Hypodontia can be defined as the developmental absence of one or more teeth, excluding third molars. It can affect both primary and permanent dentitions and lead to challenges in aesthetics, speech and masticatory function as well as emotional and social wellbeing.
Objective
This review will explore the background to hypodontia and assess its impact on the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children.
Results
There is limited literature that assesses the OHRQoL in younger age groups with hypodontia (<11 years of age) and the effect of oral rehabilitation on OHRQoL in children. Conclusions: Further research on the impact of treatment on patient satisfaction and the OHRQoL in children during their mixed dentition phase is necessary to guide the development of management strategies tailored to the unique needs of children with hypodontia.
{"title":"Review of hypodontia and its impact on oral health related quality of life in children","authors":"Angel Rauniyar , Jad Clarke , Constance Law , Neeta Prabhu","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypodontia can be defined as the developmental absence of one or more teeth, excluding third molars. It can affect both primary and permanent dentitions and lead to challenges in aesthetics, speech and masticatory function as well as emotional and social wellbeing.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review will explore the background to hypodontia and assess its impact on the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There is limited literature that assesses the OHRQoL in younger age groups with hypodontia (<11 years of age) and the effect of oral rehabilitation on OHRQoL in children. <em>Conclusions</em>: Further research on the impact of treatment on patient satisfaction and the OHRQoL in children during their mixed dentition phase is necessary to guide the development of management strategies tailored to the unique needs of children with hypodontia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100364
Sofía Díaz Abarza, Dominga Ladevig Concha
Objective
To systematically identify and summarise clinical evidence on the use of bioresorbable plates for rigid internal fixation in pediatric mandibular fractures. The study aims to characterise the materials used, evaluate complication and reintervention rates, and assess radiographic and functional outcomes to determine the clinical safety and effectiveness of these systems in patients under 18 years of age.
Introduction
Resorbable plates have emerged as an alternative to metal fixation in paediatric mandibular fractures to obviate secondary removal surgery and reduce implant-related complications.
Method
ology: Scoping review according to PRISMA-ScR. PubMed/MEDLINE and Epistemonikos (2010–2025) were consulted for clinical studies using resorbable implants in internal fixation. Data were extracted on design, sample size, age, sex, fracture location, implant composition, thermoforming, resorption time, complications, reinterventions, duration of follow-up, imaging modalities and clinical outcomes.
Results
Eleven studies with 203 patients (mean age ≈ 7.5 years; 62 % male) were included. Fractures mainly involved symphysis/parasymphysis (42 %) and mandibular body (27 %).The most commonly used materials were poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) (34.5 %), INION CPS™ multipolymer systems (composed of biodegradable copolymer blends, including poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA), poly-dl-lactic acid (PDLLA), and trimethylene carbonate (TMC)) (31.5 %) and poly-l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) (19.7 %); 45 % of the plates were thermoformed. The overall complication rate was 3.2 % (mainly transient paraesthesia and implant exposure) and the reoperation rate was 1.3 %. Radiographic follow-up was universal, with durations ranging from 3 months to 5 years. All studies reported bone healing; most described favourable functional results in mastication, occlusion and facial symmetry.
Conclusion
Resorbable plates proved to be safe and effective in paediatric mandibular fractures, with low complication and reoperation rates and good radiographic and functional outcomes. However, methodological heterogeneity and lack of randomised trials call for standardised protocols and more rigorous studies.
{"title":"Resorbable materials in rigid internal fixation of pediatric mandibular fractures: A scoping review","authors":"Sofía Díaz Abarza, Dominga Ladevig Concha","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically identify and summarise clinical evidence on the use of bioresorbable plates for rigid internal fixation in pediatric mandibular fractures. The study aims to characterise the materials used, evaluate complication and reintervention rates, and assess radiographic and functional outcomes to determine the clinical safety and effectiveness of these systems in patients under 18 years of age.</div></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Resorbable plates have emerged as an alternative to metal fixation in paediatric mandibular fractures to obviate secondary removal surgery and reduce implant-related complications.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>ology: Scoping review according to PRISMA-ScR. PubMed/MEDLINE and Epistemonikos (2010–2025) were consulted for clinical studies using resorbable implants in internal fixation. Data were extracted on design, sample size, age, sex, fracture location, implant composition, thermoforming, resorption time, complications, reinterventions, duration of follow-up, imaging modalities and clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eleven studies with 203 patients (mean age ≈ 7.5 years; 62 % male) were included. Fractures mainly involved symphysis/parasymphysis (42 %) and mandibular body (27 %).The most commonly used materials were poly-<span>l</span>-lactic acid (PLLA) (34.5 %), INION CPS™ multipolymer systems (composed of biodegradable copolymer blends, including poly-<span>l</span>-lactic acid (PLLA), poly-<span>dl</span>-lactic acid (PDLLA), and trimethylene carbonate (TMC)) (31.5 %) and poly-<span>l</span>-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) (19.7 %); 45 % of the plates were thermoformed. The overall complication rate was 3.2 % (mainly transient paraesthesia and implant exposure) and the reoperation rate was 1.3 %. Radiographic follow-up was universal, with durations ranging from 3 months to 5 years. All studies reported bone healing; most described favourable functional results in mastication, occlusion and facial symmetry.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Resorbable plates proved to be safe and effective in paediatric mandibular fractures, with low complication and reoperation rates and good radiographic and functional outcomes. However, methodological heterogeneity and lack of randomised trials call for standardised protocols and more rigorous studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to develop a novel resin-based coating material specifically for molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), with the dual purpose of reducing hypersensitivity and improving enamel discoloration.
Materials and methods
A modified version of Bio Coat Ca® (BC, Sun Medical, Shiga, Japan), a commercially available calcium-releasing resin coating material, was prepared by incorporating 0.5 %, 1.5 %, 3.0 %, or 5.0 % of white powder (WP). Enamel specimens were obtained from extracted human teeth and subjected to microtensile and shear bond strength tests to evaluate initial adhesion. Disk-shaped specimens were fabricated to assess hardness, elastic modulus, and calcium ion release. Color changes were evaluated using the CIE1976 Lab∗ color space system, which quantifies enamel color by lightness (ΔL∗), the red-green axis (Δa∗), the yellow-blue axis (Δb∗), and overall color difference (ΔE∗ab).
Results
Bond strength significantly decreased with 3.0–5.0 % white powder addition. In contrast, the 0.5 % and 1.5 % groups retained bond strength levels comparable to the original BC, indicating minimal impact on adhesion at lower concentrations. white powder addition led to increased hardness, elastic modulus, and calcium ion release, likely due to filler effects. ΔL values increased with higher white powder content, enhancing whiteness. In brownish enamel, 1.5–3.0 % formulations effectively masked discoloration, with significant ΔEab changes observed in the 3.0–5.0 % groups.
Conclusion
The 1.5 % white powder-modified BC maintained adhesive performance while providing effective masking of MIH-related discoloration. This formulation appears optimal for clinical application as an MIH-specific resin coating material.
{"title":"Development of resin-based coating materials specialized for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization","authors":"Takayuki Sanai , Yusuke Fujita , Yoshihito Kurashige , Akihiro Ichimura , Sayaka Sakakibara , Erika Minowa , Taisei Kato , Chiaki Kanakubo , Hiromu Takahashi , Shuichi Ito , Mina Hirose , Masato Saitoh","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to develop a novel resin-based coating material specifically for molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), with the dual purpose of reducing hypersensitivity and improving enamel discoloration.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A modified version of Bio Coat Ca® (BC, Sun Medical, Shiga, Japan), a commercially available calcium-releasing resin coating material, was prepared by incorporating 0.5 %, 1.5 %, 3.0 %, or 5.0 % of white powder (WP). Enamel specimens were obtained from extracted human teeth and subjected to microtensile and shear bond strength tests to evaluate initial adhesion. Disk-shaped specimens were fabricated to assess hardness, elastic modulus, and calcium ion release. Color changes were evaluated using the CIE1976 Lab∗ color space system, which quantifies enamel color by lightness (ΔL∗), the red-green axis (Δa∗), the yellow-blue axis (Δb∗), and overall color difference (ΔE∗ab).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Bond strength significantly decreased with 3.0–5.0 % white powder addition. In contrast, the 0.5 % and 1.5 % groups retained bond strength levels comparable to the original BC, indicating minimal impact on adhesion at lower concentrations. white powder addition led to increased hardness, elastic modulus, and calcium ion release, likely due to filler effects. ΔL values increased with higher white powder content, enhancing whiteness. In brownish enamel, 1.5–3.0 % formulations effectively masked discoloration, with significant ΔEab changes observed in the 3.0–5.0 % groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The 1.5 % white powder-modified BC maintained adhesive performance while providing effective masking of MIH-related discoloration. This formulation appears optimal for clinical application as an MIH-specific resin coating material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enostosis of the jaw bones may rarely cause tooth eruption disturbances.
Case presentation
A 9-year-old girl presented with a mandibular first premolar displaced distally by enostosis at the alveolar ridge between the canine and premolar, resulting in loss of eruption space for the second premolar. To reduce bone resistance, pinhole perforations were drilled into the enostosis. This allowed the eruptive force of the second premolar to effectively push the first premolar mesially, restoring space and enabling proper eruption.
Conclusion
This is the first reported successful use of the pinhole perforation technique to correct eruption disturbances caused by enostosis.
{"title":"Successful correction of tooth eruption disturbance caused by mandibular enostosis using a pinhole perforation technique","authors":"Asuna Sugimoto, Kokoro Iwata, Rika Kurogoushi, Tsutomu Iwamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Enostosis of the jaw bones may rarely cause tooth eruption disturbances.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 9-year-old girl presented with a mandibular first premolar displaced distally by enostosis at the alveolar ridge between the canine and premolar, resulting in loss of eruption space for the second premolar. To reduce bone resistance, pinhole perforations were drilled into the enostosis. This allowed the eruptive force of the second premolar to effectively push the first premolar mesially, restoring space and enabling proper eruption.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first reported successful use of the pinhole perforation technique to correct eruption disturbances caused by enostosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two cases of avulsed immature permanent maxillary central incisors in children were managed with immediate replantation and regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). Both cases showed long-term tooth preservation, apical healing, and functional retention without progressive root resorption. RET may offer a promising alternative to traditional apexification for traumatized immature teeth, supporting continued root development and favorable prognosis in challenging cases such as avulsion and replantation.
{"title":"Regenerative endodontic treatment following immediate replantation of avulsed immature permanent tooth: Two case reports","authors":"Sayaka Sakakibara, Yusuke Fujita, Erika Minowa, Taisei Kato, Yoshihito Kurashige, Masato Saitoh","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two cases of avulsed immature permanent maxillary central incisors in children were managed with immediate replantation and regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). Both cases showed long-term tooth preservation, apical healing, and functional retention without progressive root resorption. RET may offer a promising alternative to traditional apexification for traumatized immature teeth, supporting continued root development and favorable prognosis in challenging cases such as avulsion and replantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100360
Itaru Komine , Yuta Chiba , Hiroshi Sato , Sae Oka , Keigo Yoshizaki , Aya Yamada , Satoshi Fukumoto
Objectives
Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and shows various phenotype in organs. The patients often suffer dental anomalies such as hypodontia and enamel hypoplasia, however, the mechanism of dental anomalies associated to Down syndrome remains unclear. To clarify the details of the dental phenotype of Down syndrome, we performed RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) of dental pulp stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous tooth (SHED).
Materials and methods
Three children with Down syndrome were selected as the patient group, and three healthy children were selected as the control group. Dental pulp was collected from extracted teeth during the replacement period between the ages of 5 and 8, and SHED was cultured. RT-qPCR was used to confirm whether there was a difference in the expression level of the gene on chromosome 21. MTT assay and colony formation assay was performed to examine cell proliferation ability. RNA-seq was performed to comprehensively analyze the gene expression difference between control group and Down syndrome group.
Results
SHED of control group and Down syndrome group showed no significant difference in cell shape and proliferation activity, while, the expression of COL6A1 was around 1.5-fold change upregulated in Down syndrome group, suggesting that the gene of chromosome 21 became trisomy. RNA-seq analyses revealed that the genes related to organ morphogenesis were upregulated. Furthermore, several genes important for tooth development was raised as significantly upregulated genes.
Conclusion
Genetic analysis using SHED was considered a useful tool for elucidating the mechanisms of dental anomalies in Down syndrome.
{"title":"Characterization of gene expression profile of dental pulp stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in down syndrome","authors":"Itaru Komine , Yuta Chiba , Hiroshi Sato , Sae Oka , Keigo Yoshizaki , Aya Yamada , Satoshi Fukumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and shows various phenotype in organs. The patients often suffer dental anomalies such as hypodontia and enamel hypoplasia, however, the mechanism of dental anomalies associated to Down syndrome remains unclear. To clarify the details of the dental phenotype of Down syndrome, we performed RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) of dental pulp stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous tooth (SHED).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Three children with Down syndrome were selected as the patient group, and three healthy children were selected as the control group. Dental pulp was collected from extracted teeth during the replacement period between the ages of 5 and 8, and SHED was cultured. RT-qPCR was used to confirm whether there was a difference in the expression level of the gene on chromosome 21. MTT assay and colony formation assay was performed to examine cell proliferation ability. RNA-seq was performed to comprehensively analyze the gene expression difference between control group and Down syndrome group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SHED of control group and Down syndrome group showed no significant difference in cell shape and proliferation activity, while, the expression of COL6A1 was around 1.5-fold change upregulated in Down syndrome group, suggesting that the gene of chromosome 21 became trisomy. RNA-seq analyses revealed that the genes related to organ morphogenesis were upregulated. Furthermore, several genes important for tooth development was raised as significantly upregulated genes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Genetic analysis using SHED was considered a useful tool for elucidating the mechanisms of dental anomalies in Down syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 100360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100363
Nahawand Koum , Mazen Musa , Riham Awad , Salma Izeldin , Qingyu Guo , Ning Dong
Aim
This scoping review assessed the performance of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) in avulsed immature permanent teeth, which presented a significant challenge in dental trauma management. This scoping review aims to evaluate RET outcomes, protocols, complications, and effectiveness in avulsed immature permanent teeth, identifying research gaps to advance clinical application.
Materials and methods
The review encompassed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct, spanning over 20 years, supplemented by snowball searching. Full-text articles in any language were eligible if they were randomized/non-randomized clinical trials or prospective/retrospective cohort studies with at least 12 months of follow-up, following the PCC framework. Data were extracted using standardized forms, including author(s), publication year, study origin, aim, sample size, intervention protocol, follow-up, outcome measures, and measurement methods.
Results
Of the 1623 records reviewed, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies, involving 82 avulsed immature anterior teeth, demonstrated an overall success rate of 44 % (36/82) over a minimum 12-month follow-up, with success defined by periapical radiolucency resolution and positive root development. The included studies showed significant variability in RET protocols, with calcium hydroxide as the primary intracanal medicament, blood clot as the main scaffold, and 17 % (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) EDTA with saline as the most common irrigation method. Notably, extra-alveolar time and storage conditions significantly influenced outcomes, with replantation within 60 min using a physiological medium yielding the best results.
Conclusion
While RET demonstrates approximately 44 % success in treating avulsed immature teeth, the variability in treatment protocols and the limited sample sizes in current studies highlight the need for more extensive research and standardized protocols to validate its use by dental practitioners.
目的评价再生牙髓治疗（RET）对未成熟恒牙撕脱的治疗效果，这是牙外伤治疗的一个重大挑战。本综述旨在评估RET治疗未成熟恒牙撕脱的结果、方案、并发症和有效性，确定研究空白以推进临床应用。材料和方法本综述包括PubMed、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、Web of Science、Scopus和Science Direct的综合检索，时间跨度超过20年，辅以滚雪球式检索。任何语言的全文文章，只要是随机/非随机临床试验或前瞻性/回顾性队列研究，随访至少12个月，符合PCC框架。采用标准化表格提取数据，包括作者、出版年份、研究来源、目的、样本量、干预方案、随访、结果测量和测量方法。结果在1623份文献中，14项研究符合纳入标准。这些研究涉及82颗被撕脱的未成熟前牙，在至少12个月的随访中，总体成功率为44%(36/82)，成功的定义是根尖周放射性分辨率的分辨率和积极的牙根发育。纳入的研究显示RET方案存在显著差异，以氢氧化钙作为主要的管内药物，血凝块作为主要支架，17%（乙二胺四乙酸）EDTA加生理盐水作为最常见的冲洗方法。值得注意的是，肺泡外时间和储存条件显著影响结果，使用生理介质在60分钟内再植效果最佳。结论：虽然RET治疗未成熟撕脱牙的成功率约为44%，但目前研究中治疗方案的可变性和有限的样本量表明，需要进行更广泛的研究和标准化的方案，以验证牙科医生的使用。
{"title":"Regenerative endodontic treatment in avulsed immature permanent teeth: A scoping review","authors":"Nahawand Koum , Mazen Musa , Riham Awad , Salma Izeldin , Qingyu Guo , Ning Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This scoping review assessed the performance of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) in avulsed immature permanent teeth, which presented a significant challenge in dental trauma management. This scoping review aims to evaluate RET outcomes, protocols, complications, and effectiveness in avulsed immature permanent teeth, identifying research gaps to advance clinical application.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The review encompassed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct, spanning over 20 years, supplemented by snowball searching. Full-text articles in any language were eligible if they were randomized/non-randomized clinical trials or prospective/retrospective cohort studies with at least 12 months of follow-up, following the PCC framework. Data were extracted using standardized forms, including author(s), publication year, study origin, aim, sample size, intervention protocol, follow-up, outcome measures, and measurement methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 1623 records reviewed, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies, involving 82 avulsed immature anterior teeth, demonstrated an overall success rate of 44 % (36/82) over a minimum 12-month follow-up, with success defined by periapical radiolucency resolution and positive root development. The included studies showed significant variability in RET protocols, with calcium hydroxide as the primary intracanal medicament, blood clot as the main scaffold, and 17 % (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) EDTA with saline as the most common irrigation method. Notably, extra-alveolar time and storage conditions significantly influenced outcomes, with replantation within 60 min using a physiological medium yielding the best results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While RET demonstrates approximately 44 % success in treating avulsed immature teeth, the variability in treatment protocols and the limited sample sizes in current studies highlight the need for more extensive research and standardized protocols to validate its use by dental practitioners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100362
Melissa D. Porter , Kristin Smith , Rashawn Jackson , Mirissa Price , Zaid H. Khoury
Noonan syndrome (NS) and Costello syndrome (CS) are autosomal dominant anomalies belonging to the RASopathies; a group of disorders characterized by germline mutations of the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway. Although each RASopathy is unique, overlapping phenotypic features have been reported due to the common signaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis of these syndromes. Collectively, RASopathies’ incidence is about 1: 1000 births. Hallmark overlapping features of these disorders include distinctive maxillofacial deformities, developmental delays, mental deficiencies, and congenital heart defects. Dentoalveolar manifestations consist of high arched palates, gum disease, severe dental caries, malocclusions, enamel defects, and micrognathia. This case report highlights the rarity of these syndromes, clinical features of a recent case, as well as oral health management and maintenance along with a literature review.
{"title":"Oral and maxillofacial manifestations of Noonan and Costello overlap syndrome: A case report and literature review","authors":"Melissa D. Porter , Kristin Smith , Rashawn Jackson , Mirissa Price , Zaid H. Khoury","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noonan syndrome (NS) and Costello syndrome (CS) are autosomal dominant anomalies belonging to the RASopathies; a group of disorders characterized by germline mutations of the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway. Although each RASopathy is unique, overlapping phenotypic features have been reported due to the common signaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis of these syndromes. Collectively, RASopathies’ incidence is about 1: 1000 births. Hallmark overlapping features of these disorders include distinctive maxillofacial deformities, developmental delays, mental deficiencies, and congenital heart defects. Dentoalveolar manifestations consist of high arched palates, gum disease, severe dental caries, malocclusions, enamel defects, and micrognathia. This case report highlights the rarity of these syndromes, clinical features of a recent case, as well as oral health management and maintenance along with a literature review.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tooth discoloration following trauma in primary dentition is a clinical indicator of potential pulpal pathology This study aims to assess the histological status of pulpal health in discolored traumatized primary incisors and its correlation with discoloration types.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 pediatric outpatients (ages 3–7 years) between July 2021 and December 2022. Demographic details, time elapsed after trauma (TET), presence of symptoms, and discoloration type (Yellow, Grey, Pink, or Red) were documented. The extracted pulp tissue samples underwent histopathological assessment and were classified as: Normal/Healthy Pulp, Inflamed Pulp, Partial Necrosis, or Complete Necrosis. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test with a 95% significance threshold.
Results
Greyish discoloration was the most prevalent (87%), followed by pink (11%) and yellow (2%). Most cases (89%) were clinically asymptomatic, with 56.36% reported within six months of trauma. Histopathological examination revealed partial necrosis (42%), complete necrosis (38%), and inflammation (20%) in all discolored teeth. Despite these findings, no statistically significant correlation was established between discoloration type, histopathological pulp status, and TET (p>0.05).
Conclusion
(s): Greyish discoloration frequently coincides with pulpal necrosis. However, given study limitations, endodontic treatment should be guided by clinical and radiographic assessments rather than discoloration alone.
{"title":"Histopathological evaluation of pulpal health in traumatized discoloured primary incisors: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Revathy Viswanathan , Dhanraj Kalaivanan , Sujatha Anandan","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective(s)</h3><div>Tooth discoloration following trauma in primary dentition is a clinical indicator of potential pulpal pathology This study aims to assess the histological status of pulpal health in discolored traumatized primary incisors and its correlation with discoloration types.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 pediatric outpatients (ages 3–7 years) between July 2021 and December 2022. Demographic details, time elapsed after trauma (TET), presence of symptoms, and discoloration type (Yellow, Grey, Pink, or Red) were documented. The extracted pulp tissue samples underwent histopathological assessment and were classified as: Normal/Healthy Pulp, Inflamed Pulp, Partial Necrosis, or Complete Necrosis. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test with a 95% significance threshold.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Greyish discoloration was the most prevalent (87%), followed by pink (11%) and yellow (2%). Most cases (89%) were clinically asymptomatic, with 56.36% reported within six months of trauma. Histopathological examination revealed partial necrosis (42%), complete necrosis (38%), and inflammation (20%) in all discolored teeth. Despite these findings, no statistically significant correlation was established between discoloration type, histopathological pulp status, and TET (p>0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>(s): Greyish discoloration frequently coincides with pulpal necrosis. However, given study limitations, endodontic treatment should be guided by clinical and radiographic assessments rather than discoloration alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100349
Megumi Sawaguchi, Shohei Oshima, Yasutaka Yawaka
Moebius syndrome (MS) is a rare, non-progressive, congenital neuromuscular disease that affects the oral and maxillofacial region. MS is characterized by bilateral or unilateral palsy of the abducens and facial nerves, specifically cranial nerves VI and VII. Orofacial manifestations include facial weakness, a hypoplastic upper lip, microstomia, dropping corners of the mouth, mandibular hypoplasia, a high-arched palate, tongue malformation, and an open bite.
Here, we present a case of repeated lower lip bite wounds in a patient with MS. In addition, severe luxation of a primary tooth, self-inflicted palate injuries, and tongue-bite wounds were observed. However, this case was particularly difficult to treat. Despite the diverse oral features reported in Moebius syndrome, oral trauma due to self-injury is rare.
{"title":"A difficult case of treatment for lower lip bite wound in Moebius syndrome: A case report","authors":"Megumi Sawaguchi, Shohei Oshima, Yasutaka Yawaka","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2025.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moebius syndrome (MS) is a rare, non-progressive, congenital neuromuscular disease that affects the oral and maxillofacial region. MS is characterized by bilateral or unilateral palsy of the abducens and facial nerves, specifically cranial nerves VI and VII. Orofacial manifestations include facial weakness, a hypoplastic upper lip, microstomia, dropping corners of the mouth, mandibular hypoplasia, a high-arched palate, tongue malformation, and an open bite.</div><div>Here, we present a case of repeated lower lip bite wounds in a patient with MS. In addition, severe luxation of a primary tooth, self-inflicted palate injuries, and tongue-bite wounds were observed. However, this case was particularly difficult to treat. Despite the diverse oral features reported in Moebius syndrome, oral trauma due to self-injury is rare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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