Performance enhancement and health最新文献_第7页

Social network exposure and sociodemographic factors associated with intentions to use anabolic-androgenic steroids 社会网络暴露和社会人口因素与使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇的意向有关

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100357

Kyle T. Ganson , Alexander Testa , Timothy Piatkowski , Jason M. Nagata

Objectives

This study aimed to examine 1) perceived anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use within the social networks of non-consumers, 2) the intentions to use AAS among non-consumers, including the sociodemographic predictors of intentions to use, and 3) whether perceived AAS use within one’s social network is associated with intentions to use.

Methods

Data from 1515 boys and men from Canada and the United States were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe perceived AAS use within the social networks of participants and their intentions to use AAS. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the sociodemographic associations with intentions to use AAS and whether perceived AAS use within one’s social network is associated with AAS use intentions.

Results

Over one third (34.9 %) of participants reported perceiving any individual in their social network who uses AAS, while intentions to use AAS were relatively weak. Participants who identified as multi-racial were associated with stronger intentions to use AAS, while those who identified as gay or had a master’s degree or higher were associated with weaker intentions to use. Participants who perceived anyone in their social network who used AAS were associated with stronger intentions to use themselves.

Conclusion

These findings provide novel insights into AAS use within the social networks of a large, diverse, and international sample of boys and men, and their intentions to use. Prevention efforts should focus on boys and men who identify as multi-racial and who have individuals in their social network who use AAS.

本研究旨在研究1)非消费者社交网络中合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）的使用情况，2)非消费者使用AAS的意图，包括使用意图的社会人口预测因素，以及3)社交网络中AAS的使用是否与使用意图相关。方法对来自加拿大和美国的1515名男孩和男性的数据进行分析。描述性统计用于描述参与者在社会网络中感知到的AAS使用情况以及他们使用AAS的意图。使用线性回归分析来确定社会人口学与AAS使用意图的关联，以及在一个人的社会网络中感知到的AAS使用是否与AAS使用意图相关。结果超过三分之一（34.9%）的参与者报告认为他们的社交网络中有任何个人使用AAS，而使用AAS的意愿相对较弱。被认为是多种族的参与者使用AAS的意愿更强，而那些被认为是同性恋或拥有硕士学位或更高学历的参与者使用AAS的意愿更弱。那些认为自己的社交网络中有人在使用AAS的参与者更倾向于使用自己。这些发现提供了关于AAS在一个大的、多样化的、国际性的男孩和男人的社会网络中的使用情况，以及他们使用AAS的意图的新见解。预防工作应侧重于那些被认为是多种族的男孩和男性，以及他们的社交网络中有人使用AAS。

{"title":"Social network exposure and sociodemographic factors associated with intentions to use anabolic-androgenic steroids","authors":"Kyle T. Ganson , Alexander Testa , Timothy Piatkowski , Jason M. Nagata","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine 1) perceived anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use within the social networks of non-consumers, 2) the intentions to use AAS among non-consumers, including the sociodemographic predictors of intentions to use, and 3) whether perceived AAS use within one’s social network is associated with intentions to use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 1515 boys and men from Canada and the United States were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe perceived AAS use within the social networks of participants and their intentions to use AAS. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the sociodemographic associations with intentions to use AAS and whether perceived AAS use within one’s social network is associated with AAS use intentions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over one third (34.9 %) of participants reported perceiving any individual in their social network who uses AAS, while intentions to use AAS were relatively weak. Participants who identified as multi-racial were associated with stronger intentions to use AAS, while those who identified as gay or had a master’s degree or higher were associated with weaker intentions to use. Participants who perceived anyone in their social network who used AAS were associated with stronger intentions to use themselves.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings provide novel insights into AAS use within the social networks of a large, diverse, and international sample of boys and men, and their intentions to use. Prevention efforts should focus on boys and men who identify as multi-racial and who have individuals in their social network who use AAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrative self-regulation model for sport and exercise: Theory and implications for comprehensive training 运动与锻炼的综合自我调节模型：理论与综合训练的启示

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100350

Alexander T. Latinjak

Self-regulation is essential in sport and exercise, enabling athletes to manage emotions, motivation, and performance under pressure. However, research remains fragmented, often isolating aspects such as self-control, coping, and emotion regulation without integrating them into a cohesive framework. This paper introduces the Integrative Self-Regulation Model for Sport and Exercise, which unifies these processes to provide a structured yet adaptable approach to self-regulation training. The model consists of four core components: self-awareness and motivation for change, strategy selection, self-regulatory behaviours, and mental control, emphasizing the ability to regulate self-regulation by continuously monitoring and refining strategies. Despite its importance, self-regulation is prone to failure. Excessive self-awareness can lead to over-analysis and negative self-judgment, poor strategy selection may result in maladaptive coping, and overuse of mental control can cause cognitive fatigue. These pitfalls highlight the need for systematic training to develop adaptive, flexible, and context-sensitive strategies. To bridge theory and practice, the article presents a comprehensive checklist for self-regulation training and suggests evidence-based methods aligned with different aspects of the model. It offers a conceptual framework for studying self-regulation in sport and exercise, guiding both research and applied interventions to optimize performance and well-being.

自我调节在运动和锻炼中是必不可少的，它使运动员能够在压力下管理情绪、动力和表现。然而，研究仍然是碎片化的，往往孤立的方面，如自我控制，应对和情绪调节没有整合到一个有凝聚力的框架。本文介绍了运动和锻炼的综合自我调节模型，该模型将这些过程统一起来，提供了一种结构化但适应性强的自我调节训练方法。该模型由四个核心部分组成：自我意识和改变动机、策略选择、自我调节行为和精神控制，强调通过持续监测和改进策略来调节自我调节的能力。尽管自律很重要，但它很容易失败。过度的自我意识会导致过度分析和消极的自我判断，糟糕的策略选择会导致不适应的应对，过度使用精神控制会导致认知疲劳。这些陷阱突出了系统培训的必要性，以开发适应性强、灵活和环境敏感的策略。为了将理论与实践相结合，本文提出了一份全面的自我调节培训清单，并提出了与该模型的不同方面相一致的循证方法。它为研究运动和锻炼中的自我调节提供了一个概念框架，指导研究和应用干预措施，以优化表现和健康。

{"title":"Integrative self-regulation model for sport and exercise: Theory and implications for comprehensive training","authors":"Alexander T. Latinjak","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-regulation is essential in sport and exercise, enabling athletes to manage emotions, motivation, and performance under pressure. However, research remains fragmented, often isolating aspects such as self-control, coping, and emotion regulation without integrating them into a cohesive framework. This paper introduces the Integrative Self-Regulation Model for Sport and Exercise, which unifies these processes to provide a structured yet adaptable approach to self-regulation training. The model consists of four core components: self-awareness and motivation for change, strategy selection, self-regulatory behaviours, and mental control, emphasizing the ability to regulate self-regulation by continuously monitoring and refining strategies. Despite its importance, self-regulation is prone to failure. Excessive self-awareness can lead to over-analysis and negative self-judgment, poor strategy selection may result in maladaptive coping, and overuse of mental control can cause cognitive fatigue. These pitfalls highlight the need for systematic training to develop adaptive, flexible, and context-sensitive strategies. To bridge theory and practice, the article presents a comprehensive checklist for self-regulation training and suggests evidence-based methods aligned with different aspects of the model. It offers a conceptual framework for studying self-regulation in sport and exercise, guiding both research and applied interventions to optimize performance and well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychophysiological profiling of elite cricket athletes 优秀板球运动员的心理生理特征分析

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100349

Asia Joseph , Michael Waller , Trey Watson , Tiberio Garza , Marcelo Bigliassi

Identifying optimal psychophysiological states and developing individualized profiles can enhance emotion regulation and reduce performance variability in cricket athletes. This study examined the relationship between psychophysiological states and performance accuracy in 36 elite fast bowlers across four experimental conditions, resulting in 144 observations. Heart rate variability (HRV) and affective states, measured via the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), were recorded before and after accuracy-based tasks. Self-selected sensory interventions were applied prior to each over to regulate psychophysiological arousal and evoke targeted emotional responses. A Support Vector Regression (SVR) model, incorporating direction-aware distance features and evaluated with leave-one-participant-out cross-validation, emerged as the best-performing approach (R² = 0.282). This method accounted for individual differences by rescaling RMSSD values within participants and weighting deviations from personally “optimal” psychophysiological states. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis further highlighted RMSSD distance and affect-based features as primary predictors of performance. These findings underscore the importance of personalized strategies for psychophysiological regulation, suggesting that traditional one-size-fits-all approaches may overlook crucial individual nuances. Overall, the results demonstrate how precise, data-driven interventions could potentially enhance consistency and precision in high-pressure sporting environments.

识别最佳的心理生理状态和发展个性化的档案可以增强情绪调节和减少表现变异性在板球运动员。本研究考察了36名优秀快速投球运动员在四种实验条件下的心理生理状态与表现准确性之间的关系，得出了144项观察结果。通过自我评估模型（SAM）测量的心率变异性（HRV）和情感状态，在基于准确性的任务之前和之后被记录下来。自我选择的感官干预被应用于每一场比赛之前，以调节心理生理唤醒和唤起有针对性的情绪反应。采用支持向量回归（SVR）模型，结合了方向感知距离特征，并通过留一个参与者的交叉验证进行评估，成为表现最好的方法（R²= 0.282）。该方法通过重新调整参与者的RMSSD值和个人“最佳”心理生理状态的加权偏差来解释个体差异。SHAP （SHapley Additive explanation）分析进一步强调RMSSD距离和基于影响的特征是性能的主要预测因子。这些发现强调了个性化心理生理调节策略的重要性，表明传统的一刀切方法可能忽略了关键的个体细微差别。总的来说，研究结果表明，精确的、数据驱动的干预措施可能会提高高压运动环境中的一致性和准确性。

{"title":"Psychophysiological profiling of elite cricket athletes","authors":"Asia Joseph , Michael Waller , Trey Watson , Tiberio Garza , Marcelo Bigliassi","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying optimal psychophysiological states and developing individualized profiles can enhance emotion regulation and reduce performance variability in cricket athletes. This study examined the relationship between psychophysiological states and performance accuracy in 36 elite fast bowlers across four experimental conditions, resulting in 144 observations. Heart rate variability (HRV) and affective states, measured via the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), were recorded before and after accuracy-based tasks. Self-selected sensory interventions were applied prior to each over to regulate psychophysiological arousal and evoke targeted emotional responses. A Support Vector Regression (SVR) model, incorporating direction-aware distance features and evaluated with leave-one-participant-out cross-validation, emerged as the best-performing approach (R² = 0.282). This method accounted for individual differences by rescaling RMSSD values within participants and weighting deviations from personally “optimal” psychophysiological states. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis further highlighted RMSSD distance and affect-based features as primary predictors of performance. These findings underscore the importance of personalized strategies for psychophysiological regulation, suggesting that traditional one-size-fits-all approaches may overlook crucial individual nuances. Overall, the results demonstrate how precise, data-driven interventions could potentially enhance consistency and precision in high-pressure sporting environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Levelling up esports research: Mapping the past, present, and future of a thriving digital arena 升级电子竞技研究：描绘一个蓬勃发展的数字竞技场的过去、现在和未来

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100354

Fernando Navarro-Lucena , Sebastian Molinillo , Rafael Anaya-Sánchez , Francisco Muñoz-Leiva

Electronic sports, or esports, is a rapidly expanding industry. While esports are relatively new, their attractiveness has provoked significant scientific production. The objectives of the present study are to identify the topics that have been analysed to date, the advances that have taken place in knowledge of the activity, the emerging trends and to propose future research directions. A bibliometric analysis of the relevant scientific production was undertaken through performance and co-word analyses of a database of the 1,097 articles published on esports and indexed in Scopus. The results identified six major thematic esports-related research areas: live streaming, marketing, gender, gambling, health and sports in general. Future research might examine the motivations for watching live streamings, their commercial exploitation by sponsoring companies, the possible relationship between esports and gambling and how the consumption/practise of esports affects health.

电子竞技是一个迅速发展的产业。虽然电子竞技相对较新，但其吸引力已经引发了大量的科学研究。本研究的目的是确定迄今为止已分析的主题，在活动知识方面取得的进展，新出现的趋势，并提出未来的研究方向。通过对发表在电子竞技领域并在Scopus中检索的1097篇文章的数据库进行绩效和共词分析，对相关科学成果进行了文献计量学分析。结果确定了与电子竞技相关的六个主要专题研究领域：直播、营销、性别、赌博、健康和一般体育。未来的研究可能会考察观看直播的动机、赞助公司对其的商业利用、电子竞技与赌博之间的可能关系，以及电子竞技的消费/实践如何影响健康。

引用次数: 0

Governance and integrity challenges in esports: A scoping review 电子竞技中的治理和诚信挑战：范围审查

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100352

Aline Lopes da Silva Candeo , Salvador Jr Reyes , Nils Haller , Andrew Richardson , Holger Preuss , Thomas Souvignet , Thomas Könecke , Mathias Schubert

The rapid growth and commercial success of esports highlight the urgent need for clear regulations and governing bodies. To inform such processes, this scoping review maps existing knowledge on governance and integrity challenges in esports, distinguishing them from traditional sports governance frameworks. Existing literature is synthesized and organised to identify research gaps, to propose future research avenues and to thus provide guidance for policymaking and regulation. Specifically, it seeks to answer: What are the key governance and integrity challenges in esports, and how can policy and regulatory frameworks address them to ensure sustainable development?

The analysis revealed a constant increase of publications over the past decade, demonstrating the relevance of the topics. Based on both deductive and inductive coding, 19 dimensions of challenges were identified, including 8 related to governance and 11 to integrity. Key governance challenges include structures, regulations, democratic processes, legitimacy, and intellectual property. Prominent integrity challenges involve health issues, illegal sports betting, gender and sexuality, doping, and safeguarding.

The study reveals that traditional sports governance concepts are insufficient for addressing esports-specific issues, necessitating the development of dedicated frameworks. There is a need for future research to investigate player perspectives, assess the prevalence of challenges, and promote harmonized regulations. This review underscores the importance of a holistic perspective on governance and integrity to improve legitimacy and regulatory authority, ensuring the sustainable growth of the esports industry.

电子竞技的快速发展和商业上的成功凸显了制定明确的法规和管理机构的迫切需要。为了为这些过程提供信息，本范围审查绘制了关于电子竞技治理和诚信挑战的现有知识，将其与传统体育治理框架区分开来。对现有文献进行综合和组织，以确定研究差距，提出未来的研究途径，从而为政策制定和监管提供指导。具体来说，它试图回答：电子竞技中的关键治理和诚信挑战是什么，政策和监管框架如何解决这些问题以确保可持续发展？分析显示，在过去十年中，出版物不断增加，表明了这些主题的相关性。基于演绎和归纳编码，确定了19个挑战维度，其中8个与治理相关，11个与完整性相关。关键的治理挑战包括结构、法规、民主进程、合法性和知识产权。突出的诚信挑战涉及健康问题、非法体育博彩、性别和性行为、兴奋剂和保障。研究表明，传统的体育治理概念不足以解决电子竞技的具体问题，需要开发专门的框架。未来的研究需要调查玩家的观点，评估挑战的普遍性，并促进统一的法规。该审查强调了从整体角度看待治理和诚信的重要性，以提高合法性和监管权威，确保电子竞技产业的可持续发展。

{"title":"Governance and integrity challenges in esports: A scoping review","authors":"Aline Lopes da Silva Candeo , Salvador Jr Reyes , Nils Haller , Andrew Richardson , Holger Preuss , Thomas Souvignet , Thomas Könecke , Mathias Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth and commercial success of esports highlight the urgent need for clear regulations and governing bodies. To inform such processes, this scoping review maps existing knowledge on governance and integrity challenges in esports, distinguishing them from traditional sports governance frameworks. Existing literature is synthesized and organised to identify research gaps, to propose future research avenues and to thus provide guidance for policymaking and regulation. Specifically, it seeks to answer: What are the key governance and integrity challenges in esports, and how can policy and regulatory frameworks address them to ensure sustainable development?</div><div>The analysis revealed a constant increase of publications over the past decade, demonstrating the relevance of the topics. Based on both deductive and inductive coding, 19 dimensions of challenges were identified, including 8 related to governance and 11 to integrity. Key governance challenges include structures, regulations, democratic processes, legitimacy, and intellectual property. Prominent integrity challenges involve health issues, illegal sports betting, gender and sexuality, doping, and safeguarding.</div><div>The study reveals that traditional sports governance concepts are insufficient for addressing esports-specific issues, necessitating the development of dedicated frameworks. There is a need for future research to investigate player perspectives, assess the prevalence of challenges, and promote harmonized regulations. This review underscores the importance of a holistic perspective on governance and integrity to improve legitimacy and regulatory authority, ensuring the sustainable growth of the esports industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists among exercisers and recreational athletes and associated mental health symptoms 在锻炼者和休闲运动员中使用胰高血糖素样肽1 （GLP-1）激动剂及其相关的心理健康症状

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100353

Daniel Martin , Rebecca M. Hawkins , Thomas I. Gee , Luke Turnock , Lambros Lazuras

Objectives

The present study assessed the self-reported use of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists and associated health risk awareness and mental health symptoms among UK-based exercisers and recreational athletes.

Methods

Participants (n = 681) completed an online survey which assessed: (1) participation in exercise and sport; (2) past and intended future off-label use of GLP-1 agonists; and (3) awareness of associated health risks, body image disturbances, and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Results

Over half of participants (57.9 %, n = 372) were familiar with GLP-1 agonists. Of these, 78.2 %, (n = 291) reported that they were unaware of any associated health risks. A quarter (25.5 %, n = 93) of participants had thought about using GLP-1 agonists off-label for physical appearance purposes, and 2.9 % (n = 11) reported having already used GLP-1 agonists. GLP-1 agonists were mainly sourced through online outlets (45.5 %, n = 5) or private sellers (18.2 %, n = 2), and 50.0 % (n = 5) of the users continued taking GLP-1 drugs even after perceiving they experienced adverse symptoms. The majority of users (63.6 %, n = 7) had followed more than one course of GLP-1 agonists, Semaglutide being the most commonly used GLP-1 agonist (54.5 %, n = 6), and 90.9 % (n = 10) of users believed they had bought the genuine product. Compared to non-users, participants who had used or thought about using GLP-1 agonists, reported significantly higher scores in symptoms of anxiety and depression, and in body image disturbances.

Conclusion

A sizeable proportion of exercisers and recreational athletes contemplated GLP-1 agonist use for body image enhancement purposes, despite being unaware of associated health risks and experiencing elevated mental health symptoms in comparison to non-contemplators.

目的本研究评估英国锻锻者和休闲运动员中自我报告的胰高血糖素样肽1 （GLP-1）激动剂的使用情况以及相关的健康风险意识和心理健康症状。方法参与者（n = 681）完成一项在线调查，评估：(1)参与锻炼和体育运动；(2) GLP-1激动剂过去和未来的说明书外使用；(3)对相关健康风险、身体形象障碍以及焦虑和抑郁症状的认识。结果超过一半的参与者（57.9%,n = 372）熟悉GLP-1激动剂。其中，78.2% （n = 291）的人报告说他们不知道任何相关的健康风险。四分之一（25.5%,n = 93）的参与者考虑过使用GLP-1激动剂以达到外观目的，2.9% （n = 11）的参与者报告已经使用了GLP-1激动剂。GLP-1激动剂主要通过网络渠道（45.5%,n = 5）或私人卖家（18.2%,n = 2）获得，50.0% （n = 5）的使用者在感觉出现不良症状后仍继续服用GLP-1药物。大多数使用者（63.6%,n = 7）服用了一个以上的GLP-1激动剂疗程，Semaglutide是最常用的GLP-1激动剂（54.5%,n = 6）， 90.9% （n = 10）的使用者认为他们购买的是正品。与未使用GLP-1激动剂的参与者相比，使用或考虑使用GLP-1激动剂的参与者在焦虑和抑郁症状以及身体形象障碍方面的得分明显更高。结论：相当大比例的锻炼者和休闲运动员考虑使用GLP-1激动剂来增强身体形象，尽管与非锻炼者相比，他们没有意识到相关的健康风险，并且经历了更高的心理健康症状。

{"title":"Use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists among exercisers and recreational athletes and associated mental health symptoms","authors":"Daniel Martin , Rebecca M. Hawkins , Thomas I. Gee , Luke Turnock , Lambros Lazuras","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study assessed the self-reported use of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists and associated health risk awareness and mental health symptoms among UK-based exercisers and recreational athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 681) completed an online survey which assessed: (1) participation in exercise and sport; (2) past and intended future off-label use of GLP-1 agonists; and (3) awareness of associated health risks, body image disturbances, and symptoms of anxiety and depression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over half of participants (57.9 %, <em>n</em> = 372) were familiar with GLP-1 agonists. Of these, 78.2 %, (<em>n</em> = 291) reported that they were unaware of any associated health risks. A quarter (25.5 %, <em>n</em> = 93) of participants had thought about using GLP-1 agonists off-label for physical appearance purposes, and 2.9 % (<em>n</em> = 11) reported having already used GLP-1 agonists. GLP-1 agonists were mainly sourced through online outlets (45.5 %, <em>n</em> = 5) or private sellers (18.2 %, <em>n</em> = 2), and 50.0 % (<em>n</em> = 5) of the users continued taking GLP-1 drugs even after perceiving they experienced adverse symptoms. The majority of users (63.6 %, <em>n</em> = 7) had followed more than one course of GLP-1 agonists, Semaglutide being the most commonly used GLP-1 agonist (54.5 %, <em>n</em> = 6), and 90.9 % (<em>n</em> = 10) of users believed they had bought the genuine product. Compared to non-users, participants who had used or thought about using GLP-1 agonists, reported significantly higher scores in symptoms of anxiety and depression, and in body image disturbances.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A sizeable proportion of exercisers and recreational athletes contemplated GLP-1 agonist use for body image enhancement purposes, despite being unaware of associated health risks and experiencing elevated mental health symptoms in comparison to non-contemplators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multidimensional exercise amotivation beliefs across exercise stages of change 多维运动动机信念跨越运动阶段的变化

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100358

Symeon P. Vlachopoulos , Stuart J.H. Biddle

The aim of the study was to examine differences in exercise amotivation beliefs, specifically levels of capacity, effort, value, and task characteristics, across the exercise stages of change. A sample of 766 men and women aged 19 to 64 years indicated their exercise stage of change and completed the Revised Amotivation Toward Exercise Scale - 2 to indicate their levels of capacity, effort, value, and task characteristics as exercise amotivation beliefs. Analyses of covariance using the stages of change as the independent variable, the four amotivation scores as the dependent variables, and sex, age, BMI, and educational level as covariates revealed that the precontemplators reported stronger capacity, effort, and task characteristics amotivation beliefs compared to members of the contemplation, action, and maintenance groups. Also, contemplators reported stronger capacity, effort, and task characteristics amotivation beliefs compared to the maintenance group. Further, the preparation group reported stronger capacity amotivation beliefs compared to the maintainers. No value exercise amotivation differences emerged between the exercise stages. Sex had a small effect on capacity beliefs with men tending to report lower capacity amotivation beliefs. Age did not have any effect on any type of exercise amotivation. Educational level had a small effect on value amotivation beliefs with higher educational levels corresponding to lower value amotivation. BMI had a medium effect on capacity, and a small effect on effort and task characteristics beliefs with persons of greater BMI reporting higher levels of amotivation. The present findings support continued research on the role of multidimensional exercise amotivation beliefs in better understanding the exercise behavior change process.

这项研究的目的是检查运动动机信念的差异，特别是能力、努力、价值和任务特征的水平，在运动变化的各个阶段。766名年龄在19岁到64岁之间的男性和女性表明了他们的运动变化阶段，并完成了修订的运动动机量表- 2，以表明他们的能力水平，努力程度，价值和任务特征作为运动动机信念。以变化阶段为自变量，以四种动机得分为因变量，以性别、年龄、BMI和受教育程度为协变量进行协方差分析，结果表明，与沉思组、行动组和维持组相比，预沉思组的能力、努力和任务特征动机信念更强。此外，与维持组相比，沉思者报告了更强的能力、努力和任务特征动机信念。此外，与维持者相比，准备组报告了更强的能力动机信念。不同运动阶段的价值运动动机无差异。性对能力信念的影响很小，男性倾向于报告较低的能力动机信念。年龄对任何类型的运动动机都没有影响。受教育程度对价值动机信念的影响较小，受教育程度越高，价值动机信念越低。BMI对能力有中等影响，对努力和任务特征信念有小影响，BMI越大的人报告的动机水平越高。本研究结果支持对多维运动动机信念在更好地理解运动行为改变过程中的作用的持续研究。

{"title":"Multidimensional exercise amotivation beliefs across exercise stages of change","authors":"Symeon P. Vlachopoulos , Stuart J.H. Biddle","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the study was to examine differences in exercise amotivation beliefs, specifically levels of capacity, effort, value, and task characteristics, across the exercise stages of change. A sample of 766 men and women aged 19 to 64 years indicated their exercise stage of change and completed the Revised Amotivation Toward Exercise Scale - 2 to indicate their levels of capacity, effort, value, and task characteristics as exercise amotivation beliefs. Analyses of covariance using the stages of change as the independent variable, the four amotivation scores as the dependent variables, and sex, age, BMI, and educational level as covariates revealed that the precontemplators reported stronger capacity, effort, and task characteristics amotivation beliefs compared to members of the contemplation, action, and maintenance groups. Also, contemplators reported stronger capacity, effort, and task characteristics amotivation beliefs compared to the maintenance group. Further, the preparation group reported stronger capacity amotivation beliefs compared to the maintainers. No value exercise amotivation differences emerged between the exercise stages. Sex had a small effect on capacity beliefs with men tending to report lower capacity amotivation beliefs. Age did not have any effect on any type of exercise amotivation. Educational level had a small effect on value amotivation beliefs with higher educational levels corresponding to lower value amotivation. BMI had a medium effect on capacity, and a small effect on effort and task characteristics beliefs with persons of greater BMI reporting higher levels of amotivation. The present findings support continued research on the role of multidimensional exercise amotivation beliefs in better understanding the exercise behavior change process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 4","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Commentary on Twietmeyer’s ‘the plastic person: A response to fry’” 对Twietmeyer的《塑料人：对fry的回应》的评论

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100348

Jeffrey P. Fry

In his response to a book chapter that I wrote for Robert Simon’s anthology entitled The Ethics of Coaching Sports: Moral, Social, and Legal Issues (2013), Gregg Twietmeyer presents a number a criticisms. Underlying his concerns is his view that the brain should not be mistaken for the person. Hence, the notion of a neuroethics of coaching is misfocused. The brain is a feature of the person, but not the person as such. Coaches should have the whole person in focus. In my response, I raise some questions about Twietmeyer’s own views, and I defend, on ethical grounds, a particular concern of coaches for the brains of athletes.

在我为罗伯特·西蒙的选集《体育教练的伦理：道德、社会和法律问题》（2013）所写的一章中，格雷格·特维特梅尔提出了一些批评。他的担忧背后是他的观点，即大脑不应该被误认为是人。因此，教练神经伦理学的概念是错误的。大脑是人的一个特征，而不是人本身。教练应该关注整个人。在我的回应中，我对Twietmeyer自己的观点提出了一些质疑，并从道德角度为教练对运动员大脑的特别关注辩护。

引用次数: 0

Cheating and Doping in Chess – A Survey among 1,924 German Club Players using the Randomized Response Technique 国际象棋中的作弊和兴奋剂——使用随机反应技术对1924名德国俱乐部球员的调查

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100344

Kim Schu , Nils Haller

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the estimated 12-month prevalence of cheating behaviors (i.e., prohibited chess computer engine use or cognitive doping) among German club chess players.

Methods

An online questionnaire was completed by 1924 German club chess players. Self-reported cheating behavior was examined using game mode specific (i.e., Over the board (OTB) and/or online chess) questions on prohibited actions via randomized response technique (RRT), as well as the specific methods of cheating via direct questioning. Estimated 12-month prevalences are presented descriptively. Potential associations between skill level, age, and game mode with cheating behaviors were analyzed using the chi-square test.

Results

The study revealed estimated 12-month prevalences of 5.1 % (95 % CI: 2.5 – 7.8 %) for cognitive doping in both formats (OTB and/or online chess), 7.1 % (95 % CI: 4.3 – 9.8 %) for cheating in OTB chess, and 6.2 % (95 % CI: 3.1 – 9.3 %) for cheating in online chess. Cheating prevalence is potentially influenced by factors such as skill level, age, and game mode.

Conclusion

The study highlights the presence of cheating in the German club chess community. This highlights the need for targeted anti-cheating measures and policies by chess governing bodies and chess platforms to address this issue and secure the integrity of the sport.

目的：本研究旨在调查德国俱乐部棋手在12个月内作弊行为（即禁止使用国际象棋计算机引擎或认知兴奋剂）的流行程度。方法对1924名德国国际象棋俱乐部棋手进行问卷调查。自我报告作弊行为通过随机反应技术（RRT）使用特定游戏模式（即通过棋盘（OTB）和/或在线象棋）对禁止行为的问题以及通过直接提问的特定作弊方法进行检查。描述性地列出了估计的12个月患病率。使用卡方检验分析技术水平、年龄和游戏模式与作弊行为之间的潜在关联。结果该研究显示，在两种形式（OTB和/或在线象棋）中，认知兴奋剂的12个月患病率为5.1% (95% CI: 2.5 - 7.8%)，在OTB国际象棋中作弊的患病率为7.1% (95% CI: 4.3 - 9.8%)，在在线国际象棋中作弊的患病率为6.2% （95% CI: 3.1 - 9.3%）。作弊的流行程度可能受到技能水平、年龄和游戏模式等因素的影响。结论本研究强调了德国俱乐部国际象棋社区中作弊行为的存在。这凸显了国际象棋管理机构和国际象棋平台需要有针对性的反作弊措施和政策来解决这一问题，并确保这项运动的完整性。

{"title":"Cheating and Doping in Chess – A Survey among 1,924 German Club Players using the Randomized Response Technique","authors":"Kim Schu , Nils Haller","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the estimated 12-month prevalence of cheating behaviors (i.e., prohibited chess computer engine use or cognitive doping) among German club chess players.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online questionnaire was completed by 1924 German club chess players. Self-reported cheating behavior was examined using game mode specific (i.e., Over the board (OTB) and/or online chess) questions on prohibited actions via randomized response technique (RRT), as well as the specific methods of cheating via direct questioning. Estimated 12-month prevalences are presented descriptively. Potential associations between skill level, age, and game mode with cheating behaviors were analyzed using the chi-square test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed estimated 12-month prevalences of 5.1 % (95 % CI: 2.5 – 7.8 %) for cognitive doping in both formats (OTB and/or online chess), 7.1 % (95 % CI: 4.3 – 9.8 %) for cheating in OTB chess, and 6.2 % (95 % CI: 3.1 – 9.3 %) for cheating in online chess. Cheating prevalence is potentially influenced by factors such as skill level, age, and game mode.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the presence of cheating in the German club chess community. This highlights the need for targeted anti-cheating measures and policies by chess governing bodies and chess platforms to address this issue and secure the integrity of the sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between acculturation, muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, and anabolic-androgenic steroid use ideation in Filipino American male university students: A pilot study 菲律宾裔美国男大学生的适应、肌肉畸形症状和合成代谢-雄激素类固醇使用观念之间的关系：一项初步研究

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100346

Pamela Paula Pioquinto, Miguel Antonio Fudolig

Background/Objective

Filipino American (FilAms) males are prone to experiencing body dissatisfaction due to sociocultural factors, but little is known about the attitudes towards muscularity and anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use in this population. This pilot study investigated the relationship between acculturation, muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptomatology, and AAS ideation, and measured the MD symptom severity level of Filipino American university students from a single institution.

Methods

A sample of 210 FilAm male university students from a single institution were recruited to complete an online survey. MD severity and acculturation were measured using validated scales (Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory and A Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino Americans). Participants were also asked about AAS use ideation and history.

Results

The findings showed that drive for size and functional impairment were negatively associated with language use and preference, while appearance intolerance was positively associated with language use and preference. 39.0 % of the sample reported having considered using AAS. Functional impairment and ethnic social relations were strongly associated with AAS use ideation.

Conclusion

The high MDDI and reported AAS ideation could provide insight into developing specifically tailored interventions for FilAm males.

背景/目的由于社会文化因素，菲律宾裔美国人（FilAms）男性容易经历身体不满，但对该人群对肌肉和合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）使用的态度知之甚少。本初步研究探讨了文化适应、肌肉畸形（MD）症状学和AAS概念之间的关系，并测量了来自单一机构的菲裔美国大学生的肌肉畸形症状严重程度。方法从某院校抽取210名FilAm男大学生进行在线调查。使用有效的量表（肌肉畸形障碍量表和菲律宾裔美国人短文化适应量表）测量肌肉畸形严重程度和文化适应。参与者还被问及AAS的使用理念和历史。结果研究发现，体型驱动和功能障碍与语言使用和偏好呈负相关，而外貌不耐受与语言使用和偏好呈正相关。39.0%的样本报告曾考虑使用原子吸收法。功能障碍和民族社会关系与AAS使用意念有密切关系。结论高MDDI和报告的AAS概念可以为制定针对FilAm男性的专门干预措施提供见解。

{"title":"Association between acculturation, muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, and anabolic-androgenic steroid use ideation in Filipino American male university students: A pilot study","authors":"Pamela Paula Pioquinto, Miguel Antonio Fudolig","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><div>Filipino American (FilAms) males are prone to experiencing body dissatisfaction due to sociocultural factors, but little is known about the attitudes towards muscularity and anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use in this population. This pilot study investigated the relationship between acculturation, muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptomatology, and AAS ideation, and measured the MD symptom severity level of Filipino American university students from a single institution.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 210 FilAm male university students from a single institution were recruited to complete an online survey. MD severity and acculturation were measured using validated scales (Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory and A Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino Americans). Participants were also asked about AAS use ideation and history.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings showed that drive for size and functional impairment were negatively associated with language use and preference, while appearance intolerance was positively associated with language use and preference. 39.0 % of the sample reported having considered using AAS. Functional impairment and ethnic social relations were strongly associated with AAS use ideation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high MDDI and reported AAS ideation could provide insight into developing specifically tailored interventions for FilAm males.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 3","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0