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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF PEOPLE WITH REGARDS TO ADULT VACCINATION IN SOUTHERN INDIA, A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY. 印度南部居民对成人疫苗接种的认识、态度和做法,一项横断面研究。
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.36106/paripex/8400772
Nidhishri Sridhar, Akshatha S, Nachiketh Rao, Ojas Balaji, Koushal Sattaru, Shreya Muralidharan
Background: Adult vaccination has long been recommended in India however,there is a general lack of awareness inthe general public due to its non-compulsory nature. However, the Covid-19 pandemic, has thrust vaccines into thespotlight.With this in mind,this study sought to provide more data on public knowledge,attitudes and practices and alsoqualitative insights into current vaccination perceptions. Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted betweenOctober 2022 to December 2022. Results: 717 responses were collected, which revealed a significant gap in publicawareness. Only 258 participants were aware of the existence of a government recommended vaccination schedule.Encouragingly, vaccination rates were relatively high with 363(86.84%) out of 418 men and 263(87.95%) out of 299women being vaccinated at least once in their life.However,it is noteworthy that only 303 participants reported receivinga vaccine other than the SARS-COV2 vaccine. Conclusion: The study highlights the overall low awareness of the adultvaccination schedule in India,emphasizing the need for a collected effort from the government and healthcare workersto address this issue. Enhancing the public knowledge about vaccination practices is essential to ensure widespreadparticipation and ultimately improve public health outcomes.
背景:印度长期以来一直建议成人接种疫苗,但由于疫苗的非强制性,公众普遍缺乏这方面的意识。有鉴于此,本研究试图提供更多有关公众知识、态度和做法的数据,并对当前的疫苗接种观念进行定性分析。研究方法:这是一项横断面研究,在 2022 年 10 月至 2022 年 12 月期间进行。结果共收集到 717 份回复,结果显示公众在疫苗接种意识方面存在很大差距。令人鼓舞的是,疫苗接种率相对较高,在 418 名男性和 299 名女性中,分别有 363 人(86.84%)和 263 人(87.95%)在一生中至少接种过一次疫苗,但值得注意的是,只有 303 名参与者表示接种过 SARS-COV2 疫苗以外的疫苗。结论这项研究凸显了印度成人对疫苗接种计划的整体认知度较低,强调政府和医疗工作者需要共同努力解决这一问题。提高公众对疫苗接种做法的认识对于确保广泛参与并最终改善公共卫生成果至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
ROLE OF ELEVATION OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) AS AN INDEPENDENT MARKER FOR SURGICAL INTERVENTION IN ACUTE APPENDICITIS C 反应蛋白(CRP)升高作为急性阑尾炎手术干预的独立标志物的作用
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.36106/paripex/5900934
Adarsh K, Abdul Siyad A K
Background: The treatment of acute appendicitis has been primarily by surgery .The rate of negative Appendicectomystill remains at 15–30%. This study is designed to investigate effectiveness of CRP as a surgical indication marker as wellas to analyze the levels of elevation in CRP so as to identify cut offs for deciding between surgical and conservativemanagement in Acute Appendicitis. 200 patients who underwent emergency Appendicectomy were Method:subjected to clinical examination and routine investigations including pre operative CRP and imaging studies onadmission. Intra operative findings and post operative histopathology report of the specimen were also used foranalysis. The HPR of each Appendicectomy specimen was used to distinguish between inflamed appendix and negativeAppendicectomy and this was correlated to the pre operative levels of serum CRP of each patient to assess the level ofelevation. Results: Among the 200 patients who underwent Appendicectomy, 85.5% had elevated CRP levels above10mg/dL and the sensitivity and specificity of CRP was found to be more than those of USG and Alvarado score indiagnosing the disease. Also among the 12 patients who underwent negative Appendicectomy, CRP was normal (below10) in more than 83%. Hence CRP is effective as a marker for surgical intervention in acute appendicitis. The best cut offvalue for CRP to serve this function was calculated to be 10mg/dL according to this study. Pre oper Conclusion: ativeserum CRP value can be used as an independent marker for surgical intervention and the cut off value for this function is10mg/dL.
背景:急性阑尾炎的治疗方法主要是手术,但阑尾切除术的阴性率仍为 15-30%。本研究旨在调查 CRP 作为手术指征标志物的有效性,并分析 CRP 的升高水平,从而确定决定急性阑尾炎手术治疗和保守治疗的临界值。方法:对 200 名接受急诊阑尾切除术的患者进行临床检查和常规检查,包括术前 CRP 和入院时的影像学检查。术中结果和术后标本的组织病理学报告也用于分析。每个阑尾切除术标本的 HPR 用于区分阑尾发炎和阴性阑尾切除术,并与每位患者术前的血清 CRP 水平相关联,以评估升高的程度。结果:在接受阑尾切除术的 200 名患者中,85.5% 的患者 CRP 水平升高至 10 毫克/分升以上,CRP 的敏感性和特异性高于 USG 和 Alvarado 评分。此外,在接受阑尾切除术的 12 名阴性患者中,超过 83% 的患者 CRP 正常(低于 10)。因此,CRP 是急性阑尾炎手术干预的有效指标。根据本研究计算,CRP 的最佳临界值为 10 毫克/分升。术前结论:血清 CRP 值可作为手术干预的独立标志物,其临界值为 10 毫克/分升。
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引用次数: 0
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON WORKING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH HAZARDS OF BRICK KILN WORKERS IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT 关于哥印拜陀地区砖窑工人工作条件和健康危害的综合研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.36106/paripex/3603075
Baranipriya A, Sreeanandan Sreeanandan
The Indian brick manufacturing industry is a centuries-oldunorganised sector that employs a large number of migrantwomen workers (Bijetri and Sen 2014).Women have becomean essential part of the manpower resources in theseunorganised sectors, but the female workers here suffer insilence. Employees in the brick business are a group thatcome from low-income backgrounds. The poorest and mostvulnerable people in rural life are brick kiln workers.(Rajanna 2020). Although some mechanisation wasintroduced in developed countries, conditions in India havenot improved and human drudgery still prevails (Bijetri andsen 2014).
印度制砖业是一个拥有数百年历史的无组织行业,雇用了大量移民女工(Bijetri 和 Sen,2014 年)。制砖业的员工都来自低收入背景。农村生活中最贫穷、最脆弱的人就是砖窑工人(Rajanna,2020 年)。虽然发达国家引进了一些机械化设备,但印度的条件仍未得到改善,人类的苦役仍然普遍存在(Bijetri andsen,2014 年)。
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引用次数: 0
A STUDY ON THE VERSATILITY AND OUTCOME OF LATERAL SUPRAMALLEOLAR FLAP IN LOWER ONE THIRD OF LEG, ANKLE, AND FOOT DEFECTS: A CASE SERIES 关于外侧肩胛上皮瓣在腿部、踝部和足部下三分之一缺损中的多功能性和效果的研究:病例系列
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.36106/paripex/5605845
Kuldeep Singh
Background- Reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the lower one third of leg is technically challenging due to its lack ofsubcutaneous tissue, poor vascularity, presence of bony prominences and is often susceptible to exposure of superficialtendons, nerves, and vessels. It takes a longer time to develop granulation tissue. Use of skin graft over lower 1/3rd of leg,ankle and foot does not accomplish complete wound coverage. A prospective observational study was Methodconducted in Department of Plastic surgery, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata for a period of 1.5 years on thepatients coming to Plastic surgery OPD with wounds over lower 1/3rd of leg, ankle and foot and requiring coverage bylateral supramalleolar flap were included in this study. Location and length of defects, planning of flap according todefect size, location, operating time, aesthetic acceptance by the patient were some of the parameters studied. Results–Total 9 patients were included in the study fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Apart from partial skin graft loss in 1 patient and2 mm flap loss in 1 patient, there was no single incident of complete flap or skin graft loss, congestion leading to necrosisor hematoma in any patient. The distally based peninsular flap proved to be beneficial as the flap Conclusionharvesting was less time consuming and covered various defects of different sizes and etiology of the lower 1/3rd of leg& ankle. The complications were minimal with most patients and limited duration of hospital stay.
背景- 小腿下1/3处软组织缺损的重建在技术上具有挑战性,因为该处缺乏皮下组织、血管不发达、存在骨突,而且浅表肌腱、神经和血管经常容易暴露。肉芽组织的形成需要较长的时间。在腿部、踝部和足部的下 1/3 处使用植皮不能完全覆盖伤口。加尔各答医学院和医院整形外科开展了一项为期 1.5 年的前瞻性观察研究,研究对象包括前来整形外科门诊就诊的患者,他们的伤口位于腿部、踝关节和足部的下 1/3 处,需要用外侧肩胛上皮瓣覆盖。研究参数包括缺损的位置和长度、根据缺损大小和位置规划皮瓣、手术时间、患者的审美接受程度等。结果 - 共有 9 名患者符合纳入标准。除了 1 名患者植皮部分脱落和 1 名患者皮瓣脱落 2 毫米外,没有任何患者因皮瓣或植皮完全脱落、充血而导致坏死性口腔血肿。事实证明,以远端为基础的半岛状皮瓣是有益的,因为皮瓣的缔结和采集耗时较少,而且可以覆盖腿部和踝关节下1/3处不同大小和病因的各种缺损。大多数患者的并发症极少,住院时间有限。
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引用次数: 0
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MACULAR THICKNESS CHANGES AFTER UNCOMPLICATED PHACOEMULFICATION AND SMALL INCISION CATARACT SURGERY 无并发症超声乳化和小切口白内障手术后黄斑厚度变化的对比研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.36106/paripex/3705903
Amrita Verma, Nidhi Pandey, Vandana Singh
Aim- To evaluate and compare the changes in macular thickness after uneventful phacoemulsification and smallincision cataract surgery (SICS) using spectral domain Optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods–Quasi-experimental study of 127 consecutive patients divided in two groups (A- SICS, B – Phacoemulsification)by convenient sampling. Macular thickness was measured as central foveal thickness (CFT) and mean retinalthickness in ring diameter of 3 and 6 mm in all 4 quadrants by SD-OCT. It was measured pre-operatively,postoperative day 1, week 1 and week 4. Statistical analysis was done using student t-test. Group A had Result–63 and Group B had 64 patients. Predominantly male patients (group A - 49.61%, group B - 50.39%) belonged tothe age group of 56-70 years (53.5%) in both the groups. Mean CFT preoperatively was 224.88±16.91µ for groupA and 219.61±21.74µ for group B. There was a decrease of CFT on day 1 postoperative in both groups. At 1 and4 weeks, the thickness increased. It restored back to normal in both groups at 4 weeks (227.38 ± 19.49µ forgroup A and 224.03 ± 30.39µ for group B). Similar trend was observed in all quadrants. The changes weresubclinical. Post cataract surgery there are changes in macular thickness which are mos Conclusion- tly clinicallyinsignificant but are better detected with OCT. These changes are comparable in both SICS and phacoemulsificationin the absence of any complications. They do not affect the visual outcome.
目的- 使用光谱域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)评估和比较顺利进行超声乳化和小切口白内障手术(SICS)后黄斑厚度的变化。方法--通过方便抽样将 127 名连续患者分为两组(A 组--小切口白内障手术,B 组--超声乳化手术)的准实验研究。通过 SD-OCT 测量黄斑厚度,即中心眼窝厚度(CFT)和所有 4 个象限 3 毫米和 6 毫米环直径的平均视网膜厚度。测量时间为术前、术后第 1 天、第 1 周和第 4 周。统计分析采用学生 t 检验。结果 A 组有 63 名患者,B 组有 64 名患者。两组患者均以男性为主(A 组 - 49.61%,B 组 - 50.39%),年龄在 56-70 岁之间(53.5%)。术前,A 组的平均 CFT 为 224.88±16.91µ,B 组为 219.61±21.74µ。术后 1 周和 4 周,厚度增加。4 周后,两组的厚度均恢复正常(A 组为 227.38 ± 19.49µ,B 组为 224.03 ± 30.39µ)。所有象限均观察到类似的趋势。这些变化属于亚临床变化。白内障手术后黄斑厚度会发生变化,这些变化在临床上并不明显,但通过 OCT 可以更好地检测到。在没有任何并发症的情况下,SICS 和超声乳化术的黄斑厚度变化相当。它们不会影响视觉效果。
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MACULAR THICKNESS CHANGES AFTER UNCOMPLICATED PHACOEMULFICATION AND SMALL INCISION CATARACT SURGERY","authors":"Amrita Verma, Nidhi Pandey, Vandana Singh","doi":"10.36106/paripex/3705903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/3705903","url":null,"abstract":"Aim- To evaluate and compare the changes in macular thickness after uneventful phacoemulsification and small\u0000incision cataract surgery (SICS) using spectral domain Optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods–\u0000Quasi-experimental study of 127 consecutive patients divided in two groups (A- SICS, B – Phacoemulsification)\u0000by convenient sampling. Macular thickness was measured as central foveal thickness (CFT) and mean retinal\u0000thickness in ring diameter of 3 and 6 mm in all 4 quadrants by SD-OCT. It was measured pre-operatively,\u0000postoperative day 1, week 1 and week 4. Statistical analysis was done using student t-test. Group A had Result–\u000063 and Group B had 64 patients. Predominantly male patients (group A - 49.61%, group B - 50.39%) belonged to\u0000the age group of 56-70 years (53.5%) in both the groups. Mean CFT preoperatively was 224.88±16.91µ for group\u0000A and 219.61±21.74µ for group B. There was a decrease of CFT on day 1 postoperative in both groups. At 1 and\u00004 weeks, the thickness increased. It restored back to normal in both groups at 4 weeks (227.38 ± 19.49µ for\u0000group A and 224.03 ± 30.39µ for group B). Similar trend was observed in all quadrants. The changes were\u0000subclinical. Post cataract surgery there are changes in macular thickness which are mos Conclusion- tly clinically\u0000insignificant but are better detected with OCT. These changes are comparable in both SICS and phacoemulsification\u0000in the absence of any complications. They do not affect the visual outcome.","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF MONOCYTE TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AS A PREDICTOR OF ACUTE TRAUMATIC INTRAPARENCHYMAL HEMORRHAGE EXPANSION AFTER CEREBRAL CONTUSION 一项前瞻性研究,评估单核细胞与淋巴细胞之比作为脑挫伤后急性创伤性髓内出血扩大的预测指标的作用
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.36106/paripex/0700894
Kumawat Suresh, Meena Singh Ugan, Choudhary Madhur, Purohit Kumar Devendra
Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of monocyte to lymphocyte ratio as a predictor ofacute traumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage expansion after cerebral contusion. Materials and methods: A total of300 patients diagnosed with primary cerebral contusion were included in the study. Demographic parameters, modeand severity of the injury,signs and symptoms pupillary reactions and Glasgow Coma Scale scores were recorded.MLRwas obtained from routine blood tests and baseline and follow-up (within 24 hrs) hematoma volumes was calculatedfrom the CT images using semi-automated computer-assisted volumetric analysis. Fisher's exact test, Pearson's chisquare test, independent t test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: Both baseline andfollow-up tICH volumes significantly higher in patients with acute tICH expansion (p=0.016 and p=0.004 respectively).The MLR was significantly higher in the patients with acute tICH expansion (p=0.001). Conclusion: MLR at hospitaladmission can be used as a significant factor to predict acute traumatic tICH expansion after cerebral contusion.
研究背景本研究旨在评估单核细胞与淋巴细胞之比作为脑挫伤后急性创伤性髓内出血扩大的预测因子的作用。材料和方法研究共纳入 300 名确诊为原发性脑挫裂伤的患者。通过血常规检查获得 MLR,使用半自动计算机辅助容积分析法根据 CT 图像计算基线和随访(24 小时内)血肿体积。统计分析采用费舍尔精确检验、皮尔逊方差检验、独立 t 检验和逻辑回归。结果急性 tICH 扩大期患者的基线和随访 tICH 容量均明显增大(分别为 p=0.016 和 p=0.004),急性 tICH 扩大期患者的 MLR 明显增大(p=0.001)。结论入院时的 MLR 可作为预测脑挫裂伤后急性创伤性 tICH 扩大的重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
A PRE-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF A STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM ON HAND HYGIENE KNOWLEDGE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BARWALA, PANCHKULA (HARYANA) 评估结构化教学计划对哈里亚纳邦潘奇库拉市巴尔瓦拉学童手卫生知识影响的实验前研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.36106/paripex/2004585
Deepika Sethi, Kanika Kanika, Ritu Kundu, Dilpreet Kaur, Saroj Bala
Background and Aim: According to a UNICEF report, involving children as active participants in promoting handwashing with soap in school fosters a sense of ownership and potential long-term adoption of hygienic practices intoadulthood. School children have been consistently implicated in the transmission of communicable diseases, makingschools crucial settings for health promotion. The study's main objective is to assess the knowledge of hand hygieneamong school children. The study used a pre-experimental approach to evaluate the effectiveness of a Methods:structured teaching program on hand hygiene knowledge. The research included 60 children aged 6 to 12 years fromselected primary schools in Barwala, Distt. Panchkula. Implementation of the health educational pac Results: kage ledto a significant improvement in hand hygiene knowledge among school children. Over 90 percent of the participantsscored within the 'good' category, indicating a positive impact of the intervention. The Discussion and Conclusion:findings support the effectiveness of the structured teaching program in enhancing hand hygiene awareness amongschool children. Involving children actively in health promotion efforts empowers them and instills responsible habitsthat may persist into adulthood. Schools play a vital role in promoting hygiene practices to reduce the spread ofcommunicable diseases among children. The study highlights the importance of engaging children in promoting handhygiene to create a sense of ownership and encourage lifelong health habits.
背景和目的:根据联合国儿童基金会的一份报告,让儿童积极参与在学校推广用肥皂洗手的活动,可以培养他们的主人翁意识,并有可能在成年后长期采用卫生习惯。学龄儿童一直是传染病的传播者,因此学校是促进健康的重要场所。本研究的主要目的是评估学童对手部卫生的了解程度。该研究采用预实验的方法来评估 "方法:结构化教学计划 "对手部卫生知识的有效性。研究对象包括来自潘奇库拉县巴瓦拉(Barwala)部分小学的 60 名 6 至 12 岁儿童。Panchkula。结果:通过实施健康教育计划,学龄儿童的手部卫生知识有了显著提高。超过 90% 的参与者得分在 "良好 "类别内,这表明干预措施产生了积极影响。讨论与结论:研究结果表明,结构化教学计划能有效提高学龄儿童的手部卫生意识。让儿童积极参与健康促进工作,可以增强他们的能力,并培养他们养成负责任的习惯,这种习惯可能会持续到成年。学校在推广卫生习惯以减少传染病在儿童中的传播方面发挥着至关重要的作用。这项研究强调了让儿童参与推广手部卫生的重要性,以培养他们的主人翁意识,鼓励他们养成终生的卫生习惯。
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引用次数: 0
PSYCHOSIS IN TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS: A CASE SERIES 结核性脑膜炎中的精神病:一个病例系列
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.36106/paripex/9305139
Mukul Kumar, H. Nigam, Rajarshi Chakraborty, Kinzang Wangda, Imran Khan
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most serious form of tuberculosis with high morbidity and mortality. Psychosis is animportant psychiatric manifestation in TBM. In this case series. We tried to discuss the different clinical scenarios ofpatients suffering from TBM presenting with psychosis and creating insight into the topic.
结核性脑膜炎(TBM)是结核病中最严重的一种,发病率和死亡率都很高。精神病是结核性脑膜炎的重要精神表现。在本病例系列中。我们试图讨论结核性脑膜炎患者出现精神病的不同临床情况,并对这一主题进行深入探讨。
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引用次数: 0
IMPROVED ERGONOMICS WITH SECTORISATION OF PORTS IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的孔口扇形化改善了人体工学效果
Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.36106/paripex/4604604
Balasu Bramanian A, Balaji P
The physical strains and injuries occurring to Laparoscopic surgeons in this era of minimal invasive surgery are quite asignificant amount and is often neglected. Ergonomical principles of Laparoscopy are over and again re-examined tobenefit the surgeons at work. In this trial we have compared the physical injuries occurring to the laparoscopic surgeonsoperating for a Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy using the conventional triangulation of ports technique withsectorisation of ports. The outcome of the study shows low incidence of physical strain when using sectorisation of portstechnique in Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and that it could be a safe, feasible and surgeon friendly alternative for theconventional triangulation of ports.
在这个微创手术的时代,腹腔镜外科医生的身体劳损和损伤相当严重,但却经常被忽视。为了使外科医生在工作中获益,腹腔镜手术的人体工学原则被反复重新审查。在这项试验中,我们比较了腹腔镜外科医生在使用传统的三角端口技术和扇形端口技术进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术时受到的身体伤害。研究结果表明,在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中使用端口扇形化技术时,身体劳损的发生率较低,它可以成为传统端口三角化技术的一种安全、可行且对外科医生友好的替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
ORGANIZATIONAL STUDY ON HINDUSTAN LIFECARE LIMITED, POOJAPURA, THIRUVANANATHAPURAM. 对位于 Thiruvananathapuram 市 Poojapura 的 HINDUSTAN LIFEECARE 有限公司的组织研究。
Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.36106/paripex/3602903
R. Renu, S.V. Athira
The topic entitled “Organizational Study on Hindustan Lifecare Limited, Poojapura, Thiruvananathapuram. Theorganizational study deals with the analysis of how people prepare organizational structures, practices, and processesand how all these create social relations and institutions which have an impact on people.The health care industry, ormedical industry,is a sector within the economic system that provides goods and services to treat patients with curative,preventive, rehabilitative, and palliative care. The modem health care sector is divided into many sub-sectors, anddepends on interdisciplinary teams of trained professionals and paraprofessionals to meet health needs of individualsand populations. The organizational study was completed at Hindustan Lifecare Limited, Poojapura,Thiruvananathapuram.HLL Lifecare Limited was set up in 1969 with the objective of providing good quality condoms forthe National Family Planning Programme of India. After Independence India was still lottering with an enormouspopulation.Organization study helped significantly to get a feel of the real-world industry and organization climate.Thestudy about various departments and their functioning contributed to bridge the gap between the theories and practicalknowledge.
题目为 "印度斯坦生命护理有限公司组织研究",地址:Poojapura, Thiruvananathapuram。组织研究涉及分析人们如何准备组织结构、实践和流程,以及所有这些如何创建对人们产生影响的社会关系和机构。医疗保健行业或医疗行业是经济体系中的一个部门,提供治疗、预防、康复和姑息治疗病人的产品和服务。现代医疗保健行业分为许多子行业,依靠由训练有素的专业人员和准专业人员组成的跨学科团队来满足个人和群体的健康需求。HLL Lifecare Limited 成立于 1969 年,旨在为印度国家计划生育计划提供优质安全套。印度独立后,人口数量仍在不断增长。组织研究对了解现实世界中的行业和组织氛围大有帮助。对各部门及其运作的研究有助于缩小理论与实践知识之间的差距。
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引用次数: 0
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Paripex Indian Journal Of Research
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