Persoonia最新文献

Here we explore the diversity of one morphologically distinguishable genus in the Mucoromycotina, Backusella, in south-eastern Australia. We isolated more than 200 strains from locations across the states of Victoria and Tasmania. Characterization of these strains using a combination of approaches including morphology, sucrose utilization and whole genome sequencing for 13 strains, revealed 10 new species. The genetic basis for interspecies variation in sucrose utilization was found to be the presence of a gene encoding an invertase enzyme. The genus Backusella is revised and a new key for species identification produced. Given that we have more than doubled the number of species in this genus, this work demonstrates that there may be considerable undiscovered species diversity in the early diverging fungal lineages. Citation: Urquhart AS, Douch JK, Heafield TA, et al. 2021. Diversity of Backusella (Mucoromycotina) in south-eastern Australia revealed through polyphasic taxonomy. Persoonia 46: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.01.

The Botryosphaeriales (Dothideomycetes) includes numerous endophytic, saprobic, and plant pathogenic species associated with a wide range of symptoms, most commonly on woody plants. In a recent phylogenetic treatment of 499 isolates in the culture collection (CBS) of the Westerdijk Institute, we evaluated the families and genera accommodated in this order of important fungi. The present study presents multigene phylogenetic analyses for an additional 230 isolates, using ITS, tef1, tub2, LSU and rpb2 loci, in combination with morphological data. Based on these data, 58 species are reduced to synonymy, and eight novel species are described. They include Diplodia afrocarpi (Afrocarpus, South Africa), Dothiorella diospyricola (Diospyros, South Africa), Lasiodiplodia acaciae (Acacia, Indonesia), Neofusicoccum podocarpi (Podocarpus, South Africa), N. rapaneae (Rapanea, South Africa), Phaeobotryon ulmi (Ulmus, Germany), Saccharata grevilleae (Grevillea, Australia) and S. hakeiphila (Hakea, Australia). The results have clarified the identity of numerous isolates that lacked Latin binomials or had been deposited under incorrect names in the CBS collection in the past. They also provide a solid foundation for more in-depth future studies on taxa in the order. Sequences of the tef1, tub2 and rpb2 genes proved to be the most reliable markers. At the species level, results showed that the most informative genes were inconsistent, but that a combination of four candidate barcodes (ITS, tef1, tub2 and rpb2) provided reliable resolution. Furthermore, given the large number of additional isolates included in this study, and newly generated multigene DNA datasets, several species could also be reduced to synonymy. The study illustrates the value of reassessing the identity of older collections in culture collections utilising modern taxonomic frameworks and methods. Citation: Zhang W, Groenewald JZ, Lombard L, et al. 2021. Evaluating species in Botryosphaeriales. Persoonia 46: 63-115. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.03.

The focus of this paper is the North American species of Cortinarius in subg. Leprocybe. Eighteen species, including twelve new ones, and two tentative (aff.) species, are delimited based on morphological and molecular data (DNA ITS-LSU sequences). Existing type specimens of species in subg. Leprocybe were also studied, and neo- or epitypes designated for C. cotoneus, C. melanotus, C. phrygianus and C. venetus to stabilize the nomenclature. In addition, to improve the infrasubgeneric classification of Leprocybe three new sections are proposed: sect. Fuscotomentosi, sect. Melanoti and sect. Squamiveneti. This study adds substantial information to the knowledge of subg. Leprocybe in North America against a background of European species. To date only two species, C. phrygianus and C. squamivenetus have been reported from both continents. Citation: Ammirati J, Liimatainen K, Bojantchev D, et al. 2021. Cortinarius subgenus Leprocybe, unexpected diversity and significant differences in species compositions between western and eastern North America. Persoonia 46: 216-239. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.08.

The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) includes more than 60 phylogenetic species (phylospecies) with both phytopathological and clinical importance. Because of their economical relevance, a stable taxonomy and nomenclature is crucial for species in the FFSC. To attain this goal, we examined type specimens and representative cultures of several species by employing morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on partial gene fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), beta-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA), RNA polymerase largest subunit (rpb1) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2). Based on these results three new species were delimited in the FFSC. Two of these phylospecies clustered within the African clade, and one in the American clade. Epitypes were also designated for six previously described FFSC species including F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, and a neotype designated for F. subglutinans. Furthermore, both F. acutatum and F. ophioides, which were previously invalidly published, are validated. Citation: Yilmaz N, Sandoval-Denis M, Lombard L, et al. 2021. Redefining species limits in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. Persoonia 46: 129-162. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.05.

The circumscription and composition of the Hyaloscyphaceae are controversial and based on poorly sampled or unsupported phylogenies. The generic limits within the hyaloscyphoid fungi are also very poorly understood. To address this issue, a robust five-gene Bayesian phylogeny (LSU, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α, mtSSU; 5521 bp) with a focus on the core group of Hyaloscyphaceae and Arachnopezizaceae is presented here, with comparative morphological and histochemical characters. A wide representative sampling of Hyaloscypha supports it as monophyletic and shows H. aureliella (subgenus Eupezizella) to be a strongly supported sister taxon. Reinforced by distinguishing morphological features, Eupezizella is here recognised as a separate genus, comprising E. aureliella, E. britannica, E. roseoguttata and E. nipponica (previously treated in Hyaloscypha). In a sister group to the Hyaloscypha-Eupezizella clade a new genus, Mimicoscypha, is created for three seldom collected and poorly understood species, M. lacrimiformis, M. mimica (nom. nov.) and M. paludosa, previously treated in Phialina, Hyaloscypha and Eriopezia, respectively. The Arachnopezizaceae is polyphyletic, because Arachnoscypha forms a monophyletic group with Polydesmia pruinosa, distant to Arachnopeziza and Eriopezia; in addition, Arachnopeziza variepilosa represents an early diverging lineage in Hyaloscyphaceae s.str. The hyphae originating from the base of the apothecia in Arachnoscypha are considered anchoring hyphae (vs a subiculum) and Arachnoscypha is excluded from Arachnopezizaceae. A new genus, Resinoscypha, is established to accommodate Arachnopeziza variepilosa and A. monoseptata, originally described in Protounguicularia. Mimicoscypha and Resinoscypha are distinguished among hyaloscyphoid fungi by long tapering multiseptate hairs that are not dextrinoid or glassy, in combination with ectal excipulum cells with deep amyloid nodules. Unique to Resinoscypha is cyanophilous resinous content in the hairs concentrated at the apex and septa. Small intensely amyloid nodules in the hairs are furthermore characteristic for Resinoscypha and Eupezizella. To elucidate species limits and diversity in Arachnopeziza, mainly from Northern Europe, we applied genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) using analyses of individual datasets (ITS, LSU, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α) and comparative morphology. Eight species were identified as highly supported and reciprocally monophyletic. Four of these are newly discovered species, with two formally described here, viz. A. estonica and A. ptilidiophila. In addition, Belonium sphagnisedum, which compl

Molecular phylogenies in the past decade have demonstrated that the described diversity of Cortinarius is still underestimated, especially outside continental and boreal ecoregions where the genus has been historically investigated. We tackled this issue by revisiting the so far unresolved subgenus Leprocybe, and focused on the largely unexplored Mediterranean hotspot of biodiversity. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 161 vouchered collections from Austria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Italy and Spain, including 16 types, allowed for the delineation of 11 species in this lineage, three of them recognised as new to science and formally introduced as C. jimenezianus, C. selinolens and C. viridans spp. nov., respectively. Interestingly, the newly described species exhibit a strict Mediterranean distribution, and one of them is putatively endemic to the island of Cyprus, highlighting the remarkable potential of this neglected ecoregion to uncover further undescribed diversity of Cortinarius in the future. The present work also unveils 23 synonymies in this subgenus, as well as previously undetected crypticism within C. venetus. Next Generation Sequencing carried out on three old and contaminated holotypes, successfully decrypts their phylogenetic identity, including that of C. leproleptopus, finally settling the long-standing controversy over the taxonomic status of this species. A brief overview of each species in the subgenus is lastly provided and a key is proposed to facilitate the identification of presently known European taxa of Leprocybe in the field. Citation: Bidaud A, Loizides M, Armada F, et al. 2021. Cortinarius subgenus Leprocybe in Europe: expanded Sanger and Next Generation Sequencing unveil unexpected diversity in the Mediterranean. Persoonia 46: 188-215. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.07.

Recent studies on the fungal families Lophiostomataceae and Lophiotremataceae (Pleosporales) have provided varying phylogenetic and taxonomic results concerning constituent genera and species. By adding DNA sequences of 24 new strains of Lophiostomataceae and nine new strains of Lophiotremataceae to a sequence data matrix from international databases, we provide a new understanding of the relationships within these families. Multigene analysis of the four molecular markers ITS, LSU, TEF1-α, and RPB2 reveals that the genera within Lophio-tremataceae are phylogenetically well supported. Lophiostoma myriocarpum is recognised as a species of Lophiotrema in contrast to earlier concepts. In Lophiostomataceae, we resurrect a broad generic concept of the genus Lophiostoma and reduce 14 genera to synonymy: Alpestrisphaeria, Biappendiculispora, Capulatispora, Coelodictyosporium, Guttulispora, Lophiohelichrysum, Lophiopoacea, Neopaucispora, Neotrematosphaeria, Platystomum, Pseudocapulatispora, Pseudolophiostoma, Pseudoplatystomum, and Sigarispora. Nine new species are described based on molecular data and in most cases supported by morphological characters: Antealophiotrema populicola, Atrocalyx nordicus, Lophiostoma carpini, Lophiostoma dictyosporium, Lophiostoma erumpens, Lophiostoma fusisporum, Lophiostoma jotunheimenense, Lophiostoma plantaginis, and Lophiostoma submuriforme. Lophiostoma caespitosum and Lophiotrema myriocarpum are lecto- and epitypified to stabilise their species concepts. High intraspecific variability of several morphological traits is common within Lophiostomataceae. Citation: Andreasen M, Skrede I, Jaklitsch WM, et al. 2021. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of lophiostomatoid fungi motivates a broad concept of Lophiostoma and reveals nine new species. Persoonia 46: 240-271. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.09.