Pediatric Dental Journal最新文献

This report describes a case of talon cusp treated by an intentional partial pulpotomy, which made it possible to recontour the tooth crown into the desired shape. The patient was an 11-year-old boy with a large talon cusp on the lingual surface of the right maxillary lateral incisor. He was referred to our clinic for treatment of abnormality cusp because it was expected to impede orthodontic treatment. The talon cusp was amputated using an intentional partial pulpotomy. The procedure resulted in successful recontouring of the tooth crown into the desired morphology and the dental pulp exhibited a vital reaction at three years after the operation.

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of two different children's toothpaste on the surface properties of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), which is used in Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) method.

Methods

There were 3 groups and 10 glass ionomer cements in each group. The distribution was as follows: Group 1, Splat; Group 2, R.O.C.S.; Group 3, Control. A test aparatus made of steel with a screw design that allows the replacement of electric toothbrushes was designed to provide 2 N force. Brushing was carried out for each samples for duration of 2 min, twice a day, for seven days. One-way ANOVA for intergroup comparison and paired sample T tests for intragroup comparisons were used in statistical analysis, the significance level was p < 0.05.

Results

According to the results, no statistically significant difference was found between the baseline and 7th day roughness values within and between groups (p > 0.05). Although not statistically significant, as a percental increase in roughness was found in each group compared to the initial values. This amount of increase was found in Group 2, Group 1 and Group 3 as a descending order. The results were supported by scanning electron microscopy analysis.

Conclusion

As a result of this study, child pastes that do not cause a statistically significant increase in roughness were found to be safe for daily use. When considering long-lasting restorations, low relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) value child pastes can be recommended as they will encourage brushing with both taste and smell compared to brushing with water.

The authors report a case of severe periodontal destruction and subsequent pulp necrosis. Intentional replantation was performed to treat and investigate of the cause of this idiopathic, rapidly progressive, endodontic-periodontal lesion. A rubber band-like foreign body was incidentally discovered in the periodontal tissue. Although dislocation of a foreign body during dental treatment is unusual, it may happen occasionally. Careful oral examination is recommended, and a fissure-like deep crease in the free gingiva may be helpful in diagnosing misplacement of a foreign body in the periodontal tissue.

Background

Inability to predict dental age accurately has long been the Achilles heel of pediatric dentistry. Whilst dental age has an important aspect in clinical practice, saliva can be one of the most practically important diagnostic tools to estimate biological age.

Aims

This study aimed to analyze a correlation between chronological age, dental age, and salivary alkaline phosphatase in Indonesian children aged 8–14 years.

Methods

This study was an observational study with cross-sectional design. Twenty healthy children (10 boys and 10 girls) were selected by consecutive sampling. Chronological age was assessed by recording date of birth. Dental age was assessed by orthopantamogram following Demirjian's method. Salivary samples were collected by passive drool method and estimation of alkaline phosphatase was done by autoanalyzer.

Results

Normality test was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistical analyses were assessed using Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Mean chronological age was 10.504 ± 1.895 years, mean Demirjian's score was 91.74 ± 5.972, and mean salivary alkaline phosphatase was 291.563 ± 115.135 pg/ml. There is a very strong positive correlation between chronological age and dental age (r = +0.804; p < 0.001). On the contrary, levels of salivary alkaline phosphatase was negatively correlated to dental age (r = −0.780; p < 0.001) and chronological age (r = −0.508; p = 0.022).

Conclusions

This study showed strong correlation between dental age, chronological age, and salivary alkaline phosphatase; hence, estimation of dental age and salivary alkaline phosphatase in Indonesian children during early and late childhood has significant meaning to chronological age.

Cone beam computed tomography overcomes many of the limitations of traditional radiographic techniques and has become commonplace in dental practice. Pediatric patients are more likely to move during acquisition of the images and are susceptible to the harmful effects of ionising radiation. Therefore, justification for each individual and clinical scenario must occur before prescription of cone beam computed tomographs. There are clinical situations in which three-dimensional imaging is indicated as a first line investigation such as impacted canines and neighbouring root resorption, internal and external cervical resorption defects, virtual surgical planning for orthognathic surgery, autotransplantation analogues and assessment of TMJ anomalies. In these clinical situations, care should be taken to optimise the lowest radiation dose achievable for the pediatric patient whilst being indication-orientated and patient-specific.

X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets is a hereditary metabolic disorder. The dental features include abscesses and swelling without caries or trauma. We present a case of familial hypophosphataemic rickets in an 11-year-old boy followed up for 60 months. We describe the treatment of multiple pulp necroses with apical periodontitis. Multiple pulp necroses with apical periodontitis were diagnosed in the anterior teeth. Ca(OH)₂ apexification was performed; healing was evident over the next 60 months. The incisors, canines, and premolars exhibited shortened roots. To prevent pulp necrosis, regular check-ups included applications of fissure sealant and fluoride, vital testing, and radiography. The canines and premolar pulps retained vitality. Ca(OH)₂ apexification followed by preventative follow-up was successful. The prognosis at the 60-month check-up was good.

Objective

Prevention is difficult to decrease dental caries only via the partial application of fluoride. The GC Co. has developed a coating material adhesive containing fluoride and zinc. It is thought that this zinc has an effect which prevents dental caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the Caredyne Shield® (CS) on biofilm generation by S. mutans, as compared to an acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel.

Materials and methods

We performed the comparative study of the biofilm inhibitory effect which used the enamel of bovine teeth. Specimens were separated into a control group, an APF gel group, and a CS group. Biofilms were generated by adherent S. mutans. We observed the antibacterial weigh by the creation state of Biofilms.

Results

Significant difference was observed in the number of bacterial colonies formed after 24 h, the number of bacterial colonies formed from detached S. mutans from the CS-treated experimental group were fewer in number than in the other group (p < 0.01). The biofilm formed by S. mutans 72 h after dissemination on the enamel surface was visible by fluorescence microscopy (Live/Dead staining method) and under the scanning electron microscope, in the CS-treated group, no plastic structures were observed, as the models were free of the biofilm and only scattered S. mutans cells were observed.

Conclusion

We showed in this study the efficacy of CS in controlling the formation of biofilm. From such a result, we conclude that CS is a novel anticaries agent.

Background

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and by physical contact from contaminated surfaces to the mucosa. Its route of transmission has caused a significant challenge in medical and dental healthcare.

Objective

This article aims to review the literature and information available on the provision of paediatric dental treatment during and post-pandemic and to provide specific recommendations on the safe provision of paediatric dental care.

Results

Children infected by SARS-CoV-2 have no or milder COVID-19 symptoms and are potential vectors in spreading the disease. Routine dental treatment is suspended in many countries because of the increased risk of cross-infection in dental practices. Only emergency dental care is provided for urgent conditions. It is necessary to gradually reinstate regular dental care to paediatric patients and maintain their good oral health. To control the disease transmission and maintain the oral health of the population, minimally intervention techniques that minimise or eliminate aerosol generation, plus comprehensive oral health preventive measures should be practised to safeguard safety at dental practices in this unprecedented time.

Conclusions

Robust infection control guidelines should be implemented in dental clinics to minimise the risk of infection and to ensure the safety of patients and staff during the pandemic. Three levels of preventive care should be practised to prevent oral diseases and improve children's oral health in this COVID-19 era. Treatment should be prioritized to patients in urgent needs and aerosol-generating procedures should be minimized.

Background

Pediatric facial injuries are common due to children's high level of activity which gradually decreases as age advances. Main etiology in cases of pediatric age group are self-fall, sports related injuries, interpersonal violence and lastly road traffic accident. Pattern and management of facial fracture in pediatric age group is different to that of adult population.

Material and methods

This study included 87 patients who had facial injuries and who reported at dental institute RIMS, Ranchi over a period of three years from 2017 to 2020. Initial assessment diagnosis and management were given to the patients.

Results

Self-fall accounted as the leading cause of fracture (47.1%). Most frequent age group with facial injuries were from 7 to 12 years age group (49.1%). Dentoalveolar pattern of facial fracture was most common accounting for (39.1%) followed by mandible fracture in 33.3%. Closed reduction of the fracture was the most common way of treatment. Open reduction and fixation was carried out in 3.4% patients.

Conclusion

Self-fall was the main etiology in our study and younger age group patients were more involved. Conservative treatment are generally given to pediatric age group, with open reduction in few cases on the basis of displacement. Close monitoring and follow up is mandatory in these age group.

A 4-year-old boy with oligodontia, presenting only maxillary central conical-shaped incisors, received his first complete dentures. He could wear dentures for a better appearance; however, had difficulty eating because of no experience with chewing. To motivate and improve his chewing practice, color-changeable chewing gum was provided, and the times of color changing recorded. The patient was interested in this chewing training, and the recorded times became shorter, implying better masticatory performance. Therefore, color-changeable chewing gum would motivate patients to have chewing training, and might improve their masticatory function.