Pub Date : 2017-12-03DOI: 10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.36
K. Shahbaz
Cephalosporins are the most important antibiotics having β-lactam ring and are obtained from a fungus Acremonium, also known as cephalosporium. The wide use of cephalosporins against bacteria in various severe infections such as respiratory tract infection (RTI), skin infection and urinary tract infection (UTI) has led the scientist dive into the detail of this antibacterial drug. The knowledge about structural activity relationship (SAR), spectrum of inhibition (SOI), chemical properties and pharmacology of cephalosporin has pivotal impact to device advanced therapeutic results. The treatment of a disease using cephalosporin has many pros and cons. If the pharmacology and chemical properties of this drug are known properly, many side effects can be diminished or minimized to a certain level. This article review some pharmacological and chemical properties of cephalosporins.
{"title":"Cephalosporins: pharmacology and chemistry","authors":"K. Shahbaz","doi":"10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.36","url":null,"abstract":"Cephalosporins are the most important antibiotics having β-lactam ring and are obtained from a fungus Acremonium, also known as cephalosporium. The wide use of cephalosporins against bacteria in various severe infections such as respiratory tract infection (RTI), skin infection and urinary tract infection (UTI) has led the scientist dive into the detail of this antibacterial drug. The knowledge about structural activity relationship (SAR), spectrum of inhibition (SOI), chemical properties and pharmacology of cephalosporin has pivotal impact to device advanced therapeutic results. The treatment of a disease using cephalosporin has many pros and cons. If the pharmacology and chemical properties of this drug are known properly, many side effects can be diminished or minimized to a certain level. This article review some pharmacological and chemical properties of cephalosporins.","PeriodicalId":19998,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83738983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.35
G. Paramasivam, R. Kannan, S. Paulraj, J. Pandiarajan
Objective : This research work focus on synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Morinda tinctoria Roxb leaves. The synthesis of nanoparticles from biological processes is evolving a new era of research interests in nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles are usually synthesized by chemicals. M. tinctoria Roxb leaves are reputed plant in traditional system of medicine and it is used for the treatment of illness such as arthritis, cancer, gastric ulcer and other heart disease etc. Methods : The present study the leaves were collected, air dried and extract silver nanoparticles. The extract was subjected to characterization, antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic and anticancer activity using M. tinctoria Roxb leaves following standard procedures. Results : Silver nanoparticles study showed the evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of M. tinctoria Roxb. Antioxidant activities were done using DPPH antioxidant assay and hydrogen peroxide assay. The anticancer study was conducted to evaluate the in-vitro anticancer activity of green synthesized nanoparticles using human hepatic carcinoma cell lines (HepG2). Conclusions : The leaf extract of silver nanoparticle evaluation showed higher antioxidant activity and anticancer activity in M. tinctoria Roxb.
{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Morinda tinctoria Roxb and scrutiny of its multi facet on biomedical applications","authors":"G. Paramasivam, R. Kannan, S. Paulraj, J. Pandiarajan","doi":"10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.35","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : This research work focus on synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Morinda tinctoria Roxb leaves. The synthesis of nanoparticles from biological processes is evolving a new era of research interests in nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles are usually synthesized by chemicals. M. tinctoria Roxb leaves are reputed plant in traditional system of medicine and it is used for the treatment of illness such as arthritis, cancer, gastric ulcer and other heart disease etc. Methods : The present study the leaves were collected, air dried and extract silver nanoparticles. The extract was subjected to characterization, antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic and anticancer activity using M. tinctoria Roxb leaves following standard procedures. Results : Silver nanoparticles study showed the evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of M. tinctoria Roxb. Antioxidant activities were done using DPPH antioxidant assay and hydrogen peroxide assay. The anticancer study was conducted to evaluate the in-vitro anticancer activity of green synthesized nanoparticles using human hepatic carcinoma cell lines (HepG2). Conclusions : The leaf extract of silver nanoparticle evaluation showed higher antioxidant activity and anticancer activity in M. tinctoria Roxb.","PeriodicalId":19998,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82701375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.34
V. Parcha, Ankith Kumar, B. Mahajan, J. Kaur
Objective : To design, synthesize and screen biologically newer Substituted Schiff bases by condensing substituted acid hydrazides with various benzaldehydes and explore their antimicrobial potential. Methods : Present study synthesis of various derivatives of Schiffs bases was carried out by: firstly converting substituted acids to acid hydrazides and then to Schiff's bases after condensation with substituted benzaldehyde. Synthesized compounds were characterised on the basis of spectral studies (like UV, IR, and NMR). All the synthesized derivatives were screened further for their antibacterial effect against Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus& Bacillus cereus. Results : From this study it could be observed that schiff’s bases 2-[( aminophenylhydrazinyldene o,m,dinitrobenzoyl] aniline (H) and compound 2-[( aminophenylzinyldene) p amino benzoyl] aniline (I) showed very good zone of inhibition against almost all strains tested for. Conclusions : So further attempts could be made to extend the series and explore their antibacterial potential to achieve hopeful goal.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of Schiff’s bases derivatives as potent antibacterial agents","authors":"V. Parcha, Ankith Kumar, B. Mahajan, J. Kaur","doi":"10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.34","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : To design, synthesize and screen biologically newer Substituted Schiff bases by condensing substituted acid hydrazides with various benzaldehydes and explore their antimicrobial potential. Methods : Present study synthesis of various derivatives of Schiffs bases was carried out by: firstly converting substituted acids to acid hydrazides and then to Schiff's bases after condensation with substituted benzaldehyde. Synthesized compounds were characterised on the basis of spectral studies (like UV, IR, and NMR). All the synthesized derivatives were screened further for their antibacterial effect against Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus& Bacillus cereus. Results : From this study it could be observed that schiff’s bases 2-[( aminophenylhydrazinyldene o,m,dinitrobenzoyl] aniline (H) and compound 2-[( aminophenylzinyldene) p amino benzoyl] aniline (I) showed very good zone of inhibition against almost all strains tested for. Conclusions : So further attempts could be made to extend the series and explore their antibacterial potential to achieve hopeful goal.","PeriodicalId":19998,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73873247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-01DOI: 10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.31
Frank Ngonda
Objective : The aim of the study was to determine the level of bacterial contamination of door handles/knobs of toilets and bathrooms at Daeyang Luke Hospital. Methods : Fomite can be described as a non-living object capable of carrying infectious organism and it is considered as one of the major source of spread of hospital acquired infection. In this study, door handles/knobs were swabbed with sterile swab stick moistened with sterile water. The content was evenly transferred to nutrient agar petric dish and then incubated for 24 hours at 37˚C. The study was done between the months of May to August 2016. Results : The results of the study showed that during the period of study there was 41.6% bacterial contamination with the female medical and surgical ward toilets being more contaminated as compared to staff toilets. Private room bathrooms were more contaminated during the period of study as compared to the staff room bathrooms that were less contaminated. Among the bacterial contaminant isolated and identified, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest prevalence followed by Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Citrobacter species and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. Conclusions : Therefore, from the study, it can be concluded that general public needs observe hand hygiene and use of quality disinfection procedures in order to reduce hospital acquired infection.
{"title":"Assessment of bacterial contamination of toilets and bathroom doors handle/knobs at Daeyang Luke hospital","authors":"Frank Ngonda","doi":"10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.31","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : The aim of the study was to determine the level of bacterial contamination of door handles/knobs of toilets and bathrooms at Daeyang Luke Hospital. Methods : Fomite can be described as a non-living object capable of carrying infectious organism and it is considered as one of the major source of spread of hospital acquired infection. In this study, door handles/knobs were swabbed with sterile swab stick moistened with sterile water. The content was evenly transferred to nutrient agar petric dish and then incubated for 24 hours at 37˚C. The study was done between the months of May to August 2016. Results : The results of the study showed that during the period of study there was 41.6% bacterial contamination with the female medical and surgical ward toilets being more contaminated as compared to staff toilets. Private room bathrooms were more contaminated during the period of study as compared to the staff room bathrooms that were less contaminated. Among the bacterial contaminant isolated and identified, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest prevalence followed by Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Citrobacter species and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. Conclusions : Therefore, from the study, it can be concluded that general public needs observe hand hygiene and use of quality disinfection procedures in order to reduce hospital acquired infection.","PeriodicalId":19998,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76851553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-01DOI: 10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.33
M. Jarrar, A. E. Shafey, Rabia Essa, Ruksar Damji, A. Rauf, Ielaf Hindi
Obesity is one of major health disorders that has become epidemic worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress and inflammation in adipose tissue is involved in obesity linked complications. The ectopic synthesis of melanin in adipocytes of obese patients has been newly discovered. It is hypothesized that there is potential role of melanin and its intermediates to ameliorate oxidative stress in adipose which may prevent the secondary complications to obesity. This study was done to determine whether melanin interferes with the level of oxidative stress produced in adipocyte cells in culture. Adipocyte cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to high concentration of glucose oxidase to induce oxidative stress, then cells were treated with melanin for different periods. Thereafter the levels of some oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers such as glutathione, TNF-alpha, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl were measured. It was found that when cells were exposed to glucose oxidase the level of oxidative stress increased over time as reflected by the decrease of Glutathione. Interestingly, when melanin was added the level of oxidative stress decreased over time as reflected by increase in glutathione concentrations. It was also found that TNF-alpha decreased upon treatment by melanin but after 72 hours but not on 24 and 48 hours treatments. However, protein carbonyl and MDA appeared to be less affected by melanin treatments. These results may indicate that melanin is capable of diminishing the effects of oxidative stress on the cells at early stages probably by interfering with lipids peroxidation and production of reactive oxygen species.
{"title":"Melanin relieves oxidative stress in adipocytes culture in vitro","authors":"M. Jarrar, A. E. Shafey, Rabia Essa, Ruksar Damji, A. Rauf, Ielaf Hindi","doi":"10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.33","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is one of major health disorders that has become epidemic worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress and inflammation in adipose tissue is involved in obesity linked complications. The ectopic synthesis of melanin in adipocytes of obese patients has been newly discovered. It is hypothesized that there is potential role of melanin and its intermediates to ameliorate oxidative stress in adipose which may prevent the secondary complications to obesity. This study was done to determine whether melanin interferes with the level of oxidative stress produced in adipocyte cells in culture. Adipocyte cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to high concentration of glucose oxidase to induce oxidative stress, then cells were treated with melanin for different periods. Thereafter the levels of some oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers such as glutathione, TNF-alpha, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl were measured. It was found that when cells were exposed to glucose oxidase the level of oxidative stress increased over time as reflected by the decrease of Glutathione. Interestingly, when melanin was added the level of oxidative stress decreased over time as reflected by increase in glutathione concentrations. It was also found that TNF-alpha decreased upon treatment by melanin but after 72 hours but not on 24 and 48 hours treatments. However, protein carbonyl and MDA appeared to be less affected by melanin treatments. These results may indicate that melanin is capable of diminishing the effects of oxidative stress on the cells at early stages probably by interfering with lipids peroxidation and production of reactive oxygen species.","PeriodicalId":19998,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88714351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-01DOI: 10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.28
A. Santhosh, C. Veeresham, A. R. Rao
Objective: The objectives were to study the in-vitro and in-vivo aldose reductase and in-vitro advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory activities of the standardized extracts of Picrorhiza kurroa roots and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers. Methods: In-vitro Aldose reductase inhibitory activity was studied by using isolated rat lens and kidney Aldose reductase by UV-Visible spectro photo metric method by using Quercetin as reference compound. In-vivo Aldose reductase inhibitory activity was evaluated by using experimental rat models of galactosemia and the final lens galactitol was evaluated by High performance liquid chromatography and Gas chromatography methods by using Quercetin as reference compound. In-vitro advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory activity was estimated by using laboratory test reaction with protein and sugars by spectro fluorimetric method by sung aminoguanidine as reference compound. Statistical analysis of the results was done by using Analysis of the variance method. Results: The plant extracts were found to possess significant aldose reductase and advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory activity. Conclusions: More study is required for isolation and characterization of the chief chemical constituents responsible for the biological activity of the plant extracts.
{"title":"Aldose reductase and advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory activity of standardized extracts of Picrorhiza kurroa (Royle ex benth) and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Linn.)","authors":"A. Santhosh, C. Veeresham, A. R. Rao","doi":"10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.28","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objectives were to study the in-vitro and in-vivo aldose reductase and in-vitro advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory activities of the standardized extracts of Picrorhiza kurroa roots and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers. Methods: In-vitro Aldose reductase inhibitory activity was studied by using isolated rat lens and kidney Aldose reductase by UV-Visible spectro photo metric method by using Quercetin as reference compound. In-vivo Aldose reductase inhibitory activity was evaluated by using experimental rat models of galactosemia and the final lens galactitol was evaluated by High performance liquid chromatography and Gas chromatography methods by using Quercetin as reference compound. In-vitro advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory activity was estimated by using laboratory test reaction with protein and sugars by spectro fluorimetric method by sung aminoguanidine as reference compound. Statistical analysis of the results was done by using Analysis of the variance method. Results: The plant extracts were found to possess significant aldose reductase and advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory activity. Conclusions: More study is required for isolation and characterization of the chief chemical constituents responsible for the biological activity of the plant extracts.","PeriodicalId":19998,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84700836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-01DOI: 10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.30
Ghizlane Hajjaj, A. Bahlouli, K. Sayah, M. Tajani, Y. Cherrah, A. Zellou
Objective : In this study, the antipyretic effect of different extracts obtained from Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC), Ormenis mixta L. (OM) and Pistacia atlantica DESF. (PA) was investigated experimentally in rats. Methods : Antipyretic activity of aqueous extracts was evaluated by yeast induced pyrexia method. The antipyretic effect was retained in all extracts tested and was comparable to that of paracetamol used as the standard drug negative control group (distilled water). The extracts were also phytochemically screened for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones and anthraquinones. Results : Treatment with aqueous extracts at dose of 400 mg/kg showed a significant (p≤0.05) reaction of pyrexia in rodents. The results suggest that this Moroccan medicinal plants possesses potent antipyretic activity. Phytochemical screening of the plants showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and quinons which may responsible for this activity. However, anthraquinones were absent in all plants and alkaloids from PA. Conclusions : This study might be the first formal report on antipyretic effects of these three plants in Morocco.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening and in vivo antipyretic activity of the aqueous extracts of three Moroccan medicinal plants","authors":"Ghizlane Hajjaj, A. Bahlouli, K. Sayah, M. Tajani, Y. Cherrah, A. Zellou","doi":"10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.30","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : In this study, the antipyretic effect of different extracts obtained from Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC), Ormenis mixta L. (OM) and Pistacia atlantica DESF. (PA) was investigated experimentally in rats. Methods : Antipyretic activity of aqueous extracts was evaluated by yeast induced pyrexia method. The antipyretic effect was retained in all extracts tested and was comparable to that of paracetamol used as the standard drug negative control group (distilled water). The extracts were also phytochemically screened for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones and anthraquinones. Results : Treatment with aqueous extracts at dose of 400 mg/kg showed a significant (p≤0.05) reaction of pyrexia in rodents. The results suggest that this Moroccan medicinal plants possesses potent antipyretic activity. Phytochemical screening of the plants showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and quinons which may responsible for this activity. However, anthraquinones were absent in all plants and alkaloids from PA. Conclusions : This study might be the first formal report on antipyretic effects of these three plants in Morocco.","PeriodicalId":19998,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79981393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-01DOI: 10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.32
S. Chandra, M. Khan, A. Mohan
Objective: The diabetes mellitus is most common diseases. Which are spread all over the world. At they are change in modified in life style disease in this study where the prescribe drugs while using in the diagnostic and treatment of diabetes mellitus .the most commonly use drugs Sitagliptin +Metfomin in the community clinic in U.P. In the survey which are found to be the prescription pattern in Jajmau (Kanpur, U.P.) areas the most common drug which are running Sitagliptin + Metformin the survey which are randomly collect the prescription there are many variation in prescribing pattern of diabetes mellitus .the prescribing pattern is most strong tools to role of drug use in the society which are treat the DM during medication follow the proscription pattern of the drugs. There is need for appropriate safe &effective treatment and economical study to find out the pattern of drug therapy among DM. Methods: In this study the method randomized and non randomized study design was conducted in October 2016 – November 2016 community clinic in U.P. this study found to the date which group gender in fasting blood sugar various classes of drugs analyzed them. Results: A total of 200 patients were included in this one month’s study. All the patients had Type 2 diabetes. Metformin is the drug of choice and Sitagliptin is the most preferred combination with Metformin. Conclusions: Insulin was not preferred as mono-therapy. Despite combination therapy, the postprandial glucose levels were not in range–suggesting either poor patient compliance or inadequate dosing/inappropriate therapy. In addition to drugs, the services of a clinical pharmacist might be helpful in these patients. Metformin is the drug of choice and Sitagliptin is the most preferred combination with Metformin.
{"title":"Study on the prescribing pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in community clinic in Uttar Pradesh state","authors":"S. Chandra, M. Khan, A. Mohan","doi":"10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.32","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The diabetes mellitus is most common diseases. Which are spread all over the world. At they are change in modified in life style disease in this study where the prescribe drugs while using in the diagnostic and treatment of diabetes mellitus .the most commonly use drugs Sitagliptin +Metfomin in the community clinic in U.P. In the survey which are found to be the prescription pattern in Jajmau (Kanpur, U.P.) areas the most common drug which are running Sitagliptin + Metformin the survey which are randomly collect the prescription there are many variation in prescribing pattern of diabetes mellitus .the prescribing pattern is most strong tools to role of drug use in the society which are treat the DM during medication follow the proscription pattern of the drugs. There is need for appropriate safe &effective treatment and economical study to find out the pattern of drug therapy among DM. Methods: In this study the method randomized and non randomized study design was conducted in October 2016 – November 2016 community clinic in U.P. this study found to the date which group gender in fasting blood sugar various classes of drugs analyzed them. Results: A total of 200 patients were included in this one month’s study. All the patients had Type 2 diabetes. Metformin is the drug of choice and Sitagliptin is the most preferred combination with Metformin. Conclusions: Insulin was not preferred as mono-therapy. Despite combination therapy, the postprandial glucose levels were not in range–suggesting either poor patient compliance or inadequate dosing/inappropriate therapy. In addition to drugs, the services of a clinical pharmacist might be helpful in these patients. Metformin is the drug of choice and Sitagliptin is the most preferred combination with Metformin.","PeriodicalId":19998,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79489227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-01DOI: 10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.29
P. Pandey, M. Saini, Neeta
The major objective of any dosage form is to deliver an optimum therapeutic amount of active agent to the proper site in the body to attain constant & maintenance of the desired drug concentration. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are effective delivery systems with various advantages as compared to other oral controlled release dosage forms in terms of drug delivery at specific sites with prolonged retention time of drugs at target sites. The main advantage of these systems includes avoiding first pass metabolism of the drugs and hence availability of high drug concentration at target site. Oral mucoadhesive systems have potential ability for controlled and extended release profile so as to get better performance and patient compliance. The present manuscript briefly reviews the benefits of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, mechanisms involved in mucoadhesion, different factors affecting mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
{"title":"MUCOADHESIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW","authors":"P. Pandey, M. Saini, Neeta","doi":"10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.29","url":null,"abstract":"The major objective of any dosage form is to deliver an optimum therapeutic amount of active agent to the proper site in the body to attain constant & maintenance of the desired drug concentration. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are effective delivery systems with various advantages as compared to other oral controlled release dosage forms in terms of drug delivery at specific sites with prolonged retention time of drugs at target sites. The main advantage of these systems includes avoiding first pass metabolism of the drugs and hence availability of high drug concentration at target site. Oral mucoadhesive systems have potential ability for controlled and extended release profile so as to get better performance and patient compliance. The present manuscript briefly reviews the benefits of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, mechanisms involved in mucoadhesion, different factors affecting mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":19998,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83047296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.26
Dhwani A. Shah, Kunjal L. Vegad, E. D. Patel, Hitesh K. Prajapati, Ronak N. Patel, Y. K. Patel
Objective: A simple, specific, accurate and precise RP-HPTLC method has been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Avanafil and Dapoxetine. Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on Aluminium plates precoated with Silica gel 60 F254 using chloroform: methanol: ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid (5:2:3:0.2, v/v/v/v) as mobile phase detected at 279 nm. Results: The correlation coefficient for RP-HPLC method was found to be 0.9987 for Avanafil and 0.9991 Dapoxetine and the linearity range was found to be 1040-3640 ng*spot-1 for Avanafil and 80-280 ng*spot-1 for Dapoxetine. Conclusions: The developed method was successfully applied to marketed tablet dosage form and the results were found with higher confidence.
{"title":"Analytical method validation for estimation of avanafil and dapoxetine hydrochloride tablet dosage form by HPTLC method","authors":"Dhwani A. Shah, Kunjal L. Vegad, E. D. Patel, Hitesh K. Prajapati, Ronak N. Patel, Y. K. Patel","doi":"10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.PBE.2017.26","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A simple, specific, accurate and precise RP-HPTLC method has been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Avanafil and Dapoxetine. Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on Aluminium plates precoated with Silica gel 60 F254 using chloroform: methanol: ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid (5:2:3:0.2, v/v/v/v) as mobile phase detected at 279 nm. Results: The correlation coefficient for RP-HPLC method was found to be 0.9987 for Avanafil and 0.9991 Dapoxetine and the linearity range was found to be 1040-3640 ng*spot-1 for Avanafil and 80-280 ng*spot-1 for Dapoxetine. Conclusions: The developed method was successfully applied to marketed tablet dosage form and the results were found with higher confidence.","PeriodicalId":19998,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90349971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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