Pediatric Dental Journal最新文献

Introduction

The possible association between Candida carriage in children and childhood caries has not been elucidated in the Japanese population. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, maternal relatedness, and genotypic distribution of Candida albicans in this population.

Materials and methods

We collected dental plaque samples from 55 mother-child pairs in the Caries group and 25 pairs in the caries-free (CF) group to analyze microbial data (carriage and viable counts), focusing on Streptococcus mutans and C. albicans. Clinically isolated 118 Candida strains were further evaluated using arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.

Results

A higher C. albicans carriage rate was observed in the Caries pairs (25.5 % in children, 47.3 % in mothers) than in CF pairs (0 % in children, 24.0 % in mothers). The viable counts of S. mutans were significantly higher in the Caries group than in the CF group (p < 0.05). In addition, S. mutans counts positively correlated with C. albicans counts in the dental plaque of caries-affected children (r = 0.549). Almost all Candida-positive children (92.9 %) were diagnosed with severe early childhood caries, and 79.7 % of Candida isolates from the mother-child pairs were similar at the strain level. C. albicans genotype A was the most predominant (70.6 %) strain, followed by genotype D (17.6 %) in dental plaques from children in the Caries group.

Conclusions

The presence of C. albicans is a risk factor for childhood caries in a Japanese population. Our findings provide new insights into maternal-child oral health instructions based on microbial factors associated with dental caries.

Aim

The trial aimed to compare the gingival health and clinical performance of prefabricated zirconia crown (PZC) versus resin-bonded composite strip crowns (RCSC) in the restoration of primary maxillary incisors over 36-month.

Materials and methods

A parallel randomized controlled trial included 200 maxillary primary incisors (100 teeth per group) restored either with PZCs or RSCS. The gingival health and plaque accumulation were assessed using gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) respectively. To evaluate the clinical performance, the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria were used. Intergroup comparison was performed using a Chi-square test. Restoration longevity was assessed over the predetermined intervals using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) with robust standard errors was used to test the effect of time over the changes of repeated measures. The significance level was set to 5%.

Results

The gingival health around PZCs is significantly better than that of RCSCs after 6 months. However, at the following follow-ups, GI scores of both restorations were comparable (p > 0.05). All PZCs showed no plaque accumulation with a significant difference compared to the RCSCs over the follow-up intervals. The clinical performance of PZCs was significantly superior to that of RCSCs over the follow-ups in terms of retention and anatomical contour after 24 and 36 months. The survival rates of PZC and RCSC were 100% and 87% respectively.

Conclusions

After 36 months, the gingival health of PZC and RCSC was comparable. The retention and anatomical continuity of PZC were superior compared to RCSC.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and presentation patterns of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in Brazilian children.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out with 715 individuals aged 8–17 years. MIH was diagnosed according to European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria, using intraoral photographs. Data were analysed using Chi Square and Pearson's Correlation tests at α = 0.05.

Results

The prevalence of MIH was 15.66 %. Mild defects represented by demarcated yellow and brown opacities comprised 83.5 % of the total MIH lesions and the severity of MIH lesions increased significantly as age increased. The average number of first molars affected by MIH per child was 2.26, and 36 children (32.14 %) had at least one affected incisor. With the increase of affected molars, the number of incisors with opacities showed an obvious increasing. The maxillary left first molar was the most affected tooth, and the maxillary central incisors were the anterior teeth most frequently affected by MIH.

Conclusion

The prevalence of MIH was within the range of published studies and the severity of the defects was mostly mild.

Background

Reparative giant cell granuloma (RGCG) is a benign lesion with common gnathic expression in young patients. It is divided into aggressive and non-aggressive forms based on clinical and radiological features.

Case presentation

This is a case report of reparative granuloma of the maxilla in a six-year-old child who presented with asymptomatic gingival overgrowth in the maxillary teeth region which was surgically excised. An aggressive recurrence was noted eight months after excision, which was then excised with wider margins under general anesthesia. The case was finally diagnosed as the central type of RGCG with no further recurrence up till 36 months follow up.

Conclusion

Early recognition of RGCG is key to avoiding eventual demolitive outcomes. The complete wide excision of such lesions minimizes the chances of recurrence.

Introduction and aim

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical success and parental satisfaction of zirconia crowns (Kids-e-crowns™) with preformed stainless-steel crowns (3M™ ESPE) in the restoration of primary first and second molars.

Materials and methods

This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed as a split-mouth study. 100 teeth in 47 children aged between 3 and 7 years were selected and randomly assigned in two groups, each group containing 50 teeth. Restorations were evaluated at 24 h, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months recall appointments examining the following criteria-restoration failure, marginal integrity, gingival health, plaque accumulation, occlusion, opposing tooth wear and parental satisfaction.

Results

The performance of both the groups was comparable in terms of restoration failure, marginal integrity, gingival health, occlusion, opposing tooth wear. However, plaque accumulation was significantly higher in stainless-steel crowns than zirconia crowns.

Conclusion

Two year follow-up indicated that preformed zirconia crowns are an excellent aesthetic alternative to stainless-steel crowns as full coronal restorations in the paediatric population.

Objective

Hyperglycemia damages periodontal tissues by several mechanisms, primarily via dysregulated cytokine production. However, studies examining the relationship between cytokine levels, periodontal status, and diabetes-related parameters in teenage Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients are scarce. This investigation aimed to determine the levels of cytokines such as IL-33, IL-22, IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in the saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of T1DM teens and correlate these values with the patients’ periodontal health and DM-related parameters such as FBG, HbA1c, and diabetes duration.

Material and methods

Saliva, GCF samples and full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 40 T1DM and 40 non-diabetic teenagers. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-33 levels were analyzed by ELISA.

Results

Clinical bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal probing depth measures did not differ between the groups. The plaque and gingival index, as well as saliva and GCF levels of all cytokines tested were found to be comparatively higher in the cases. Correlations were detected between the duration of DM and salivary IL-17 and IL-33 levels, between FBG and GCF IL-17 levels, and between BOP and salivary IL-33 levels. Salivary IL-17 and IL-33 levels showed significant correlation solely with the duration of DM.

Conclusions

IL-33 and IL-17 appear to be a potent combination of cytokines in regulating salivary composition over time in Type I diabetic teens. A better understanding of the time-dependent release of salivary cytokines in Type I diabetic teens may help develop treatment strategies and improve oral health.

Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental malformation caused by infolding of enamel and dentin toward the pulp cavity. A deep foramen cecum or unusual crown morphology is often seen in the area of affected teeth, which re most frequently in maxillary lateral incisors. DI is often associated with occurrence of internal caries without the clear symptoms and occasionally causes the pulp death, thus early diagnosis and treatment are important, as well as schedule follow-up examinations. Report here is a child aged 9 years 5 months with DI in the maxillary left lateral incisor. Based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings, the case was diagnosed as pulp necrosis and acute periapical abscess related to Oehlers type I DI. Endodontic treatment in consideration of the affected immature tooth and canal filling with calcium hydroxide paste were performed. Post-procedure CBCT imaging showed deposition of a calcified mass in the canal and reduced apical radiolucency, suggesting a favorable treatment outcome. Careful clinical and radiographic examinations should be conducted to identify DI and manage affected patients.

Background

Studies have demonstrated high success rates of vital pulp therapy (VPT) in young patients; however, pulp canal calcification (PCC) is one of the most concerning complications in teeth that have undergone VPT. Currently, there is limited evidence regarding PCC in VPT-treated teeth.

Objective

This paper aimed to review the incidence of PCC and its associated complications, the factors that may influence PCC, and describe the clinical management of PCC in teeth that have undergone VPT.

Results

Previous studies have reported PCC incidences of 0%–45.0%, and factors that may be associated with the incidence and magnitude of PCC include preoperative diagnosis of the tooth, stage of root development, type of VPT, pulp dressing material, and follow-up period. However, the evidence on the complications of PCC in VPT-treated teeth is insufficient, and there is debate regarding PCC management.

Conclusions

Further research in this area will aid in the development of appropriate management strategies for PCC in VPT-treated teeth.

Objective

To evaluate the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors associated with hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) in four to seven-year-old children.

Methods

This cross-sectional study comprised 300 children (100 with HSPM and 200 controls). Four-to-seven-year-old children were selected after examining for the presence of demarcated hypomineralised lesions in second primary molars using an adapted version of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria 2003. Children who exhibited signs of HSPM were selected as the subjects HSPM group), and those children without HSPM were taken as controls. Only patients with documented medical records were included to evaluate the possible risk factors. Information regarding the children's maternal health during pregnancy and postnatal health was recorded using a structured proforma.

Results

Mothers suffering from systemic illnesses during pregnancy were significantly more in the HSPM group than controls (61% vs. 13.5%; p < 0.001). Presence of early childhood illnesses (80% vs. 19.0%; p < 0.001), hospital admission more than once in three months (45% vs. 4.5%; p < 0.001), and frequent intake of antibiotics (42% vs. 4.0%; p < 0.001) were significantly more in children with HSPM than the controls.

Conclusion

A significant association between maternal illnesses during pregnancy and HSPM was observed. Children with HSPM experienced more medical conditions than their unaffected counterparts, particularly during the post-natal period.

Background

Escobar Syndrome is an extremely rare disease. In this syndrome, specific craniofacial findings can be found. These findings may lead to dental pathologies. In the literature, information about the dental treatment processes of these patients is very limited.

Case Presentation

We present a case of an 8-year-old boy diagnosed with Escobar Syndrome was referred to us because of toothache and multiple caries. The patient's restorative treatment processes and dental preservation methods were planned. This planning and treatment was planned in accordance with the unique characteristics of the patient's disease.

Conclusion

As a result, we believe that it is important for our colleagues to plan the treatment processes of rare diseases specific to the individual and to share this process.