Neutrophilia and raised NLR were observed in 81.7% and 93% of the severe group respectively. Lymphopenia was observed in only 36.7% of Severe Group. Comorbidities such as, hypertension (82,1%), diabetes (85.5%), IHD (100%) and COPD (83.9%) had significantly high frequency of increased NLR. Also, clinical symptoms like fever (77.9%), cough (80.9%), shortness of breath (94.3%) and abdominal symptoms (88.2%) also had same significant association. Conclusions: It was observed that high NLR ≥ 3 was associated with severe disease along with high ANC. However, lymphopenia as expected, was not observed in significant population. Instead, neutrophilia was a more consistent finding in the concerned group.
{"title":"Association of Neutrophilia with Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19","authors":"Aiman Mahmood Minhas, Nimrah Ishaque, Ayisha Imran, Nauman Aslam Malik, Akhtar Sohail Chughtai","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.935","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has become a global pandemic with limited data on prediction of disease severity and management of critically-ill patients. Objective: To assess associations between routine Haematologica parameters especially neutrophil counts and severity in COVID-19 patients. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study involving 133 non-severe and 120 severe category patients. This study was conducted at Chughtai Institute of Pathology from 1st June till 31st August, 2020. The association of severity with parameters was determined using Chi-square and Fisher´s Exact test. Results: Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) and NLR were significantly higher in Severe Group category. Neutrophilia and raised NLR were observed in 81.7% and 93% of the severe group respectively. Lymphopenia was observed in only 36.7% of Severe Group. Comorbidities such as, hypertension (82,1%), diabetes (85.5%), IHD (100%) and COPD (83.9%) had significantly high frequency of increased NLR. Also, clinical symptoms like fever (77.9%), cough (80.9%), shortness of breath (94.3%) and abdominal symptoms (88.2%) also had same significant association. Conclusions: It was observed that high NLR ≥ 3 was associated with severe disease along with high ANC. However, lymphopenia as expected, was not observed in significant population. Instead, neutrophilia was a more consistent finding in the concerned group.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trans-arterial Chemo-embolization is a treatment done for hepatic metastatic tumors caused by Chronic Liver Disease to reduce the tumor load on the liver. Objective: To assess the treatment response of TACE (Trans-Arterial Chemo-Embolization) in patients with HCC (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) based on the m-RECIST criteria. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted for a duration of one year; from December 2021 to December 2022. The Data were collected from Allied Hospital Faisalabad. TACE was done on a total of 80 patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma ages between 31 to 80 years and the response was evaluated by m-RECIST criteria on a CT Triphasic scan. The chi-square test was used to find the association between gender and tumor response. Results: A total of 80 TACE-treated patients of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, (n=56) 70% were males and (n=24) 30% were females. Tumor response was evaluated as CR in (n=45) 56% of patients, (n=26) 32% showed PR, (n=6) 8% had SD, while (n=3) 4% had PD. Most of the patients showed significant tumor necrosis, 70-90% tumor necrosis was seen in 52% of the patients. An association between gender (male participants; n=56) and tumor response to TACE (71 responded out of which 56 were males) was found to be significant. Conclusions: TACE is a better treatment option for unresectable and larger HCC if proper care, management, and continuation of disease assessment are done after the treatment, as it results in tumor burden reduction and improved chances of qualifying for liver transplant in suitable cases.
{"title":"Impact of Trans-Arterial Chemo-Embolization on Tumor Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Abdul Maajid Khokhar, Ayyaz Khan, Zartash Gull","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.933","url":null,"abstract":"Trans-arterial Chemo-embolization is a treatment done for hepatic metastatic tumors caused by Chronic Liver Disease to reduce the tumor load on the liver. Objective: To assess the treatment response of TACE (Trans-Arterial Chemo-Embolization) in patients with HCC (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) based on the m-RECIST criteria. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted for a duration of one year; from December 2021 to December 2022. The Data were collected from Allied Hospital Faisalabad. TACE was done on a total of 80 patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma ages between 31 to 80 years and the response was evaluated by m-RECIST criteria on a CT Triphasic scan. The chi-square test was used to find the association between gender and tumor response. Results: A total of 80 TACE-treated patients of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, (n=56) 70% were males and (n=24) 30% were females. Tumor response was evaluated as CR in (n=45) 56% of patients, (n=26) 32% showed PR, (n=6) 8% had SD, while (n=3) 4% had PD. Most of the patients showed significant tumor necrosis, 70-90% tumor necrosis was seen in 52% of the patients. An association between gender (male participants; n=56) and tumor response to TACE (71 responded out of which 56 were males) was found to be significant. Conclusions: TACE is a better treatment option for unresectable and larger HCC if proper care, management, and continuation of disease assessment are done after the treatment, as it results in tumor burden reduction and improved chances of qualifying for liver transplant in suitable cases.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men and early detection is vital for effective treatment. The traditional method for diagnosis includes the use of prostate biopsies, where a needle is used to extract tissue samples from the prostate gland to be analyzed for cancerous cells. Objective: To evaluate and compare the diagnosis rates of benign, malign, and intermediate conditions in patients subjected to 12-core, 14-core, and 16-core biopsy techniques. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted on patients who visited our clinic and underwent prostate biopsy between the years 2013 and 2021. This study revolved around a careful comparative examination of the diagnostic outcomes from three different prostate biopsy techniques – 12-core, 14-core, and 16-core biopsy. Reults: The findings indicated that there were no notable variations in age or PSA levels among the groups. The 12-core group showed 44.8% benign, 17.8% malign, and 37.4% borderline cases. The 14-core group revealed 43.1% benign, 31.4% malign, and 25.5% borderline cases. The 16-core group had 32% benign, 42.7% malign, and 25.2% borderline cases (p<0.001). Conclusions: The 16-core biopsy yielded the highest malignancy detection.
{"title":"Comparison of 12, 14 And 16 Core Prostate Biopsies in Detecting Prostate Cancer in Patients: A Comparative Study","authors":"Suleyman Sagır, Muslum Ergun","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i09.912","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men and early detection is vital for effective treatment. The traditional method for diagnosis includes the use of prostate biopsies, where a needle is used to extract tissue samples from the prostate gland to be analyzed for cancerous cells. Objective: To evaluate and compare the diagnosis rates of benign, malign, and intermediate conditions in patients subjected to 12-core, 14-core, and 16-core biopsy techniques. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted on patients who visited our clinic and underwent prostate biopsy between the years 2013 and 2021. This study revolved around a careful comparative examination of the diagnostic outcomes from three different prostate biopsy techniques – 12-core, 14-core, and 16-core biopsy. Reults: The findings indicated that there were no notable variations in age or PSA levels among the groups. The 12-core group showed 44.8% benign, 17.8% malign, and 37.4% borderline cases. The 14-core group revealed 43.1% benign, 31.4% malign, and 25.5% borderline cases. The 16-core group had 32% benign, 42.7% malign, and 25.2% borderline cases (p<0.001). Conclusions: The 16-core biopsy yielded the highest malignancy detection.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoufishan Yousaf, Aqsa Zaman, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Khan, C. Ara, H. A. Shakir, Muhammad Irfan, Bushra Nisar Khan
Cell cycle checkpoints play a crucial role in cell division by monitoring the orderly progression of each phase, ensuring accurate completion before advancing to the next stage. They act as quality control mechanisms, pausing the cell cycle when optimal conditions are not met, thereby preventing errors during cell division. Objective: To discover Sesquiterpene Lactones (SLs) as inhibitory compounds targeting Cyclin D1/Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4)- Cyclin Dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) complex and Eukaryotic Transcription Factor 2 protein (E2F-2). Methods: The inhibitory potential of SLs, namely ilicol, eucalyptone, and ascleposide E, was investigated using molecular docking analysis. The docking and visualization of ligand-protein complexes were performed using MGL Tools version 1.5.7, BIOVIA Discovery Studio version 21.1.0, and PyMol version 2.5.2. Additionally, drug likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of SLs were assessed via pkCSM and ADMET analysis. Results: Findings demonstrate that ilicol exhibit most favourable complex with CDK6 having binding energy of –7.8 kCal/mol and inhibition constant 1.81 μM. The visualization of ligand-receptor complexes reveals substantial hydrogen bonding interactions. Conclusions: Current study revealed that novel SLs show favourable drug likeness and promising ADMET profile along with strong inhibitory effect on G1/S regulatory proteins. The potency of SLs is in order of ilicol> ascleposide E>eucalyptone. To further validate the inhibitory effect of ilicol, implementation of comprehensive in vitro and in vivo investigations must be employed for progression of its development as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic.
{"title":"Sesquiterpene Lactones as Potential G1/S Phase Cell Cycle Inhibitors: A Molecular Docking Study","authors":"Zoufishan Yousaf, Aqsa Zaman, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Khan, C. Ara, H. A. Shakir, Muhammad Irfan, Bushra Nisar Khan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i08.925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i08.925","url":null,"abstract":"Cell cycle checkpoints play a crucial role in cell division by monitoring the orderly progression of each phase, ensuring accurate completion before advancing to the next stage. They act as quality control mechanisms, pausing the cell cycle when optimal conditions are not met, thereby preventing errors during cell division. Objective: To discover Sesquiterpene Lactones (SLs) as inhibitory compounds targeting Cyclin D1/Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4)- Cyclin Dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) complex and Eukaryotic Transcription Factor 2 protein (E2F-2). Methods: The inhibitory potential of SLs, namely ilicol, eucalyptone, and ascleposide E, was investigated using molecular docking analysis. The docking and visualization of ligand-protein complexes were performed using MGL Tools version 1.5.7, BIOVIA Discovery Studio version 21.1.0, and PyMol version 2.5.2. Additionally, drug likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of SLs were assessed via pkCSM and ADMET analysis. Results: Findings demonstrate that ilicol exhibit most favourable complex with CDK6 having binding energy of –7.8 kCal/mol and inhibition constant 1.81 μM. The visualization of ligand-receptor complexes reveals substantial hydrogen bonding interactions. Conclusions: Current study revealed that novel SLs show favourable drug likeness and promising ADMET profile along with strong inhibitory effect on G1/S regulatory proteins. The potency of SLs is in order of ilicol> ascleposide E>eucalyptone. To further validate the inhibitory effect of ilicol, implementation of comprehensive in vitro and in vivo investigations must be employed for progression of its development as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"29 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81441574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pakistan's healthcare system stands at a critical juncture, facing challenges that demand innovative solutions. Among these, the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) emerges as a promising avenue to bridge gaps, enhance service delivery, and transform the healthcare landscape. The collaboration between public and private sectors has the potential to bring together diverse expertise, resources, and perspectives, ultimately leading to a more resilient and effective healthcare system. In a country where public healthcare resources often struggle to meet the demands of a growing population, PPPs offer a strategic approach. Private sector entities, with their operational efficiency and investment capabilities, can inject vitality into the system. The provision of healthcare services, infrastructure development, and technology implementation are areas where PPPs can make a substantial impact. This synergy allows the public sector to leverage the strengths of the private sector while ensuring equitable access to quality healthcare services for all citizens. However, successful PPPs in healthcare necessitate careful planning, transparent frameworks, and clear delineation of roles and responsibilities. Balancing financial viability with social responsibility remains a challenge. It is essential to strike a harmonious equilibrium where the interests of both sectors converge for the greater good. Moreover, effective governance and regulatory oversight are crucial to prevent any compromise on healthcare quality or ethics. As Pakistan strives to achieve its healthcare development goals, lessons from successful PPP models globally can offer valuable insights. These models emphasize collaboration built on trust, open communication, and a shared vision. By fostering an environment that encourages innovation and collaboration, Pakistan can harness the full potential of PPPs to create a healthcare system that is robust, inclusive, and responsive to the needs of its citizens. In conclusion, the role of public-private partnerships in strengthening Pakistan's healthcare system is undeniable. By pooling resources, knowledge, and expertise, both sectors can collectively address the challenges that have long impeded the nation's healthcare progress. A well-structured and ethically sound approach to PPPs can pave the way for a future where quality healthcare services are accessible to all, setting Pakistan on a transformative path toward healthier communities and improved well-being.
{"title":"Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Strengthening Pakistan's Healthcare System","authors":"Riffat Mehboob","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i08.937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i08.937","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan's healthcare system stands at a critical juncture, facing challenges that demand innovative solutions. Among these, the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) emerges as a promising avenue to bridge gaps, enhance service delivery, and transform the healthcare landscape. The collaboration between public and private sectors has the potential to bring together diverse expertise, resources, and perspectives, ultimately leading to a more resilient and effective healthcare system. \u0000In a country where public healthcare resources often struggle to meet the demands of a growing population, PPPs offer a strategic approach. Private sector entities, with their operational efficiency and investment capabilities, can inject vitality into the system. The provision of healthcare services, infrastructure development, and technology implementation are areas where PPPs can make a substantial impact. This synergy allows the public sector to leverage the strengths of the private sector while ensuring equitable access to quality healthcare services for all citizens. \u0000However, successful PPPs in healthcare necessitate careful planning, transparent frameworks, and clear delineation of roles and responsibilities. Balancing financial viability with social responsibility remains a challenge. It is essential to strike a harmonious equilibrium where the interests of both sectors converge for the greater good. Moreover, effective governance and regulatory oversight are crucial to prevent any compromise on healthcare quality or ethics. \u0000As Pakistan strives to achieve its healthcare development goals, lessons from successful PPP models globally can offer valuable insights. These models emphasize collaboration built on trust, open communication, and a shared vision. By fostering an environment that encourages innovation and collaboration, Pakistan can harness the full potential of PPPs to create a healthcare system that is robust, inclusive, and responsive to the needs of its citizens. \u0000In conclusion, the role of public-private partnerships in strengthening Pakistan's healthcare system is undeniable. By pooling resources, knowledge, and expertise, both sectors can collectively address the challenges that have long impeded the nation's healthcare progress. A well-structured and ethically sound approach to PPPs can pave the way for a future where quality healthcare services are accessible to all, setting Pakistan on a transformative path toward healthier communities and improved well-being.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81363265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preserved foods can play a significant role in causing food poisoning when they are not handled, processed, or stored properly. Objective: To investigate facultative anaerobic foodborne bacterial pathogens from canned foods and to control their growth Lactobacillus plantarum was used as a bio-control agent. Methods: Different canned food samples were collected to isolate and identify facultative anaerobic bacterial pathogens. Results: Out of n=65 samples, n=13 samples cultured positive as facultative anaerobes. They were further confirmed with biochemical and molecular identifications as foodborne bacterial pathogens with a ratio of 62% Escherichia coli, 30% Salmonella typhimurium, and 8% Vibrio cholerae. During bio-control studies, the results revealed possible inhibition of facultative anaerobic bacterial pathogens by using purified compounds of Lactobacillus plantarum. Conclusions: The use of probiotics in canned foods requires careful consideration, as factors such as the specific strain, food matrix, processing conditions, and storage practices can influence its effectiveness.
{"title":"Isolation of Facultative Anaerobic Bacterial Pathogens from Canned Food and Use of Lactobacillus Plantarum as A Bio-Control Agent","authors":"Khudija Malik, Hussan Ibne Shoukani, Sabayyel Hassan, Saima Bibi, S. Bano","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i08.911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i08.911","url":null,"abstract":"Preserved foods can play a significant role in causing food poisoning when they are not handled, processed, or stored properly. Objective: To investigate facultative anaerobic foodborne bacterial pathogens from canned foods and to control their growth Lactobacillus plantarum was used as a bio-control agent. Methods: Different canned food samples were collected to isolate and identify facultative anaerobic bacterial pathogens. Results: Out of n=65 samples, n=13 samples cultured positive as facultative anaerobes. They were further confirmed with biochemical and molecular identifications as foodborne bacterial pathogens with a ratio of 62% Escherichia coli, 30% Salmonella typhimurium, and 8% Vibrio cholerae. During bio-control studies, the results revealed possible inhibition of facultative anaerobic bacterial pathogens by using purified compounds of Lactobacillus plantarum. Conclusions: The use of probiotics in canned foods requires careful consideration, as factors such as the specific strain, food matrix, processing conditions, and storage practices can influence its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89257598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeeshan Abbas, Saira Aslam, Muhammad Nabeel, Fatima Habib
The uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs is called lung cancer (LC). Majority of recorded LC cases is as a result of cigarette smoking. It is one of the most occurring types of cancer around the globe. Objective: To emphasizes on amplification of specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes coding for tyrosine tRNA and to find out its association with LC patients of Peshawar. Methods: In 18 LC patients, the mitochondrially encoded tRNA tyrosine gene was studied. Samples were collected from the Institute of Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The participants varied in age from 12 to 86 years. Patients had diabetes, hypertension, hepatitis C, bronchial asthma, dyspnea, hemoptysis, cardio myopathy, and stomach ulcers. DNA extraction and PCR of the tyr tRNA gene were performed. Along with gel electrophoresis. 8 samples were cleaned and sequenced. Results: The results were used for comparison with the reference DNA sequence of mitochondria i.e., revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) Accession No 0129201. According to NCBI BLAST data, there were no variations in the nucleotide position 5826-5891 of the mitochondrially encoded tyrosine tRNA gene in LC subject. Chromatogram of tyrosine gene which was taken from UGENE software showed that there is no variation in Tyrosine gene subject sequence. Conclusions: We found no mutation in the mtDNA encoded tyr tRNA gene related to LC patient from District Peshawar Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2020-2022.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Tyrosine tRNA (MT-TY) Gene Mutation Related to Lung Cancer Patients from District Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan During 2020-2022","authors":"Zeeshan Abbas, Saira Aslam, Muhammad Nabeel, Fatima Habib","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i08.928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i08.928","url":null,"abstract":"The uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs is called lung cancer (LC). Majority of recorded LC cases is as a result of cigarette smoking. It is one of the most occurring types of cancer around the globe. Objective: To emphasizes on amplification of specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes coding for tyrosine tRNA and to find out its association with LC patients of Peshawar. Methods: In 18 LC patients, the mitochondrially encoded tRNA tyrosine gene was studied. Samples were collected from the Institute of Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The participants varied in age from 12 to 86 years. Patients had diabetes, hypertension, hepatitis C, bronchial asthma, dyspnea, hemoptysis, cardio myopathy, and stomach ulcers. DNA extraction and PCR of the tyr tRNA gene were performed. Along with gel electrophoresis. 8 samples were cleaned and sequenced. Results: The results were used for comparison with the reference DNA sequence of mitochondria i.e., revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) Accession No 0129201. According to NCBI BLAST data, there were no variations in the nucleotide position 5826-5891 of the mitochondrially encoded tyrosine tRNA gene in LC subject. Chromatogram of tyrosine gene which was taken from UGENE software showed that there is no variation in Tyrosine gene subject sequence. Conclusions: We found no mutation in the mtDNA encoded tyr tRNA gene related to LC patient from District Peshawar Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2020-2022.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83812941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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