Epidermoid cysts may be congenital (most common, arising from ectodermal inclusion during neural tube closure 8) or acquired (post-surgical or post-traumatic implantation). Pathologically, intracranial epidermoid cysts are identical to the petrous apex and middle ear congenital cholesteatomas. They differ from dermoid cysts which have both epidermal and skin appendages such as hair and sebaceous cysts and mature teratomas which have all three layers. They have a thin capsule which is made of a thin layer of squamous epithelium, which macroscopically is white and pearly, and may be smooth, lobulated, or nodular. Internal cystic components are often filled with desquamated epithelial keratin and cholesterol crystals; grossly appearing as a creamy, waxy material. Cholesterol and keratin components account for their distinct imaging characteristics 2.
{"title":"A RARE CASE REPORT OF PINEAL EPIDERMOID CYST PRESENTING WITH SYMPTOMS OF HYDROCEPHALUS","authors":"Lavanya. R, Mreega Sheth, Rutvik Patel, Rutvik Vejani","doi":"10.36106/paripex/0605312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/0605312","url":null,"abstract":"Epidermoid cysts may be congenital (most common, arising from ectodermal inclusion during neural tube closure 8) or acquired (post-surgical or post-traumatic implantation). Pathologically, intracranial epidermoid cysts are identical to the petrous apex and middle ear congenital cholesteatomas. They differ from dermoid cysts which have both epidermal and skin appendages such as hair and sebaceous cysts and mature teratomas which have all three layers. They have a thin capsule which is made of a thin layer of squamous epithelium, which macroscopically is white and pearly, and may be smooth, lobulated, or nodular. Internal cystic components are often filled with desquamated epithelial keratin and cholesterol crystals; grossly appearing as a creamy, waxy material. Cholesterol and keratin components account for their distinct imaging characteristics 2.","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"43 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.36106/paripex/7106543
Arjunsingh Thakur
The FMCG sector has a significant impact on many places,particularly when it operates during the COVID-19 epidemic and continues to advance.Even with all of its advantages,the FMCG sector still faces innovative challenges,and up to this point,each region has demonstrated some variations.India is home to the majority of Hindu population,and its veganism demonstrates certain variations in how the country approached FMCG industry's wisdom.The eco-friendly trend that the sector has created through the cultural promotion of vegetarianism makes it distinct in its own right.We'll get closer to looking at the distinctive data by using the Krippendorf method.According to research,the FMCG industry in India has also been influenced by shifting consumer tastes.As consumers' awareness of their health increases,they want natural, organic,and chemical-free items.
{"title":"CULTURAL INFLUENCES AND CONSUMER PREFERENCES IN THE INDIAN FMCG SECTOR","authors":"Arjunsingh Thakur","doi":"10.36106/paripex/7106543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/7106543","url":null,"abstract":"The FMCG sector has a significant impact on many places,particularly when it operates during the COVID-19 epidemic and continues to advance.Even with all of its advantages,the FMCG sector still faces innovative challenges,and up to this point,each region has demonstrated some variations.India is home to the majority of Hindu population,and its veganism demonstrates certain variations in how the country approached FMCG industry's wisdom.The eco-friendly trend that the sector has created through the cultural promotion of vegetarianism makes it distinct in its own right.We'll get closer to looking at the distinctive data by using the Krippendorf method.According to research,the FMCG industry in India has also been influenced by shifting consumer tastes.As consumers' awareness of their health increases,they want natural, organic,and chemical-free items.","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.36106/paripex/3200556
P.C. Sandhya, Sharath Nallaperumal, V. Padma, Ishaivaanan M, P. L. C. Varma, Heshish Reddy, Rahulnathan Rahulnathan, Sujana Reddy
A 31-year-elderly person is given an instance of right-sided facial paralysis, most likely due to Bell's Palsy. Bell's palsy often arises as a consequence of a viral infection, with the herpes simplex virus being the most commonly implicated culprit. Bell's palsy symptoms include drooping of the afflicted side's eyebrow, difficulty to shut the affected eye, loss of the nasolabial overlap, and deviation of the impacted side's point of mouth.Electrodiagnostic studies may be done to assess the severity of the disease. The condition is treated by short-term oral glucocorticoid therapy.
{"title":"A CASE REPORT OF BELLS PALSY PRESENTING POST-VIRAL ILLNESS","authors":"P.C. Sandhya, Sharath Nallaperumal, V. Padma, Ishaivaanan M, P. L. C. Varma, Heshish Reddy, Rahulnathan Rahulnathan, Sujana Reddy","doi":"10.36106/paripex/3200556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/3200556","url":null,"abstract":"A 31-year-elderly person is given an instance of right-sided facial paralysis, most likely due to Bell's Palsy. Bell's palsy often arises as a consequence of a viral infection, with the herpes simplex virus being the most commonly implicated culprit. Bell's palsy symptoms include drooping of the afflicted side's eyebrow, difficulty to shut the affected eye, loss of the nasolabial overlap, and deviation of the impacted side's point of mouth.Electrodiagnostic studies may be done to assess the severity of the disease. The condition is treated by short-term oral glucocorticoid therapy.","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.36106/paripex/4700492
Shalini Gupta, Ankit Gupta
Spindle cells are of mesenchymal origin and constitute part of the body's connective tissue [1]. The spindle cells are fusiform in shape with cytoplasmic extensions away from the nucleus. They vary in size with moderate amount of blue cytoplasm. The nucleus of the cell is round to oval in shape and has a smooth to fine lacy chromatin pattern. The nucleoli usually are not visible in non-neoplastic spindle cell but when the spindle cells are malignant, their nucleoli become more prominent, coarse chromatin, basophilic cytoplasm with increase nuclear cytoplasmic ratio [2]. Some of the cells which exhibit spindle morphology are fibroblast, myofibroblast, smooth muscle cells, myoepithelial cells, perineural cells, pericytes, schwann cells and myoepithelial cells [3]
{"title":"CYTOMORPHOLOGY PATTERNS AND IMMUNOCHEMISTRY CHARACTERISTICS OF SPINDLE CELL LESION","authors":"Shalini Gupta, Ankit Gupta","doi":"10.36106/paripex/4700492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/4700492","url":null,"abstract":"Spindle cells are of mesenchymal origin and constitute part of the body's connective tissue [1]. The spindle cells are fusiform in shape with cytoplasmic extensions away from the nucleus. They vary in size with moderate amount of blue cytoplasm. The nucleus of the cell is round to oval in shape and has a smooth to fine lacy chromatin pattern. The nucleoli usually are not visible in non-neoplastic spindle cell but when the spindle cells are malignant, their nucleoli become more prominent, coarse chromatin, basophilic cytoplasm with increase nuclear cytoplasmic ratio [2]. Some of the cells which exhibit spindle morphology are fibroblast, myofibroblast, smooth muscle cells, myoepithelial cells, perineural cells, pericytes, schwann cells and myoepithelial cells [3]","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.36106/paripex/9703838
Shipra S. Singam
In this essay,we argue that policies that are considered social or which are supposed to give social support in terms of health,education and other needs to women need to be seen in the context of what poor women need as the basis for the social policies to have useful outcomes. Thus, the argument here is that amongst the least privileged, most economically deprived far flung backward area, recognition of women as productive,vital agents of family and environment should be a precondition for addressing their social needs.
{"title":"WOMEN'S MULTIPLE ROLES:THE NEED FOR SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE","authors":"Shipra S. Singam","doi":"10.36106/paripex/9703838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/9703838","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay,we argue that policies that are considered social or which are supposed to give social support in terms of health,education and other needs to women need to be seen in the context of what poor women need as the basis for the social policies to have useful outcomes. Thus, the argument here is that amongst the least privileged, most economically deprived far flung backward area, recognition of women as productive,vital agents of family and environment should be a precondition for addressing their social needs.","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.36106/paripex/9200123
Kavita Reddy, Sijo Koshy
A comparative study to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of swine flu among the urban and rural high school children at selected schools,Bangalore,with a view to develop a self-instructional module.Objectives:To assess the existing knowledge regarding prevention of swine flu among urban and rural high school children.To compare the level of knowledge on prevention of swine flu among rural and urban high school children and To find out to the association between level of knowledge regarding prevention of swine flu with their selected demographic variables. Material And Method: The descriptive comparative design was selected to assess the knowledge on prevention of swine flu among 100 high school students (50 urban and 50 rural). The tool used for data collection was structured questionnaire. Collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and chi-square. Results: The majority of the students 87(87%) had inadequate knowledge and very few students 13(13%) had moderate knowledge, none had adequate knowledge regarding prevention of swine flu.The calculated "t" value is found to be significantly difference in the knowledge score of urban and rural high school children.The demographic variables educational status, area of residence,education of father and previous knowledge are significantly associated with knowledge scores of urban high schools' children. Conclusion: The knowledge of the swine flu should be imparted through information guidelines, as their level of understanding is quite good, so the investigator felt that school children should have awareness regarding cause, symptoms and preventive strategies through health education.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE PREVENTION OF SWINE FLU AMONG THE URBAN AND RURAL HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN AT SELECTED SCHOOLS, BANGALORE, WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP A SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE","authors":"Kavita Reddy, Sijo Koshy","doi":"10.36106/paripex/9200123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/9200123","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of swine flu among the urban and rural high school children at selected schools,Bangalore,with a view to develop a self-instructional module.Objectives:To assess the existing knowledge regarding prevention of swine flu among urban and rural high school children.To compare the level of knowledge on prevention of swine flu among rural and urban high school children and To find out to the association between level of knowledge regarding prevention of swine flu with their selected demographic variables. Material And Method: The descriptive comparative design was selected to assess the knowledge on prevention of swine flu among 100 high school students (50 urban and 50 rural). The tool used for data collection was structured questionnaire. Collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and chi-square. Results: The majority of the students 87(87%) had inadequate knowledge and very few students 13(13%) had moderate knowledge, none had adequate knowledge regarding prevention of swine flu.The calculated \"t\" value is found to be significantly difference in the knowledge score of urban and rural high school children.The demographic variables educational status, area of residence,education of father and previous knowledge are significantly associated with knowledge scores of urban high schools' children. Conclusion: The knowledge of the swine flu should be imparted through information guidelines, as their level of understanding is quite good, so the investigator felt that school children should have awareness regarding cause, symptoms and preventive strategies through health education.","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.36106/paripex/4500669
Priya Singh, Parul Kamal
Background: Onychomycosis,also known as tinea unguium,is a fungal infection of nail unit. Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of itraconazole versus terbinafine in the treatment of onychomycosis. Study Design: An open, randomized,prospective clinical comparative study was done on 70 patients of onychomycosis attending skin OPD of SNMC Agra UP during the period from august 2019 to march 2021. 35 patients were randomly assigned to receive oral itraconazole 200mg once a day for 12weeks in group A and other 35 patients received oral terbinafine 250mg once a day for 12weeks in group B.The patients were evaluated at the start of the therapy and thereafter at 4,8,12,24 weeks. Results: In group A (Itraconazole), 62.85% of patients showed mycological cure and 51.43% of patients showed clinical cure.In group B (Terbinafine), 74.28% of patients showed mycological cure and 62.86% of patients showed clinical cure. The difference in cure rates between two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Adverse effects were seen in 17.14% of patients in group A and 20% of patients in group B.None of these effects was significant enough to discontinue therapy. The difference in adverse effects between two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both itraconazole and terbinafine were equally effective and safe in the treatment of onychomycosis. Both drugs were well tolerated and were relatively free of major adverse effects.
{"title":"AN OPEN, RANDOMIZED CLINICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY DETERMINING THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ITRACONAZOLE VERSUS TERBINAFINE IN THE TREATMENT OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS.","authors":"Priya Singh, Parul Kamal","doi":"10.36106/paripex/4500669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/4500669","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Onychomycosis,also known as tinea unguium,is a fungal infection of nail unit. Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of itraconazole versus terbinafine in the treatment of onychomycosis. Study Design: An open, randomized,prospective clinical comparative study was done on 70 patients of onychomycosis attending skin OPD of SNMC Agra UP during the period from august 2019 to march 2021. 35 patients were randomly assigned to receive oral itraconazole 200mg once a day for 12weeks in group A and other 35 patients received oral terbinafine 250mg once a day for 12weeks in group B.The patients were evaluated at the start of the therapy and thereafter at 4,8,12,24 weeks. Results: In group A (Itraconazole), 62.85% of patients showed mycological cure and 51.43% of patients showed clinical cure.In group B (Terbinafine), 74.28% of patients showed mycological cure and 62.86% of patients showed clinical cure. The difference in cure rates between two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Adverse effects were seen in 17.14% of patients in group A and 20% of patients in group B.None of these effects was significant enough to discontinue therapy. The difference in adverse effects between two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both itraconazole and terbinafine were equally effective and safe in the treatment of onychomycosis. Both drugs were well tolerated and were relatively free of major adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.36106/paripex/0206149
Shihping Kevin Huang, Sin-Yao Chen
Crowdfunding is a feasible alternative to finance renewable energy projects.However,crowdfunding project supporters face significant challenges. We set out to examine the impact of online information on renewable energy crowd funder's investment decision. We collect data from publicly available information on Kickstarter using Python programming language to extract online information from 164 samples.We find that interaction correlates with fundraising success. Furthermore,word impact is a relatively weak signal in the crowd funder's investment decision.Our findings suggest that interaction could be used as a tool to mitigate the information asymmetry problem from crowd funders.The results of this research offer project creators a guideline when designing their crowdfunding fundraising activities.
{"title":"FACTORS AFFECTING CROWDFUNDING SUCCESS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY","authors":"Shihping Kevin Huang, Sin-Yao Chen","doi":"10.36106/paripex/0206149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/0206149","url":null,"abstract":"Crowdfunding is a feasible alternative to finance renewable energy projects.However,crowdfunding project supporters face significant challenges. We set out to examine the impact of online information on renewable energy crowd funder's investment decision. We collect data from publicly available information on Kickstarter using Python programming language to extract online information from 164 samples.We find that interaction correlates with fundraising success. Furthermore,word impact is a relatively weak signal in the crowd funder's investment decision.Our findings suggest that interaction could be used as a tool to mitigate the information asymmetry problem from crowd funders.The results of this research offer project creators a guideline when designing their crowdfunding fundraising activities.","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.36106/paripex/1003957
Dhruba Charan Bihari
In the contemporary world of cutthroat business competition, establishing a distinct and captivating brand identity stands as a paramount prerequisite for achieving success. Moving beyond conventional methods, businesses are increasingly embracing artistic influences as a potent means to set themselves apart in the market. This abstract investigates the assimilation of artistic elements within corporate entities and underscores their pivotal role in brand establishment. Artistic influences in the realm of branding encompass a broad spectrum of components, ranging from visual aesthetics and narrative crafting to evoking emotional resonance. This paper thoroughly explores how enterprises harness these influences through the creation of imaginative logo designs, alluring packaging, and immersive retail environments. Instances of renowned brands that have adeptly employed artistic elements to craft memorable brand experiences were scrutinized. Furthermore, this paper accentuates the significance of art and design in effectively conveying brand values, cultural ethos, and an authentic identity. It delves into the methodologies adopted by businesses to employ artistic expressions in communicating a profound sense of purpose and forging deeper connections with their target demographic. The profound impact of artistic branding on shaping consumer perceptions and nurturing brand loyalty, emphasizing the emotional bonds it cultivates is thoroughly examined. This abstract briefly touches upon the challenges and considerations faced by businesses when integrating artistic influences into their branding strategies. It underscores the paramount importance of maintaining a harmonious and coherent brand image that seamlessly aligns with artistic components. In summation, this paper sheds light on the burgeoning significance of artistic influences within business organizations as an avenue for establishing a brand that resonates with consumers. It underscores the transformative potential of art and design in shaping brand identities and fostering enduring connections with customers within the fiercely competitive landscape of today's marketplace.
{"title":"ARTISTIC INFLUENCES IN BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS TO ESTABLISH A BRAND","authors":"Dhruba Charan Bihari","doi":"10.36106/paripex/1003957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/1003957","url":null,"abstract":"In the contemporary world of cutthroat business competition, establishing a distinct and captivating brand identity stands as a paramount prerequisite for achieving success. Moving beyond conventional methods, businesses are increasingly embracing artistic influences as a potent means to set themselves apart in the market. This abstract investigates the assimilation of artistic elements within corporate entities and underscores their pivotal role in brand establishment. Artistic influences in the realm of branding encompass a broad spectrum of components, ranging from visual aesthetics and narrative crafting to evoking emotional resonance. This paper thoroughly explores how enterprises harness these influences through the creation of imaginative logo designs, alluring packaging, and immersive retail environments. Instances of renowned brands that have adeptly employed artistic elements to craft memorable brand experiences were scrutinized. Furthermore, this paper accentuates the significance of art and design in effectively conveying brand values, cultural ethos, and an authentic identity. It delves into the methodologies adopted by businesses to employ artistic expressions in communicating a profound sense of purpose and forging deeper connections with their target demographic. The profound impact of artistic branding on shaping consumer perceptions and nurturing brand loyalty, emphasizing the emotional bonds it cultivates is thoroughly examined. This abstract briefly touches upon the challenges and considerations faced by businesses when integrating artistic influences into their branding strategies. It underscores the paramount importance of maintaining a harmonious and coherent brand image that seamlessly aligns with artistic components. In summation, this paper sheds light on the burgeoning significance of artistic influences within business organizations as an avenue for establishing a brand that resonates with consumers. It underscores the transformative potential of art and design in shaping brand identities and fostering enduring connections with customers within the fiercely competitive landscape of today's marketplace.","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.36106/paripex/8605753
Arjak Pal, Prasenjit Banerjee
Introduction- Quick capture times and usability has rendered 3D surface imaging technology to be used more frequently in craniofacial clinics and research facilities, making 3D digital stereophotogrammetry the preferred facial surface imaging technique. By doing away with the need for observer-dependent techniques to overlap anatomic landmarks, stereo-photogrammetry creates 3D images that can be enhanced, rotated, and rendered for better analysis with specialized software. The objective of the study is to compare, verify, and corroborate the fi Objective/Aim - ndings of both unilateral and bilateral measurements made by direct anthropometry and 2D photographs in 3 different facial types (Average, Short and Long) with that of 3D stereophotogrammetric measurements in order to present a costeffective alternative of 3D stereophotogrammetry. A cross-sectional observational study Materials And Methods - design was adopted to assess eight midline and seven bilateral distances on the faces of 36 participants of 3 different facial types. The same measurements were taken on two-dimensional (2D) images and three-dimensional (3D) models created from 2D images. For all measurements, interobserver consistency was obtained with 3 observers measuring the same dimension and the mean of those measurements were taken. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used for statistical analysis, and the difference between the absolute values of the three methods of measurement was calculated. Results - Direct anthropometry and two-dimensional (2D) measurement for unilateral reference points revealed the greatest variation for average facial types in the distances N-Prn (±0.053) and Sn-Ls (±0.061), while the greatest variation for long and short facial types was in the Ls-St distance (±0.115 and ±0.053, respectively). When comparing unilateral measurements made by direct anthropometry and three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetric values, the identical Sn-Ls (±0.067) had the greatest fluctuation in average facial type and Ls-St changed in long and short facial types (±0.052 and ±0.109, respectively). The Cphr and Cphl had the most variation among the bilateral characteristics assessed among the three facial types using direct anthropometry and either 2D or 3D approaches. Thus, it can Conclusion - be concluded that 3D stereophotogrammetry can be used in place of the current gold standard of measurement i.e., direct measurement, in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
{"title":"THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF 3D STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC MEASUREMENTS VS 2D AND DIRECT ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS: AN IN-DEPTH COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS","authors":"Arjak Pal, Prasenjit Banerjee","doi":"10.36106/paripex/8605753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/8605753","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction- Quick capture times and usability has rendered 3D surface imaging technology to be used more frequently in craniofacial clinics and research facilities, making 3D digital stereophotogrammetry the preferred facial surface imaging technique. By doing away with the need for observer-dependent techniques to overlap anatomic landmarks, stereo-photogrammetry creates 3D images that can be enhanced, rotated, and rendered for better analysis with specialized software. The objective of the study is to compare, verify, and corroborate the fi Objective/Aim - ndings of both unilateral and bilateral measurements made by direct anthropometry and 2D photographs in 3 different facial types (Average, Short and Long) with that of 3D stereophotogrammetric measurements in order to present a costeffective alternative of 3D stereophotogrammetry. A cross-sectional observational study Materials And Methods - design was adopted to assess eight midline and seven bilateral distances on the faces of 36 participants of 3 different facial types. The same measurements were taken on two-dimensional (2D) images and three-dimensional (3D) models created from 2D images. For all measurements, interobserver consistency was obtained with 3 observers measuring the same dimension and the mean of those measurements were taken. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used for statistical analysis, and the difference between the absolute values of the three methods of measurement was calculated. Results - Direct anthropometry and two-dimensional (2D) measurement for unilateral reference points revealed the greatest variation for average facial types in the distances N-Prn (±0.053) and Sn-Ls (±0.061), while the greatest variation for long and short facial types was in the Ls-St distance (±0.115 and ±0.053, respectively). When comparing unilateral measurements made by direct anthropometry and three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetric values, the identical Sn-Ls (±0.067) had the greatest fluctuation in average facial type and Ls-St changed in long and short facial types (±0.052 and ±0.109, respectively). The Cphr and Cphl had the most variation among the bilateral characteristics assessed among the three facial types using direct anthropometry and either 2D or 3D approaches. Thus, it can Conclusion - be concluded that 3D stereophotogrammetry can be used in place of the current gold standard of measurement i.e., direct measurement, in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.","PeriodicalId":19910,"journal":{"name":"Paripex Indian Journal Of Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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