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Deciphering Acclimation to Sublethal Combined and Sequential Abiotic Stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana 解读拟南芥对亚致死联合和连续非生物胁迫的适应性
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae581
Zhang Jiang, Ava Verhoeven, Yihong Li, Romy Geertsma, Rashmi Sasidharan, Martijn van Zanten
Plants are frequently exposed to environmental challenges. Responses to sub-lethal abiotic stress combinations are complex and often distinct from responses to individual stresses and remain poorly understood. Investigating traits and molecular factors mediating acclimation to stress combinations is essential for the development of climate change-resilient field crops. Here, we studied the morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to i) co-occurring high temperature and drought and ii) flooding followed by drought, both of which have increased in frequency due to climate change, and the individual component stresses: high temperature, drought and flooding. A set of 15 physiological and morphological traits were assessed during single and combined stresses. By combining these comprehensive trait analyses with transcriptome characterization, we established the generally additive negative effects of simultaneous or sequential stresses on plant morphology and physiology compared to the corresponding individual stresses. Although drought had a mild effect on various growth, morphological and physiological traits in both stress combinations, a unique transcriptome signature emerged upon combination with high temperature simultaneously or flooding sequentially. Molecular processes identified as important for multi-stress resilience included plastid-nucleus communication, ABA signaling and photo-acclimation. Based on the RNA-seq data, a set of 39 genes was identified as potential multi-stress response regulators. Mutants were tested to validate the contribution of these genes to plant survival and phenotypic acclimation under combined stress. We confirmed the involvement of several genes in regulating phenotypic acclimation traits. Among the identified factors were EARLY FLOWERING 6 (ELF6) and ARABIDOPSIS TÓXICOS EN LEVADURA 80 (ATL80), with substantial effects on plant growth, leaf development and plant survival (wilting) during high-temperature drought and post-submergence drought, respectively.
植物经常面临环境挑战。植物对亚致死非生物胁迫组合的反应非常复杂,而且往往不同于对单个胁迫的反应,人们对这些反应仍然知之甚少。研究介导适应胁迫组合的性状和分子因素对于开发具有气候变化适应能力的大田作物至关重要。在此,我们研究了拟南芥对以下两种胁迫的形态、生理和分子反应:①同时出现的高温和干旱;②先涝后旱(这两种胁迫因气候变化而出现的频率增加);以及高温、干旱和涝等单个胁迫。在单一胁迫和综合胁迫下,对一组 15 个生理和形态特征进行了评估。通过将这些综合性状分析与转录组特征分析相结合,我们确定了与相应的单个胁迫相比,同时或连续的胁迫对植物形态和生理的影响通常是相加的负效应。虽然在两种胁迫组合中,干旱对各种生长、形态和生理性状的影响都很轻微,但在同时与高温或连续与水淹组合时,却出现了独特的转录组特征。经鉴定,多胁迫恢复能力的重要分子过程包括质体-细胞核交流、ABA 信号转导和光适应。根据 RNA-seq 数据,一组 39 个基因被确定为潜在的多重胁迫响应调节因子。我们对突变体进行了测试,以验证这些基因在联合胁迫下对植物存活和表型适应的贡献。我们证实了多个基因参与了表型适应性状的调控。在已确定的因子中,早花6(ELF6)和ARABIDOPSIS TÓXICOS EN LEVADURA 80(ATL80)分别对高温干旱和淹没后干旱期间的植物生长、叶片发育和植物存活(萎蔫)有重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in seed hypoxia research – an updated review 种子缺氧研究进展--最新综述
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae556
Hardy Rolletschek, Ljudmilla Borisjuk, Eva Maria Gómez-Álvrez, Chiara Pucciariello
Seeds represent essential stages of the plant life cycle: embryogenesis, the intermittent quiescence phase and germination. Each stage has its own physiological requirements, genetic program and environmental challenges. Consequently, the effects of developmental and environmental hypoxia can vary from detrimental to beneficial. Past and recent evidence shows how low-oxygen signalling and metabolic adaptations to hypoxia affect seed development and germination. Here, we review the recent literature on seed biology in relation to hypoxia research, and present our perspective on key challenges and opportunities for future investigations.
种子代表了植物生命周期的重要阶段:胚胎发生、间歇静止期和发芽。每个阶段都有自己的生理要求、遗传程序和环境挑战。因此,发育和环境缺氧的影响可能是有害的,也可能是有益的。过去和最近的证据表明,低氧信号和新陈代谢对低氧的适应如何影响种子的发育和萌发。在此,我们回顾了与缺氧研究相关的种子生物学最新文献,并就未来研究的主要挑战和机遇提出了我们的观点。
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引用次数: 0
MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 regulates LONELY GUY 5-mediated cytokinin metabolism to promote drought tolerance in cotton MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 调节 LONELY GUY 5 介导的细胞分裂素代谢,促进棉花的抗旱性
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae580
Chuan Chen, Dayong Zhang, Xin Niu, Xuanxiang Jin, Huijuan Xu, Weixi Li, Wangzhen Guo
Ubiquitination plays important roles in modulating the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. Drought seriously restricts agricultural production, but how ubiquitination participates in regulating drought tolerance remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a drought-inducible gene, MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 (GhMIEL1), which encodes a RING E3 ubiquitin ligase in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). GhMIEL1 was strongly induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression and knockdown of GhMIEL1 in cotton substantially enhanced and reduced drought tolerance, respectively. GhMIEL1 interacted with the MYB transcription factor GhMYB66 and could ubiquitinate and degrade it in vitro. GhMYB66 directly bound to the LONELY GUY 5 (GhLOG5) promoter, a gene encoding cytokinin riboside 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase, to repress its transcription. Overexpression of GhMIEL1 and silencing of GhMYB66 altered the homeostasis of cytokinin of plant roots, increased total root length and number of root tips, and enhanced plant drought tolerance. Conversely, silencing GhLOG5 decreased total root length and number of root tips and reduced plant drought tolerance. Our studies reveal that the GhMIEL1-GhMYB66-GhLOG5 module positively regulates drought tolerance in cotton, which deepens our understanding of plant ubiquitination-mediated drought tolerance and provides insights for improving drought tolerance.
泛素化在调节植物的非生物胁迫耐受性方面发挥着重要作用。干旱严重制约了农业生产,但泛素化如何参与调控抗旱性仍是一个未知数。在这里,我们在棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)中发现了一个干旱诱导基因--MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1(GhMIEL1),它编码一种RING E3泛素连接酶。聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)和植物激素脱落酸(ABA)能强烈诱导 GhMIEL1。在棉花中过表达和敲除 GhMIEL1 分别大大提高和降低了耐旱性。GhMIEL1 与 MYB 转录因子 GhMYB66 相互作用,并能在体外泛素化和降解它。GhMYB66 直接与编码细胞分裂素核苷-5'-单磷酸磷酸核苷水解酶的基因 LONELY GUY 5(GhLOG5)启动子结合,抑制其转录。过表达 GhMIEL1 和沉默 GhMYB66 改变了植物根部细胞分裂素的平衡,增加了根的总长度和根尖数量,并增强了植物的耐旱性。相反,沉默 GhLOG5 会减少根的总长度和根尖数量,降低植物的耐旱性。我们的研究揭示了 GhMIEL1-GhMYB66-GhLOG5 模块正向调控棉花的耐旱性,加深了我们对泛素化介导的植物耐旱性的理解,为提高耐旱性提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
Memories that last: Epigenetic regulation of cold stress response prepares plants for subsequent stress events. 持久的记忆冷胁迫反应的表观遗传调控为植物应对后续的胁迫事件做好了准备。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae579
Aida Maric
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引用次数: 0
Leaf nutrient basis for the differentiation of photosynthetic traits between subtropical evergreen and deciduous trees 亚热带常绿树和落叶树光合特性差异的叶片营养基础
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae566
Qi Shi, Bin He, Jürgen Knauer, Jose Javier Peguero-Pina, Shi-Bao Zhang, Wei Huang
Compared to evergreens, deciduous tree species usually have higher photosynthetic efficiency to complete vegetative and reproductive growth in a shorter growing season. However, the nutrient basis for the differentiation of photosynthesis functional traits between evergreen and deciduous tree species has not yet been clarified. Thirty evergreen and twenty deciduous angiosperm tree species from a subtropical common garden were compared in terms of photosynthetic traits and leaf nutrients. Generally, their differences in area-based photosynthetic capacity were uncorrelated with area-based leaf nutrient content but were caused by the fraction of nitrogen allocated to photosynthetic components. By comparison, the differences in mass-based photosynthetic capacity were more correlated with leaf nitrogen content than leaf phosphorus and potassium content. Convergence in phosphorus and potassium constraints to photosynthesis occurred in deciduous tree species but not in evergreen tree species. Furthermore, leaf C/N ratio played a more significant role than leaf mass per area in determining the differentiation of photosynthetic traits between evergreen and deciduous groups. Our findings provide insight into the nutrient basis for photosynthetic carbon gain and functional strategies across trees species.
与常绿树种相比,落叶树种通常具有更高的光合效率,能在更短的生长期内完成无性和生殖生长。然而,常绿树种和落叶树种之间光合作用功能特性差异的营养基础尚未明确。研究人员比较了亚热带普通花园中 30 种常绿和 20 种落叶被子植物的光合作用特征和叶片养分。一般来说,它们在以面积为基础的光合作用能力方面的差异与以面积为基础的叶片养分含量无关,而是由分配给光合作用成分的氮的比例造成的。相比之下,质量光合作用能力的差异与叶片氮含量的相关性大于叶片磷和钾含量。磷和钾对光合作用的限制在落叶树种中趋同,而在常绿树种中则没有。此外,在决定常绿树种和落叶树种之间光合作用特征的差异方面,叶片C/N比比单位面积叶片质量起着更重要的作用。我们的研究结果有助于深入了解不同树种光合增碳的营养基础和功能策略。
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引用次数: 0
Origin and evolution of the blue light receptor cryptochromes (CRY1/2) in aquatic angiosperms 水生被子植物蓝光受体隐色体(CRY1/2)的起源与进化
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae568
Bei Lu, Wei Li, Yue Zhang, Jinming Chen
Cryptochromes (CRYs), which are responsible for sensing blue light in plants, play a critical role in regulating blue light signals and circadian rhythms. However, their functions extend beyond light detection, as they also aid plants in adapting to stress and potentially other regulatory mechanisms. Aquatic angiosperms, which independently evolved from various angiosperm lineages, have developed specific adaptations to unique light qualities and environmental stressors found in aquatic habitats compared to terrestrial ones. It was hypothesized that the sequences and regulatory networks of angiosperm CRY1/2 underwent adaptive evolution in different aquatic angiosperm lineages. To test this hypothesis, we compiled comprehensive datasets consisting of 55 green plant genomes (including 37 angiosperm genomes), 80 angiosperm transcriptomes, and 4 angiosperm expression networks. Through comparative analysis, we found that CRY1 originated from a common ancestor of seed plants, whereas CRY2 originated from a common ancestor of land plants. In angiosperms, the CRY1/2 sequences of aquatic lineages exhibited positive selection, and the conserved valine-proline (VP) motif of CRY2 showed a convergent loss in two aquatic species. Co-expressed genes associated with blue light receptors (CRY) showed adaptations to aquatic environments, specifically in relation to flooding and osmotic stress. These discoveries shed light on the adaptive evolution of CRY1/2, encompassing their origins, sequences, and regulatory networks. Furthermore, these results provide valuable insights for investigating the uncharacterized functions and regulatory pathways of CRY and offer potential targets for enhancing growth and adaptation in agricultural plants.
隐色体(CRYs)负责感知植物体内的蓝光,在调节蓝光信号和昼夜节律方面起着至关重要的作用。然而,隐色体的功能并不局限于光探测,它们还能帮助植物适应压力,并可能帮助植物适应其他调节机制。水生被子植物是由不同的被子植物系独立进化而来的,与陆生被子植物相比,水生被子植物对水生栖息地独特的光质和环境压力有特殊的适应性。我们假设,被子植物 CRY1/2 的序列和调控网络在不同的水生被子植物系中经历了适应性进化。为了验证这一假设,我们汇编了由 55 个绿色植物基因组(包括 37 个被子植物基因组)、80 个被子植物转录组和 4 个被子植物表达网络组成的综合数据集。通过比较分析,我们发现CRY1起源于种子植物的共同祖先,而CRY2起源于陆生植物的共同祖先。在被子植物中,水生品系的 CRY1/2 序列表现出正向选择,而 CRY2 的保守缬氨酸-脯氨酸(VP)基序在两个水生物种中表现出趋同性缺失。与蓝光受体(CRY)相关的共表达基因显示出对水生环境的适应性,特别是与洪水和渗透压相关的适应性。这些发现揭示了 CRY1/2 的适应性进化,包括其起源、序列和调控网络。此外,这些结果为研究 CRY 的未表征功能和调控途径提供了宝贵的见解,并为提高农业植物的生长和适应性提供了潜在的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolic strategies in hypoxic plants 缺氧植物的代谢策略
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae564
Hans van Veen, Paolo Maria Triozzi, Elena Loreti
Complex multicellular organisms have evolved in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. Oxygen is therefore essential for all aerobic organisms including plants, for energy production through cellular respiration. However, plants can experience hypoxia following extreme flooding events and also under aerated conditions in proliferative organs or tissues characterized by high oxygen consumption. When oxygen availability is compromised, plants adopt different strategies to cope with hypoxia and limited aeration. A common feature among different plant species is the activation of an anaerobic fermentative metabolism to provide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to maintain cellular homeostasis under hypoxia. Fermentation also requires many sugar substrates, which is not always feasible, and alternative metabolic strategies are thus needed. Recent findings have also shown that the hypoxic metabolism is also active in specific organs or tissues of the plant under aerated conditions. Here, we describe the regulatory mechanisms that control the metabolic strategies of plants and how they enable them to thrive despite challenging conditions. A comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the genetic and physiological components underlying hypoxic metabolism should help to provide opportunities to improve plant resilience under the current climate change scenario.
复杂的多细胞生物是在富氧环境中进化而来的。因此,氧气是包括植物在内的所有需氧生物通过细胞呼吸产生能量所必需的。然而,植物在极端洪涝事件后会出现缺氧,在增殖器官或组织的通气条件下也会出现高耗氧量。当氧气供应受到影响时,植物会采取不同的策略来应对缺氧和有限的通气条件。不同植物物种的一个共同特征是启动厌氧发酵新陈代谢,以提供三磷酸腺苷(ATP),从而在缺氧条件下维持细胞平衡。发酵也需要许多糖底物,但这并不总是可行的,因此需要替代的代谢策略。最近的研究结果还表明,在通气条件下,缺氧代谢在植物的特定器官或组织中也很活跃。在此,我们将介绍控制植物代谢策略的调控机制,以及这些机制如何使植物在充满挑战的条件下茁壮成长。从机制上全面了解缺氧代谢的遗传和生理基础,将有助于提供机会,提高植物在当前气候变化情况下的恢复能力。
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引用次数: 0
The transcription factor TaFDL2-1A functions in auxin metabolism mediated by abscisic acid to regulate shoot growth in wheat 转录因子 TaFDL2-1A 在脱落酸介导的辅助素代谢中发挥调节小麦嫩枝生长的功能
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae569
Bingxin Wang, Ling Zhou, Liqun Li, Daqin Pang, Yanhong Lei, Haodong Qi, Birong Chen, Meirui Guo, Qinghong Zeng, Yanzhou Xie, Xuejun Li
Genetic strategies can be effective in improving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) drought stress tolerance, but accumulating evidence suggests that overexpressing drought-resistance genes, especially genes related to the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, can retard plant growth. We previously characterized the positive roles of the wheat bZIP transcription factor TaFD-Like2-1A (TaFDL2-1A) in drought stress tolerance and ABA biosynthesis and response, whereas a dwarfing shoot exhibited under normal conditions. This study determined the underlying mechanisms that allow TaFDL2-1A to affect shoot growth. Overexpressing TaFDL2-1A decreased cell length, cell width, leaf size, shoot length, and biomass in wheat. The results of RNA-seq showed that multiple differently expressed transcripts are enriched in the auxin signaling pathway. Further analysis indicated higher expression levels of Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) genes and lower indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations in the TaFDL2-1A overexpression lines. Exogenous IAA treatment restored the phenotypes of the TaFDL2-1A overexpression lines to wild-type levels. Transcriptional regulation analysis suggested that TaFDL2-1A enhances the expression of auxin metabolism genes, such as TaGH3.2-3A, TaGH3.2-3B, TaGH3.8-2A, and TaGH3.8-2D, by directly binding to ACGT core cis-elements. Furthermore, tafdl2 knock-out plants had lower expression levels of these GH3 genes and higher IAA levels than Fielder wheat. These GH3 gene expression and IAA levels were induced and reduced in Fielder wheat and tafdl2 knock-out plants treated with exogenous ABA. Our findings elucidate mechanisms underlying the functional redundancy of TaFDL2-1A in the crosstalk between ABA and IAA to affect shoot growth and provide insights into the balance between drought resistance and yield in wheat.
遗传策略可以有效提高小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的干旱胁迫耐受性,但越来越多的证据表明,过度表达抗旱基因,尤其是与脱落酸(ABA)信号通路相关的基因,会阻碍植物生长。我们以前研究了小麦 bZIP 转录因子 TaFD-Like2-1A (TaFDL2-1A)在干旱胁迫耐受性、ABA 生物合成和响应中的积极作用,而在正常条件下则表现出矮化芽。本研究确定了 TaFDL2-1A 影响嫩枝生长的潜在机制。过表达 TaFDL2-1A 会降低小麦的细胞长度、细胞宽度、叶片大小、嫩枝长度和生物量。RNA-seq 的结果显示,多种不同表达的转录本富集在辅助素信号通路中。进一步分析表明,TaFDL2-1A过表达株中格雷琴-哈根3(GH3)基因表达水平较高,吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)浓度较低。外源 IAA 处理使 TaFDL2-1A 过表达株的表型恢复到野生型水平。转录调控分析表明,TaFDL2-1A通过直接与ACGT核心顺式元件结合,增强了TaGH3.2-3A、TaGH3.2-3B、TaGH3.8-2A和TaGH3.8-2D等辅素代谢基因的表达。此外,与菲尔德小麦相比,tafdl2 基因敲除植株的这些 GH3 基因表达水平较低,而 IAA 水平较高。这些 GH3 基因的表达和 IAA 水平在外源 ABA 处理的 Fielder 小麦和 tafdl2 基因敲除植株中被诱导和降低。我们的研究结果阐明了 TaFDL2-1A 在 ABA 和 IAA 之间的相互作用中影响芽生长的功能冗余机制,并为小麦抗旱性和产量之间的平衡提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Plasma membrane and cytoplasmic compartmentalization: a dynamic structural framework required for pollen tube tip growth 质膜和细胞质分区:花粉管尖端生长所需的动态结构框架
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae558
Carolin Fritz, Theresa Maria Reimann, Jeremy Adler, Johanna Knab, Sylwia Schulmeister, Choy Kriechbaum, Sabine Müller, Ingela Parmryd, Benedikt Kost
Rapid, unidirectional pollen tube tip growth is essential for fertilization and is widely employed as a model of polar cell expansion, a process crucial for plant morphogenesis. Different proteins and lipids with key functions in the control of polar cell expansion are associated with distinct domains of the plasma membrane (PM) at the pollen tube tip. These domains need to be dynamically maintained during tip growth, which depends on massive secretory and endocytic membrane trafficking. Very little is currently known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the compartmentalization of the pollen tube PM. To provide a reliable structural framework for the further characterization of these mechanisms, an integrated quantitative map was compiled of the relative positions in normally growing Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) pollen tubes of PM domains 1) enriched in key signaling proteins or lipids, 2) displaying high membrane order, or 3) in contact with cytoplasmic structures playing important roles in apical membrane trafficking. Previously identified secretory and endocytic PM domains were also included into this map. Internalization of regulatory proteins or lipids associated with PM regions overlapping with the lateral endocytic domain was assessed based on brefeldin A (BFA) treatment. These analyses revealed remarkable aspects of the structural organization of tobacco pollen tube tips, which 1) enhance our understanding of cellular and regulatory processes underlying tip growth, and 2) highlight important areas of future research.
快速、单向的花粉管顶端生长对受精至关重要,并被广泛用作极性细胞扩增的模型,而极性细胞扩增是植物形态发生的关键过程。在控制极性细胞扩展过程中起关键作用的不同蛋白质和脂质与花粉管顶端质膜(PM)的不同结构域有关。在花粉管顶端生长过程中,这些膜域需要动态维持,而这取决于大量的分泌膜和内细胞膜贩运。目前,人们对花粉管质膜分区的分子和细胞机制知之甚少。为了给这些机制的进一步表征提供一个可靠的结构框架,我们对正常生长的烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)花粉管中 1)富含关键信号蛋白或脂质;2)显示高膜序;或 3)与在顶端膜贩运中起重要作用的细胞质结构相接触的 PM 结构域的相对位置绘制了一张综合定量图。之前确定的分泌型和内吞型 PM 结构域也被纳入了这一图谱。与横向内吞结构域重叠的 PM 区域相关的调节蛋白或脂质的内化情况是根据布雷非德菌素 A(BFA)处理进行评估的。这些分析揭示了烟草花粉管顶端结构组织的重要方面,1)加深了我们对顶端生长的细胞和调控过程的理解,2)突出了未来研究的重要领域。
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引用次数: 0
Na+-driven pH regulation by Na+/H+ antiporters promotes photosynthetic efficiency in cyanobacteria. 通过 Na+/H+ 反载体调节 Na+ 驱动的 pH 值可提高蓝藻的光合效率。
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae562
Masaru Tsujii,Ayumu Kobayashi,Ayaka Kano,Kota Kera,Tomoko Takagi,Noriko Nagata,Seiji Kojima,Kouki Hikosaka,Riichi Oguchi,Kintake Sonoike,Chihiro Azai,Tomomi Inagaki,Yasuhiro Ishimaru,Nobuyuki Uozumi
Photosynthetic organisms have developed mechanisms to regulate light reactions in response to varying light conditions. Photosynthetic electron transport leads to the formation of a ΔpH across the thylakoid membrane, which is crucial for regulating electron transport. However, other pH modulators remain to be identified, particularly in cyanobacteria. In this study, we evaluated the potential involvement of six Na+/H+ antiporters (NhaS1-NhaS6) in control of pH in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Synechocystis showed a strong requirement for Na+ at high light intensities, with ΔnhaS1 and ΔnhaS2 strains unable to grow under high light conditions. We analyzed Na+ efflux-driven H+-uptake activities of NhaS1-NhaS6 in inverted membranes of Escherichia coli. Biological fractionation and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that NhaS1 localizes to both the plasma and thylakoid membranes while NhaS2 localizes to the plasma membrane. Measurement of photosynthesis activity indicated that NhaS2 promotes ATP production and electron transport from PQ to P700. Measurements of pH outside of the cells and in the cytoplasm suggested that both NhaS1 and NhaS2 are involved in plasma membrane-mediated light-dependent H+ uptake and cytoplasmic acidification. NhaS1 and NhaS2 were also found to prevent photoinhibition under high light treatment. These results indicate that H+ transport mediated by NhaS1 and NhaS2 plays a role in regulating intracellular pH and maintaining photosynthetic electron transport.
光合生物已经发展出一套机制来调节光反应,以应对不同的光照条件。光合电子传递导致在类木质膜上形成ΔpH,这对调节电子传递至关重要。然而,其他 pH 调节因子仍有待确定,尤其是在蓝藻中。在本研究中,我们评估了六种 Na+/H+ 反转运体(NhaS1-NhaS6)在蓝藻 Synechocystis sp.Synechocystis 在高光照强度下对 Na+ 有强烈需求,ΔnhaS1 和 ΔnhaS2 菌株无法在高光照条件下生长。我们分析了大肠杆菌倒膜中 NhaS1-NhaS6 的 Na+ 外流驱动的 H+ 摄取活性。生物分馏和免疫电镜检查发现,NhaS1定位于质膜和类囊体膜,而NhaS2定位于质膜。对光合作用活性的测定表明,NhaS2 促进了 ATP 的产生以及从 PQ 到 P700 的电子传递。对细胞外和细胞质中 pH 值的测量表明,NhaS1 和 NhaS2 都参与了质膜介导的光依赖性 H+吸收和细胞质酸化。研究还发现,NhaS1 和 NhaS2 还能防止强光处理下的光抑制。这些结果表明,NhaS1 和 NhaS2 介导的 H+ 转运在调节细胞内 pH 值和维持光合电子传递方面发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Plant Physiology
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