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The HAT1 transcription factor regulates photomorphogenesis and skotomorphogenesis via phytohormone levels. HAT1转录因子通过植物激素水平调控光形态发生和矮化形态发生。
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae542
Yuqing Zhao,Qing Han,Xinke Kang,Wenrong Tan,Xiuhong Yao,Yang Zhang,Haoyu Shi,Ran Xia,Xuemei Wu,Honghui Lin,Dawei Zhang
Plants dynamically modulate their growth and development to acclimate to the fluctuating light environment via a complex phytohormone network. However, the dynamic molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying how plants regulate phytohormones during skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we identified a HD-ZIP II transcription factor, HOMEODOMAIN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA1 (HAT1), as a key node that modulates the dose effects of brassinosteroids (BR) and auxin on hypocotyl growth during skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis. Compared with the wild-type (Col-0), both HAT1 loss of function and its overexpression led to disrupted photomorphogenic and skotomorphogenic hypocotyl growth. HAT1 overexpression (HAT1OX) plants displayed longer hypocotyls in the light but shorter hypocotyls in darkness, whereas the triple mutant hat1hat2hat3 showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, we found that CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) interacted with dephosphorylated HAT1 and facilitated the degradation of HAT1 by ubiquitination in darkness, while HAT1 was phosphorylated and stabilized by BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) in the light. Interestingly, we observed distinct dose-dependent effects of BR and auxin on hypocotyl elongation under varying light conditions and that HAT1 functioned as a key node in this process. The shorter hypocotyl of HAT1OX in darkness was due to the inhibition of BR biosynthetic gene BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE2 (BR6OX2) expression to reduce BRs content, while brassinolide (BL) treatment alleviated this growth repression. In the light, HAT1 inhibited BR biosynthesis but enhanced auxin signaling by directly repressing IAA3/SHORT HYPOCOTYL 2 (SHY2) expression. Our findings uncover a dual function of HAT1 in regulating BR biosynthesis and auxin signaling that is crucial for ensuring proper skotomorphogenic and photomorphogenic growth.
植物通过复杂的植物激素网络动态调节其生长和发育,以适应波动的光照环境。然而,植物在脱落形态发生和光形态发生过程中如何调控植物激素的动态分子调控机制在很大程度上是未知的。在这里,我们发现了一个 HD-ZIP II 转录因子--HOMEODOMAIN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA1(HAT1),它是在矮壮素(BR)和叶黄素对下胚轴生长的剂量效应进行调节的关键节点。与野生型(Col-0)相比,HAT1 的功能缺失和过表达都会导致光生和矮生下胚轴生长的紊乱。HAT1过表达(HAT1OX)植株在光照下表现出较长的下胚轴,但在黑暗中表现出较短的下胚轴,而三重突变体hat1hat2hat3则表现出相反的表型。此外,我们还发现,在黑暗条件下,CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1(COP1)与去磷酸化的 HAT1 相互作用,并通过泛素化促进 HAT1 的降解,而在光照条件下,HAT1 被磷酸化,并被 BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2(BIN2)稳定。有趣的是,我们观察到在不同的光照条件下,BR 和叶黄素对下胚轴伸长的影响具有不同的剂量依赖性,而 HAT1 在这一过程中起着关键节点的作用。在黑暗条件下,HAT1OX的下胚轴较短是由于抑制了BR生物合成基因BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE2(BR6OX2)的表达,从而降低了BRs的含量,而黄铜内酯(BL)处理则缓解了这种生长抑制。在光照下,HAT1抑制BR的生物合成,但通过直接抑制IAA3/SHORT HYPOCOTYL 2(SHY2)的表达,增强了辅助素信号转导。我们的研究结果揭示了 HAT1 在调节 BR 生物合成和植物生长素信号转导方面的双重功能,这种功能对于确保正常的矮生和光生生长至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Citrus yellow vein clearing virus infection triggers phloem remobilization of iron- and zinc-nicotianamine in citrus. 柑橘黄筋清病毒感染引发柑橘韧皮部铁锌菸胺的再动员。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae528
Tianchi Jiang, Jiuzhou Chen, Kuan Xu, Bone Sharon, Luxi Li, Jiansheng Guo, Lianghui Liu, Jun Ge, Haizhong Lin, Shengke Tian, Lingli Lu

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is a worldwide and highly destructive disease of citrus, but the mechanisms involved in CYVCV-inhibited plant growth are not well understood. This study examined nutrient levels and their cellular distribution in different organs of healthy and CYVCV-affected citrus (Citrus reticulata 'Kanpei') plants. We found that CYVCV-infected plants exhibit characteristic symptoms, including a significant reduction in iron (Fe) and other elemental nutrients in the shoots. Our data suggest that CYVCV-induced chlorosis in citrus leaf veins is primarily due to iron deficiency, leading to reduced chlorophyll synthesis. Further analysis revealed a marked decrease in iron concentration within the pith and xylem of citrus petioles post-CYVCV infection, contrasting with increased Fe and zinc (Zn) concentrations in the phloem. Moreover, a substantial accumulation of starch granules was observed in the pith, xylem, and phloem vessels of infected plants, with vessel blockage due to starch accumulation reaching up to 81%, thus significantly obstructing Fe transport in the xylem. Additionally, our study detected an upregulation of genes associated with nicotinamide metabolism and Fe and Zn transport following CYVCV infection, leading to increased levels of nicotinamide metabolites. This suggests that CYVCV-infected citrus plants may induce nicotinamide synthesis in response to Fe deficiency stress, facilitating the transport of Fe and Zn in the phloem as nicotinamide-bound complexes. Overall, our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of long-distance Fe and Zn transport in citrus plants in response to CYVCV infection and highlight the role of nutritional management in mitigating the adverse effects of CYVCV, offering potential strategies for cultivating CYVCV-resistant citrus varieties.

柑橘黄脉清病毒(CYVCV)是柑橘的一种世界性、破坏性极强的病害,但人们对 CYVCV 抑制植物生长的机理还不甚了解。本研究考察了健康和受 CYVCV 影响的柑橘(Citrus reticulata 'Kanpei')植株不同器官中的营养水平及其细胞分布。我们发现,受 CYVCV 感染的植株表现出特征性症状,包括嫩枝中铁(Fe)和其他元素养分的显著减少。我们的数据表明,CYVCV 引发的柑橘叶脉萎黄病主要是由于缺铁导致叶绿素合成减少。进一步的分析表明,CYVCV 感染后,柑橘叶柄髓部和木质部的铁浓度明显下降,而韧皮部的铁和锌浓度则有所上升。此外,在受感染植株的髓部、木质部和韧皮部血管中观察到大量淀粉颗粒积累,淀粉积累导致的血管堵塞高达 81%,从而严重阻碍了铁在木质部的运输。此外,我们的研究还发现,CYVCV 感染后,与烟酰胺代谢以及铁和锌转运相关的基因上调,导致烟酰胺代谢产物水平升高。这表明,受 CYVCV 感染的柑橘植株可能会诱导烟酰胺合成,以应对铁缺乏胁迫,从而促进铁和锌在韧皮部以烟酰胺结合复合物的形式运输。总之,我们的研究结果深入揭示了柑橘植物在应对 CYVCV 感染时铁和锌的长距离运输机制,并强调了营养管理在减轻 CYVCV 负面影响方面的作用,为培育抗 CYVCV 的柑橘品种提供了潜在的策略。
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引用次数: 0
TRANSPARENT TESTA 16 collaborates with the MYB-bHLH-WD40 transcriptional complex to produce brown fiber cotton. TRANSPARENT TESTA 16 与 MYB-bHLH-WD40 转录复合体合作,生产棕色纤维棉。
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae530
Yuanxue Li,Tian Yao,Chao Fu,Nian Wang,Zhiyong Xu,Ningyu Yang,Xianlong Zhang,Tianwang Wen,Zhongxu Lin
Naturally colored cotton (NCC; Gossypium spp.) does not require additional chemical dyeing and is an environmentally friendly textile material with great research potential and applications. Our previous study using linkage and association mapping identified TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 (Gh_TT2) as acting on the proanthocyanin synthesis pathway. However, limited information is available about the genetic regulatory network of NCC. Here, we verified the effectiveness of Gh_TT2 and the roles of Gh_TT2 and red foliated mutant gene (Re) in pigment formation and deposition of brown fiber cotton (BFC). Variations in Gh_TT2 derived from interspecific hybridization between Gossypium barbadense acc. Pima 90-53 and Gossypium hirsutum acc. Handan208 resulted in gene expression differences, thereby causing phenotypic variation. Additionally, the MYB-bHLH-WD complex was found to be negatively modulated by TRANSPARENT TESTA 16/ARABIDOPSIS BSISTER (TT16/ABS). RNA-seq suggested that differential expression of homologous genes of key enzymes in the proanthocyanin synthesis pathway strongly contributes to the color rendering of natural dark brown and light brown cotton. Our study proposes a regulatory model in BFC, which will provide theoretical guidance for the genetic improvement of NCC.
天然彩棉(NCC;Gossypium spp.)不需要额外的化学染色,是一种环境友好型纺织材料,具有巨大的研究潜力和应用价值。我们之前利用连锁和关联图谱进行的研究发现,TRANSPARENT TESTA 2(Gh_TT2)作用于原花青素合成途径。然而,有关 NCC 遗传调控网络的信息还很有限。在此,我们验证了 Gh_TT2 的有效性,以及 Gh_TT2 和红叶突变基因(Re)在棕色纤维棉(BFC)色素形成和沉积中的作用。Gh_TT2 的变异来自 Gossypium barbadense acc.Pima 90-53 和 Gossypium hirsutum acc. Handan208 之间杂交产生的 Gh_TT2 变异导致基因表达差异,从而引起表型变异。此外,研究还发现,MYB-bHLH-WD 复合物受 TRANSPARENT TESTA 16/ARABIDOPSIS BSISTER(TT16/ABS)的负调控。RNA-seq表明,原花青素合成途径中关键酶的同源基因的差异表达对天然深棕色和浅棕色棉花的着色有很大影响。我们的研究提出了BFC的调控模型,这将为NCC的遗传改良提供理论指导。
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引用次数: 0
SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 132 underpins secretion of cargoes associated with salicylic acid signaling and pathogen defense PLANTS SYNTAXIN 132 支持与水杨酸信号和病原体防御相关的货物分泌
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae541
Sakharam Waghmare, Lingfeng Xia, Thu Phan Ly, Jing Xu, Sahar Farami, Richard Burchmore, Michael R Blatt, Rucha Karnik
Secretory trafficking in plant cells is facilitated by SNARE (soluble N-ethylamide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins that drive membrane fusion of cargo-containing vesicles. In Arabidopsis, SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 132 (SYP132) is an evolutionarily ancient SNARE that functions with syntaxins SYP121 and SYP122 at the plasma membrane. Whereas SYP121 and SYP122 mediate overlapping secretory pathways, albeit with differences in their importance in plant-environment interactions, the SNARE SYP132 is absolutely essential for plant development and survival. SYP132 promotes endocytic traffic of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA1 and aquaporin PIP2;1, and it coordinates plant growth and bacterial pathogen immunity through PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 (PR1) secretion. Yet, little else is known about SYP132 cargoes. Here, we used advanced quantitative Tandem Mass Tagging (TMT) mass spectrometry (MS) combined with immunoblot assays to track native secreted cargo proteins in the leaf apoplast. We found that SYP132 supports a basal level of secretion in Arabidopsis leaves, and its overexpression influences salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) defence-related cargoes including PR1, PR2, and PR5 proteins. Impairing SYP132 function also suppressed defence-related secretory traffic when challenged with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Thus, we conclude that, in addition to its role in hormone-related H+-ATPase cycling, SYP132 influences basal plant immunity.
植物细胞中的分泌运输由 SNARE(可溶性 N-乙基酰胺敏感因子附着蛋白受体)蛋白促进,这些蛋白可推动含货囊泡的膜融合。在拟南芥中,植物合成蛋白 132(SYP132)是一种进化古老的 SNARE,它与合成蛋白 SYP121 和 SYP122 一起在质膜上发挥作用。SYP121 和 SYP122 介导重叠的分泌途径,尽管它们在植物与环境相互作用中的重要性有所不同,但 SNARE SYP132 对植物的生长发育和存活至关重要。SYP132 可促进质膜 H+-ATP 酶 AHA1 和水蒸气素 PIP2;1 的内吞交通,并通过 PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 (PR1) 分泌协调植物生长和细菌病原体免疫。然而,人们对 SYP132 的载体知之甚少。在这里,我们使用先进的定量串联质量标记(TMT)质谱法(MS)结合免疫印迹分析法来追踪叶片细胞凋亡体中的原生分泌货物蛋白。我们发现,SYP132 支持拟南芥叶片中的基础分泌水平,它的过表达会影响水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)防御相关货物,包括 PR1、PR2 和 PR5 蛋白。当受到细菌病原体丁香假单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae)的侵袭时,削弱 SYP132 的功能也会抑制与防御相关的分泌流量。因此,我们得出结论:除了在激素相关的 H+-ATPase 循环中发挥作用外,SYP132 还影响植物的基础免疫力。
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引用次数: 0
CLAVATA3 INSENSITIVE RECEPTOR KINASEs regulate lateral root initiation and spacing in Arabidopsis CLAVATA3 神经敏感受体激酶调控拟南芥侧根的萌发和间距
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae540
Xianghu Meng, Rui Ye, Jing Cao, Liang Tao, Zhe Wang, Tianzhen Kong, Chong Hu, Jing Yi, Xiaoping Gou
The root system architecture is very critical for plants to adapt to ever-changing environmental stimulations and is largely affected by lateral roots (LRs). Therefore, how plants regulate LR initiation and spacing is a key point for root system development. Previous studies have shown that RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 7 (RLK7) and its ligand TARGET OF LBD SIXTEEN 2 (TOLS2) control the initiation and spacing of LRs. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the perception and transduction of the TOLS2 signal by RLK7 remains to be elucidated. In this study, we explored whether CLAVATA3 INSENSITIVE RECEPTOR KINASEs (CIKs) are critical signaling components during Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) LR development by investigating phenotypes of cik mutants and examining interactions between CIKs and members of the RLK7-mediated signaling pathway. Our results showed that high-order cik mutants generated more LRs because of more LR initiation and defective LR spacing. The cik mutants showed reduced sensitivity to applied TOLS2 peptides. TOLS2 application enhanced the interactions between CIKs and RLK7 and the RLK7-dependent phosphorylation of CIKs. In addition, overexpression of transcription factor PUCHI and constitutive activation of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE 4 (MKK4) and MKK5 partially rescued the spacing defects of LRs in cik and rlk7-3 mutants. Moreover, we discovered that auxin maximum in pericycle cells altered subcellular localization of CIKs to determine lateral root founder cells. These findings revealed that CIKs and RLK7 function together to perceive the TOLS2 signal and regulate LR initiation and spacing through the MKK4/5–MPK3/6–PUCHI cascade.
根系结构对于植物适应不断变化的环境刺激非常关键,而且在很大程度上受到侧根(LRs)的影响。因此,植物如何调节侧根的萌发和间距是根系发育的关键点。以往的研究表明,RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 7(RLK7)及其配体 TARGET OF LBD SIXTEEN 2(TOLS2)控制着侧根的萌发和间距。然而,RLK7 感知和转导 TOLS2 信号的分子机制仍有待阐明。在本研究中,我们通过研究 cik 突变体的表型以及 CIKs 与 RLK7 介导的信号通路成员之间的相互作用,探讨了 CLAVATA3 胰岛素受体激酶(CIKs)是否是拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)LR 发育过程中的关键信号元件。我们的研究结果表明,高阶 cik 突变体由于更多的 LR 起始和有缺陷的 LR 间距,产生了更多的 LR。cik 突变体对应用 TOLS2 肽的敏感性降低。TOLS2的应用增强了CIK与RLK7之间的相互作用以及RLK7依赖的CIK磷酸化。此外,转录因子 PUCHI 的过表达以及 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE 4(MKK4)和 MKK5 的组成性激活部分地挽救了 cik 和 rlk7-3 突变体中 LRs 的间距缺陷。此外,我们还发现,周细胞中的最大辅助素改变了 CIKs 的亚细胞定位,从而决定了侧根创始细胞。这些发现揭示了CIKs和RLK7共同感知TOLS2信号,并通过MKK4/5-MPK3/6-PUCHI级联调控LR的起始和间距。
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引用次数: 0
Evolution of C4 photosynthesis: A lesson from the diverse photosynthesis genus neurachne. C4 光合作用的进化:从多种光合作用的神经鞘属中汲取教训。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae523
Thu M Tran, Janlo M Robil
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引用次数: 0
The MdERF61-mdm-miR397b-MdLAC7b module regulates apple resistance to Fusarium solani via lignin biosynthesis MdERF61-mdm-miR397b-MdLAC7b模块通过木质素生物合成调控苹果对镰刀菌的抗性
IF 7.4 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae518
Zhe Zhou, Haiqing Zhang, Jia-Long Yao, Qiming Gao, Yarong Wang, Zhenzhen Liu, Yaru Zhang, Yi Tian, Zhenli Yan, Yanmin Zhu, Hengtao Zhang
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a worldwide problem that threatens the industry. However, the genetic mechanism underlying plant disease resistance against ARD remains unclear. In this study, a negative regulatory microRNA in Malus domestica, mdm-miR397b , and its direct target MdLAC7b (Laccase) was selected for examination based on our previous small RNA and degradome sequencing results. Overexpressing the mdm-miR397b-MdLAC7b module altered the lignin deposition and JA contents in apple roots, which also led to increased resistance to Fusarium solani. Additionally, Y1H library screening using mdm-miR397b promoter recombinants identified a transcription factor, MdERF61, that represses mdm-miR397b transcriptional activity by directly binding to two GCC-boxes in the mdm-miR397b promoter. In summary, our results suggest that the MdERF61-mdm-miR397b-MdLAC7b module plays a crucial role in apple resistance to F. solani and offers insights for enhancing plant resistance to soilborne diseases in apple.
苹果再植病(ARD)是一个威胁苹果产业的世界性问题。然而,植物抗ARD病害的遗传机制仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们根据之前的小 RNA 和降解组测序结果,选择了苹果中的一种负调控 microRNA mdm-miR397b 及其直接靶标 MdLAC7b(漆酶)进行研究。过表达 mdm-miR397b-MdLAC7b 模块改变了苹果根部的木质素沉积和 JA 含量,也提高了对镰刀菌的抗性。此外,利用 mdm-miR397b 启动子重组体进行的 Y1H 文库筛选发现了一种转录因子 MdERF61,它通过直接与 mdm-miR397b 启动子中的两个 GCC-boxes 结合来抑制 mdm-miR397b 的转录活性。总之,我们的研究结果表明,MdERF61-mdm-miR397b-MdLAC7b 模块在苹果对 F. solani 的抗性中起着至关重要的作用,并为提高苹果对土传病害的植物抗性提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
CpWRKY50 drives jasmonic acid defense in boosting papaya's resistance to anthracnose. CpWRKY50 驱动茉莉酸防御,增强木瓜对炭疽病的抗性。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae521
Ritu Singh
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引用次数: 0
Maize stigmas react differently to self- and cross-pollination and fungal invasion. 玉米柱头对自花授粉、异花传粉和真菌入侵的反应不同。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae536
Kevin Begcy, Mariana Mondragón-Palomino, Liang-Zi Zhou, Patricia-Lena Seitz, Mihaela-Luiza Márton, Thomas Dresselhaus

During sexual reproduction in flowering plants, tip-growing pollen tubes travel from the stigma inside the maternal tissues of the pistil towards ovules. In maize (Zea mays L.), the stigma is highly elongated, forming thread-like strands known as silks. Only compatible pollen tubes successfully penetrate and grow through the transmitting tract of the silk to reach the ovules. Like pollen, fungal spores germinate at the surface of silks and generate tube-like structures (hyphae) penetrating silk tissue. To elucidate commonalities and differences between silk responses to these distinctive invading cells, we compared growth behavior of the various invaders as well as the silk transcriptome after self-pollination, cross-pollination and infection using two different fungi. We report that self-pollination triggers mainly senescence genes, whereas incompatible pollen from Tripsacum dactyloides leads to downregulation of rehydration, microtubule, and cell wall-related genes, explaining the slower pollen tube growth and arrest. Invasion by the ascomycete Fusarium graminearum triggers numerous defense responses including the activation of monolignol biosynthesis and NAC as well as WRKY transcription factor genes, whereas responses to the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis are generally much weaker. We present evidence that incompatible pollination and fungal infection trigger transcriptional reprograming of maize silks cell wall. Pathogen invasion also activates the phytoalexin biosynthesis pathway.

在有花植物的有性生殖过程中,顶端生长的花粉管从雌蕊母体组织内的柱头向胚珠移动。在玉米(Zea mays L.)中,柱头高度伸长,形成被称为丝的线状股。只有相容的花粉管才能成功穿透花粉丝的传输通道,到达胚珠。与花粉一样,真菌孢子在蚕丝表面发芽,并生成管状结构(菌丝)穿透蚕丝组织。为了阐明蚕丝对这些独特入侵细胞反应的共性和差异,我们比较了各种入侵者的生长行为以及蚕丝在自花授粉、异花传粉和感染两种不同真菌后的转录组。我们报告说,自花授粉主要引发衰老基因,而来自 Tripsacum dactyloides 的不相容花粉则导致补水、微管和细胞壁相关基因的下调,从而解释了花粉管生长缓慢和停止的原因。禾本科镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)的入侵会引发多种防御反应,包括单木质素生物合成和 NAC 以及 WRKY 转录因子基因的激活,而对基枝霉菌(Ustilago maydis)的反应通常要弱得多。我们提出的证据表明,不相容授粉和真菌感染会引发玉米丝细胞壁转录重编程。病原体入侵也会激活植物素生物合成途径。
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引用次数: 0
An effector protein of Fusarium graminearum targets chloroplasts and suppresses cyclic photosynthetic electron flow. 禾本科镰刀菌的一种效应蛋白以叶绿体为目标,抑制循环光合电子流。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae538
Minxia Jin, Su Hu, Qin Wu, Xiangran Feng, Yazhou Zhang, Qiantao Jiang, Jian Ma, Pengfei Qi, Guoyue Chen, Yunfeng Jiang, Youliang Zheng, Yuming Wei, Qiang Xu

Chloroplasts are important photosynthetic organelles that regulate plant immunity, growth, and development. However, the role of fungal secretory proteins in linking the photosystem to the plant immune system remains largely unknown. Our systematic characterization of 17 chloroplast-targeting secreted proteins of Fusarium graminearum indicated that Fg03600 is an important virulence factor. Fg03600 translocation into plant cells and accumulation in chloroplasts depended on its chloroplast transit peptide. Fg03600 interacted with the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) proton gradient regulation 5-like protein 1 (TaPGRL1), a part of the cyclic photosynthetic electron transport chain, and promoted TaPGRL1 homo-dimerization. Interestingly, TaPGRL1 also interacted with ferredoxin (TaFd), a chloroplast ferredoxin protein that transfers cyclic electrons to TaPGRL1. TaFd competed with Fg03600 for binding to the same region of TaPGRL1. Fg03600 expression in plants decreased cyclic electron flow (CEF) but increased the production of chloroplast-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Stably silenced TaPGRL1 impaired resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and disrupted CEF. Overall, Fg03600 acts as a chloroplast-targeting effector to suppress plant CEF and increase photosynthesis-derived ROS for FHB development at the necrotrophic stage by promoting homo-dimeric TaPGRL1 or competing with TaFd for TaPGRL1 binding.

叶绿体是调节植物免疫、生长和发育的重要光合细胞器。然而,真菌分泌蛋白在连接光合系统和植物免疫系统方面的作用在很大程度上仍不为人所知。我们对禾谷镰刀菌的 17 种叶绿体靶向分泌蛋白进行的系统表征表明,Fg03600 是一种重要的毒力因子。Fg03600 能否转运到植物细胞并在叶绿体中积累取决于其叶绿体转运肽。Fg03600 与小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)质子梯度调节 5 样蛋白 1(TaPGRL1)(循环光合电子传递链的一部分)相互作用,并促进 TaPGRL1 的同源二聚化。有趣的是,TaPGRL1 还能与叶绿体中的铁氧还蛋白(TaFd)相互作用,后者能将循环电子传递给 TaPGRL1。TaFd 与 Fg03600 竞争结合到 TaPGRL1 的相同区域。在植物中表达 Fg03600 会减少循环电子流(CEF),但会增加叶绿体源性活性氧(ROS)的产生。稳定沉默的 TaPGRL1 会削弱对镰刀菌枯萎病(FHB)的抗性并破坏 CEF。总之,Fg03600 作为叶绿体靶向效应物,通过促进同源二聚体 TaPGRL1 或与 TaFd 竞争结合 TaPGRL1 来抑制植物的 CEF 并增加光合作用产生的 ROS,从而促进 FHB 在坏死阶段的发展。
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引用次数: 0
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Plant Physiology
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