Pediatric Dental Journal最新文献

Background

Osteopetrosis is a rare skeletal disease characterized by increased bone density caused by a malfunction of osteoclasts.

Case presentation

An 8-year-4-month-old girl with multiple primary and permanent tooth impaction was diagnosed with osteopetrosis. In spite of typical manifestations of osteopetrosis in early childhood, including visual and hearing impairments, short stature, and dental abnormalities, diagnosis was severely delayed.

Conclusion

Multiple impacted teeth may indicate a possible diagnosis of osteopetrosis. Dentists should perform an orthopantomography examination when eruption disturbances are encountered and systemic disease should also be suspected, with referral to a pediatrician when necessary.

Background

Simultaneous Activation Technique is a newer method of co-curing resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and self-etch adhesive.

Aim

Assessment of microleakage and interfacial adaptation following simultaneous activation technique in primary molars.

Design

Standardized Class I cavities were prepared in 66 non-carious primary molars and randomly allocated to Group I – Simultaneous activation of RMGI and self-etch adhesive (SAT); Group II – SAT with enamel etching (SAT + EE); Group III – Conventional Sandwich Technique (ST) and restored with bulk fill composite. Time taken was calculated using stopwatch. Microleakage was assessed using dye penetration method under stereomicroscope. Seven samples per group were sent for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. One-Way Analysis of Variance and Post- Hoc Tukey's test were applied at P < 0.05.

Results

Mean microleakage of group I, II and III were 1.23, 1.41 and 1.59 respectively. Time taken was least for SAT followed by SAT + EE and ST group. Statistically significant difference was seen between SAT and ST group (p < 0.0001) and SAT + EE and ST group (p < 0.0001). SEM analysis showed better mean interfacial adaptation in SAT + EE (1.00) followed by ST (2.14) and SAT (3.57) group. Difference between SAT + EE and SAT group was significant (p = 0.005).

Conclusion

Simultaneous activation technique with selective enamel etching resulted in less microleakage and better interfacial adaptation.

Objectives

This study aimed to clarify the effect of palatine tonsil hypertrophy-induced ventilation obstruction on maxillofacial dentition morphology using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to represent tongue posture and maxillofacial dentition three dimensionally.

Materials and methods

We analyzed data of 20 patients with tonsil hypertrophy (tonsil hypertrophy group (TG); 9.0 years old, seven boys) and a comparison group (CG) of 20 patients without tonsil hyperplasia (comparison group; 9.4 years old, 10 boys). Cone-beam computed tomography and CFD data were used to assess the effects of palatine tonsil hypertrophy on pharyngeal airway ventilation, tongue posture, and morphology of the maxillofacial dentition.

Results

The TG exhibited significantly greater depth, narrower width, smaller cross-sectional area of the pharyngeal airway, and narrower maxillary dental arch with Class II than the CG. Additionally, the tongue was positioned significantly more anteriorly and inferiorly in the TG than that in the CG.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils narrows the pharyngeal airway, resulting in a smaller cross-sectional area. Widening of the pharyngeal airway may occur due to compensatory anterior displacement of the tongue to prevent ventilation obstruction. This may decrease palatal support, disturbing the pressure balance of the maxillary molar region between the buccal and palatal sides and resulting in lateral undergrowth of the maxillary bone and narrowing of the maxillary dental arch.

Giant cell fibroma (GCF), a benign fibrous proliferation, represents about 4.7% of all benign/reactive fibrous growths in the oral cavity. GCF preferentially affects Caucasians, with a peak incidence in the third decade of life, and slight female predilection. Clinically, small gingival nodules (about 1.0 cm in diameter) are often observed. Herein, we report a 5-year-old girl who was referred for evaluation of a pedunculated nodule on the gingiva, resembling a human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated papillary lesion clinically and microscopically. HPV was not detected by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analysis in the excised surgical specimen. Thus, the lesion was diagnosed as GCF. Papillary surface projections are rarely described in GCF, but it should be included in its clinicopathological spectrum, especially in pediatric patients.

Objectives

White spot lesions (WSLs) are frequently observed on young permanent teeth. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the remineralizing effect of paste and a mouthguard containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler by observing and measuring lesion area.

Materials and methods

A total of 14 children (age range, 8–16 years) with WSLs involving 74 teeth attending Asahi University Medical & Dental Center were examined. Color- and size-matching stickers (Cas Match™, Bear Medic) were photographed with involved teeth. Mouthguards made of an S-PRG filler-containing ethylene-vinyl acetate sheet (sample; SHOFU) with S-PRG filler-containing paste (PRG Pro-Care Gel®; SHOFU) (PRG MG-Paste group) or without paste (PRG MG group; control) were applied to WSLs at bedtime.

Results

No teeth required restoration due to caries progression during the experimental period. Mean reductions in lesion area at 6 months after treatment in the PRG MG-Paste group and PRG MG group were 1.66 ± 1.84 mm² and 0.81 ± 1.27 mm², respectively. Significant differences were observed between groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference in area reduction was seen between kinds of teeth involved, although significant differences in area reduction were observed among individual subjects.

Conclusion

These results suggest that combined use of S-PRG filler-containing paste and a mouthguard is effective for remineralization of WSLs observed on numerous teeth.

Aim

We have previously reported that questionnaires and tongue pressure measurements are useful in the study of developmental insufficiency of oral function (DIOF). This study aimed to characterize the masticatory muscle activity of DIOF in children using electromyography to contribute to the future diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Methods

This study included 41 children (16 boys and 25 girls) aged 5–6 years. A cordless electromyograph was attached to the shallow masseter muscle, and the participants freely chewed the chewing check gum 60 times in the chair-sitting position. The activity of the masseter muscle was recorded for 60 bites.

Results

The chewing cycle, maximal peak interval, and right-sided masseter muscle were found to be predominantly lower in the DIOF group than in the non-DIOF group. No significant differences were observed in the duration of chewing time and chewing interval between the two groups.

Conclusions

The electromyography measurements, as well as the comparison of muscle activity between the working and non-working sides, were found to be useful for the evaluation and treatment of DIOF.

Objectives

To examine the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and utilization and delay of dental care among children.

Methods

Using data from the 2018–2019 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 53,963) we examined the association between ACEs and 1) dental health; 2) use of dental care; 3) use of preventive dental care; 4) delaying needed dental care. Logistic regressions were used to calculate odds of each outcome, with nine ACEs and the cumulative number of ACEs as the independent variables each in separate models.

Results

After accounting for confounders, most ACEs were associated with higher odds of having poorer dental health. Similarly, most ACEs were associated with lower odds of using dental care and higher odds of delaying needed dental care.

Conclusions

This study expands the research showing a deleterious impact of ACEs on utilization of health care by showing that dental care is also adversely impacted. Efforts must be undertaken to improve access to dental care for children with a history of ACEs.

Introduction/aim

Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS), including Fanconi anemia (FA), Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) and congenital neutropenia (CN), are rare diseases related to impaired hematopoiesis in different hematopoietic cell lineages in the bone marrow. Oral health may be impaired in these patients related to the disease itself, due to cytopenia, or related to the drugs the patients use, such as glucocorticoids. The present research was aimed to present the oral health status of patients with IBMFS.

Methods

This descriptive study was conducted with 27 children and adolescents (11 FA,9 DBA,7 CN). The data was collected via a structured and pre-tested questionnaire and by oral-dental examination clinically and, if needed, radiographically. Dental caries was evaluated with “Decayed, Missing, Filled Tooth/Surface indices (dmft/s, DMFT/S)” and “International-Caries-Detection-and-Evaluation-System-(ICDAS-II)”. The patients' oral hygiene and gingival health status were recorded with “plaque and gingival index”, respectively. Statistical analysis was carried out by using Statistical-Package-for-the-Social-Sciences-Version-20.0.

Results

Of all groups, 54% were found to have no regular teeth brushing habits; 21 patients (77.8%) had initial or cavitated dental caries according to ICDAS–II–index-system. There are various oral mucosal lesions (aphthous lesions, dry chipped lips, angular cheilitis, leukoplakia, hairy and geographic tongue) and dental abnormalities (microdontia, taurodontism, rotation, ankylosis, hypoplastic teeth, germ deficiency, cingulum hypertropia, dens invaginatus, pulp stones) were detected.

Conclusions

Extensive dental caries, gingival inflammation and inadequate oral hygiene status, showed the necessity of early dental visits. Adopting regular dental counseling as part of the multi-disciplinary team approach for patients with IBMFS is necessary to ensure better general and oral health.

Objectives

To assess the erosive potential of commonly used beverages on the surface micro-hardness and ultra-structure of deciduous teeth enamel.

Materials and methods

A total of 52 human extracted deciduous molars were subjected to erosive challenge by cyclic immersion in four beverages: G1: artificial saliva, G2: strawberry-flavored milk, G3: orange juice, and G4: carbonated drink-Pepsi, for a 28- day pH cycling protocol. The enamel surface micro-hardness (SMH), and surface topography using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were assessed at baseline, after two- and four-weeks of the erosive challenge. The SMH findings were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program at p ≤ 0.05 significance.

Results

The pH of G4 and G3 showed significantly highly acidic pH. Both G4 and G3 showed the lowest SMH by four-week erosive challenge. By two-week erosive challenge, groups were ranked according to SMH as follows; G4 <G3 <G2 <G1. However, SMH of both G4 and G3 yielded significantly lower values compared to G2 and G1 by four weeks. The SEM of G4 and G3 depicted advanced alteration of surface enamel with increased erosive challenge exposure time.

Conclusion

Carbonated soft drink (Pepsi) and orange juice showed high erosive potentiality affecting the enamel surface of deciduous teeth while milk-based beverage showed no difference from the artificial saliva.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical localization of mandibular lingula in children aged between 6 and 18.

Methods

In this study, 192 children were included. Patients were divided into three groups according to the age range as follows: aged 6 to 9, aged 9 to 13 and aged 14 to 18. cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for linear measurements. Six reference points were measured to lingula in the study: posterior, anterior and inferior aspect of the ramus, sigmoid notch, occlusal plane and distal aspect of the first molar.

Results

In children aged 6–9 years, 10–13 years and 14–18 years; mean distances to the distal surface of the mandibular first molar were 23.27 mm, 28.71 mm, 36.26 mm, respectively. The lingula moved in a superior direction with age. Mean distance to the occlusal plane were 0.575 mm, 0.96 mm, 2.61 mm in patients aged 6–9 years, 10–13 years, 14–18 years; respectively. Mean distances from the sigmoid notch among children at 6–9 age, 10–13 age and 14–18 age were found to be 14.49 mm, 17.81 mm and 19.62 mm; respectively.

Conclusion

Mandibular lingula was nearly the same level with occlusal plane aged between 6 and 14 (0.77 mm). In children 14–18 aged, lingula was approximately 2.61 mm above the occlusal plane. The parameters were found to be different in gender. It was found that the measurements were higher in males.