Pediatric Dental Journal最新文献

Objectives

To evaluate antimicrobial properties and smear layer removal efficiency of various plant extracts and apple cider vinegar (AV).

Methods

A total of 112 primary molars roots were randomly divided into two groups (n = 56) for antimicrobial test and infected with E faecalis and Candida albicans then divided again into 7 groups (n = 8) as physiological saline (PS), NaOCI, white tea (WT), Helichrysum arenarium (HA), AV, Citrus lemon (CL), and Anzer thyme (AT). Disinfecting abilities were measured with ImageJ. In the smear layer removal efficiency test, prepared 70 roots were divided into 7 groups (n = 10) as in the antimicrobial test also 2 subgroups were designed as with or without EDTA usage (n = 5). All samples were examined under SEM. Open dentin tubule percentage was evaluated with ImageJ.

Results

HA and CL showed higher antibacterial activity against E. faecalis than PS (p = 0.038, p = 0.009) Antifungal activity of AV against C. albicans was higher than saline (p < 0.001). AV in the coronal third and CL in the middle third removed more smear layer than saline and NaOCI (p < 0.05). In the coronal region, HA and AV showed similar smear layer removal efficacy to NaOCl + EDTA (p > 0.05). CL, HA, and AV presented statistically similar results to NaOCl + EDTA in smear layer removal efficacy in the middle region (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

CL and AV have antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis and C. albicans respectively and smear layer removal activity.

Objectives

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralization effects of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) sheet (sample; SHOFU) and paste (PRG Pro-Care Gel®; SHOFU) containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler.

Materials and methods

Extracted human premolars were decalcified to create subsurface carious lesions on the buccal side. Decalcified tooth specimens were then covered by EVA sheets with two different S-PRG filler contents either with application of paste (PRG MG-Paste and EVA MG-Paste groups) or without application of paste (PRG MG and EVA MG groups), then immersed in a remineralization solution. Control group teeth were not covered with any mouthguard and did not receive application of paste. Micro-CT (μCT) images of the teeth before and after the remineralization process were obtained to compare mineral gains. The percentage remineralization (%R) of each group was calculated using the mineral density (MD) profile from μCT. The microstructure of the tooth surface was observed under scanning electron microscopy, and constituent elements were examined using an electron probe micro-analyzer.

Results

The PRG MG group showed a significantly higher %R than the Control or EVA MG groups. The PRG MG-Paste group showed a significantly higher %R than the PRG MG group. In the PRG MG-Paste group, small precipitations were observed on tooth surface, and silica and aluminum were detected.

Conclusion

The combination use of S-PRG filler containing EVA sheet and PRG Pro-Care Gel exhibits a synergetic effect on remineralization of pre-cavitation carious lesions.

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate remineralization efficiency of hydroxyapatite (HA) containing dentifrices comparing to phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride (F) containing dentifrices using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDX).

Material and methods

3 × 3 mm² areas on the buccal surfaces of extracted primary second molars were divided vertically into 3 sections as demineralization, control and remineralization surfaces. Control surfaces (1/3 middle) coated without any application. 1/3 left and right surfaces were subjected to demineralization solution. After this application 1/3 right surfaces were coated as demineralization surfaces. Then teeth were randomly separated in 3 groups (n = 10): group HA (Natural toothpaste, Splat®, Russia); Group CPP-ACP (MI Paste ONE®, GC, U.S.); group F (Oral-B® Kids, Oral-B, Germany). 1/3 right surfaces were brushed with dentifrices twice a day for one week with pH cycle. Coatings were removed. Surface evaluations were conducted by SEM and EDX. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Both atomic (at%) and weight (wt%) percentages of P values were statistically significant for F group in remineralization surfaces comparing to demineralization surfaces. Ca at%, P at% and P wt% values were statistically significant for CPP-ACP group in remineralization surfaces. P at% and P wt% values for F group were higher in remineralization surfaces compared to all.

Conclusion

Remineralization was observed in all groups. Most homogeneous surface features were seen in group CPP-ACP.

Subcutaneous emphysema can occur during dental treatment. In this study, we describe a rare case in which subcutaneous emphysema has developed and extended to the sternum during the filling of a mandibular second molar in a 14-year-old girl. The patient was hospitalized immediately to prevent infection and was discharged 4 days later without infection or other complications. Subcutaneous emphysema extending to the sternum rarely occurs during routine dental procedures such as filling teeth. However, enlargement of subcutaneous emphysema can lead to fatal complications such as pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, tracheal compression, and mediastinitis. Serious risks are associated with inducing subcutaneous emphysema, and appropriate care is necessary immediately after its onset.

Aim

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between developmental disorders and oral function assessed using the mouth rinsing function test (MRFT).

Materials and methods

A total of 1147 children who underwent health checkups between 2014 and 2017 were included. We divided the patients into two groups based on their MRFT findings: good and poor oral function. We analyzed the associations between the outcomes of MRFT and other assessments using the chi-squared test and multiple variable logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of the 1147 participants, 346 (30.2%) were suspected of having developmental disorders, 951 (82.9%) had good oral function, and 196 (17.1%) had poor oral function. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences in developmental disorders and oral function. Children suspected of having developmental disorders had significantly poor oral function.

Conclusions

Dentists can detect early signs of developmental disorders using MRFT owing to its convenient performed in dental clinics. Developmental disorders possess spectrums of symptoms and various accompanying conditions; therefore, collaboration with other professionals is crucial for early screening and child support during their development.

Objectives

Genetic factors can be involved in dental caries as the most common chronic oral diseases. The association between polymorphism of MMP9, MMP13 and MMP20 genes with tooth decay has been studied but contradictory outcomes have been indicated. Thus, a meta-analysis was done to get comprehensive outcomes in this path.

Materials and methods

All articles in English by March 2022 were searched with correlated keywords from known database as PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science, and the articles were selected in several stages based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. Comprehensive meta-analysis software v.2.0 was used for Meta-analysis.

Results

Finally, 11 related articles were selected for meta-analysis. According to the results, MMP9 and MMP20 polymorphisms were not related with increased susceptibility to caries in the studied models, but in the case of MMP13, a significant association was observed between gene polymorphism and caries risk.

Conclusion

The results about MMP13 gene polymorphism showed that guanine G allele and GG genotype have a protective role and decrease the risk of dental caries. It should be noted that, these conclusions could be promoted by studies contain large sample sizes. Finding the genetic factors influencing tooth decay can help increase our current knowledge of caries pathology, predict its occurrence, and target genes at the molecular level to prevent it.

Introduction

While non-pharmacological behaviour management plays an important role in paediatric dentistry, it is not the solution for all children and a proportion will still require an adjunctive pharmacological approach such as local anaesthetic, relative analgesia or general anaesthetic (LA-RA-GA).

Aims

Paediatric conscious sedation at Newcastle Dental Hospital (NDH) is distinctive in that RA is provided by both the Child Dental Health (CDH) and Sedation (SED) departments. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the NDH paediatric sedation service and analyse the effect of various confounding factors involved in treatment.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional analysis forms part of a retrospective service evaluation of the inhalation sedation service provided by Newcastle Dental Hospital. Anonymised data were collected on 200 patients attending NDH (100 CDH, 100 SED) between September 2019 and March 2020. Data were cleaned manually and analysed using descriptive statistics, exploratory analysis with chi-squared tests and multivariable analyses (logistic regression) to identify any factors associated with failed RA appointments.

Results

Overall success for the NDH paediatric inhalation sedation service was 90.5%; CDH %/n = 89%, SED %/n = 92. There was a significant association between a failed RA appointment and no RA experience, a mother attending as chaperone and patients being under six years old. The odds of failure in an afternoon appointment were 1.6 times higher than a morning appointment, and girls were 1.5 times more likely than boys to have a failed RA appointment.

Conclusion

Dental treatment under combined RA and LA is a successful technique for managing mild-to-moderately anxious paediatric patients. Careful patient selection, based on patient cooperation at the initial consultation, alongside an episode of acclimatisation, may help increase treatment success rates.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varied etching time on etch pattern and etch depth with 1% phytic acid in primary teeth.

Materials and methods

Thirty extracted human non-carious primary tooth crowns were sectioned and varnished leaving 4 mm enamel window on buccal surfaces. The teeth were then divided into 3 groups corresponding to etching time 15, 30 and 60 seconds to estimate etch pattern and depth. One percent phytic acid is used for etching the enamel surfaces. The etch pattern and etch depth was observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Results

The results demonstrated, no differences in etch patterns in all 3 groups irrespective of etch time. Etch depth on enamel surfaces after etching for 15 seconds (group I) and 30 seconds (group II) were similar, but a greater increase in etch depth were observed after 60 seconds (group III) of etching.

Conclusion

One percent phytic acid produced 3 types of etch patterns, among which hollowing of prism core with relatively intact peripheral region etch pattern were predominant irrespective of varying etch time. Etch depth on enamel surfaces increased with increase in etching time.

Background

Current multimodality therapies have increased the survival of patients with childhood cancer. However, these therapies increase the risk of dental complications.

Case report

The first case was a 7-year-old girl who was diagnosed with leukemia at around 8 months of age and received anticancer therapy for about 1 year. The second case was an 8-year-old boy who was diagnosed with leukemia at around the age of 6 and received anticancer therapy for about 2 years. Based on long-term follow-up of two cases, tooth agenesis and microdontia occurs when anticancer therapy is performed at the initial stage of tooth development. However shortening roots of the affected teeth can be found when it is performed at the late stage of tooth development.

Conclusions

Early diagnosis and understanding of dental developmental defects resulting from anticancer therapy are essential for preventing tooth loss and space-related problems in the oral cavity.

Objectives

The study aimed to estimate the age of Iraqi children and young adults based on the third molar development to establish Iraqi reference material for orthodontic and forensic purposes, and to investigate the correlation between the estimated and chronological age.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of digital orthopantographs of 1515 patients of Iraqi origin, aged from 6 to 25 years was conducted, and the developmental status of the mandibular right third molar for each patient was evaluated using Demirjian et al.’s method. Statistical analysis was carried out using “Mann-Whitney U-test” between genders. The linear regression analysis was performed to obtain “regression formulas” for dental age calculation with chronologic age.

Results

No statistically significant differences were observed between Iraqi males and females at any age. The median of male and female age of initial calcification of the cuspal tips for mandibular third molars was 9 years, whereas 14 years was the median of age for both genders when the crown was completed. All mandibular right third molars have a complete root formation with apex closure at a median of male and female age 22 years.

Conclusions

The use of Demirjian et al.’s method was appropriate as a reliable age indicator for Iraqi population. A strong correlation was observed between these stages and chronological age. Consequently, reference data have been established for mandibular third molar development in Iraqi population.