A. Mehmood, Malaika Ajaz, Waleed Rasool, Lahraseb Khan, Nida Naeem, A. Hassan
The Asparagus plant is considered to be a palatable chemical source against treating infectious diseases and flavorings. Its prevalent distribution is well-known in Asian and sub-Asian regions. Objective: To understand different activities that have been functional in the stem and leaf extracts of Asparagus officinalis including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Further, phytochemical constituents of asparagus are also discussed. Methods: The antibacterial assay of extracts for the variety of bacteria, indicated a maximum inhibition zone against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) (24 mm) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) (34 mm), whereas Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) (14 mm) at their respective temperature a minimum inhibition zone after 24 hours and 48 hours of incubation (37 °C for bacteria). Results: As a robust antioxidant reference standard, these antioxidant activities resulted in the stable radical 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). It can be reduced to yellow-coloured DPPH-H, reaching 75.81% of the DPPH scavenging impact at its 100% concentration in contrast to ascorbic acid. Various experiments have been carried out, including the Molisch test, Ninhydrin test, Wagner’s test, Alkaline reagent test, Froth test, Ferric reagent test, and Salkowski test for the phytochemical analysis. Conclusion: To sum that up, carbohydrates, saponins, and flavonoids are present in these extracts. These extracts were found to perform satisfactory activities in all tests.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on Asparagus officinalis: Its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Characteristics","authors":"A. Mehmood, Malaika Ajaz, Waleed Rasool, Lahraseb Khan, Nida Naeem, A. Hassan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.854","url":null,"abstract":"The Asparagus plant is considered to be a palatable chemical source against treating infectious diseases and flavorings. Its prevalent distribution is well-known in Asian and sub-Asian regions. Objective: To understand different activities that have been functional in the stem and leaf extracts of Asparagus officinalis including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Further, phytochemical constituents of asparagus are also discussed. Methods: The antibacterial assay of extracts for the variety of bacteria, indicated a maximum inhibition zone against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) (24 mm) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) (34 mm), whereas Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) (14 mm) at their respective temperature a minimum inhibition zone after 24 hours and 48 hours of incubation (37 °C for bacteria). Results: As a robust antioxidant reference standard, these antioxidant activities resulted in the stable radical 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). It can be reduced to yellow-coloured DPPH-H, reaching 75.81% of the DPPH scavenging impact at its 100% concentration in contrast to ascorbic acid. Various experiments have been carried out, including the Molisch test, Ninhydrin test, Wagner’s test, Alkaline reagent test, Froth test, Ferric reagent test, and Salkowski test for the phytochemical analysis. Conclusion: To sum that up, carbohydrates, saponins, and flavonoids are present in these extracts. These extracts were found to perform satisfactory activities in all tests.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86032014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevalent, preventable, and treatable chronic lung illness known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which may be accurately detected on HRCT, affects both men and women worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic features of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) using high resolution computed tomography. Methods: This study included 120 patients with COPD at least having a comprehensive clinical record of 6MWT defined as COPD by a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC 70% with sustained expiratory flow limitation. The sample size was computed at 120 patients using convenient approach and non-contrast HRCT was performed using 64 slides scanning from the apex of the lung to the diaphragm. Emphysema scoring and -950 HU criteria were used to automatically partition the lungs without including the central airways. The data were entered and analyzed on SPSS version 22. Results: HRCT scan findings show that patients with parenchymal bands were 9(7.5%) with bronchial wall thickening, nodules were (24)20%, bronchiectasis were (23)19%, apical fibrosis were (19)15%, and tree on bud pattern were (12)10%. Conclusions: It is concluded that COPD is common in males and worsens in cigarette or tobacco smokers, with a prevalence of parenchymal bands, bronchial wall thickening, nodules, bronchiectasis, apical fibrosis, and tree-on-bud patterns.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种流行的、可预防和可治疗的慢性肺部疾病，可以在HRCT上准确检测到，它影响着全世界的男性和女性。目的:探讨高分辨率计算机断层扫描对慢性肺阻塞性疾病(COPD)的诊断特点。方法:本研究纳入120例COPD患者，至少有全面的临床记录为6MWT，经支气管扩张剂后FEV1/FVC 70%定义为COPD，持续呼气流量受限。采用方便入路计算120例患者的样本量，并使用64张载片从肺尖到横膈膜进行非对比HRCT扫描。肺气肿评分和-950 HU标准用于自动划分肺，不包括中央气道。数据在SPSS version 22上输入和分析。结果:HRCT扫描示支气管实质带征9例(7.5%)伴支气管壁增厚，结节24例(20%)，支气管扩张23例(19%)，根尖纤维化19例(15%)，树芽型12例(10%)。结论:慢性阻塞性肺疾病常见于男性，吸烟或吸烟者病情加重，主要表现为实质带、支气管壁增厚、结节、支气管扩张、根尖纤维化和芽上树型。
{"title":"Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease (COPD) On High Resolution Computed Tomography","authors":"Shahraz Ashraf, Ali Junaid Dar, U. Nasir","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.852","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalent, preventable, and treatable chronic lung illness known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which may be accurately detected on HRCT, affects both men and women worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic features of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) using high resolution computed tomography. Methods: This study included 120 patients with COPD at least having a comprehensive clinical record of 6MWT defined as COPD by a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC 70% with sustained expiratory flow limitation. The sample size was computed at 120 patients using convenient approach and non-contrast HRCT was performed using 64 slides scanning from the apex of the lung to the diaphragm. Emphysema scoring and -950 HU criteria were used to automatically partition the lungs without including the central airways. The data were entered and analyzed on SPSS version 22. Results: HRCT scan findings show that patients with parenchymal bands were 9(7.5%) with bronchial wall thickening, nodules were (24)20%, bronchiectasis were (23)19%, apical fibrosis were (19)15%, and tree on bud pattern were (12)10%. Conclusions: It is concluded that COPD is common in males and worsens in cigarette or tobacco smokers, with a prevalence of parenchymal bands, bronchial wall thickening, nodules, bronchiectasis, apical fibrosis, and tree-on-bud patterns.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90989711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing health concern in Pakistan, with a significant impact on the country's population and economy. NCDs are chronic conditions that are not caused by infectious agents and are generally linked to lifestyle factors, such as unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, and tobacco and alcohol use. The prevalence of NCDs in Pakistan has increased rapidly over the past few decades, with estimates suggesting that more than 60% of deaths in the country are now attributed to NCDs. The most common NCDs in Pakistan are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. These conditions not only have a devastating impact on individuals and families, but also place a significant burden on the healthcare system and the economy. There are several reasons why NCDs are on the rise in Pakistan. One of the key factors is the changing lifestyle patterns in the country, with increasing urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy diets. Poverty, lack of education, and poor healthcare infrastructure are also contributing factors, as they limit access to healthy foods, physical activity, and medical care. To address the growing prevalence of NCDs in Pakistan, there is an urgent need for a coordinated and comprehensive approach. This should involve a range of stakeholders, including the government, healthcare professionals, civil society organizations, and the private sector. One of the key interventions that can be implemented is to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent risk factors for NCDs. This includes initiatives to improve access to healthy foods, promote physical activity, and reduce tobacco and alcohol use. Health education and awareness campaigns can also play a critical role in raising awareness of the risks associated with NCDs and promoting healthy behaviors. Another critical intervention is to strengthen healthcare systems to ensure that NCDs are diagnosed and treated early. This requires investments in healthcare infrastructure, including training healthcare professionals and improving access to medical equipment and supplies. It also involves developing effective referral systems to ensure that patients receive appropriate care and treatment. Finally, there is a need for research and innovation to better understand the causes and mechanisms of NCDs in Pakistan. This includes developing locally relevant research studies and using the findings to inform policy and practice. In conclusion, the prevalence of NCDs in Pakistan is a significant public health concern that requires urgent attention. By adopting a comprehensive approach that addresses both prevention and treatment, and by engaging a range of stakeholders, it is possible to mitigate the impact of NCDs and improve the health and wellbeing of the Pakistani population
{"title":"Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases","authors":"Ahmed B Alwazzan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.857","url":null,"abstract":"Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing health concern in Pakistan, with a significant impact on the country's population and economy. NCDs are chronic conditions that are not caused by infectious agents and are generally linked to lifestyle factors, such as unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, and tobacco and alcohol use. \u0000The prevalence of NCDs in Pakistan has increased rapidly over the past few decades, with estimates suggesting that more than 60% of deaths in the country are now attributed to NCDs. The most common NCDs in Pakistan are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. These conditions not only have a devastating impact on individuals and families, but also place a significant burden on the healthcare system and the economy. \u0000There are several reasons why NCDs are on the rise in Pakistan. One of the key factors is the changing lifestyle patterns in the country, with increasing urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy diets. Poverty, lack of education, and poor healthcare infrastructure are also contributing factors, as they limit access to healthy foods, physical activity, and medical care. \u0000To address the growing prevalence of NCDs in Pakistan, there is an urgent need for a coordinated and comprehensive approach. This should involve a range of stakeholders, including the government, healthcare professionals, civil society organizations, and the private sector. \u0000One of the key interventions that can be implemented is to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent risk factors for NCDs. This includes initiatives to improve access to healthy foods, promote physical activity, and reduce tobacco and alcohol use. Health education and awareness campaigns can also play a critical role in raising awareness of the risks associated with NCDs and promoting healthy behaviors. \u0000Another critical intervention is to strengthen healthcare systems to ensure that NCDs are diagnosed and treated early. This requires investments in healthcare infrastructure, including training healthcare professionals and improving access to medical equipment and supplies. It also involves developing effective referral systems to ensure that patients receive appropriate care and treatment. \u0000Finally, there is a need for research and innovation to better understand the causes and mechanisms of NCDs in Pakistan. This includes developing locally relevant research studies and using the findings to inform policy and practice. \u0000In conclusion, the prevalence of NCDs in Pakistan is a significant public health concern that requires urgent attention. By adopting a comprehensive approach that addresses both prevention and treatment, and by engaging a range of stakeholders, it is possible to mitigate the impact of NCDs and improve the health and wellbeing of the Pakistani population","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80985546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anika Nadeem, Ramesha Qazi, Anum Zafar, S. Batool, R. Naseer
Sedentary activity has been related to poor physical health outcomes in both adults and youth in previous studies. While there is growing evidence of a correlation between sedentary behavior and mental health outcomes, little is known about the risk of hyperventilation syndrome. Objective: To find out the prevalence of hyperventilation syndrome due to sedentary lifestyle among students of Karachi quarantined amidst COVID outbreak. Methods: A cross sectional online survey based questionnaire which included IPAQ (International physical activity questionnaire) to access sedentary behavior and Nijmegen questionnaire to rule out hyperventilation syndrome was used to collect data from 214 students from Karachi, Pakistan. Results: Out of the total 214 subjects, 128(59.5%) developed a sedentary behavior and 86(40%) were found non sedentary. These 128(59.5%) students were further assessed for hyperventilation out of which 114(53%) were found to be positive. Conclusions: The study concluded that 53% students of Karachi with sedentary lifestyle developed hyperventilation syndrome amidst COVID outbreak.
{"title":"Sedentary Lifestyle Associated Hyperventilation Syndrome among Students of Karachi Quarantined Amidst COVID Out Break: A Cross Sectional Survey","authors":"Anika Nadeem, Ramesha Qazi, Anum Zafar, S. Batool, R. Naseer","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.856","url":null,"abstract":"Sedentary activity has been related to poor physical health outcomes in both adults and youth in previous studies. While there is growing evidence of a correlation between sedentary behavior and mental health outcomes, little is known about the risk of hyperventilation syndrome. Objective: To find out the prevalence of hyperventilation syndrome due to sedentary lifestyle among students of Karachi quarantined amidst COVID outbreak. Methods: A cross sectional online survey based questionnaire which included IPAQ (International physical activity questionnaire) to access sedentary behavior and Nijmegen questionnaire to rule out hyperventilation syndrome was used to collect data from 214 students from Karachi, Pakistan. Results: Out of the total 214 subjects, 128(59.5%) developed a sedentary behavior and 86(40%) were found non sedentary. These 128(59.5%) students were further assessed for hyperventilation out of which 114(53%) were found to be positive. Conclusions: The study concluded that 53% students of Karachi with sedentary lifestyle developed hyperventilation syndrome amidst COVID outbreak.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76753985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Manzoor, M. Aslam, Kausar Perveen, Fouzia Bashir
Septicemia is an infection caused by poisoning of blood by bacteria and is a prevalent disease in Pakistan. However, there is limited understanding of the pathogenesis of abnormal blood, liver and renal chemistry tests in septicemia. Objective: To determine variations in respective LFTs and RFTs and CBCs of diabetic and non-diabetic patients of septicemia. Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional research was directed, involving 101 participants diagnosed with septicemia. Study setting was Mayo Hospital Lahore. A specially designed Performa was used to record data, including liver function tests, renal function tests, and complete blood count for each patient. The data were analyzed using the latest version of SPSS. Results: In this study 45/101 patients of septicemia had diabetes. LFTs were also same for both non-diabetic and diabetic patients except Albumin which was low in diabetic patients but normal in non-diabetic patients. CBC were equally deranged in all diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Conclusions: This research provides important understandings into the variations of LFTs and RFTs and CBCs in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with septicemia. The findings suggest that while LFTs are similar between the two groups, there is a difference in albumin levels, highlighting the need for further investigation into the role of diabetes in septicemia.
{"title":"Variations in Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients of Septicemia","authors":"Z. Manzoor, M. Aslam, Kausar Perveen, Fouzia Bashir","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.850","url":null,"abstract":"Septicemia is an infection caused by poisoning of blood by bacteria and is a prevalent disease in Pakistan. However, there is limited understanding of the pathogenesis of abnormal blood, liver and renal chemistry tests in septicemia. Objective: To determine variations in respective LFTs and RFTs and CBCs of diabetic and non-diabetic patients of septicemia. Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional research was directed, involving 101 participants diagnosed with septicemia. Study setting was Mayo Hospital Lahore. A specially designed Performa was used to record data, including liver function tests, renal function tests, and complete blood count for each patient. The data were analyzed using the latest version of SPSS. Results: In this study 45/101 patients of septicemia had diabetes. LFTs were also same for both non-diabetic and diabetic patients except Albumin which was low in diabetic patients but normal in non-diabetic patients. CBC were equally deranged in all diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Conclusions: This research provides important understandings into the variations of LFTs and RFTs and CBCs in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with septicemia. The findings suggest that while LFTs are similar between the two groups, there is a difference in albumin levels, highlighting the need for further investigation into the role of diabetes in septicemia.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84642352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafiza Madiha Jaffar, B. Rizwan, Al Noor Naseem, U. Asghar, Zabreen Ghalib, Iram Tariq, Gull e Raana Najeeb, Tania Arshad, A. Ahmed, M. Munir, A. Azhar
Excessive consumption of tea and coffee has been linked with dietary iron deficiency in many clinical trials. People who consume tea or coffee with meal are at higher risk of developing dietary iron deficiency. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency in relation with tea or coffee among female university students. Methods: 150 female students at University of Lahore selected randomly. All participants were willing to participate in this survey. Questionnaires (on the base of 25 iron deficiency related question) were used for the collection of data to assess the relation between consumption of tea and iron deficiency. Results: 88 participants reported experiencing headache when not taking tea or coffee for long time. 41 desire to consume it all the time. 49 participants experience fatigue when not consumed tea or coffee. 31 participants consume tea or coffee with meal. 27 participants experience symptoms of anemia. 68 participants consume tea or coffee for mind relaxation. 54 participants take tea or coffee for better sleep. 83 participants consume for weight management. About 91 participants take dietary supplement for iron less than 1-2 times a day. Conclusions: This study shows that all the participants consume tea or coffee on daily basis while majority of them take with meal. The participants revealed to have symptoms of iron deficiency. Consumption of tea or coffee with meal is one of the reasons of dietary iron deficiency as chelates present in tea and coffee hinders the absorption of iron from food.
{"title":"Association Between Tea and Coffee Consumption and Symptoms of Iron Deficiency Among University Students","authors":"Hafiza Madiha Jaffar, B. Rizwan, Al Noor Naseem, U. Asghar, Zabreen Ghalib, Iram Tariq, Gull e Raana Najeeb, Tania Arshad, A. Ahmed, M. Munir, A. Azhar","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.771","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive consumption of tea and coffee has been linked with dietary iron deficiency in many clinical trials. People who consume tea or coffee with meal are at higher risk of developing dietary iron deficiency. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency in relation with tea or coffee among female university students. Methods: 150 female students at University of Lahore selected randomly. All participants were willing to participate in this survey. Questionnaires (on the base of 25 iron deficiency related question) were used for the collection of data to assess the relation between consumption of tea and iron deficiency. Results: 88 participants reported experiencing headache when not taking tea or coffee for long time. 41 desire to consume it all the time. 49 participants experience fatigue when not consumed tea or coffee. 31 participants consume tea or coffee with meal. 27 participants experience symptoms of anemia. 68 participants consume tea or coffee for mind relaxation. 54 participants take tea or coffee for better sleep. 83 participants consume for weight management. About 91 participants take dietary supplement for iron less than 1-2 times a day. Conclusions: This study shows that all the participants consume tea or coffee on daily basis while majority of them take with meal. The participants revealed to have symptoms of iron deficiency. Consumption of tea or coffee with meal is one of the reasons of dietary iron deficiency as chelates present in tea and coffee hinders the absorption of iron from food.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80189273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of technology in advancing medical practice and improving patient outcomes is increasingly vital in today's healthcare landscape. In the past few decades, we have seen rapid advancements in medical technology, which have transformed how we diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. Medical technology has brought about remarkable improvements in patient outcomes and quality of life, as well as reducing healthcare costs. One of the most significant advances in medical technology is the development of electronic health records (EHRs). EHRs allow healthcare providers to store patient information electronically, making it more accessible and easier to share between healthcare providers. With EHRs, healthcare providers can access patient records in real-time, enabling them to make informed decisions about patient care. EHRs also enable healthcare providers to track patient outcomes and improve the quality of care provided to patients. Medical imaging technology has also revolutionized medical practice. Medical imaging technology includes X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans. These technologies allow healthcare providers to visualize the inside of a patient's body, enabling them to diagnose and treat diseases more accurately and effectively. In addition, the development of 3D printing technology has allowed healthcare providers to create custom prosthetics and implants for patients, improving their quality of life. Telemedicine is another area where technology has advanced medical practice. Telemedicine allows healthcare providers to diagnose and treat patients remotely, reducing the need for in-person visits. This technology has been particularly useful in rural areas where patients have limited access to healthcare. Telemedicine also reduces healthcare costs by reducing the need for expensive in-person visits. In conclusion, technology has played a significant role in advancing medical practice and improving patient outcomes. From electronic health records to medical imaging technology and telemedicine, medical technology has transformed how we diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. While there are still challenges to overcome, such as ensuring the security and privacy of patient information, it is clear that medical technology will continue to play a critical role in improving healthcare outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. As healthcare providers and technology companies work together to develop and implement new medical technologies, we can expect to see continued progress in the years to come.
{"title":"Technology in Advancing Medical Practice","authors":"Riffat Mehboob","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.849","url":null,"abstract":"The role of technology in advancing medical practice and improving patient outcomes is increasingly vital in today's healthcare landscape. In the past few decades, we have seen rapid advancements in medical technology, which have transformed how we diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. Medical technology has brought about remarkable improvements in patient outcomes and quality of life, as well as reducing healthcare costs. \u0000One of the most significant advances in medical technology is the development of electronic health records (EHRs). EHRs allow healthcare providers to store patient information electronically, making it more accessible and easier to share between healthcare providers. With EHRs, healthcare providers can access patient records in real-time, enabling them to make informed decisions about patient care. EHRs also enable healthcare providers to track patient outcomes and improve the quality of care provided to patients. \u0000Medical imaging technology has also revolutionized medical practice. Medical imaging technology includes X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans. These technologies allow healthcare providers to visualize the inside of a patient's body, enabling them to diagnose and treat diseases more accurately and effectively. In addition, the development of 3D printing technology has allowed healthcare providers to create custom prosthetics and implants for patients, improving their quality of life. \u0000Telemedicine is another area where technology has advanced medical practice. Telemedicine allows healthcare providers to diagnose and treat patients remotely, reducing the need for in-person visits. This technology has been particularly useful in rural areas where patients have limited access to healthcare. Telemedicine also reduces healthcare costs by reducing the need for expensive in-person visits. \u0000In conclusion, technology has played a significant role in advancing medical practice and improving patient outcomes. From electronic health records to medical imaging technology and telemedicine, medical technology has transformed how we diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. While there are still challenges to overcome, such as ensuring the security and privacy of patient information, it is clear that medical technology will continue to play a critical role in improving healthcare outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. As healthcare providers and technology companies work together to develop and implement new medical technologies, we can expect to see continued progress in the years to come.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89206730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dried cells of microorganisms such as fungi, algae, and bacteria, known as Single-Cell Proteins (SCPs), are utilized as a source of protein supplements in animal feed or human food. These SCPs can be produced through the use of low-cost feedstocks and waste materials as sources of carbon and energy, which can be converted into biomass and concentrated proteins. Objective: To optimize the yield and growth of dry cell biomass through the manipulation of fermentation conditions. Methods: A batch fermentation process was used to produce dry cell biomass from a microorganism. Different pH values, fermentation times, and reactor configurations were tested, and the resulting biomass was analyzed for its protein content. Results: The maximum yield of dry cell biomass was achieved at pH 4.5, with a yield of 1.951 g/100 ml. The maximum dry biomass was achieved after 72 hours of fermentation, with a yield of 2.824 g/100 ml. The maximum yield of dry biomass was achieved with an Airlift fermenter at an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm and a temperature of 35°C for 72 hours, resulting in a yield of 5.452 g/L. The protein content of the dried cell biomass was found to be in the range of 45-55%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the yield and growth of dry cell biomass can be optimized by controlling the fermentation conditions, specifically pH, fermentation time, and reactor configuration. These findings may have implications for the industrial-scale production of dry cell biomass, as they offer insight into how to maximize yield and protein content.
{"title":"Effect of pH and Different Fermentation Time Intervals on the Production of Single Cell Proteins (SCPs) from Potato Peels","authors":"Hira Nadeem","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.848","url":null,"abstract":"Dried cells of microorganisms such as fungi, algae, and bacteria, known as Single-Cell Proteins (SCPs), are utilized as a source of protein supplements in animal feed or human food. These SCPs can be produced through the use of low-cost feedstocks and waste materials as sources of carbon and energy, which can be converted into biomass and concentrated proteins. Objective: To optimize the yield and growth of dry cell biomass through the manipulation of fermentation conditions. Methods: A batch fermentation process was used to produce dry cell biomass from a microorganism. Different pH values, fermentation times, and reactor configurations were tested, and the resulting biomass was analyzed for its protein content. Results: The maximum yield of dry cell biomass was achieved at pH 4.5, with a yield of 1.951 g/100 ml. The maximum dry biomass was achieved after 72 hours of fermentation, with a yield of 2.824 g/100 ml. The maximum yield of dry biomass was achieved with an Airlift fermenter at an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm and a temperature of 35°C for 72 hours, resulting in a yield of 5.452 g/L. The protein content of the dried cell biomass was found to be in the range of 45-55%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the yield and growth of dry cell biomass can be optimized by controlling the fermentation conditions, specifically pH, fermentation time, and reactor configuration. These findings may have implications for the industrial-scale production of dry cell biomass, as they offer insight into how to maximize yield and protein content.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86459375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apple peel is considered as a waste product in many fruit industries but it is a noteworthy source of nutrients and phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols which have the ability to scavenge free radicals. Objectives: To study the physicochemical properties of apple (Malus domestica) peel powder, as well as its TPC and free radical scavenging activities. Methods: Proximate analysis of the apple peels powder was carried out. Total polyphenol content of apple peel powder was determined. The total content of phenolic compounds was expressed as gallic acid equivalent, i.e. mg GAE/100g of extract dry weight of sample. Results: The results of physicochemical characteristics moisture (7.65±0.88%), ash (2.50±0.35%), fat (1.18±0.02%), fiber (15.25±1.03%), protein (2.79±0.05%), carbohydrates (71.0±2.30%) and energy were 312±4.70 Kcal/100g. The total phenolic contents in the methanolic extract of apple peel powder were 320±5.4 mg GAE/100g while in H2O extract 201±4.20 mg/100g. The findings of the apple peel powder's methanolic extract's capacity to scavenge free radicals varied from 25.40±1.30—69.2±3.80%, while those of the water extract were 14.30±1.05—45.62±1.90% and BHT were 17.8±1.15—51.62±2.15% at concentration 20-100 µg/ml. Conclusions: The outcomes showed that both apple peel powder extracts had promising total polyphenols and have strong free radical scavenging activity. These findings suggest that the apple peel powder act as robust naturally occurring antioxidants and may be employed as a preventative therapy for several oxidative stress-related degenerative disorders.
{"title":"Physicochemical Characteristics, Total Phenolic Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Apple (Malus Domestica) Peel Powder","authors":"M. Khalid Saeed, N. Zahra, A. Saeed, Q. Syed","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.847","url":null,"abstract":"Apple peel is considered as a waste product in many fruit industries but it is a noteworthy source of nutrients and phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols which have the ability to scavenge free radicals. Objectives: To study the physicochemical properties of apple (Malus domestica) peel powder, as well as its TPC and free radical scavenging activities. Methods: Proximate analysis of the apple peels powder was carried out. Total polyphenol content of apple peel powder was determined. The total content of phenolic compounds was expressed as gallic acid equivalent, i.e. mg GAE/100g of extract dry weight of sample. Results: The results of physicochemical characteristics moisture (7.65±0.88%), ash (2.50±0.35%), fat (1.18±0.02%), fiber (15.25±1.03%), protein (2.79±0.05%), carbohydrates (71.0±2.30%) and energy were 312±4.70 Kcal/100g. The total phenolic contents in the methanolic extract of apple peel powder were 320±5.4 mg GAE/100g while in H2O extract 201±4.20 mg/100g. The findings of the apple peel powder's methanolic extract's capacity to scavenge free radicals varied from 25.40±1.30—69.2±3.80%, while those of the water extract were 14.30±1.05—45.62±1.90% and BHT were 17.8±1.15—51.62±2.15% at concentration 20-100 µg/ml. Conclusions: The outcomes showed that both apple peel powder extracts had promising total polyphenols and have strong free radical scavenging activity. These findings suggest that the apple peel powder act as robust naturally occurring antioxidants and may be employed as a preventative therapy for several oxidative stress-related degenerative disorders.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87235353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occasional periods or no menstrual periods at all are typical symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). It is due to an excessive synthesis of the hormone androgens, people with PCOS frequently have numerous ovarian cysts [1]. According to literature between 33 and 83 percent of women with PCOS who are overweight or obese shows signs of acne, hirsutism, and male pattern baldness and if not managed high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases and endometrial cancer. Insulin levels in PCOS patients are frequently reported to be higher than usual. The pancreas is where hormone insulin is made [2]. It works with the body's cells in converting sugar (glucose) into energy. The sugar levels in blood may increase if your body doesn't create enough insulin [3]. This can also occur when you develop insulin resistance, which prevents you from adequately using the insulin that you do make [4]. The body may try to produce excessive amounts of insulin if you develop insulin resistance in an effort to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Your ovaries may start to create more androgens like testosterone if your insulin levels are too high [5]. The obese and overweight according to BMI can cause the insulin resistance [6]. Due to their insulin resistance, people with PCOS typically deal with this issue, which can keep reduced weight more challenging [7]. It could be more challenging to regulate insulin resistance and, as a result, weight reduction if you eat a diet high in refined carbs, which including starchy and sugary meals [8].
{"title":"Dietary Modifications in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Public Health Concern","authors":"T. Faridi","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i02.845","url":null,"abstract":"Occasional periods or no menstrual periods at all are typical symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). It is due to an excessive synthesis of the hormone androgens, people with PCOS frequently have numerous ovarian cysts [1]. According to literature between 33 and 83 percent of women with PCOS who are overweight or obese shows signs of acne, hirsutism, and male pattern baldness and if not managed high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases and endometrial cancer. Insulin levels in PCOS patients are frequently reported to be higher than usual. The pancreas is where hormone insulin is made [2]. It works with the body's cells in converting sugar (glucose) into energy. The sugar levels in blood may increase if your body doesn't create enough insulin [3]. This can also occur when you develop insulin resistance, which prevents you from adequately using the insulin that you do make [4]. The body may try to produce excessive amounts of insulin if you develop insulin resistance in an effort to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Your ovaries may start to create more androgens like testosterone if your insulin levels are too high [5]. The obese and overweight according to BMI can cause the insulin resistance [6]. Due to their insulin resistance, people with PCOS typically deal with this \u0000 \u0000issue, which can keep reduced weight more challenging [7]. It could be more challenging to regulate insulin resistance and, as a result, weight reduction if you eat a diet high in refined carbs, which including starchy and sugary meals [8]. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86675504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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