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Exceptional functionalized dual-acidic ionic liquid: High-efficiency catalytic reaction medium for oxidation desulfurization 特殊功能化双酸离子液体:用于氧化脱硫的高效催化反应介质
IF 6 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2024.07.012
Ran Liu , Chang Wang , Qiang Yang , Jing-Ran Yang , Chen Liu , Liberty Mguni , Xin-Ying Liu , Ya-Li Yao , Fa-Tang Li
The development of highly active functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) as both extractants and catalysts for use in achieving deep desulfurization continues to pose challenges. In this study, a highly efficient oxidative desulfurization system was constructed, composed of dual-acidic ionic liquids (DILs) and H2O2-AcOH. The investigation results of four DILs prepared from different metal chlorides ([HSO3C3NEt3]Cl-MnCln, MnCln = AlCl3, ZnCl2, CuCl2, FeCl3) in oxidative desulfurization showed that [HSO3C3NEt3]Cl–AlCl3 had an outstanding catalytic effect and significantly promoted the oxidation of sulfides. With a 0.2 g [HSO3C3NEt3]Cl–AlCl3, the removal rate of dibenzothiophene (DBT) reached 100% in 10 mL model oil under mild conditions at 55 °C for 20 min. The key is its ability to induce the dismutation of superoxide anions (•O2), which facilitates the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2). The efficient oxidation of DBT is accomplished through a predominantly 1O2-mediated non-radical mechanism. [HSO3C3NEt3]Cl-AlCl3 serves as a favorable medium for contact to be made between 1O2 and sulfides, which indicates an efficient catalytic-adsorption synergy.
{"title":"Exceptional functionalized dual-acidic ionic liquid: High-efficiency catalytic reaction medium for oxidation desulfurization","authors":"Ran Liu ,&nbsp;Chang Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Yang ,&nbsp;Jing-Ran Yang ,&nbsp;Chen Liu ,&nbsp;Liberty Mguni ,&nbsp;Xin-Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Ya-Li Yao ,&nbsp;Fa-Tang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of highly active functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) as both extractants and catalysts for use in achieving deep desulfurization continues to pose challenges. In this study, a highly efficient oxidative desulfurization system was constructed, composed of dual-acidic ionic liquids (DILs) and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-AcOH. The investigation results of four DILs prepared from different metal chlorides ([HSO<sub>3</sub>C<sub>3</sub>NEt<sub>3</sub>]Cl-MnCl<sub>n</sub>, MnCl<sub>n</sub> = AlCl<sub>3</sub>, ZnCl<sub>2</sub>, CuCl<sub>2</sub>, FeCl<sub>3</sub>) in oxidative desulfurization showed that [HSO<sub>3</sub>C<sub>3</sub>NEt<sub>3</sub>]Cl–AlCl<sub>3</sub> had an outstanding catalytic effect and significantly promoted the oxidation of sulfides. With a 0.2 g [HSO<sub>3</sub>C<sub>3</sub>NEt<sub>3</sub>]Cl–AlCl<sub>3</sub>, the removal rate of dibenzothiophene (DBT) reached 100% in 10 mL model oil under mild conditions at 55 °C for 20 min. The key is its ability to induce the dismutation of superoxide anions (•O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), which facilitates the generation of singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>). The efficient oxidation of DBT is accomplished through a predominantly <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated non-radical mechanism. [HSO<sub>3</sub>C<sub>3</sub>NEt<sub>3</sub>]Cl-AlCl<sub>3</sub> serves as a favorable medium for contact to be made between <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and sulfides, which indicates an efficient catalytic-adsorption synergy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 492-507"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sedimentary architecture of a sandy braided river: Insights from a flume experiment 沙质辫状河的沉积结构:水槽实验的启示
IF 6 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2024.07.016
Wen-Jie Feng , Gao Fei-Xiang , Chang-Min Zhang , Qi-Hao Qian , Tai-Ju Yin , Tao Lei , Hua-Zhan Guo , Jie Chen
Sandy braided river deposits are widely preserved in ancient stratigraphic records and act as a significant type of hydrocarbon reservoir. Due to the frequent and rapid migration of channels within the riverbed, the sedimentary architecture is highly complex. In this paper, a flume experiment was conducted to reveal the detailed depositional process and establish a fine sedimentary architecture model for sandy braided rivers. The result showed that (1) Three types of braid channels, including the lateral migration channel, the confluence channel, and the deep incised channel, were recognized based on geometry, scale, distribution, and spatial patterns; they are interconnected, forming a complex channel network. (2) Braid channels were characterized by lateral migration, abandonment, filling, and chute cutoff. Lateral migration of channels shaped the braid bars and dominated the formation, growth, and reworking of braid bars. (3) Controlled by the fast and frequent variations of the braid channel network, braid bars were continuously formed, reworked, reshaped, and composited of multiple accretions with different types, orientations, scales, and preservation degrees. Symmetrical and asymmetrical braid bars presented significantly different composition patterns. (4) Dominated by the continuous reworking of braid channels, temporary deposits were limited preserved, braid channel deposits account for 54.3 percent of the eventually preserved braided river deposits, and four types of amalgamate patterns were recognized. Braid bars were cut and limited preserved, only accounting for 45.7 percent of the eventually preserved braided river deposits. (5) During the experiment, only 28 percent of near-surface temporary deposits were eventually preserved in fragmented forms with the final experimental braided river; the shape, spatial patterns, and most of the deposits observed during the depositional process were largely reworked and poorly preserved. (6) The scale of eventually preserved braid bars and braid channels is significantly smaller than the temporary deposits from geomorphic observations. The aspect ratio of the eventually preserved braid bars and the width-to-depth ratio of the eventually preserved braid channel are also significantly different from that of the temporary ones measured from topography data.
{"title":"Sedimentary architecture of a sandy braided river: Insights from a flume experiment","authors":"Wen-Jie Feng ,&nbsp;Gao Fei-Xiang ,&nbsp;Chang-Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi-Hao Qian ,&nbsp;Tai-Ju Yin ,&nbsp;Tao Lei ,&nbsp;Hua-Zhan Guo ,&nbsp;Jie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sandy braided river deposits are widely preserved in ancient stratigraphic records and act as a significant type of hydrocarbon reservoir. Due to the frequent and rapid migration of channels within the riverbed, the sedimentary architecture is highly complex. In this paper, a flume experiment was conducted to reveal the detailed depositional process and establish a fine sedimentary architecture model for sandy braided rivers. The result showed that (1) Three types of braid channels, including the lateral migration channel, the confluence channel, and the deep incised channel, were recognized based on geometry, scale, distribution, and spatial patterns; they are interconnected, forming a complex channel network. (2) Braid channels were characterized by lateral migration, abandonment, filling, and chute cutoff. Lateral migration of channels shaped the braid bars and dominated the formation, growth, and reworking of braid bars. (3) Controlled by the fast and frequent variations of the braid channel network, braid bars were continuously formed, reworked, reshaped, and composited of multiple accretions with different types, orientations, scales, and preservation degrees. Symmetrical and asymmetrical braid bars presented significantly different composition patterns. (4) Dominated by the continuous reworking of braid channels, temporary deposits were limited preserved, braid channel deposits account for 54.3 percent of the eventually preserved braided river deposits, and four types of amalgamate patterns were recognized. Braid bars were cut and limited preserved, only accounting for 45.7 percent of the eventually preserved braided river deposits. (5) During the experiment, only 28 percent of near-surface temporary deposits were eventually preserved in fragmented forms with the final experimental braided river; the shape, spatial patterns, and most of the deposits observed during the depositional process were largely reworked and poorly preserved. (6) The scale of eventually preserved braid bars and braid channels is significantly smaller than the temporary deposits from geomorphic observations. The aspect ratio of the eventually preserved braid bars and the width-to-depth ratio of the eventually preserved braid channel are also significantly different from that of the temporary ones measured from topography data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 16-28"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A technical review of CO2 flooding sweep-characteristics research advance and sweep-extend technology
IF 6 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.005
Yi-Qi Zhang , Sheng-Lai Yang , Lu-Fei Bi , Xin-Yuan Gao , Bin Shen , Jiang-Tao Hu , Yun Luo , Yang Zhao , Hao Chen , Jing Li
The utilization and storage of CO2 emissions from oil production and consumption in the upstream oil industry will contribute to sustainable development. CO2 flooding is the key technology for the upstream oil industry to transition to sustainable development. However, there is a significant challenge in achieving high recovery and storage efficiency in unconventional reservoirs, particularly in underdeveloped countries. Numerous studies have indicated that the limited sweep range caused by premature gas channeling of CO2 is a crucial bottleneck that hinders the enhancement of recovery, storage efficiency and safety. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the research and technical advancements regarding the front sweep characteristics of CO2 during migration. It particularly focuses on the characteristics, applicable stages, and research progress of different technologies used for regulating CO2 flooding sweep. Finally, based on the current application status and development trends, the review offers insights into the future research direction for these technologies. It is concluded that the front migration characteristics of CO2 play a crucial role in determining the macroscopic sweep range. The focus of future research lies in achieving cross-scale correlation and information coupling of CO2 migration processes. Currently, the influence weight of permeability, injection speed, pressure and other parameters on the characteristics of ‘fingering-gas channeling’ is still not well clear. There is an urgent need to establish prediction model and early warning mechanism that considers multi-parameters and cross-scale gas channeling degrees, in order to create effective strategies for prevention and control. There are currently three technologies available for sweep regulation: flow field intervention, mobility reduction, and gas channeling plugging. To expand the sweep effectively, it is important to systematically integrate these technologies based on their regulation characteristics and applicable stages. This can be achieved by constructing an intelligent synergistic hierarchical segmented regulation technology known as ‘flow field intervention + mobility regulation + channel plugging chemically’. This work is expected to provide valuable insights for achieving conformance control of CO2-EOR and safe storage of CO2.
{"title":"A technical review of CO2 flooding sweep-characteristics research advance and sweep-extend technology","authors":"Yi-Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Sheng-Lai Yang ,&nbsp;Lu-Fei Bi ,&nbsp;Xin-Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Bin Shen ,&nbsp;Jiang-Tao Hu ,&nbsp;Yun Luo ,&nbsp;Yang Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization and storage of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from oil production and consumption in the upstream oil industry will contribute to sustainable development. CO<sub>2</sub> flooding is the key technology for the upstream oil industry to transition to sustainable development. However, there is a significant challenge in achieving high recovery and storage efficiency in unconventional reservoirs, particularly in underdeveloped countries. Numerous studies have indicated that the limited sweep range caused by premature gas channeling of CO<sub>2</sub> is a crucial bottleneck that hinders the enhancement of recovery, storage efficiency and safety. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the research and technical advancements regarding the front sweep characteristics of CO<sub>2</sub> during migration. It particularly focuses on the characteristics, applicable stages, and research progress of different technologies used for regulating CO<sub>2</sub> flooding sweep. Finally, based on the current application status and development trends, the review offers insights into the future research direction for these technologies. It is concluded that the front migration characteristics of CO<sub>2</sub> play a crucial role in determining the macroscopic sweep range. The focus of future research lies in achieving cross-scale correlation and information coupling of CO<sub>2</sub> migration processes. Currently, the influence weight of permeability, injection speed, pressure and other parameters on the characteristics of ‘fingering-gas channeling’ is still not well clear. There is an urgent need to establish prediction model and early warning mechanism that considers multi-parameters and cross-scale gas channeling degrees, in order to create effective strategies for prevention and control. There are currently three technologies available for sweep regulation: flow field intervention, mobility reduction, and gas channeling plugging. To expand the sweep effectively, it is important to systematically integrate these technologies based on their regulation characteristics and applicable stages. This can be achieved by constructing an intelligent synergistic hierarchical segmented regulation technology known as ‘flow field intervention + mobility regulation + channel plugging chemically’. This work is expected to provide valuable insights for achieving conformance control of CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR and safe storage of CO<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 255-276"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparing different segments in shut-in pressure signals: New insights into frequency range and energy distribution
IF 6 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2024.08.013
Ya-Jing Wang , Xiao-Dong Hu , Fu-Jian Zhou , Pu-Kang Yi , Wei-Peng Guan , Yang Qiu , En-Jia Dong , Peng-Tian Zhang
Water hammer diagnostics is an important fracturing diagnosis technique to evaluate fracture locations and other downhole events in fracturing. The evaluation results are obtained by analyzing shut-in water hammer pressure signal. The field-sampled water hammer signal is often disturbed by noise interference. Noise interference exists in various pumping stages during water hammer diagnostics, with significantly different frequency range and energy distribution. Clarifying the differences in frequency range and energy distribution between effective water hammer signals and noise is the basis of setting specific filtering parameters, including filtering frequency range and energy thresholds. Filtering specifically could separate the effective signal and noise, which is the key to ensuring the accuracy of water hammer diagnosis. As an emerging technique, there is a lack of research on the frequency range and energy distribution of effective signals in water hammer diagnostics. In this paper, the frequency range and energy distribution characteristics of field-sampled water hammer signals were clarified quantitatively and qualitatively for the first time by a newly proposed comprehensive water hammer segmentation-energy analysis method. The water hammer signals were preprocessed and divided into three segments, including pre-shut-in, water hammer oscillation, and leak-off segment. Then, the three segments were analyzed by energy analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicated that, one aspect, the frequency range of water hammer oscillation spans from 0 to 0.65 Hz, considered as effective water hammer signal. The pre-shut-in and leak-off segment ranges from 0 to 0.35 Hz and 0–0.2 Hz respectively. Meanwhile, odd harmonics were manifested in water hammer oscillation segment, with the harmonic frequencies ranging approximately from 0.07 to 0.75 Hz. Whereas integer harmonics were observed in pre-shut-in segment, ranging from 6 to 40 Hz. The other aspect, the energy distribution of water hammer signals was analyzed in different frequency ranges. In 0–1 Hz, an exponential decay was observed in all three segments. In 1–100 Hz, a periodical energy distribution was observed in pre-shut-in segment, an exponential decay was observed in water hammer oscillation, and an even energy distribution was observed in leak-off segment. In 100–500 Hz, an even energy distribution was observed in those three segments, yet the highest magnitude was noted in leak-off segment. In this study, the effective frequency range and energy distribution characteristics of the field-sampled water hammer signals in different segments were sufficiently elucidated quantitatively and qualitatively for the first time, laying the groundwork for optimizing the filtering parameters of the field filtering models and advancing the accuracy of identifying downhole event locations.
{"title":"Comparing different segments in shut-in pressure signals: New insights into frequency range and energy distribution","authors":"Ya-Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Dong Hu ,&nbsp;Fu-Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Pu-Kang Yi ,&nbsp;Wei-Peng Guan ,&nbsp;Yang Qiu ,&nbsp;En-Jia Dong ,&nbsp;Peng-Tian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water hammer diagnostics is an important fracturing diagnosis technique to evaluate fracture locations and other downhole events in fracturing. The evaluation results are obtained by analyzing shut-in water hammer pressure signal. The field-sampled water hammer signal is often disturbed by noise interference. Noise interference exists in various pumping stages during water hammer diagnostics, with significantly different frequency range and energy distribution. Clarifying the differences in frequency range and energy distribution between effective water hammer signals and noise is the basis of setting specific filtering parameters, including filtering frequency range and energy thresholds. Filtering specifically could separate the effective signal and noise, which is the key to ensuring the accuracy of water hammer diagnosis. As an emerging technique, there is a lack of research on the frequency range and energy distribution of effective signals in water hammer diagnostics. In this paper, the frequency range and energy distribution characteristics of field-sampled water hammer signals were clarified quantitatively and qualitatively for the first time by a newly proposed comprehensive water hammer segmentation-energy analysis method. The water hammer signals were preprocessed and divided into three segments, including pre-shut-in, water hammer oscillation, and leak-off segment. Then, the three segments were analyzed by energy analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicated that, one aspect, the frequency range of water hammer oscillation spans from 0 to 0.65 Hz, considered as effective water hammer signal. The pre-shut-in and leak-off segment ranges from 0 to 0.35 Hz and 0–0.2 Hz respectively. Meanwhile, odd harmonics were manifested in water hammer oscillation segment, with the harmonic frequencies ranging approximately from 0.07 to 0.75 Hz. Whereas integer harmonics were observed in pre-shut-in segment, ranging from 6 to 40 Hz. The other aspect, the energy distribution of water hammer signals was analyzed in different frequency ranges. In 0–1 Hz, an exponential decay was observed in all three segments. In 1–100 Hz, a periodical energy distribution was observed in pre-shut-in segment, an exponential decay was observed in water hammer oscillation, and an even energy distribution was observed in leak-off segment. In 100–500 Hz, an even energy distribution was observed in those three segments, yet the highest magnitude was noted in leak-off segment. In this study, the effective frequency range and energy distribution characteristics of the field-sampled water hammer signals in different segments were sufficiently elucidated quantitatively and qualitatively for the first time, laying the groundwork for optimizing the filtering parameters of the field filtering models and advancing the accuracy of identifying downhole event locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 442-456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detailed oil-source correlation within the sequence and sedimentary framework in the Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea
IF 6 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2024.08.005
Xin Wang , Mei-Jun Li , Yang Shi , Hao Guo , Bang Zeng , Xi He
The Fushan Depression is one of the petroliferous depressions in the Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. Previous studies have preliminarily explored the origin and source of crude oils in some areas of this depression. Nevertheless, no systematic investigations on the classification and origin of oils and hydrocarbon migration processes have been made for the entire petroleum system in this depression, which has significantly hindered the hydrocarbon exploration in the region. A total of 32 mudstone and 58 oil samples from the Fushan Depression were analyzed to definite the detailed oil-source correlation within the sequence and sedimentary framework. The organic matter of third member of Paleogene Liushagang Formation (Els3) source rocks, both deltaic and lacustrine mudstone, are algal-dominated with high abundance of C23 tricyclic terpane and C30 4-methylsteranes. The deltaic source rocks occurring in the first member (Els1) and second member (Els2) of the Paleogene Liushagang Formation are characterized by high abundance of C19+20 tricyclic terpane and oleanane, reflecting a more terrestrial plants contribution. While lacustrine source rocks of Els1 and Els2 display the reduced input of terrigenous organic matter with relatively low abundance of C19+20 tricyclic terpane and oleanane. Three types of oils were identified by their biomarker compositions in this study. Most of the oils discovered in the Huachang and Bailian Els1 reservoir belong to group A and were derived from lacustrine source rocks of Els1 and Els2. Group B oils are found within the Els1 and Els2 reservoirs, showing a close relation to the deltaic source rocks of Els1 and Els2, respectively. Group C oils, occurring in the Els3 reservoirs, have a good affinity with the Els3 source rocks. The spatial distribution and accumulation of different groups of oils are mainly controlled by the sedimentary facies and specific structural conditions. The Els2 reservoir in the Yong'an area belonging to Group B oil, are adjacent to the source kitchen and could be considered as the favorable exploration area in the future.
{"title":"Detailed oil-source correlation within the sequence and sedimentary framework in the Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea","authors":"Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Mei-Jun Li ,&nbsp;Yang Shi ,&nbsp;Hao Guo ,&nbsp;Bang Zeng ,&nbsp;Xi He","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Fushan Depression is one of the petroliferous depressions in the Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. Previous studies have preliminarily explored the origin and source of crude oils in some areas of this depression. Nevertheless, no systematic investigations on the classification and origin of oils and hydrocarbon migration processes have been made for the entire petroleum system in this depression, which has significantly hindered the hydrocarbon exploration in the region. A total of 32 mudstone and 58 oil samples from the Fushan Depression were analyzed to definite the detailed oil-source correlation within the sequence and sedimentary framework. The organic matter of third member of Paleogene Liushagang Formation (E<em>ls</em><sub>3</sub>) source rocks, both deltaic and lacustrine mudstone, are algal-dominated with high abundance of C<sub>23</sub> tricyclic terpane and C<sub>30</sub> 4-methylsteranes. The deltaic source rocks occurring in the first member (E<em>ls</em><sub>1</sub>) and second member (E<em>ls</em><sub>2</sub>) of the Paleogene Liushagang Formation are characterized by high abundance of C<sub>19+20</sub> tricyclic terpane and oleanane, reflecting a more terrestrial plants contribution. While lacustrine source rocks of E<em>ls</em><sub>1</sub> and E<em>ls</em><sub>2</sub> display the reduced input of terrigenous organic matter with relatively low abundance of C<sub>19+20</sub> tricyclic terpane and oleanane. Three types of oils were identified by their biomarker compositions in this study. Most of the oils discovered in the Huachang and Bailian E<em>ls</em><sub>1</sub> reservoir belong to group A and were derived from lacustrine source rocks of E<em>ls</em><sub>1</sub> and E<em>ls</em><sub>2</sub>. Group B oils are found within the E<em>ls</em><sub>1</sub> and E<em>ls</em><sub>2</sub> reservoirs, showing a close relation to the deltaic source rocks of E<em>ls</em><sub>1</sub> and E<em>ls</em><sub>2</sub>, respectively. Group C oils, occurring in the E<em>ls</em><sub>3</sub> reservoirs, have a good affinity with the E<em>ls</em><sub>3</sub> source rocks. The spatial distribution and accumulation of different groups of oils are mainly controlled by the sedimentary facies and specific structural conditions. The E<em>ls</em><sub>2</sub> reservoir in the Yong'an area belonging to Group B oil, are adjacent to the source kitchen and could be considered as the favorable exploration area in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 90-109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A fast amplitude preserving three-parameter 3D parabolic Radon transform and its application on multiple attenuation 快速保幅三参数 3D 抛物线拉顿变换及其在多重衰减中的应用
IF 6 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2024.06.011
Ji-Tao Ma , Kai-Ge Zhao , Zhen Liao
Seismic wavefields propagate through three-dimensional (3D) space, and their precise characterization is crucial for understanding subsurface structures. Traditional 2D algorithms, due to their limitations, are insufficient to fully represent three-dimensional wavefields. The classic 3D Radon transform algorithm assumes that the wavefield's propagation characteristics are consistent in all directions, which often does not hold true in complex underground media. To address this issue, we present an improved 3D three-parameter Radon algorithm that considers the wavefield variation with azimuth and provides a more accurate wavefield description. However, introducing new parameters to describe the azimuthal variation also poses computational challenges. The new Radon transform operator involves five variables and cannot be simply decomposed into small matrices for efficient computation; instead, it requires large matrix multiplication and inversion operations, significantly increasing the computational load. To overcome this challenge, we have integrated the curvature and frequency parameters, simplifying all frequency operators to the same, thereby significantly improving computation efficiency. Furthermore, existing transform algorithms neglect the lateral variation of seismic amplitudes, leading to discrepancies between the estimated multiples and those in the data. To enhance the amplitude preservation of the algorithm, we employ orthogonal polynomial fitting to capture the amplitude spatial variation in 3D seismic data. Combining these improvements, we propose a fast, amplitude-preserving, 3D three-parameter Radon transform algorithm. This algorithm not only enhances computational efficiency while maintaining the original wavefield characteristics, but also improves the representation of seismic data by increasing amplitude fidelity. We validated the algorithm in multiple attenuation using both synthetic and real seismic data. The results demonstrate that the new algorithm significantly improves both accuracy and computational efficiency, providing an effective tool for analyzing seismic wavefields in complex subsurface structures.
地震波场在三维(3D)空间传播,精确描述波场对了解地下结构至关重要。传统的二维算法由于其局限性,不足以完全表示三维波场。经典的三维 Radon 变换算法假定波场的传播特性在所有方向上都是一致的,而这在复杂的地下介质中往往不成立。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种改进的三维三参数 Radon 算法,该算法考虑了波场随方位角的变化,能提供更精确的波场描述。然而,引入新参数来描述方位角变化也给计算带来了挑战。新的拉顿变换算子涉及五个变量,不能简单地分解成小矩阵来进行高效计算;相反,它需要大量的矩阵乘法和反演运算,大大增加了计算负荷。为了克服这一难题,我们整合了曲率和频率参数,将所有频率算子简化为相同的算子,从而大大提高了计算效率。此外,现有的转换算法忽略了地震振幅的横向变化,导致估计的倍数与数据中的倍数不一致。为了增强算法的振幅保护,我们采用了正交多项式拟合来捕捉三维地震数据中的振幅空间变化。结合这些改进,我们提出了一种快速、保留振幅的三维三参数 Radon 变换算法。该算法不仅在保持原始波场特征的同时提高了计算效率,还通过提高振幅保真度改善了地震数据的代表性。我们使用合成和真实地震数据对该算法进行了多重衰减验证。结果表明,新算法显著提高了精度和计算效率,为分析复杂地下结构的地震波场提供了有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
OFC
IF 6 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1995-8226(25)00007-X
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of EVAM-g-NSiO2 nanocomposite pour point depressant and its effect on rheological properties of model waxy oil EVAM-g-NSiO2 纳米复合降凝剂的制备及其对模型蜡油流变特性的影响
IF 6 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2024.06.012
Yi-Hai Yang , Li-Na Zhang , Zheng-Nan Sun , Ming-Xing Bai , Guo-Lin Jing , Yang Liu , Xiao-Yan Liu
Modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAM) and amino-functionalized nano-silica (NSiO2) particles were employed as the base materials for the synthesis of the nanocomposite pour point depressant designated as EVAM-g-NSiO2. This synthesis involved a chemical grafting process within a solution system, followed by a structural characterization. Moreover, combining macro-rheological performance with microscopic structure observation, the influence of the nanocomposite pour point depressant on the rheological properties of the model waxy oil system was investigated. The results indicate that when the mass ratio of NSiO2 to EVAM is 1:100, the prepared EVAM-g-NSiO2 nanocomposite pour point depressant exhibits excellent pour point reduction and viscosity reduction properties. Moreover, the nanocomposite pour point depressant obtained through a chemical grafting reaction demonstrates structural stability (the bonding between the polymer and nanoparticles is stable). The pour points of model waxy oils doped with 500 mg/kg ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), EVAM, and EVAM/SiO2 were reduced from 34 °C to 23, 20, and 21 °C, respectively. After adding the same dosage of EVAM-g-NSiO2 nanocomposite pour point depressant, the pour point of the model wax oil decreased to 12 °C and the viscosity at 32 °C decreased from 2399 to 2396.9 mPa ·s, achieving an impressive viscosity reduction rate of 99.9%. Its performance surpassed that of EVA, EVAM, and EVAM/SiO2. The EVAM-g-NSiO2 dispersed in the oil phase acts as the crystallization nucleus for wax crystals, resulting in a dense structure of wax crystals. The compact wax crystal blocks are difficult to overlap with each other, preventing the formation of a three-dimensional network structure, thereby improving the low-temperature flowability of the model waxy oil.
采用改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVAM)和氨基官能化纳米二氧化硅(NSiO)颗粒作为基础材料,合成了名为 EVAM-g-NSiO 的纳米复合降凝剂。合成过程包括在溶液体系中进行化学接枝,然后进行结构表征。此外,结合宏观流变性能和微观结构观察,研究了纳米复合降凝剂对模型蜡油体系流变特性的影响。结果表明,当 NSiO 与 EVAM 的质量比为 1:100 时,制备的 EVAM-g-NSiO 纳米复合降凝剂具有优异的降凝和降粘性能。此外,通过化学接枝反应获得的纳米复合降凝剂具有结构稳定性(聚合物与纳米颗粒之间的结合稳定)。掺杂了 500 mg/kg 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、EVAM 和 EVAM/SiO 的模型蜡油的倾点分别从 34 ℃ 降至 23、20 和 21 ℃。添加相同剂量的 EVAM-g-NSiO 纳米复合材料降凝剂后,模型蜡油的倾点降至 12 °C,32 °C时的粘度从 2399 mPa -s 降至 2396.9 mPa -s,降粘率高达 99.9%。其性能超过了 EVA、EVAM 和 EVAM/SiO。分散在油相中的 EVAM-g-NSiO 可作为蜡晶体的结晶核,形成致密的蜡晶体结构。致密的蜡晶块很难相互重叠,无法形成三维网络结构,从而改善了模型蜡油的低温流动性。
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引用次数: 0
New progresses of fine-grained sediment gravity-flow deposits and their importance for unconventional shale oil and gas plays
IF 6 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2024.05.022
Tian Yang , Ying-Lin Liu
Fine-grained sediments are widely distributed and constitute the most abundant component in sedimentary systems, thus the research on their genesis and distribution is of great significance. In recent years, fine-grained sediment gravity-flows (FGSGF) have been recognized as an important transportation and depositional mechanism for accumulating thick successions of fine-grained sediments. Through a comprehensive review and synthesis of global research on FGSGF deposition, the characteristics, depositional mechanisms, and distribution patterns of fine-grained sediment gravity-flow deposits (FGSGFD) are discussed, and future research prospects are clarified. In addition to the traditionally recognized low-density turbidity current and muddy debris flow, wave-enhanced gravity flow, low-density muddy hyperpycnal flow, and hypopycnal plumes can all form widely distributed FGSGFD. At the same time, the evolution of FGSGF during transportation can result in transitional and hybrid gravity-flow deposits. The combination of multiple triggering mechanisms promotes the widespread development of FGSGFD, without temporal and spatial limitations. Different types and concentrations of clay minerals, organic matters, and organo-clay complexes are the keys to controlling the flow transformation of FGSGF from low-concentration turbidity currents to high-concentration muddy debris flows. Further study is needed on the interaction mechanism of FGSGF caused by different initiations, the evolution of FGSGF with the effect of organic-inorganic synergy, and the controlling factors of the distribution patterns of FGSGFD. The study of FGSGFD can shed some new light on the formation of widely developed thin-bedded siltstones within shales. At the same time, these insights may broaden the exploration scope of shale oil and gas, which have important geological significances for unconventional shale oil and gas.
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of micro-dispersion on oil recovery during low-salinity water-alternating-CO2 processes in sandstone cores: An integrated experimental approach
IF 6 1区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.011
Jia-Xin Wang , Leng Tian , Can Huang , Xiao-Jiao Deng , Daoyong Tony Yang , Rui-Heng Wang , Jia-Hao Lin , Jin-Yang Wei
Low-salinity water (LSW) and CO2 could be combined to perform better in a hydrocarbon reservoir due to their synergistic advantages for enhanced oil recovery (EOR); however, its microscopic recovery mechanisms have not been well understood due to the nature of these two fluids and their physical reactions in the presence of reservoir fluids and porous media. In this work, well-designed and integrated experiments have been performed for the first time to characterize the in-situ formation of micro-dispersions and identify their EOR roles during a LSW-alternating-CO2 (CO2-LSWAG) process under various conditions. Firstly, by measuring water concentration and performing the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, the in-situ formation of micro-dispersions induced by polar and acidic materials was identified. Then, displacement experiments combining with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis were performed with two crude oil samples, during which wettability, interfacial tension (IFT), CO2 dissolution, and CO2 diffusion were quantified. During a CO2-LSWAG process, the in-situ formed micro-dispersions dictate the oil recovery, while the presence of clay minerals, electrical double-layer (EDL) expansion and multiple ion exchange (MIE) are found to contribute less. Such formed micro-dispersions are induced by CO2 via diffusion to mobilize the CO2-diluted oil, alter the rock wettability towards more water-wet, and minimize the density contrast between crude oil and water.
{"title":"Evaluation of micro-dispersion on oil recovery during low-salinity water-alternating-CO2 processes in sandstone cores: An integrated experimental approach","authors":"Jia-Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Leng Tian ,&nbsp;Can Huang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Jiao Deng ,&nbsp;Daoyong Tony Yang ,&nbsp;Rui-Heng Wang ,&nbsp;Jia-Hao Lin ,&nbsp;Jin-Yang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-salinity water (LSW) and CO<sub>2</sub> could be combined to perform better in a hydrocarbon reservoir due to their synergistic advantages for enhanced oil recovery (EOR); however, its microscopic recovery mechanisms have not been well understood due to the nature of these two fluids and their physical reactions in the presence of reservoir fluids and porous media. In this work, well-designed and integrated experiments have been performed for the first time to characterize the in-situ formation of micro-dispersions and identify their EOR roles during a LSW-alternating-CO<sub>2</sub> (CO<sub>2</sub>-LSWAG) process under various conditions. Firstly, by measuring water concentration and performing the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, the in-situ formation of micro-dispersions induced by polar and acidic materials was identified. Then, displacement experiments combining with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis were performed with two crude oil samples, during which wettability, interfacial tension (IFT), CO<sub>2</sub> dissolution, and CO<sub>2</sub> diffusion were quantified. During a CO<sub>2</sub>-LSWAG process, the in-situ formed micro-dispersions dictate the oil recovery, while the presence of clay minerals, electrical double-layer (EDL) expansion and multiple ion exchange (MIE) are found to contribute less. Such formed micro-dispersions are induced by CO<sub>2</sub> via diffusion to mobilize the CO<sub>2</sub>-diluted oil, alter the rock wettability towards more water-wet, and minimize the density contrast between crude oil and water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 277-295"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Petroleum Science
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