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Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building最新文献

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Dynamic calculation of the crankshaft stress-strain state 曲轴应力-应变状态的动态计算
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.18698/0536-1044-2023-4-55-61
A. I. Yamanin
The paper describes application of the finite element method in the explicit formulation (Explicit) for dynamic calculation of the stress-strain state of the full-size crankshaft represented by a continuous model taking into account contact interaction with the supports and the rapidly varying nature of the loading. The procedure for preparing and imposing the corresponding force boundary conditions is described. The proposed calculation method makes it possible to simultaneously determine the instantaneous values of stresses due to the incoming torques and additional stresses caused by all types of oscillations (torsional, longitudinal and bending).
本文介绍了有限元法在全尺寸曲轴应力-应变状态动态计算的显式公式(explicit)中的应用,该计算用连续模型表示,考虑了与支承的接触相互作用和载荷的快速变化性质。描述了编制和施加相应力边界条件的程序。所提出的计算方法可以同时确定由于传入扭矩和由所有类型的振荡(扭转、纵向和弯曲)引起的附加应力引起的应力的瞬时值。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the backward flow in Roots-type vacuum pump with elliptical rotor profile in the gas flow molecular regime 椭圆转子型罗茨型真空泵在气体流动分子状态下的反流研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.18698/0536-1044-2023-4-38-45
A. Isaev, A. Raykov, A. Burmistrov, S. Salikeev
A Roots-type two-rotor vacuum pump with the rotors’ elliptical profile was designed, developed and manufactured. Its channels conductivity was measured experimentally at various angles of the rotors’ rotation and pressures. Experimental conductivity of the channels was determined in the flow molecular regime. Using the angle factor method implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics package calculated values of the channel conductivity were obtained for a two-rotor vacuum pump. Deviations in calculated data from the experimental data were not exceeding 10%. Verification and validation of analytical expressions for conductivity of the non-contact pump slot channels demonstrated possibility of their application in mathematical models of the working process of the two-rotor vacuum pumps.
设计、研制并制造了一种转子为椭圆型的罗茨型双转子真空泵。在不同的转子旋转角度和压力下,对其通道电导率进行了实验测量。在流动分子状态下测定了通道的实验电导率。利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件包中实现的角度因子法,获得了双转子真空泵通道电导率的计算值。计算数据与实验数据偏差不超过10%。通过对非接触式泵槽通道电导率解析表达式的验证和验证,证明了将其应用于双转子真空泵工作过程数学模型的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Surface roughness after turning the austenitic 08X18H10 steel alloyed with copper and manganese depending on structure and properties formed by the intensive plastic deformation 车削后的奥氏体08X18H10铜锰合金钢的表面粗糙度取决于剧烈塑性变形形成的组织和性能
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.18698/0536-1044-2023-4-10-20
A. Filippov, N. Shamarin, S. Tarasov, S. Fortuna, V. Utyaganova
Various industries are widely using the austenitic stainless steels, and these steels possess the potential to improve their mechanical properties through alloying and deformation machining. However, such material improvement could also affect the quality of its machine cutting. The paper studies the influence of intensive plastic deformation on structure and properties of the 08X18H10 steel alloyed with copper and manganese, as well as on the quality of its machining in turning under different structural states. It was established that the use of multilateral forging led to formation of a heavily deformed subgrain structure with the high dislocation density in the steel under study, and subsequent rolling caused additional formation of the differently oriented deformation microtwins and packs of nanotwins. These structural alterations contributed to increasing the strength and micro-hardness of the material. Analysis of the machine turned surface relief of the samples showed that using the intensive plastic deformation made it possible to significantly reduce the Ra and Rz roughness parameters compared to those samples not subjected to intensive plastic deformation. It was found that an increase in feed led to the growing micro-hardness of the material thin near-surface layer and to its smoother alteration in depth from the machined surface.
奥氏体不锈钢被广泛应用于各个工业领域,这些钢具有通过合金化和变形加工来改善其力学性能的潜力。但是,这种材料的改进也会影响其机器切割的质量。研究了强塑性变形对铜锰合金08X18H10钢组织和性能的影响,以及在不同组织状态下对其车削加工质量的影响。结果表明,多边锻造导致所研究钢中形成具有高位错密度的大变形亚晶组织,随后的轧制导致不同取向变形的微孪晶和纳米孪晶的额外形成。这些结构变化有助于提高材料的强度和显微硬度。结果表明,与未进行强塑性变形的样品相比,采用强塑性变形的样品可以显著降低Ra和Rz粗糙度参数。结果表明,随着进给量的增加,材料近表面薄层的显微硬度增加,其深度变化与加工表面相比更加光滑。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of the fine-module teeth cutting section in the eccentric free running mechanisms 偏心自由运转机构小模数齿切削截面的测定
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.18698/0536-1044-2023-4-3-9
O. Sharkov, A. Kalinin
Normal forces use to transfer the load makes it possible to increase load capacity and reliability of the free running mechanisms. Normal forces in the eccentric free running mechanisms are realized in engagement of the fine-module teeth that are cut on the outer cage inner surface and the outer surface of the eccentric rings. To ensure correct operation of the mechanism in jamming and wedging, value of the fine-module teeth cutting section angle should be selected from the equality condition of the radial clearance between the outer cage teeth and the eccentric ring in the entire working section. To solve the problem, calculation scheme is proposed and mathematical model is obtained that describes relationship between the fine-module cutting section angle and the mechanism geometric parameters. The nature of the main geometric parameters influence (radius, eccentricity, radial clearance, module, etc.) on the value of the teeth cutting section angle was established. It is shown that eccentricity provides the greatest influence on the working area size, radial clearance and module influences are less pronounced.
使用法向力来传递负载,可以增加自由运行机构的负载能力和可靠性。偏心自由运行机构中的法向力是通过切割在外笼内表面和偏心环外表面上的细模齿的啮合来实现的。为保证机构在卡楔时的正确运行,应从整个工作截面内外保持架齿与偏心环径向间隙相等的条件中选择细模齿切割截面角的值。针对这一问题,提出了计算方案,建立了描述小模切截面角与机构几何参数关系的数学模型。建立了主要几何参数(半径、偏心、径向间隙、模数等)对齿切截面角值的影响性质。结果表明,偏心距对工作面积的影响最大,径向间隙和模量的影响较小。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the synthesis of bionic thin-walled structures of the aircraft fuselage compartment type 飞机机身隔舱型仿生薄壁结构的合成研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.18698/0536-1044-2023-4-62-71
L. P. Zheleznov, N. A. Laperdina
The topological optimization method was used to synthesize bionic structures for the promising small aircraft compartment made of aluminum alloy. Topological optimization was performed on the basis of the ESO-SIMP method using the ANSYS Workbench software tools. Influence of the design parameters, in particular, of the shell thickness, on the strength and weight characteristics of the compartment bionic structures after topological optimization was studied under the external loads action.
将拓扑优化方法应用于小型飞机铝合金舱仿生结构的合成。基于ESO-SIMP方法,利用ANSYS Workbench软件工具进行拓扑优化。研究了外载荷作用下设计参数,特别是壳体厚度对拓扑优化后的隔室仿生结构强度和重量特性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Computational study of the hovercraft hydraulic transmission 气垫船液压传动的计算研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.18698/0536-1044-2023-4-46-54
N. Sosnovsky, V. Nguyen
Implementation of the vehicles optimal operating modes and improvement of their energy efficiency appears to be an urgent task. The paper considers a hovercraft with the hydraulic transmission. Combined mathematical model of hydraulic transmission and fan supplying air to the air cushion section was developed. Automatic control of the pump swashplate inclination angle with the vessel moving upon different support surfaces was analyzed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment in terms of increasing efficiency of the fan and system operation. The system calculation scheme is presented, and acceptable transient characteristics were obtained. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to select and assess optimal frequency of the hydraulic motor shaft rotation with the vessel moving upon different surfaces, analyze and improve the system energy efficiency. Using the proposed transmission control unit in a hovercraft allows maintaining the fan efficiency and the required vessel height above the supporting surface.
实现汽车的最佳运行模式,提高汽车的能源效率是一项紧迫的任务。本文研究了一种液压传动气垫船。建立了液压传动与风机向气垫段送风的联合数学模型。从提高风机效率和系统运行效率的角度出发,在MATLAB/Simulink环境下,对船舶在不同支撑面上运动时泵斜盘倾角的自动控制进行了分析。给出了系统的计算方案,得到了可接受的暂态特性。所建立的数学模型可以选择和评估船舶在不同表面上运动时液压马达轴的最佳旋转频率,分析和提高系统的能量效率。在气垫船中使用提议的传动控制单元可以保持风扇效率和所需的支撑表面以上的船舶高度。
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引用次数: 0
Parameters of the polymeric materials ultrasonic welding 高分子材料超声焊接参数
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.18698/0536-1044-2023-4-21-29
S. Volkov, A. Remizov, A. Konovalov, V. M. Nerovnyy
It was established that the mode parameters determining efficiency of the plastics ultrasonic welding process include waveguide oscillation amplitude, welding static pressure, oscillation frequency, welding time and size of the fixed gap between the waveguide working end and the support. In each specific welding mode, an increase in the gap of more optimal value leads to a decrease in the breaking load; this is especially true in welding products of higher thickness. Welding could be performed on surfaces coated with various products. An expression was obtained to determine time and intensity coefficients of the ultrasonic welding mode. Fixture supports influence on quality and strength of the welded joints in the ultrasonic welding of polymeric materials was considered. When using an active support, strength and productivity of ultrasonic welding was much higher than in using the passive supports. Results of the experiments confirmed the relationship between the support oscillations amplitude and the heating, thickness and properties of the parts to be welded. A working cycle of the plastics ultrasonic welding is proposed, where the static welding pressure and the ultrasonic pulse time are ensuring maximum strength and tightness of the welded joint.
确定了决定塑料超声焊接效率的模态参数包括波导振荡幅值、焊接静压、振荡频率、焊接时间以及波导工作端与支架之间的固定间隙大小。在各特定焊接模式下,越优的间隙越大,断裂载荷减小;在厚度较高的焊接产品中尤其如此。可在涂有各种产品的表面进行焊接。得到了确定超声焊接模式时间和强度系数的表达式。研究了聚合物材料超声焊接中夹具支承对焊接接头质量和强度的影响。采用主动支架时,超声焊接的强度和生产率都比采用被动支架时高得多。实验结果证实了支撑振荡幅值与加热、焊件厚度和焊件性能之间的关系。提出了塑料超声焊接的工作循环,其中静焊接压力和超声脉冲时间保证焊接接头的最大强度和紧密性。
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引用次数: 0
Pneumatic controllers based on the jet force action effect 气动控制器基于射流力的作用效果
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.18698/0536-1044-2023-4-30-37
V. Makarov, A.Z. Kazaryan, F. Korolev
The paper considers schemes of pneumatic regulators, which operation principle is based on the jet force action effect on the flat plate. The main nodes of such regulators include the plate support and the compensatory circuit of the regenerative feedback forming the basis for building pneumatic control circuits that implement the basic laws of regulation. The proposed devices are able to improve static characteristics due to their linearity. Schemes are provided of aerostatic bearing, regenerative feedback, jet-pneumatic proportional and proportional-integral controllers, precession and differentiation block, proportional integral differential controller and semi-proportional controller.
本文研究了一种基于射流作用于平板的气动调节器方案。该调节器的主要节点包括板支撑和再生反馈补偿回路,构成了构建执行调节基本规律的气动控制回路的基础。由于其线性特性,所提出的器件能够改善静态特性。提供了空气静压轴承、再生反馈、射流-气动比例和比例积分控制器、进动和微分块、比例积分微分控制器和半比例控制器的方案。
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引用次数: 0
Methods for controlling temperature of the instrumentation equipment using the contour heat pipe 用轮廓热管控制仪表设备温度的方法
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.18698/0536-1044-2023-3-110-119
N.O. Borschev
The paper considers two ways of maintaining temperature of the instrumentation equipment: using the heat pipes equipped with thermoelectric cooling plate on the compensation cavity and the control valve installed at the outlet of the evaporating radiator. Since the temperature of the contour heat pipe is mainly controlled by the temperature of the compensation cavity positioned behind the evaporator, maintaining the high-precision temperature mode of this device is an urgent task for the entire spacecraft thermal regime. In the first method, the evaporating radiator is heated or cooled depending on the plate device polarity. In the second, the compensation chamber temperature could be changed using the steam supplied to the compensation cavity by a regulator installed at the outlet of the evaporator. Temperature control using a valve is due to the fact that the steam of the working fluid enters the bellows under pressure, which depends on the temperature in the evaporator. Pressure difference between steam and gas causes the bellows to contract and expand, while the valve associated with it partially closes the openings in the housing, through which the steam enters the condenser and the compensation cavity. Detailed description of these devices operation is provided, and thermal hydraulic models of the contour heat pipes equipped with these two devices are compiled.
本文考虑了两种维持仪表设备温度的方法:在补偿腔上安装热电冷却板的热管和安装在蒸发散热器出口的控制阀。由于轮廓热管的温度主要由蒸发器后补偿腔的温度控制,因此保持该装置的高精度温度模式是整个航天器热态的紧迫任务。在第一种方法中,根据板器件极性对蒸发散热器进行加热或冷却。在第二种情况下,补偿腔的温度可以通过安装在蒸发器出口的调节器提供给补偿腔的蒸汽来改变。使用阀门控制温度是由于工作流体的蒸汽在压力下进入波纹管,这取决于蒸发器的温度。蒸汽和气体之间的压力差使波纹管收缩和膨胀,而与之相关的阀门部分关闭外壳上的开口,蒸汽通过这些开口进入冷凝器和补偿腔。详细介绍了这两种装置的工作原理,并编制了两种装置所配备的轮廓热管的热工模型。
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引用次数: 0
Selection and optimization of a promising structural power scheme for the unmanned aerial vehicle fuselage made of polymer composite materials 高分子复合材料无人机机身结构动力方案的选择与优化
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.18698/0536-1044-2023-3-101-109
S. V. Baranovski, Phyo Zaw Khaing
Fuselage is the main element of unmanned aerial vehicle, which parameters optimization could increase the structure strength and weight characteristics. Both the modern polymer composite materials with high specific characteristics and the advanced power circuits are able to assist in solving this problem. Selection and optimization of the structural power scheme of the unmanned aerial vehicle fuselage appear to be an urgent task. Structure loads under various flight and maneuver modes were analyzed. Eight fuselage structural power schemes were designed including classic, grid, auxetic and biosimilar structures. Operation of the power circuits made of carbon fiber exposed to the obtained loads was considered, and their stress-strain state was determined. Rational scheme was selected according to the minimum mass and maximum strength criteria, for which the main parameters were determined. Advantage of the promising power circuit over the classical one was shown. The results obtained are part of a comprehensive study of the promising structural power schemes made of polymer composite materials.
机身是无人机的主体部件,优化机身参数可以提高无人机的结构强度和重量特性。具有高比特性的现代高分子复合材料和先进的功率电路都有助于解决这一问题。无人机机身结构动力方案的选择与优化已成为一项紧迫的任务。分析了不同飞行和机动模式下的结构载荷。设计了八种机身结构动力方案,包括经典结构、网格结构、辅助结构和生物相似结构。考虑了碳纤维电路在载荷作用下的运行情况,确定了碳纤维电路的应力应变状态。根据最小质量和最大强度准则选择合理方案,确定了方案的主要参数。指出了这种有前途的功率电路相对于传统电路的优点。所得结果是对高分子复合材料结构动力方案综合研究的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building
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