Persoonia最新文献

As part of a broader survey of lignicolous saprobic fungi, we investigated fungal taxa from the class Sordariomycetes displaying holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis, a distinct developmental process and phylogenetically informative trait. Although these fungi appear morphologically similar in culture, they represent distinct evolutionary lineages. This taxonomic study integrates comparative morphological analyses, phylogenetic reconstruction of five nuclear markers, and analysis of biogeographical patterns through environmental DNA data to introduce novel taxa in the Pleurotheciales and Rhamphoriales. A new genus and species Echinodenticula allantospora and three new species, Phaeoisaria parallela, Rhamphoriopsis cuprea and Rh. denticulata, are described. A rarely encountered species Rhamphoria separata is reported, along with its previously undocumented asexual morph. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate the utility of two protein-coding genes, rpb2 and tef1, as complementary barcodes for distinguishing closely related Phaeoisaria species. Our findings highlight the significance of holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis as a diagnostic feature of the Rhamphoriales and a prevalent trait in the Pleurotheciales. An unknown ascomycete that produced only sterile mycelium in culture is described here as Melanocrypta curvata and placed at an incertae sedis position within the Sordariomycetes. Additionally, we present short-read whole-genome sequencing data for the ex-type strains of the newly described species, providing a valuable genomic resource for future taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional studies. Environmental DNA data from the GlobalFungi database bring new perspective into the biogeographical patterns of Phaeoisaria, Rhamphoria, and Rhamphoriopsis. The distribution of E. allantospora and M. curvata remains poorly understood, as no records for these species were found in GlobalFungi. This study provides new insights into the molecular systematics, taxonomy, and biogeography of the Rhamphoriales and Pleurotheciales, and highlights the role of environmental DNA metabarcoding in uncovering fungal diversity and distribution patterns. Citation: Réblová M, Nekvindová J, Hernández-Restrepo M, Hradilová M, Kolařík M (2025). Phylogeny, taxonomy and geographic distribution of novel and known fungi with holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis in Rhamphoriales and Pleurotheciales (Sordariomycetes). Persoonia 55: 277-311. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.08.

The Arctic and Antarctic regions are characterized by low temperatures, high solar irradiation, and successive freezing and thawing cycles. To date, 57 yeast species belonging to 24 genera have been identified as novel taxa initially isolated from Arctic and Antarctic environments. This study comprehensively explored yeast diversity in diverse habitats, including soil, freshwater, seawater, lichens, mosses, vascular plants, dung, feathers, algae, and mushrooms, in the Ny-Ålesund (Arctic) and Fildes regions (Antarctica). Over the past decade, a total of 406 samples were collected, resulting in the isolation of 2215 yeast strains. Molecular analysis revealed 2150 yeast strains across 80 known species in 36 genera. Remarkably, 65 yeast strains - 33 from Antarctica and 32 from the Arctic - were classified as novel taxa. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we described 18 new basidiomycetous yeast species across two classes: Tremellomycetes within Agaricomycotina and Microbotryomycetes within Pucciniomycotina. Furthermore, we proposed the establishment of one new family, Pricozymaceae, and five new genera, including Pricozyma, Xiangyanghongia, Chioneozyma, Skadia, and Xuelongia. In summary, this study revealed a rich diversity of yeast species in the Arctic and Antarctica, identifying 98 species across 40 genera, 22 families, 12 orders, four classes, and two phyla, many of which were previously unknown. Novel species described include: Chioneozyma fusiformis, Chioneozyma ovata, Dioszegia frigidiaquatica, Dioszegia dongchenii, Fellozyma antarctica, Genolevuria ovata, Glaciozyma ellipsoidea, Glaciozyma elongata, Phaeotremella nansenii, Phaeotremella polaris, Pseudotremella lichenophila, Piskurozyma viscida, Pricozyma crymophila, Skadia corniformis, Skadia rubropurpurea, Xiangyanghongia terricola, Xuelongia filamentosa, and Yunzhangia cylindrica. Citation: Feng JJ, He CY, Su J, Zhu YW, Mi ZC, Yu LY, Zhang T (2025). Diversity and phylogeny of yeasts in various habitats of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, with descriptions of one new family, five new genera and eighteen new species. Persoonia 55: 93-140. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.03.

During surveys for fungal natural enemies of Hemileia vastatrix - the causal agent of coffee leaf rust (CLR) - in its African centre of origin (Cameroon, Ethiopia), as well as in its exotic South American range (Brazil, Paraguay), an eclectic and species-rich mycobiota was encountered. Here, we provide a comprehensive report on an assemblage of "white colony-forming fungi" (WCF), often treated in the earlier literature under the inadequate "label" Verticillium lecanii (=Lecanicillium lecanii). A total of 265 isolates of WCF were provisionally placed in this arbitrary group. We clarified the identity of our assemblage of Lecanicillium-like fungi using a combination of morphological characteristics and sequence data for the large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) and the largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2) regions. Fifteen WCF species belonging to eight genera across three hypocrealean families (Bionectriaceae, Clavicipitaceae and Cordycipitaceae) were found parasitizing pustules of CLR. Significantly, Lecanicillium lecanii was not found to be present amongst these taxa. Six species belonged to the known genera - Corniculantispora, Gamszarella, Lecanicillium, Ovicillium, Pleurodesmospora and Simplicillium. Two new genera are described, Bettiolomyces and Hemileiophthora, as well as seven new species, Bettiolomyces urediniophagus, Gamszarella uredinophila, Hemileiophthora denticulata, H. nodosa, Lecanicillium hemileiae, Pleurodesmospora hemileiae and Simplicillium hemileiae. The following known WCF species are recorded here for the first time on pustules of H. vastatrix: Corniculantispora dimorpha, Gamszarella buffelskloofina, Lecanicillium uredinophilum, Ovicillium attenuatum, Pleurodesmospora coccorum and Simplicillium subtropicum. Additionally, the new combination Bettiolomyces epiphytus is introduced for Verticillium epiphytum. Citation: Colmán AA, Araújo JPM, Evans HC, Correa Mansur PS, Salcedo-Sarmiento S, Silva AL, Kapeua-Ndacnou M, Belachew-Bekele BK, Pereira CM, Crous PW, Barreto RW (2025). Hidden diversity behind the Lecanicillium-like white colony-forming mycoparasites on Hemileia vastatrix (coffee leaf rust). Persoonia 55: 239-275. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.07.

Lichen-inhabiting (lichenicolous) fungi comprise a considerable portion of the Hypocreales (Sordariomycetes), their placement and phylogenetic relationships within the order remain largely unknown due to a lack of available molecular data. This study focuses mainly on tropical lichenicolous hypocrealean fungi which were neglected for a long time. Increasing knowledge of this fungal group is crucial to better understanding the complex evolutionary histories and trophic strategies of the Hypocreales. Through an order-wide phylogeny based on multiple loci, we unveiled a novel lineage within the Hypocreales, composed exclusively of lichenicolous species from genera such as Ovicuculispora and Paranectria, along with Nectriopsis lichenophila and Nectria byssophila-like taxa. Beyond the strong phylogenetic support, the clade is also characterized by its distinct morphology. Here it is introduced as a new family Paranectriaceae characterized by yellow to orange sessile ascomata, featuring a distinct tomentum, and by pigment in ascomata walls that do not change colour in KOH solution. The delimitation of interspecific and generic boundaries within the novel family was based on molecular, morphological and ecological data. As a result, we established nine species and five genera, including two genera new to science (Rossmaniella and Sphaeronectria) and four new species (Rossmaniella coenogonii, R. cryptica, R. filispora, and R. tylophori). Additionally, we reinstated the genus Ciliomyces, with the type species Ciliomyces oropensis, from the synonyms of Paranectria. Our results also show that the genus Neobaryopsis is more closely related to the family Calcarisporiaceae than to the Cordycepitaceae, as originally described. A key to species determination within Paranectriaceae is provided. The present study suggests that neglected lichenicolous fungi are an important component that appears in Hypocreales several times during their evolution, and indicates that their considerable diversity can still be hidden. Citation: Darmostuk V, Etayo J, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Kukwa M, Pino-Bodas R, Pérez-Ortega S, Flakus A (2025). A novel, exclusively lichen-inhabiting lineage of hypocrealean fungi revealed in the Sordariomycetes. Persoonia 54: 47-91. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.02.

Ceratobasidiaceae is a family of cryptic basidiomycetous fungi, most notable for the plant pathogens known under generic names such as Rhizoctonia, Thanatephorus, Ceratorhiza, and Ceratobasidium. While responsible for billions of dollars in crop losses annually, members of these genera also serve important ecological functions as orchid mycorrhizal symbionts and saprotrophs. While asexually-typified (Rhizoctonia and Ceratorhiza) and sexually-typified (Thanatephorus and Ceratobasidium) names have been utilised, molecular studies have repeatedly demonstrated these genera to be paraphyletic. In addition, the type of Ceratobasidium is not congeneric with the many other species introduced in the genus. Despite previous attempts to synonymise various names under a broadly-defined Rhizoctonia, authors have continued to describe new species using outdated generic names. Using publicly-available ITS, LSU, ATP6, RPB2, and TEF1 sequences generated from holotype specimens or from isolates obtained from permanently preserved cultures of type collections (ex-type specimens), we recovered a phylogeny of the Ceratobasidiaceae that reiterates the paraphyly of various genera within a well-supported clade to which we apply the name Rhizoctonia. We review the placements of names introduced in the genera Ceratobasidium, Ceratorhiza, and Thanatephorus, and formalise 32 new combinations in Rhizoctonia. While it is accepted that the type of Ceratobasidium does not belong in Rhizoctonia, we advocate continued use of the family name Ceratobasidiaceae and discuss a nomenclatural solution to formally cement this usage. Using Rhizoctonia as a case study, we argue that continued use of names that are evident synonyms is out of step with contemporary fungal taxonomic practice and precludes a holistic understanding of the classification and biology of this group. Citation: O'Donnell RP, Linde CC, May TW (2025). Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54: 285-325. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09.

Cortinarius section Anomali is a species-rich group that occurs worldwide, particularly in Europe and North America. The overlapping morphological and microscopical characteristics of Anomali species pose significant challenges for species identification. Therefore, the focus of this study was to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of section Anomali in China. A total of 229 specimens of section Anomali were collected in China over the past two decades. The present study, based on a combination of extensive morphological investigations and molecular methods, reports 22 Anomali species. Eleven of them are recognized as new to science and formally described here as C. albocyaneoides, C. campanianomalus, C. microalbocyaneus, C. neocaninus, C. qilianensis, C. robustianomalus, C. rufolilacinus, C. subalbocyaneus, C. subanomalus, C. xizangensis, and C. vernalianomalus, respectively. Cortinarius albocyaneus, C. azureovelatus, C. caninus, C. kranabetteri, C. lepidopus, and C. perrotensis are reported in China for the first time. In addition, the occurrence of C. cinnamomeolilacinus, C. epsomiensis, C. subclackamasensis, C. tabularis, and C. tropicus in China is confirmed. Descriptions, accompanied by illustrations of morphological characters of the Chinese Anomali species, and comparisons with closely related taxa are provided. The present study reports Cortinarius section Anomali in China or Asia, clarifying taxonomy and conducting phylogeny analyses based on nrITS, nrLSU, rpb1 and rpb2 sequences. We compare the Anomali species from China with those in Europe and North America, enriching the species and sequences of sect. Anomali. In addition, the ornamentation of basidiospores was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Citation: Xie ML, Dima B, Wang K, Phukhamsakda C, Li Y, Qi LL, Li GJ, Liu TZ, Jia PS, Wang Q, Song LR, Wei TZ, Li Y (2025). Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cortinarius sect. Anomali in China. Persoonia 54: 225-263. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.07.

Aureobasidium comprises dimorphic yeast-like fungi that usually produce melanised cells at maturity. Species are globally distributed and ubiquitous, colonizing a variety of habitats. At present, ca 40 species are accepted, with the type, A. pullulans, representing a complex of unresolved cryptic species. In this study, we isolated 128 Aureobasidium from multiple temperate and tropical regions. We performed multigene analyses using eight loci (ITS, 28S, EF1a, ELO2, RPB2, BTUB, mtLSU and mtSSU) on new isolates and including sequences from type material for all available Aureobasidium species. Data on growth, physiological profiles, micro- and macromorphological attributes were also collected and analysed. Several DNA-based species delimitation methods were evaluated for their ability to delimit species. We found that assimilation of D-quinic acid, L-sorbose, D-mannitol, gluconolactone, erythritol, L-arabinose, and sodium succinate dibasic hexahydrate were important in delineating species of Aureobasidium and note that production of pigmentation in culture often takes longer than the 14 d standard for carbon assimilations. Genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition criteria (GCPSR) provided the most consistent results for species delimitation. We describe nine new species of Aureobasidium (A. albui, A. cavalettoi, A. diazvalderramae, A. ellingtonae, A. essambei, A. peruvianum, A. rubi, A. toomeae, and A. vanuatuense), make new combinations for A. aubasidani (≡ A. pullulans var. aubasidani), A. fermentans (≡ Pullularia fermentans), and A. mahoniae (≡ Selenophoma mahoniae), validate and provide descriptions for A. musti and A. uvarum, and provide lecto- and epitypes for Dematium pullulans, the basionym of A. pullulans. Finally, we resolved the phylogeny for Aureobasidium, reduce Kabatiella (based on K. microsticta) to synonymy, and provide an updated list of species to facilitate future studies. Citation: Jumbam B, Zasada IA, Bensch K, Crous PW, Aime MC (2025). A taxonomic revision of Aureobasidium (Saccotheciaceae, Dothideales) with new species, new names, and typifications. Persoonia 54: 147-195. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.05.

The Canary Islands, located in the Atlantic Ocean within the Macaronesian biogeographic region, consist of seven main islands alongside numerous smaller ones of volcanic origin, representing the southernmost region of Spain. This archipelago shows a variety of microclimates and ecological settings, encompassing from laurisilva cloud forests to montane pine forests and deserts, responsible for diverse flora and fauna rich in endemism. Despite considerable research focused on the biodiversity of plant and animal life, knowledge regarding fungi, particularly micromycetes, remains comparatively limited. Building on our ongoing investigation of soil-borne ascomycetes of the Canary Islands, initiated several decades ago, we collected samples from the southern region of La Palma Island. At the laboratory, these samples were processed using different semi-selective techniques aimed at isolating ascomycetes, such as the Warcup's soil plate method, the activation of soil dormant ascospores with 5 % acetic acid, and ToKaVa hair baiting method. After a phenotypic characterization, subsequent molecular identification of the fungal strains was conducted through amplification and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and the domains D1-D2 of the Large Subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and fragments of the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), β-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef) genes. Preliminary taxonomic assignment was carried out using BLAST searches, followed by phylogenetic studies for precise taxonomic delimitation. Among the identified members of the Chaetomiaceae, noteworthy taxa include Achaetomium aegilopsis, Canariomyces arenarius, Carteria arctostaphyli, Ovatospora senegalensis, Parathielavia kuwaitensis, Pseudohumicola alba, and P. glauca, representing the first documented occurrences in volcanic soils. Furthermore, the discovery encompasses the description of three new genera (Oidiosporium, Phaeohyphomyces and Steirochaetomium) and nine new species (Botryotrichum pseudomurorum, Canariomyces asexualis, Carteria canariensis, Oidiosporium botulisporum, Phaeohyphomyces canariensis, Pseudohumicola cinnamobrunnea, P. intercalispora, P. variispopra and Steirochaetomium canariensis) within this fungal family. These findings underscore the significance of volcanic soils of La Palma Island as reservoirs of novel micromycetes, particularly emphasizing the prevalence of Chaetomiaceae members as revealed by the applied isolation methodologies. Citation: Sastoque AP, Cano-Lira JF, Stchigel AM (2025). Soil ascomycetes from Spain. XIV. The Chaetomiaceae of La Palma (Canary Islands). Persoonia 54: 93-117. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.03.

Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae) is becoming a very large and complex genus and the species definition is becoming a challenge, as for many other groups of Hymenochaetaceae. Phylloporia comprises 79 species up to date. However, this number is probably still largely underestimated. A comprehensive, multigene phylogeny of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota), inferred from the large subunit nuclear ribosomal region (LSU), portions of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α), and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes is presented and discussed. The multigene phylogeny reveals several undescribed paleotropical or neotropical phylogenetic species. On this basis, complemented by both morphological and ecological data, six new species from tropical Africa are described: P. afropectinata, P. cinnamomea, P. memecyli, P. miomboensis, P. pseudoweberiana, and P. warneckeicola. A new combination, P. microspora (basionym Inonotus microsporus), is also proposed. A synthesis of the taxonomic and ecological knowledge of Phylloporia in tropical Africa is presented, with an identification key for the African species known to date. Although the multigene phylogenetic inferences do not resolve the backbone structure within Phylloporia, it reveals two main lineages, a basal A and a core B lineage. The basal lineage contains six species whereas the core lineage comprises most of the described species and a number of unnamed taxa. The multigene phylogenetic inferences also resolved several well-supported, multiple species lineages within the core lineage. These lineages are predominantly biogeographically structured with a dichotomy Neotropics vs Paleotropics. They are discussed in relation to the morpho-ecological types. Citation: Jerusalem M, Amalfi M, Yombiyeni P, Castillo G, Decock C (2025). A comprehensive multigene phylogeny of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota), with an emphasis on tropical African species. Persoonia 54: 1-46. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.01.