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Prediction of solar activity time series using LSTM artificial neural network 利用LSTM人工神经网络预测太阳活动时间序列
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.2.003
B. Kozelov
A numerical model for predicting the parameters of solar activity — the number of sunspots R and the radioflux at a wave of 10.7 cm F10.7 ahead for 27 days — has been built. The numerical model uses an artificial neural network (NN) with LSTM (Long short-term memory) layers. For both the number of sunspots and the radioflux, the model predicts the levels and limits of variation of the values for 27 days. The average absolute prediction error of the model is less than 6 %. The real-time model is implemented on the site http://aurora.pgia.ru and can be an addition to long-term forecasts of other INTERNET resources.
已经建立了一个预测太阳活动参数的数值模型——太阳黑子的数量R和未来27天10.7厘米F10.7波的辐射通量。数值模型采用具有LSTM(长短期记忆)层的人工神经网络(NN)。对于太阳黑子的数量和辐射通量,该模型预测了27天内数值变化的水平和极限。模型的平均绝对预测误差小于6%。实时模型在http://aurora.pgia.ru网站上实现,可以作为对其他INTERNET资源长期预测的补充。
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引用次数: 0
Spectral characteristics of x-ray and gamma radiation in long-term growth events 长期生长事件中x射线和伽马辐射的光谱特征
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.2.011
Y. Balabin, A. Germanenko, E. Maurchev, E. Mikhalko, B. Gvozdevsky
The work is devoted to the study of a little-studied phenomenon: an increase in X-ray and gamma radiation coming from the atmosphere during precipitation. In this work, attention is focused on the analysis of long-term increase events, which occur rarely and differ from typical increase events in slow growth and the presence of many maxima. A differential spectrum meter for electromagnetic radiation in the range of 0.1–4 MeV is used. An analysis of the spectra measured in long-term increase events showed that the characteristics of the spectra do not differ from the same characteristics in ordinary increases. It is concluded that long-term events do not differ from ordinary ones and are due to the same reasons.
这项工作致力于研究一个很少被研究的现象:在降水期间来自大气的x射线和伽马射线的增加。在这项工作中,注意力集中在长期增长事件的分析上,这种事件很少发生,与缓慢增长和存在许多最大值的典型增长事件不同。采用差分谱计测量0.1-4 MeV范围内的电磁辐射。对长期增长事件所测得的光谱的分析表明,光谱的特征与普通增长的相同特征没有区别。得出的结论是,长期事件与普通事件没有区别,它们是由同样的原因造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Method of calculation of synthetic emission spectra of triplet states of molecular nitrogen in apolars 极性中氮分子三重态合成发射光谱的计算方法
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.2.007
Zh. V. Dashkevich, V. Ivanov
A method for calculating synthetic emission spectra of systems of triplet levels of molecular nitrogen is presented: Vegard- VK N2(A^3 Σ_u^+→X^1 Σ_g^+), the first positive system 1PG N2(〖 B〗^3 Π_g→A^3 Σ_u^+), the second positive system 2PG N2(C^3 Π_u→B^3 Π_g). The individual structures of the corresponding molecules are taken into account. The populations of the vibrational levels of the triplet states are calculated taking into account the energy transfer between triplet levels in collisional reactions and the intramolecular redistribution of energy. Examples of calculation of synthetic spectra are presented.
提出了一种计算分子氮三重态体系合成发射光谱的方法:Vegard- VK N2(A^3 Σ_u^+→X^1 Σ_g^+),第一正极体系1PG N2(〖B〗^3 Π_g→A^3 Σ_u^+),第二正极体系2PG N2(C^3 Π_u→B^3 Π_g)。相应分子的个别结构被考虑在内。考虑碰撞反应中三重态能级之间的能量转移和分子内能量的再分配,计算了三重态振动能级的居群。给出了合成光谱的计算实例。
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引用次数: 0
Muon telescopes of the polar stations Apatity and Barentsburg for observations of small variations of cosmic rays 极地站Apatity和Barentsburg的μ子望远镜用于观测宇宙射线的微小变化
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.2.001
Y. Balabin, A. Germanenko, E. Maurchev, E. Mikhalko, B. Gvozdevsky
The first results of the operation of a pair of muon telescopes installed at the Apatity and Barentsburg stations (Svalbard) in addition to the existing neutron monitors are presented. A technique for separating small variations against the background of stronger variations caused by solar activity is proposed. With its help, a small anisotropy of cosmic rays between the directions of reception of muon telescopes was revealed. It is still difficult to judge the reasons for such anisotropy, since the period of solar activity is 11 years, and observations were made for just over a year
本文介绍了安装在Apatity和Barentsburg站(Svalbard)的一对介子望远镜以及现有中子监测器的初步运行结果。提出了一种从太阳活动引起的较强变化的背景下分离小变化的技术。在它的帮助下,揭示了介子望远镜接收方向之间宇宙射线的小各向异性。由于太阳活动周期为11年,而观测仅进行了一年多,因此判断这种各向异性的原因仍然很困难
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引用次数: 0
The contribution of the ionospheric disturbances registered by EISCAT radar to GPS signal scintillations EISCAT雷达记录电离层扰动对GPS信号闪烁的贡献
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.2.005
V. Belakhovsky, Yaqi Jin, Miloch Wojciech
It is performed an analysis of the influence of ionosphere disturbances on GPS scintillations at the auroral oval using receiver at Skibotn station (SKN, CGM — 66.28N, 103.41E). The ionosphere parameters were determined using EISCAT UHF radar data. We analyze the events for the years 2015-2022 when the GPS and EISCAT data were available. In this paper we present typical events. The optical aurora observations at Skibotn stations in 557.7 and 630.0nm spectrum lines were used as well. It is shown that the strongest GPS phase scintillations (σΦ > 1) were produced by the ionosphere disturbances in the E-region (100–120 km), these disturbances were accompanied by the appearance of the auroral arcs. Ionosphere disturbances in the F-region (> 200 km) do not produce any significant phase scintillations. The night-time and evening substorms accompanied by the negative magnetic bay produce strongest GPS phase scintillations. At the same time, positive magnetic bays, associated with the growth of the eastern electrojet, during magnetic storm produce comparable phase scintillation as night-time substorms. We did not find a clear growth of the amplitude scintillations during considered events.
利用Skibotn站(CGM - 66.28N, 103.41E)的接收机,分析了电离层扰动对北极光椭圆处GPS闪烁的影响。利用EISCAT超高频雷达数据确定电离层参数。我们分析了2015-2022年GPS和EISCAT数据可用时的事件。在本文中,我们提出了典型的事件。同时利用Skibotn站557.7和63.0 nm谱线的光学极光观测资料。结果表明,最强的GPS相位闪烁(σΦ > 1)是由e区(100-120 km)的电离层扰动产生的,这些扰动伴随着极光弧的出现。在f区(bbb200 km)的电离层扰动不会产生任何显著的相位闪烁。伴随负磁湾的夜间和傍晚亚暴产生最强的GPS相位闪烁。与此同时,在磁暴期间,与东部电喷流的增长有关的正磁湾产生与夜间亚暴相当的相位闪烁。在考虑的事件中,我们没有发现幅度闪烁的明显增长。
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引用次数: 0
Some data about growth and age of Arctic staghorn sculpin Gymnocanthus tricuspis (Reinhardt, 1830) in the Kara Sea 关于喀拉海北极鹿角雕刻鱼Gymnocanthus tricuspis (Reinhardt, 1830)生长和年龄的一些资料
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.3.013
S. Chaus
This article provides data on size-age composition and growth rate of arctic staghorn sculpin Gymnocanthus tricuspis (Reinhardt, 1830) in the Kara Sea. Sculpins aged from 1+ to 7+ years, total length (TL) 4.5–19.5 cm long, and weighing 0.8–111.0 g were registered in catches. It is known that during the first three years of life, body sizes of males and females of this species are comparable, but from the fourth year onwards, females grow much faster; that’s the reason why length and weight of fish with the same age may be significantly different. Individuals of G. tricuspis with a TL 9.0–11.0 сm and age 4+ dominated.
本文提供了喀拉海北极鹿角雕塑Gymnocanthus tricuspis (Reinhardt, 1830)的尺寸-年龄组成和生长速率的资料。捕获的雕塑年龄在1岁以上至7岁以上,总长度为4.5-19.5 cm,重量为0.8-111.0 g。众所周知,在生命的前三年,雄性和雌性的身体大小相当,但从第四年开始,雌性的生长速度要快得多;这就是为什么相同年龄的鱼的长度和重量可能会有显著差异的原因。以TL 9.0 ~ 11.0 μ m、年龄4岁以上的三毛鼠为优势。
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引用次数: 0
Population characteristics of the bivalve mollusk Macoma calcarea (Gmelin, 1791) in fjords with different hydrological regime (Svalbard) 斯瓦尔巴群岛不同水文条件峡湾双壳类软体动物马卡马种群特征
Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.3.009
A. E. Noskovich
The features of the distribution and biology of the bivalve mollusk Macoma calcarea in the fjords of Western Svalbard with different hydrological regimes in 2019 have been established. Two groups of settlements are distinguished, differing in terms of abundance, size and age structure, and growth rate. The most favorable conditions for the formation of colonies with high abundance, diverse size and age structure, and high lifespan of M. calcarea were noted in the Atlantic and transformed Atlantic water masses with a temperature of more than 2 oC in Grenfjord Inlet and Koles Bay, due to the influence of the warm Atlantic currents. The least favorable conditions are typical for fjords with negative water temperatures and high salinity in the layer of winter water masses (Sturfjord), where an unstable settlement with low abundance, high growth rate and shorter life expectancy has formed.
建立了2019年不同水文条件下斯瓦尔巴群岛西部峡湾双壳类软体动物马卡马的分布特征和生物学特征。两组聚落在丰度、大小、年龄结构和增长率方面有所不同。受大西洋暖流的影响,大西洋和温度超过2℃的格兰峡湾(grenjord Inlet)和科尔斯湾(Koles Bay)的大西洋转换水团最有利于形成高丰度、大小和年龄结构多样、寿命长的calcalarea m.s。最不利的条件是冬季水团层(Sturfjord)中水温负、盐度高的峡湾,在那里形成了丰度低、生长速度快、寿命短的不稳定沉降。
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引用次数: 0
Solid atmospheric precipitation in Murmansk and its environs 摩尔曼斯克及其周边地区的固体大气降水
Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.3.007
Maksim V. Mityaev, Marina V. Gerasimova, E. Druzhkova, T. G. Ishkulova, M. Menshakova
In the period from January 2, 2018 to December 30, 2022, a comprehensive study of solid atmospheric precipitation was carried out in Murmansk and its environs. Data were obtained on the concentration in freshly fallen snow of solid insoluble particles (9.19±0.51 mg/l) and their components: heavy metals (zinc – 60.1±9.8 ng/g, copper – 11.0±2.6 ng/g, lead – 3.28±0.18 ng/g, cadmium – 0.859±0.096 ng/g), nutrients (nitrates – 79±11 µg-at/l, nitrites – 1.02±0.14 µg-at/l, phosphates – 4.64±0.67 µg-at/l, silicates – 25±5 µg-at/l) and organic matter (21.2±2.2 mg/l), as well as the amount of polymer particles (fragments – 7766±1401 particles per liter, micro-fibers – 638±134 threads per liter, macro-fibers – 29±4 threads per liter). The relationship between the number of insoluble particles and the direction of air masses inflow was revealed. Air masses coming from the Barents Sea brought solid precipitation with less insoluble aerosols (including heavy metals, polymer particles and organic matter) than air masses coming from the continent. The amount of biogenic elements in solid atmospheric precipitation does not depend on the direction of inflow of air masses.
2018年1月2日至2022年12月30日,在摩尔曼斯克及其周边地区开展了固体大气降水的综合研究。获得初雪中固体不溶性颗粒浓度(9.19±0.51 mg/l)及其组分数据:重金属(锌- 60.1±9.8 ng/g,铜- 11.0±2.6 ng/g,铅- 3.28±0.18 ng/g,镉- 0.859±0.096 ng/g),营养物质(硝酸盐- 79±11µg-at/l,亚硝酸盐- 1.02±0.14µg-at/l,磷酸盐- 4.64±0.67µg-at/l,硅酸盐- 25±5µg-at/l)和有机物(21.2±2.2 mg/l),以及聚合物颗粒(碎片- 7766±1401颗粒/升,微纤维- 638±134螺纹/升,宏观纤维- 29±4螺纹/升)的数量。揭示了不溶性颗粒数与气团流入方向的关系。来自巴伦支海的气团带来了固体降水,其中不溶性气溶胶(包括重金属、聚合物颗粒和有机物)比来自大陆的气团少。大气固体降水中生物成因元素的含量与气团流入方向无关。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrological studies of Zelenetskaya Bay in the summer of 2021 2021年夏季泽列涅茨卡亚湾的水文研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.3.006
T. M. Maksimovskaya
The thermohaline characteristics of the waters and the specificities of the hydrological regime of the Zelenetskaya Bay in the summer are analyzed. The location of the Bay, its relevance for scientific research and recreational use determine its importance as a model reservoir in the coast of East Murman (Kola Peninsula). The materials allow us to get an idea of the modern nuances of the hydrological regime of coastal waters. Over the past two decades, much less attention has been paid to such studies than to studies of the open part of the Barents Sea. The presented data of oceanographic observations were obtained in July 2021 during the expedition of the MMBI RAS to the R/V “Dalniye Zelentsy”. It is shown that in the studied area and in the Murmansk coast, in general, tidal currents play an important role in the formation of the thermohaline state of waters. Also important is the continental runoff, which has a desalinating effect locally in the lips of the peninsula. Additional information was obtained on the features of the distribution of desalinated water mass formed in the Zelenetskaya Bay and localized along the inner line of the islands.
分析了泽列涅茨卡亚湾夏季水域的温盐特征和水文状况的特殊性。海湾的位置,它与科学研究和娱乐用途的相关性决定了它作为东摩尔曼海岸(科拉半岛)的模范水库的重要性。这些材料使我们对近岸水域水文状况的现代细微差别有了一个概念。在过去的二十年里,对这类研究的关注远远少于对巴伦支海开放部分的研究。所提供的海洋观测数据是在2021年7月MMBI RAS对“Dalniye Zelentsy”号R/V的考察期间获得的。研究表明,在研究区域和摩尔曼斯克海岸,一般来说,潮流在海水热盐状态的形成中起着重要作用。同样重要的是大陆径流,它对半岛的局部嘴唇有淡化作用。还获得了关于在泽列涅茨卡亚湾形成并沿岛屿内线定位的淡化水团分布特征的额外信息。
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引用次数: 0
Species composition of fish of Belokamennaya Bay (Kola Inlet) marked in May and August–October 2022 2022年5月和8 - 10月belokamenaya湾(Kola湾)鱼类种类组成
Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.3.001
O. Bondarev
The species composition of the ichthyofauna of Belokamennaya Bay were carried out from May to October 2022 was studied. 10 species of fish belonging to 6 families were found in the study area. Most of the species belong to the boreal complex. The commercial status in the Barents Sea has seven (70 %) species of fish. The European flounder Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) dominated in abundance (35 %) and the pollock Pollachius virens (Linnaeus, 1758) (33 %). In terms of biomass, a large share of the catch (43.6 %) was occupied by European flounder, and the European sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius (Linnaeus, 1758) also accounted for a significant part – 22.2 %.
对2022年5 - 10月belokamenaya湾鱼类区系的种类组成进行了研究。研究区共发现鱼类10种,隶属6科。大多数物种属于北方复合体。在巴伦支海的商业地位有7种(70%)鱼类。欧洲比目鱼(Platichthys flesus, Linnaeus, 1758)和狭鳕(Pollachius virens, Linnaeus, 1758)数量最多,分别占35%和33%。在生物量方面,欧洲比目鱼(43.6%)占据了捕捞量的很大份额,而欧洲刻鱼Myoxocephalus scorpius (Linnaeus, 1758)也占据了22.2%的重要部分。
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引用次数: 0
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Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities
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