Physical Review D最新文献

{"title":"Spinning fields on Sd and dSd , unitary irreducible representations, and ladder operators","authors":"Vasileios A. Letsios, Matías N. Sempé, Guillermo A. Silva","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.025018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.025018","url":null,"abstract":"We construct, for spin 0,1,2 tensor fields on S</a:mi></a:mrow>d</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msup></a:mrow></a:math>, a set of ladder operators that connect the distinct unitary irreducible representations (UIRs) of <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:mrow><d:mi>SO</d:mi><d:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</d:mo><d:mrow><d:mi>d</d:mi><d:mo>+</d:mo><d:mn>1</d:mn></d:mrow><d:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</d:mo></d:mrow></d:math>. This is achieved by relying on the conformal Killing vectors of <h:math xmlns:h=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><h:msup><h:mrow><h:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</h:mi></h:mrow><h:mi>d</h:mi></h:msup></h:math>. For the case of spinning fields, the ladder operators generalize previous expressions with a compensating transformation necessary to preserve the transversality condition. We then extend the results to the exceptional/discrete UIRs of <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mrow><k:mi>SO</k:mi><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</k:mo><k:mi>d</k:mi><k:mo>,</k:mo><k:mn>1</k:mn><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</k:mo></k:mrow></k:math>, again relying on the conformal Killing vectors of de Sitter space. Our construction recovers the conventional conformal primary transformations for the scalar fields when the mass term leads to conformal coupling. A similar approach for the spin-2 field leads to the conformal-like operators found recently. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hard processes in multi-TeV ion collisions","authors":"Benjamin Fuks, Fotios Marougkas, Richard Ruiz, Alicja Sztandera","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.014025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.014025","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the ion-collision program at the Large Hadron Collider, plans for its high-luminosity upgrade, and ongoing discussions for multi-TeV future hadron colliders, we systematically investigate hard-scattering, Standard Model processes in many-TeV ion-ion collisions. We focus on the symmetric beam configurations Pb&lt;/a:mi&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;208&lt;/a:mn&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;&lt;/a:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;−&lt;/a:mtext&gt;Pb&lt;/a:mi&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;208&lt;/a:mn&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;&lt;/a:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;&lt;/a:math&gt;, &lt;c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;c:mrow&gt;&lt;c:mrow&gt;&lt;c:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;c:mrow&gt;&lt;c:mi&gt;Xe&lt;/c:mi&gt;&lt;/c:mrow&gt;&lt;c:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;c:none/&gt;&lt;c:mrow&gt;&lt;c:mn&gt;131&lt;/c:mn&gt;&lt;/c:mrow&gt;&lt;/c:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/c:mrow&gt;&lt;c:mtext&gt;−&lt;/c:mtext&gt;&lt;c:mrow&gt;&lt;c:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;c:mrow&gt;&lt;c:mi&gt;Xe&lt;/c:mi&gt;&lt;/c:mrow&gt;&lt;c:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;c:none/&gt;&lt;c:mrow&gt;&lt;c:mn&gt;131&lt;/c:mn&gt;&lt;/c:mrow&gt;&lt;/c:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/c:mrow&gt;&lt;/c:mrow&gt;&lt;/c:math&gt;, &lt;e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;C&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;/e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;e:none/&gt;&lt;e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mn&gt;12&lt;/e:mn&gt;&lt;/e:mrow&gt;&lt;/e:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mtext&gt;−&lt;/e:mtext&gt;&lt;e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;C&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;/e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;e:none/&gt;&lt;e:mrow&gt;&lt;e:mn&gt;12&lt;/e:mn&gt;&lt;/e:mrow&gt;&lt;/e:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/e:mrow&gt;&lt;/e:mrow&gt;&lt;/e:math&gt;, and &lt;i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;p&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;p&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;/i:math&gt;, and we catalog total and fiducial cross sections for dozens of processes, ranging from associated-Higgs and multiboson production to associated-top pair production, at next-to-leading order in QCD for nucleon-nucleon collision energies from &lt;k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;k:msqrt&gt;&lt;k:msub&gt;&lt;k:mi&gt;s&lt;/k:mi&gt;&lt;k:mrow&gt;&lt;k:mi&gt;N&lt;/k:mi&gt;&lt;k:mi&gt;N&lt;/k:mi&gt;&lt;/k:mrow&gt;&lt;/k:msub&gt;&lt;/k:msqrt&gt;&lt;k:mo&gt;=&lt;/k:mo&gt;&lt;k:mn&gt;1&lt;/k:mn&gt;&lt;/k:math&gt; to 100 TeV. We report the residual scale uncertainties at this order as well as the uncertainties originating from fits of nuclear parton densities. We also discuss the propagation of nuclear dynamics (as encoded in nuclear parton densities) into parton luminosities and ultimately into predictions for cross sections. Finally, we report on the emergence of trends and the reliability of extrapolating cross sections across different nuclei. For Pb-Pb collisions at a hypothetical Future Circular Collider with &lt;m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;m:mrow&gt;&lt;m:msqrt&gt;&lt;m:mrow&gt;&lt;m:msub&gt;&lt;m:mrow&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;s&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;/m:mrow&gt;&lt;m:mrow&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;N&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;N&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;/m:mrow&gt;&lt;/m:msub&gt;&lt;/m:mrow&gt;&lt;/m:msqrt&gt;&lt;m:mo&gt;=&lt;/m:mo&gt;&lt;m:mn&gt;39&lt;/m:mn&gt;&lt;m:mtext&gt; &lt;/m:mtext&gt;&lt;m:mtext&gt; &lt;/m:mtext&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;TeV&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;/m:mrow&gt;&lt;/m:math&gt;, &lt;o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;o:mi mathvariant=\"script\"&gt;O&lt;/o:mi&gt;&lt;o:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/o:mo&gt;&lt;o:msup&gt;&lt;o:mn&gt;10&lt;/o:mn&gt;&lt;o:mn&gt;8&lt;/o:mn&gt;&lt;/o:msup&gt;&lt;o:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/o:mo&gt;&lt;/o:math&gt; weak bosons, &lt;t:math xmlns:t=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbolic regression for beyond the standard model physics","authors":"Shehu AbdusSalam, Steven Abel, Miguel Crispim Romão","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.015022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.015022","url":null,"abstract":"We propose symbolic regression as a powerful tool for the numerical studies of proposed models of physics beyond the Standard Model. In this paper we demonstrate the efficacy of the method on a benchmark model, namely the constrained minimal supersymmetric Standard Model, which has a four-dimensional parameter space. We provide a set of analytical expressions that reproduce three low-energy observables of interest in terms of the parameters of the theory: the Higgs mass, the contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, and the cold dark matter relic density. To demonstrate the power of the approach, we employ the symbolic expressions in a global fits analysis to derive the posterior probability densities of the parameters, which are obtained two orders of magnitude more rapidly than is possible using conventional methods. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformations of extremal black holes and the UV","authors":"Calvin Y.-R. Chen, Claudia de Rham, Andrew J. Tolley","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.024056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.024056","url":null,"abstract":"It has recently been noted that deformations of extremal anti–de Sitter (AdS) black holes in four and higher dimensions are generically nonsmooth or singular on the horizon. Further, it was found that certain deformations of asymptotically flat extremal black holes are marginal, causing the nature of the horizon to be strongly sensitive to UV corrections—in particular, Wilson coefficients associated with consistent UV completions generically lead to worse behavior on the horizon. In this work, we extend the discussion of deformed horizons in the presence of UV corrections to extremal charged black holes in AdS, where we find a tower of marginal perturbations for different black hole masses. We argue that the apparent UV sensitivity of marginal modes is, in fact, a feature of the UV theory, which is correctly reproduced by the effective field theory (EFT), and illustrate this with explicit UV completions confirming the validity of the EFT. We demonstrate that the same holds for a scalar-Maxwell EFT with known UV completion. In the gravitational case, the sign of EFT corrections to marginal perturbations is generally connected with the signs implied by positivity bounds, with UV completions generically leading to worse behavior on the horizon. We conjecture that this result is more generic and use this to derive more general positivity bounds motivated by the weak gravity conjecture, which we illustrate with further evidence. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local diagnostic program for unitary evolution in general spacetimes","authors":"Ka Hei Choi, Stefan Hofmann, Marc Schneider","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.025019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.025019","url":null,"abstract":"We present a local framework for investigating nonunitary evolution groups pertinent to effective field theories in general semiclassical spacetimes. Our approach is based on a rigorous local stability analysis of the algebra of observables and solely employs geometric concepts in the functional representation of quantum field theory. In this representation, it is possible to construct infinitely many self-adjoint extensions of the canonical momentum field at the kinematic level, and by the usual functional calculus arguments this holds for the Hamiltonian, as well. However, these self-adjoint domains have only the trivial wave functional in common with the solution space of the functional Schrödinger equation. This is related to the existence of boundaries in configuration field space which can be penetrated by the probability flux, causing probability to leak into regions in configuration field space that require a more fundamental description. As a consequence the evolution admits no unitary representation. Instead, in the absence of ghosts, the evolution is represented by contractive semigroups in the semiclassical approximation. This allows us to quantify the unitarity loss and, in turn, to assess the quality of the semiclassical approximation. We perform numerical experiments based on our formal investigations to determine regions in cosmological spacetimes where the semiclassical approximation breaks down for free quantum fields. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conic sections on the sky: Shadows of linearly superrotated black holes","authors":"Feng-Li Lin, Avani Patel, Jason Payne","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.024054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.024054","url":null,"abstract":"Soft hairs are an intrinsic infrared feature of a black hole, which may also affect near-horizon physics. In this work, we study some of the subtleties surrounding one of the primary observables with which we can study their effects in the context of Einstein’s gravity: the black hole shadow. First, we clarify the singular pathology associated with black holes with soft hairs and demonstrate that the metrics of linearly superrotated black holes are free of near-zone pathologies due to appropriate asymptotic falloff conditions being imposed on the event horizon. We then analytically construct the photon orbits around such black holes, derive the shadow equation for near-zone observers, and find that the linear superrotation hairs deform the circular shadow of a bald Schwarzchild black hole into an ellipse. This is in sharp contrast to their supertranslated counterparts, which only shift the position of the center of the circular shadow but do not change its shape. Our results suggest a richness to the observable effects due to the infrared structures of Einstein’s gravity. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black holes in multimetric gravity. II. Hairy solutions and linear stability of the non- and partially proportional branches","authors":"Kieran Wood, Paul M. Saffin, Anastasios Avgoustidis","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.024057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.024057","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to our work in part I of this series of papers, it is understood that the analytically known black hole solutions in the theory of ghost-free multimetric gravity can be split into three distinct classes and that one of these classes—the proportional branch—exhibits the Gregory-Laflamme instability at linear level in the metric perturbations, whenever the black hole horizon size is smaller than (roughly) the Compton wavelength of the theory’s lightest massive graviton. In this first of two sequels, we determine the linear stability of the two remaining classes of black hole solutions—the nonproportional and partially proportional branches—and discuss how our results likely differ at nonlinear level. We also give a general prescription to construct multimetric solutions describing black holes endowed with massive graviton hair, which may constitute the end state of the instability in the proportional branch. We utilize a tractable example model involving three metrics to see how this works in practice and determine the asymptotic form of its corresponding hairy solutions at infinity, where one can clearly see the individual contributions from each of the graviton mass modes. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative to purification in conformal field theory","authors":"Xin Jiang, Peng Wang, Houwen Wu, Haitang Yang","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.l021902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.l021902","url":null,"abstract":"In conformal field theories, in contrast to some auxiliary states into the bipartite mixed state ρ</a:mi>A</a:mi>B</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub></a:math> as the usual purifications do, we show a pure entangled state <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:msub><c:mi>ψ</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mi>A</c:mi><c:mi>B</c:mi></c:mrow></c:msub></c:math> can be constructed by the undetectable regions. In this pure state <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:msub><e:mi>ψ</e:mi><e:mrow><e:mi>A</e:mi><e:mi>B</e:mi></e:mrow></e:msub></e:math>, the von Neumann entropy <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:msub><g:mi>S</g:mi><g:mi>vN</g:mi></g:msub><g:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</g:mo><g:mi>A</g:mi><g:mo>:</g:mo><g:mi>B</g:mi><g:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</g:mo></g:math> naturally captures quantum entanglement between <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mi>A</k:mi></k:math> and <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><m:mi>B</m:mi></m:math>. We verify that <o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><o:msub><o:mi>S</o:mi><o:mi>vN</o:mi></o:msub><o:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</o:mo><o:mi>A</o:mi><o:mo>:</o:mo><o:mi>B</o:mi><o:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</o:mo></o:math> is equal to the entanglement wedge cross section <s:math xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><s:msub><s:mi>E</s:mi><s:mi>W</s:mi></s:msub></s:math> in anti–de Sitter spacetime, which is conjectured to be the holographic dual of the entanglement of purification. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frozen generalized symmetries","authors":"Mirjam Cvetič, Markus Dierigl, Ling Lin, Ethan Torres, Hao Y. Zhang","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.026018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.026018","url":null,"abstract":"M-theory frozen singularities are (locally) D</a:mi></a:math>- or <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>E</c:mi></c:math>-type orbifold singularities with a background fractional <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:msub><e:mi>C</e:mi><e:mn>3</e:mn></e:msub></e:math>-monodromy surrounding them. In this paper, we revisit such backgrounds and address several puzzling features of their physics. We first give a top-down derivation of how the <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>D</g:mi></g:math>- or <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mi>E</i:mi></i:math>-type 7D <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mi mathvariant=\"script\">N</k:mi><k:mo>=</k:mo><k:mn>1</k:mn></k:math> gauge theory directly “freezes” to a lower-rank gauge theory due to the <n:math xmlns:n=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><n:msub><n:mi>C</n:mi><n:mn>3</n:mn></n:msub></n:math> background. This relies on a Hanany-Witten effect of fractional M5 branes and the presence of a gauge anomaly of fractional <p:math xmlns:p=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><p:mrow><p:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">D</p:mi><p:mi>p</p:mi></p:mrow></p:math> probes in the circle reduction. Additionally, we compute defect groups and 8D symmetry topological field theories of the 7D frozen theories in several duality frames. We apply our results to understanding the evenness condition of strings ending on <s:math xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><s:mrow><s:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">O</s:mi><s:msup><s:mrow><s:mn>7</s:mn></s:mrow><s:mrow><s:mo>+</s:mo></s:mrow></s:msup></s:mrow></s:math> planes, and calculating the global forms of supergravity gauge groups of M-theory compactified on <v:math xmlns:v=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><v:msup><v:mi>T</v:mi><v:mn>4</v:mn></v:msup><v:mo>/</v:mo><v:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Γ</v:mi></v:math> with frozen singularities. We also revisit IIA <y:math xmlns:y=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><y:mi>A</y:mi><y:mi>D</y:mi><y:mi>E</y:mi></y:math> singularities with a C</ab:mi>1</ab:mn></ab:msub></ab:math>-monodromy along a 1-cycle in the boundary lens space and show that this freezes the gauge degrees of freedom via confinement. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graviton number radiated during binary inspiral and its link to angular momentum radiation","authors":"Don N. Page","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.024055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.024055","url":null,"abstract":"The number of gravitons emitted during binary inspiral is found to be remarkably close to (though slightly larger than) the radiated angular momentum in units of 2</a:mn>ℏ</a:mi></a:math>. This (<c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mo>∼</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn><c:mo>%</c:mo></c:math>) closeness holds both for an infinitesimal change in the eccentricity, and for the total graviton number emitted during inspiral from a large eccentricity initial orbit down to negligible final eccentricity. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}