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IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

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IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Thermal evolution of the Paleozoic in the eastern Sichuan Basin: Insights from thermochronometric analyses and basin modeling 四川盆地东部古生代热演化：来自热年代学分析和盆地模拟的启示

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.030

Xin Liu , Nan-Sheng Qiu , Qian-Qian Feng

Eastern Sichuan Basin is a critical region for oil and gas production in China, and the thermal effect of the Emeishan Mantle Plume (EMP) on the basin remains unclear, which limits the study of the Paleozoic hydrocarbon accumulation process. Thus, clarifying the thermal history is crucial for oil and gas evaluation and exploration. This study combines zircon fission track (ZFT), zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe), and vitrinite reflectance analyses to reconstruct the thermal history since the Paleozoic and investigate the maturity evolution of Paleozoic source rocks in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Additionally, the contributing factors of the Permian abnormal heat flow and the thermal effect range of the EMP were analyzed. Thermal history results show a stable low heat flow phase (45–55 mW/m²) from the Cambrian to Permian, a rapid increase to peak values (62–70 mW/m²) during the Middle Permian, and a gradual decline to current stable values (47–62 mW/m²) from the Triassic onward. Thermal evolution revealed that Paleozoic source rocks exhibited maturation stagnation due to tectonic events, while the Permian peak heat flow and the Jurassic-Late Cretaceous rapid burial accelerated maturation. The Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation source rocks began generating hydrocarbons (R_equ = 0.5%) in the Late Cambrian–Late Ordovician and Late Silurian–Early Devonian, respectively, while it was Late Permian–Early Triassic for Permian source rocks. Peak maturity (R_equ > 2%) occurred in the Late Cretaceous, with natural gas as the dominant product. The EMP significantly influenced the thermal regime of the western and central Sichuan Basin, with a thermal effect radius of ∼600–650 km. In contrast, the Permian thermal anomaly in the eastern Sichuan Basin is attributed to the lithospheric extension associated with the Middle Permian Kaijiang-Liangping trough. These findings provide critical insights for deep and ultra-deep gas exploration and enhance the understanding of the EMP's regional thermal impacts.

川东盆地是中国油气生产的关键地区，峨眉山地幔柱对盆地的热效应尚不清楚，限制了古生代油气成藏过程的研究。因此，明确热史对油气评价和勘探具有重要意义。结合锆石裂变径迹（ZFT）、锆石(U-Th)/He（喆）和镜质组反射率分析，重建了川东地区古生代以来的热史，探讨了川东地区古生代烃源岩的成熟度演化。分析了二叠系异常热流成因及电磁脉冲热效应范围。热史结果表明，寒武纪至二叠纪为稳定的低热流阶段（45 ~ 55 mW/m2），中二叠纪快速上升至峰值（62 ~ 70 mW/m2），三叠纪以后逐渐下降至目前的稳定值（47 ~ 62 mW/m2）。热演化表明，古生代烃源岩受构造事件影响成熟停滞，二叠纪热流高峰和侏罗纪-晚白垩世快速埋藏加速了烃源岩成熟。寒武系筇竹寺组烃源岩和志留系龙马溪组烃源岩分别在晚寒武世—晚奥陶世和晚志留世—早泥盆世开始生烃（Requ = 0.5%），而二叠系烃源岩则在晚二叠世—早三叠世开始生烃。晚白垩世成熟度达到峰值（要求为2%），以天然气为主导产物。EMP显著影响了四川盆地西部和中部的热状态，热效应半径为~ 600 ~ 650 km。四川盆地东部二叠纪热异常与中二叠统开江—梁平槽相关的岩石圈伸展有关。这些发现为深层和超深层天然气勘探提供了重要的见解，并增强了对EMP区域热影响的理解。

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引用次数: 0

A modeling-inversion methodology for source rocks based on clay-kerogen lamination and pore geometry 基于粘土-干酪根层理和孔隙几何的烃源岩建模反演方法

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.06.021

Cong Luo , Jun-Wei Cheng , Jing Ba , José Carcione , Lu-Lu Chen

Source rocks (shales) exhibit different geometric pore types and considerable anisotropy caused by the preferential orientation of the clay and kerogen layers, which is not accounted for in classical rock-physics models. Pore geometry can be effectively studied through the aspect ratio, and in this study, we use the aspect ratio to characterize different pore geometries. Then, we consider a pore connectivity index as well as a lamination index associated with these orientations. An inclusion-based theory (differential effective medium and self-consistent approximation) and the Brown-Korringa equations are used in the modeling approach. The results show that the indices as well as the aspect ratio of the connected pores significantly affect the elastic properties. We propose an inversion method to invert these three parameters simultaneously from experimental vertical P- and S-wave velocities using a global optimization algorithm. The method is applied to well log and seismic data from the Longmaxi shale reservoir in southwest China to verify its predictive ability.

烃源岩（页岩）表现出不同的几何孔隙类型和明显的各向异性，这是由粘土层和干酪根层的优先取向引起的，这在经典的岩石物理模型中没有考虑到。通过纵横比可以有效地研究孔隙几何形状，在本研究中，我们使用纵横比来表征不同的孔隙几何形状。然后，我们考虑孔隙连通性指数以及与这些方向相关的层压指数。建模方法采用了基于包容的理论（微分有效介质和自洽近似）和Brown-Korringa方程。结果表明，连通孔隙的指数和长径比对材料的弹性性能有显著影响。我们提出了一种利用全局优化算法从实验纵波和横波速度同时反演这三个参数的方法。将该方法应用于龙马溪页岩储层的测井和地震资料，验证了该方法的预测能力。

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引用次数: 0

FDEM modeling of the fracture propagation behavior under the joint interaction of shale anisotropy and multi-lithologic stack 页岩各向异性与多岩性叠加共同作用下裂缝扩展行为的FDEM模拟

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.09.001

Rui Yang , Xiao-Guang Wu , Teng-Da Long , Gen-Sheng Li , Zhong-Wei Huang , Zi-Xiao Xie , Xiao-Xuan Li , Xiang-Yang Wang

Exploring the interaction between hydraulic fractures and complex geological conditions is critical for multilayered commingling production in the laminated continental shale oil reservoirs. In this paper, a 2D hydro-mechanical coupling numerical model is developed to investigate the fracture propagation behavior affected by the joint interaction of multi-lithologic stack and shale anisotropy. The model adopts a smear approach to reproduce the mechanical anisotropy of shale observed from laboratory experiments with powerful finite-discrete element method (FDEM) to precisely capture the transition from elastic deformation to failure during fluid injection in layered heterogeneous media. The results indicate that shale anisotropy affects hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation behavior. The estimated breakdown pressure is 15% higher than that in horizontal homogeneous shale oil reservoirs. The elastic anisotropy alters the stress trajectory and magnitudes, while the strength anisotropy affects the failure mode and fracture morphology. Under the combined two factors, the established fracture network reveals potent cross-layer abilities with less activation of weak planes. Additionally, the sedimentary structure of thin interlayers hinders fracture height extension, resulting in a limited stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Optimization of engineering and geological parameters could mitigate this limitation and efficiently co-develop the multiple sweet-spot pay zones. For field application, it is proposed to select a modest stress difference formation (K_v around 0.75–1.00) for stimulation. Then, an alternated high/low injection rate can be employed to improve the cross-layer ability and activate the underlying weak planes, finally realizing an ideal SRV. The key findings are expected to provide new insights into the fracture propagation mechanism and guide reservoir stimulation in continental shale oil.

研究水力裂缝与复杂地质条件之间的相互作用是层状陆相页岩油藏多层合采的关键。本文建立了二维水-力耦合数值模型，研究了多岩性叠加和页岩各向异性联合作用对裂缝扩展行为的影响。该模型采用涂抹法，利用强大的有限离散元法（FDEM）再现实验室实验中观察到的页岩力学各向异性，精确捕捉层状非均质介质注入流体过程中从弹性变形到破坏的转变过程。结果表明，页岩各向异性影响水力裂缝的起裂和扩展行为。估计破裂压力比水平均质页岩油藏高15%。弹性各向异性改变应力轨迹和大小，强度各向异性影响破坏模式和断裂形态。在这两个因素的综合作用下，所建立的裂缝网络显示出较强的跨层能力，弱面激活较少。此外，薄夹层的沉积构造阻碍了裂缝高度的扩展，导致增产储层体积有限。工程和地质参数的优化可以缓解这一限制，并有效地共同开发多个甜点产层。对于现场应用，建议选择应力差适中的地层（Kv约为0.75-1.00）进行增产。然后，采用高/低交替注入速率来提高跨层能力，激活底层弱层，最终实现理想的SRV。这些关键发现有望为裂缝扩展机制提供新的见解，并指导陆相页岩油的储层改造。

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引用次数: 0

Coking behavior during the cooling process of cracked hydrocarbon fuels: Characterization of coke and elucidation of condensation coking mechanism 裂解烃燃料冷却过程中的结焦行为：焦炭的表征及缩聚结焦机理的阐明

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.019

Liu-Ru Liu , Yu Liu , Lang Luo , Xin-Ke Wang , Wen-Rui Yan , Bo Wang , Quan Zhu

The active cooling technology of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels is a key way to solve the thermal protection of high-speed aircraft engines, but the condensation coking problem during engine shutdown is a bottleneck that affects the reusability of aircraft. In this study, a self-designed apparatus was used to separately analyze the condensation coking during the fuel cooling process, and the coking characteristics under different temperature conditions were obtained. The condensation coking mechanism of fuel during cooling process was proposed based on the changes in physical properties of coking precursors obtained by the group contribution method. When the temperature drops to 300 °C, not only the gas yield and conversion increase to 71.42% and 89.75% respectively, but the coke mass on the inner surface of the tube also significantly increases from 0.39 to 1.92 mg. Meanwhile, as the temperature further decreases, the morphology of coke gradually transforms into amorphous carbon with a higher degree of graphitization. During the cooling process, due to the liquefaction of coking precursors, their physical properties such as viscosity, density, and saturated vapor pressure undergo sudden changes at 300 °C, leading to enhanced intermolecular physical interactions and promoting the physical aggregation of coking precursor molecules, which are deposited on the inner wall of the tube. This work provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of condensation coking mechanisms and inhibition methods.

碳氢吸热燃料主动冷却技术是解决高速航空发动机热防护的关键途径，但发动机停机时的凝结结焦问题是影响飞机重复使用的瓶颈。本研究利用自行设计的装置，分别对燃料冷却过程中的冷凝结焦进行了分析，得到了不同温度条件下的结焦特性。根据基团贡献法得到的焦化前驱体物理性质的变化，提出了燃料在冷却过程中的冷凝结焦机理。当温度降至300℃时，气产率和转化率分别提高到71.42%和89.75%，管内表面焦炭质量也从0.39 mg显著增加到1.92 mg。同时，随着温度的进一步降低，焦炭的形貌逐渐转变为石墨化程度更高的无定形碳。在冷却过程中，由于焦化前驱体的液化，其粘度、密度、饱和蒸汽压等物理性质在300℃时发生突变，导致分子间物理相互作用增强，促进了焦化前驱体分子的物理聚集，并沉积在管内内壁。该工作为后续缩合结焦机理和抑制方法的研究提供了理论基础。

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