Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.35-44
O. Tkach, V. Ovcharuk, Oleh Ovcharuk, B. Mazurenko, M. Niemiec
The world practice of growing chicory root is ineffective for Ukrainian phenotypic forms of varieties, since the weight and shape of the root crop, and the accumulation of ash elements in the plant, differ from modern forms. The purpose of the study was to establish the features of accumulation of the main ash macro- and microelements in the root crop and leaf mass of chicory of the Umanskyi-99 variety, considering the different background of mineral nutrition, the size of root crops, and yield levels. The study was conducted on the premises of the Khmelnytskyi state agricultural experimental station of the Podillia Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The leaf mass (petioles and leaf blade) and root crops were combusted, and then the content of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and a complex of meso- and microelements (Ba, Si, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, B, Cr, Zn, Co) was determined in the ash using a spectrograph, or using standardised methods. The content of the studied trace elements in leaves, roots, and petioles ranged from 1×10-4 up to 1×10-2%. The specific removal of nutrients to form 8.1 t/ha of root dry matter and the corresponding amount of by-products was 216.6 kg/ha of nitrogen, 79.6 kg/ ha of phosphorus, 277.9 kg/ha of potassium, 92.7 kg/ha of calcium, 88 kg/ha of magnesium, and 109.3 kg/ha of sodium. A significant part of macronutrients accumulated in the leaf mass, so about 60-84% of the removed elements were returned to the soil. It is established that the chemical composition of ash of different-sized and different-yielding root crops differs. The content of phosphorus and potassium in root crops at an average yield level is the lowest among the samples under study, and at a high yield, it significantly exceeds low-yielding ones. Therefore, for optimal removal of nutrients when growing chicory root crops, a fertiliser system should be developed to obtain commercial roots at the level of average yield, which would reduce the specific removal of phosphorus and potassium. The practical significance of the results obtained is to highlight the features of the removal of the main macronutrients by chicory root plants, which is the basis for developing an effective fertiliser system for a high planned yield and choosing a strategy for using by-products (leaf mass) as a source of immobilised nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
{"title":"Chemical composition of chicory root ash (Cichorium intybus L.)depending on the yield level","authors":"O. Tkach, V. Ovcharuk, Oleh Ovcharuk, B. Mazurenko, M. Niemiec","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.35-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.35-44","url":null,"abstract":"The world practice of growing chicory root is ineffective for Ukrainian phenotypic forms of varieties, since the weight and shape of the root crop, and the accumulation of ash elements in the plant, differ from modern forms. The purpose of the study was to establish the features of accumulation of the main ash macro- and microelements in the root crop and leaf mass of chicory of the Umanskyi-99 variety, considering the different background of mineral nutrition, the size of root crops, and yield levels. The study was conducted on the premises of the Khmelnytskyi state agricultural experimental station of the Podillia Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The leaf mass (petioles and leaf blade) and root crops were combusted, and then the content of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and a complex of meso- and microelements (Ba, Si, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, B, Cr, Zn, Co) was determined in the ash using a spectrograph, or using standardised methods. The content of the studied trace elements in leaves, roots, and petioles ranged from 1×10-4 up to 1×10-2%. The specific removal of nutrients to form 8.1 t/ha of root dry matter and the corresponding amount of by-products was 216.6 kg/ha of nitrogen, 79.6 kg/ ha of phosphorus, 277.9 kg/ha of potassium, 92.7 kg/ha of calcium, 88 kg/ha of magnesium, and 109.3 kg/ha of sodium. A significant part of macronutrients accumulated in the leaf mass, so about 60-84% of the removed elements were returned to the soil. It is established that the chemical composition of ash of different-sized and different-yielding root crops differs. The content of phosphorus and potassium in root crops at an average yield level is the lowest among the samples under study, and at a high yield, it significantly exceeds low-yielding ones. Therefore, for optimal removal of nutrients when growing chicory root crops, a fertiliser system should be developed to obtain commercial roots at the level of average yield, which would reduce the specific removal of phosphorus and potassium. The practical significance of the results obtained is to highlight the features of the removal of the main macronutrients by chicory root plants, which is the basis for developing an effective fertiliser system for a high planned yield and choosing a strategy for using by-products (leaf mass) as a source of immobilised nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87666715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.45-51
L. Semenko, S. Veremeienko, N. Yushchenko, A. Shatkovskyi
The relevance of the study is conditioned by a decrease in the moisture supply of agricultural crops during the growing season due to climate changes and a tendency to reduce the moisture supply of agricultural crops. At the same time, the main approach to solving this problem is to combine fertigation with irrigation. The purpose of the study is to establish the dependence of the productivity of potatoes on the intensive farming system when using irrigation. Using the example of an agricultural enterprise typical for the region, the volume of nitrogen fertilisers applied to fully provide the crop during the growing season is estimated. To obtain scientific results, an analytical search was carried out and a field, laboratory, and statistical methods of processing the results were applied. As a result of the research, the distribution of nitrogen in comparison with losses in combination with organogenesis phases was optimised. To ensure communication between the plant, soil, and fertilisers, CAM 32 was used in doses of N30N15, which affected the structural indicators of the potato crop. When applying CAM 32 (N30) + H2O, the weight of tubers was obtained at the level of 4.65 kg/m2, and the yield increase was 0.5 t/ha. When using nitrogen with MgSO4, the yield increased to 1.5 t/ha compared to the control. In the process of transformation, it was found that the use of nitrogen nutrition CAM 32 (N15) + MgSO4 + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O contributed to the most intensive development of tuber mass up to 4.85 kg/m2 compared to the control – 4.6 kg/m2. In the final product, an increase in the fraction was observed and amounted to more than 55 g/plant. The analysis of yield indicates a positive trend in the use of nitrogen nutrition, where the increase was 2.5 t/ha. The studied data can be applied by agricultural producers in the Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones to obtain high yield gains when growing potatoes
{"title":"Combination of effective use of irrigation and mineral nutritionfor growing table potatoes","authors":"L. Semenko, S. Veremeienko, N. Yushchenko, A. Shatkovskyi","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.45-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.45-51","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is conditioned by a decrease in the moisture supply of agricultural crops during the growing season due to climate changes and a tendency to reduce the moisture supply of agricultural crops. At the same time, the main approach to solving this problem is to combine fertigation with irrigation. The purpose of the study is to establish the dependence of the productivity of potatoes on the intensive farming system when using irrigation. Using the example of an agricultural enterprise typical for the region, the volume of nitrogen fertilisers applied to fully provide the crop during the growing season is estimated. To obtain scientific results, an analytical search was carried out and a field, laboratory, and statistical methods of processing the results were applied. As a result of the research, the distribution of nitrogen in comparison with losses in combination with organogenesis phases was optimised. To ensure communication between the plant, soil, and fertilisers, CAM 32 was used in doses of N30N15, which affected the structural indicators of the potato crop. When applying CAM 32 (N30) + H2O, the weight of tubers was obtained at the level of 4.65 kg/m2, and the yield increase was 0.5 t/ha. When using nitrogen with MgSO4, the yield increased to 1.5 t/ha compared to the control. In the process of transformation, it was found that the use of nitrogen nutrition CAM 32 (N15) + MgSO4 + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O contributed to the most intensive development of tuber mass up to 4.85 kg/m2 compared to the control – 4.6 kg/m2. In the final product, an increase in the fraction was observed and amounted to more than 55 g/plant. The analysis of yield indicates a positive trend in the use of nitrogen nutrition, where the increase was 2.5 t/ha. The studied data can be applied by agricultural producers in the Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones to obtain high yield gains when growing potatoes","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75274846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.27-34
S. Tanchyk, O. Pavlov, A. Babenko
Weeds can significantly reduce the yield of spring barley, so research is relevant to determine the optimal time for applying herbicides based on modern active substances to control a wide range of weeds. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Kvelex preparation based on new active substances halauxifen-methyl and florasulam in comparison with Lancelot 450 WG against annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds during introduction into various phases of crop development and weeds in spring barley crops. The leading approaches to solving this problem are conducting field studies to determine the biological effectiveness of herbicide variants and statistical methods (dispersion, correlation) to determine the accuracy and reliability of experimental data. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found out that in the case of contamination with annual weeds Cenopodium album L., Polygonum convolvulus L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., herbicide application is best carried out in the cotyledon phase – the first pair of real weed leaves, which corresponds to the BBCH 18 phase of spring barley. This provided the highest efficiency against these species at 95.5% for Kvelex and 94.4% – Lancelot, 450 WG. But at this stage, the effectiveness against Cirsium arvense (L.) and Scop. Sonchus arvensis L. is up to 94% and 86.6%, respectively. However, thistles are significantly suppressed and do not compete for the crop in the future, which facilitated a significantly higher yield of spring barley (4.5 t/ha for applying Kvelex and 4.42 t/ha for using Lancelot 450 WG) compared to options where herbicides were applied in the BBCH 25-30 phases of the crop. The materials of the study are of practical value for farmers in choosing the phase of development of weeds and crops when applying herbicides in spring barley crops
{"title":"Control of weeds in spring barley crops at different times of herbicide application","authors":"S. Tanchyk, O. Pavlov, A. Babenko","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.27-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.27-34","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds can significantly reduce the yield of spring barley, so research is relevant to determine the optimal time for applying herbicides based on modern active substances to control a wide range of weeds. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Kvelex preparation based on new active substances halauxifen-methyl and florasulam in comparison with Lancelot 450 WG against annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds during introduction into various phases of crop development and weeds in spring barley crops. The leading approaches to solving this problem are conducting field studies to determine the biological effectiveness of herbicide variants and statistical methods (dispersion, correlation) to determine the accuracy and reliability of experimental data. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found out that in the case of contamination with annual weeds Cenopodium album L., Polygonum convolvulus L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., herbicide application is best carried out in the cotyledon phase – the first pair of real weed leaves, which corresponds to the BBCH 18 phase of spring barley. This provided the highest efficiency against these species at 95.5% for Kvelex and 94.4% – Lancelot, 450 WG. But at this stage, the effectiveness against Cirsium arvense (L.) and Scop. Sonchus arvensis L. is up to 94% and 86.6%, respectively. However, thistles are significantly suppressed and do not compete for the crop in the future, which facilitated a significantly higher yield of spring barley (4.5 t/ha for applying Kvelex and 4.42 t/ha for using Lancelot 450 WG) compared to options where herbicides were applied in the BBCH 25-30 phases of the crop. The materials of the study are of practical value for farmers in choosing the phase of development of weeds and crops when applying herbicides in spring barley crops","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89670879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.14-26
S. Kalenska
Global food and energy crises, rational land use, and environmental conservation are urgent problems in the world that determine the existence of human civilisation. The success of solving certain problems requires significant changes and innovative decisions in various production areas and in agriculture in particular. The purpose of the study is to analytically review data on food and energy security, rational use of crop production, problems and innovations in crop production, and identify ways to solve them. When preparing the paper, general scientific research methods were used: analysis and synthesis; system analysis, abstraction and concretisation, interpretation and generalisation of data. Sources for the preparation of the paper were reports of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations of the US Department of Agriculture, statistical databases, and scientific sources. The political crisis in the world, population growth, changing consumption patterns, and climate change are driving the level of production and growing demand for crop production. Stabilisation and controlled production, innovations in crop cultivation technologies, land use efficiency, and environmental protection are mutually conditioned and require a comprehensive solution. Global changes in the use of plant material, where in addition to the traditional areas – food, fodder, technical processing – a powerful consumer, bioenergy, has emerged, causing increasing problems. Gas emission, conservation and restoration of plant biodiversity, and ecosystem protection are also pressing issues. Innovative technologies in crop production consider the need to preserve the biodiversity of plants and soil, the efficiency of using CO2, the latest forms of fertilisers, in particular, nanofertilisers, which provide for targeted, prolonged, regulated use of batteries, minimisation of losses; energy efficiency of technologies, and require constant improvement. These innovative ways of optimising crop production are important for practitioners who can use the proposed solutions in technological processes
{"title":"Food security and innovative solutions in crop production","authors":"S. Kalenska","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.14-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.14-26","url":null,"abstract":"Global food and energy crises, rational land use, and environmental conservation are urgent problems in the world that determine the existence of human civilisation. The success of solving certain problems requires significant changes and innovative decisions in various production areas and in agriculture in particular. The purpose of the study is to analytically review data on food and energy security, rational use of crop production, problems and innovations in crop production, and identify ways to solve them. When preparing the paper, general scientific research methods were used: analysis and synthesis; system analysis, abstraction and concretisation, interpretation and generalisation of data. Sources for the preparation of the paper were reports of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations of the US Department of Agriculture, statistical databases, and scientific sources. The political crisis in the world, population growth, changing consumption patterns, and climate change are driving the level of production and growing demand for crop production. Stabilisation and controlled production, innovations in crop cultivation technologies, land use efficiency, and environmental protection are mutually conditioned and require a comprehensive solution. Global changes in the use of plant material, where in addition to the traditional areas – food, fodder, technical processing – a powerful consumer, bioenergy, has emerged, causing increasing problems. Gas emission, conservation and restoration of plant biodiversity, and ecosystem protection are also pressing issues. Innovative technologies in crop production consider the need to preserve the biodiversity of plants and soil, the efficiency of using CO2, the latest forms of fertilisers, in particular, nanofertilisers, which provide for targeted, prolonged, regulated use of batteries, minimisation of losses; energy efficiency of technologies, and require constant improvement. These innovative ways of optimising crop production are important for practitioners who can use the proposed solutions in technological processes","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84484393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.52-58
K. Shemetun, A. Balaev, O. Tonkha, O. Pikovska
To assess the ability of soils to self-repair and self-rehabilitation, it is important to monitor the indicators of soil microbiological activity. In conditions of manure deficiency, the restoration of organic matter of soils is provided by using non-commercial share of the crop and growing green manure crops, which is especially important for zonal soils of Ukrainian Polissia. The purpose of the study was to estimate the number of various physiological groups of microorganisms in sod-medium podzolic soil under the influence of various fertiliser systems. Field, laboratory, and statistical methods were used in the study. Field method: an experiment was conducted in a field of the Chernihiv Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Production of the NAAS with an area of sown plots of 102 m2 on sod-medium podzolic light loamy soil with a humus content of 0.9-1.1% in 0-30 cm layer. The number of different groups of microorganisms that transform carbon and nitrogen compounds was determined in soil samples. Statistical methods – system analysis, mathematical and statistical analysis. Sowing of green manure such as lupine and oilseed radish had a positive effect on the number of ammonifiers (4.3-13.2 million CFU), which is 44-180% more than in the control. The mineral fertiliser system for potatoes also increased the number of ammonifiers by 15-50% compared to the option without fertilisers. The mineralisation-immobilisation coefficient was calculated as the ratio of the number of microorganisms that immobilise mineral forms of nitrogen to the number of organotrophs, and the pedotrophicity coefficient by the ratio of the number of microorganisms on soil agar to the number of microorganisms that grew on meat-peptone agar. It was established that the cultivation of green manure on sod-podzolic soil has a positive effect on the development of physiological groups of microorganisms and the microbiological processes tend to accumulate humus. The materials of the study are of practical value for agricultural producers who are engaged in growing potatoes on sod-podzolic soils in the possibility of replacing manure and mineral fertilisers in the fertiliser system of agricultural crops with green manure (lupine, oilseed radish)
{"title":"Microbiological assessment of sod-medium podzolic soil using various elements of biologisation","authors":"K. Shemetun, A. Balaev, O. Tonkha, O. Pikovska","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.52-58","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the ability of soils to self-repair and self-rehabilitation, it is important to monitor the indicators of soil microbiological activity. In conditions of manure deficiency, the restoration of organic matter of soils is provided by using non-commercial share of the crop and growing green manure crops, which is especially important for zonal soils of Ukrainian Polissia. The purpose of the study was to estimate the number of various physiological groups of microorganisms in sod-medium podzolic soil under the influence of various fertiliser systems. Field, laboratory, and statistical methods were used in the study. Field method: an experiment was conducted in a field of the Chernihiv Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Production of the NAAS with an area of sown plots of 102 m2 on sod-medium podzolic light loamy soil with a humus content of 0.9-1.1% in 0-30 cm layer. The number of different groups of microorganisms that transform carbon and nitrogen compounds was determined in soil samples. Statistical methods – system analysis, mathematical and statistical analysis. Sowing of green manure such as lupine and oilseed radish had a positive effect on the number of ammonifiers (4.3-13.2 million CFU), which is 44-180% more than in the control. The mineral fertiliser system for potatoes also increased the number of ammonifiers by 15-50% compared to the option without fertilisers. The mineralisation-immobilisation coefficient was calculated as the ratio of the number of microorganisms that immobilise mineral forms of nitrogen to the number of organotrophs, and the pedotrophicity coefficient by the ratio of the number of microorganisms on soil agar to the number of microorganisms that grew on meat-peptone agar. It was established that the cultivation of green manure on sod-podzolic soil has a positive effect on the development of physiological groups of microorganisms and the microbiological processes tend to accumulate humus. The materials of the study are of practical value for agricultural producers who are engaged in growing potatoes on sod-podzolic soils in the possibility of replacing manure and mineral fertilisers in the fertiliser system of agricultural crops with green manure (lupine, oilseed radish)","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81171272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.7-13
O. Derevyanko, Nazanin Maherramzade, S. Derevianko
If it is necessary to reduce the anthropogenic impact on agroecosystems in conditions of constant increase in the cost of resources – improving the technology of growing corn through the use of nanotechnologies is one of the prerequisites for increasing the yield of crops and their profitability. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to investigate the biological activity of Zn nanocarboxylates and MoS2 nanoparticles at different concentrations for the germination, growth, and development of corn seedlings. An experiment was conducted on corn sprouts to determine the effect of Zn and MoS2 nanoparticles. The germination rate and germination energy of seeds under the action of nanoparticles were determined in accordance with the requirements of the state standard DSTU 4138-2002. The study results were analysed by generally accepted statistical methods. It was established that MoS2 nanoparticles when diluted at 1:10,000 (at a concentration of 700 mcg/l) show biological activity and cause an increase in the length of leaf blades and the length of the roots of corn seedlings by 35.0% and 100.0%, respectively. At other concentrations (1:100; 1:1,000) of Zn and MoS2 nanoparticles, no significant effect on the size of leaf blades and roots was observed. According to the results of the Mana-Whitney test, in all variants, with the exception of the action of MoS2 nanoparticles in a 1:10,000 dilution, the significance level of changes was not sufficient. Only in the variant with MoS2 at 1:10,000 dilution, an increase in root length was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant effect in all the studied variants on the germination energy and laboratory germination of maize seeds. The practical value of the study is to assess the effect of drugs (Zn nanocarboxylates and MoS2 nanoparticles) for foliar top dressing, a wide range of which is offered to agricultural producers, selection of effective concentrations for the growth, development, and yield of corn per grain
{"title":"Evaluation of the biological effect of Zn nanocarboxylates and MoS2 nanoparticles on corn sprouts (Zea mays L.)","authors":"O. Derevyanko, Nazanin Maherramzade, S. Derevianko","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.7-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(2).2022.7-13","url":null,"abstract":"If it is necessary to reduce the anthropogenic impact on agroecosystems in conditions of constant increase in the cost of resources – improving the technology of growing corn through the use of nanotechnologies is one of the prerequisites for increasing the yield of crops and their profitability. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to investigate the biological activity of Zn nanocarboxylates and MoS2 nanoparticles at different concentrations for the germination, growth, and development of corn seedlings. An experiment was conducted on corn sprouts to determine the effect of Zn and MoS2 nanoparticles. The germination rate and germination energy of seeds under the action of nanoparticles were determined in accordance with the requirements of the state standard DSTU 4138-2002. The study results were analysed by generally accepted statistical methods. It was established that MoS2 nanoparticles when diluted at 1:10,000 (at a concentration of 700 mcg/l) show biological activity and cause an increase in the length of leaf blades and the length of the roots of corn seedlings by 35.0% and 100.0%, respectively. At other concentrations (1:100; 1:1,000) of Zn and MoS2 nanoparticles, no significant effect on the size of leaf blades and roots was observed. According to the results of the Mana-Whitney test, in all variants, with the exception of the action of MoS2 nanoparticles in a 1:10,000 dilution, the significance level of changes was not sufficient. Only in the variant with MoS2 at 1:10,000 dilution, an increase in root length was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant effect in all the studied variants on the germination energy and laboratory germination of maize seeds. The practical value of the study is to assess the effect of drugs (Zn nanocarboxylates and MoS2 nanoparticles) for foliar top dressing, a wide range of which is offered to agricultural producers, selection of effective concentrations for the growth, development, and yield of corn per grain","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81271980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.51-59
N. Tereshchenko, Lidiia Kovshun, Oleksandr Bobunov
Laboratory control requires testing of berry products for the content of residual amounts of mixtures of various xenobiotics: pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical conditions of extraction of xenobiotics from wild and cultivated blueberries and further chromatographic analysis of the obtained extracts. The leading approach to the development of a hybrid method of laboratory control of residual amounts of xenobiotics in berries is the construction of a theoretical model of the method and empirical studies of the proposed conditions of the method. The first stage of the study was sample preparation and extraction of xenobiotics. It was found that pesticides should be extracted from homogenized plant material, and for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, berries with an intact skin should be used. It was found that 1% acetonitrile solution of formic acid is a unified extractant of xenobiotics. The need for sequential chromatographic analysis of the obtained extracts by using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector, methods of high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with mass-selective detectors was substantiated. Approbation measurements showed that the limit of quantitative determination of residual quantities of pesticides is 0.01±0.001 mg/kg, and the limit of quantitative determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is much lower and is 0.5±0.05 μg/kg. The hybrid technique allows detecting and measuring the content of xenobiotics in extracts of blueberry berries within 90 minutes. The working ranges for controlling pesticide content are from 1.0 mg/kg to 0.01 mg/kg, for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – from 20 µg/kg to 0.5 µg/kg. The magnitude of the error of the quantitative analysis was estimated using the root-mean-square deviation from the mean (σ, %). The completeness of extraction of xenobiotics was established as a percentage (r, %) using a series of studies of model samples artificially enriched with xenobiotics. It was found that the measurement error of xenobiotic content does not exceed 20%, the value of analyte extraction is within 90-108%, the method is suitable for laboratory control. The developed hybrid method is of practical value for performing laboratory control of chemical compounds dangerous to human health
{"title":"A HYBRID TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING THE CONTENT OF XENOBIOTICS IN WILD AND CULTIVATED BLUEBERRIES","authors":"N. Tereshchenko, Lidiia Kovshun, Oleksandr Bobunov","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.51-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.51-59","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory control requires testing of berry products for the content of residual amounts of mixtures of various xenobiotics: pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical conditions of extraction of xenobiotics from wild and cultivated blueberries and further chromatographic analysis of the obtained extracts. The leading approach to the development of a hybrid method of laboratory control of residual amounts of xenobiotics in berries is the construction of a theoretical model of the method and empirical studies of the proposed conditions of the method. The first stage of the study was sample preparation and extraction of xenobiotics. It was found that pesticides should be extracted from homogenized plant material, and for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, berries with an intact skin should be used. It was found that 1% acetonitrile solution of formic acid is a unified extractant of xenobiotics. The need for sequential chromatographic analysis of the obtained extracts by using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector, methods of high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with mass-selective detectors was substantiated. Approbation measurements showed that the limit of quantitative determination of residual quantities of pesticides is 0.01±0.001 mg/kg, and the limit of quantitative determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is much lower and is 0.5±0.05 μg/kg. The hybrid technique allows detecting and measuring the content of xenobiotics in extracts of blueberry berries within 90 minutes. The working ranges for controlling pesticide content are from 1.0 mg/kg to 0.01 mg/kg, for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – from 20 µg/kg to 0.5 µg/kg. The magnitude of the error of the quantitative analysis was estimated using the root-mean-square deviation from the mean (σ, %). The completeness of extraction of xenobiotics was established as a percentage (r, %) using a series of studies of model samples artificially enriched with xenobiotics. It was found that the measurement error of xenobiotic content does not exceed 20%, the value of analyte extraction is within 90-108%, the method is suitable for laboratory control. The developed hybrid method is of practical value for performing laboratory control of chemical compounds dangerous to human health","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73120852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.67-73
L. Harbar, Аnatolii Yunyk
The relevance of this study is determined by the need to optimize the production process of agrocenoses of spring rapeseed and establish the regularities of the dynamics of macroelements in the soil under the influence of different rates of mineral fertilisers. In this regard, the purpose of this paper was to cover the regularities of changes in the content of macroelements in typical low-humus chernozems at different stages of spring rapeseed culture development in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Field, laboratory, analytical, and statistical research methods were used in the study. It was established that the highest content of macroelements in the soil at all levels of mineral fertiliser is in the phase of leaf rosette formation by spring rapeseed plants (BBCH 15-18). As plants grow through the phases, it decreases and reaches minimum values in the ripening phase (BBCH 85-88). The highest content of nitrogen mineral compounds was noted in BBCH 15-18: 52.0-60.2 mg/kg of soil depending on the fertiliser variant, the content in the variant without fertiliser application – 49.8 mg/kg of soil. It was found that the maximum content of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil was recorded in the first half of the growing season. It was found that the content of mobile potassium in the soil is dictated by the amount of applied mineral fertilisers. The highest content was noted at the beginning of the vegetation of spring rapeseed, with a gradual decrease until the seed ripening phase (BBCH 85-88). A close correlation was established between the accumulation of dry matter in the BBCH 55-58 period and the yield level (r=0.91). The materials of this paper are of practical value for the improvement of processes related to the development of the productivity of spring rapeseed crops in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine, as well as the rational use of mineral fertilisers on typical low-humus chernozems
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF USE OF MACRONUTRIENTS BY SPRING RAPESEED PLANTS","authors":"L. Harbar, Аnatolii Yunyk","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.67-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.67-73","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this study is determined by the need to optimize the production process of agrocenoses of spring rapeseed and establish the regularities of the dynamics of macroelements in the soil under the influence of different rates of mineral fertilisers. In this regard, the purpose of this paper was to cover the regularities of changes in the content of macroelements in typical low-humus chernozems at different stages of spring rapeseed culture development in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Field, laboratory, analytical, and statistical research methods were used in the study. It was established that the highest content of macroelements in the soil at all levels of mineral fertiliser is in the phase of leaf rosette formation by spring rapeseed plants (BBCH 15-18). As plants grow through the phases, it decreases and reaches minimum values in the ripening phase (BBCH 85-88). The highest content of nitrogen mineral compounds was noted in BBCH 15-18: 52.0-60.2 mg/kg of soil depending on the fertiliser variant, the content in the variant without fertiliser application – 49.8 mg/kg of soil. It was found that the maximum content of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil was recorded in the first half of the growing season. It was found that the content of mobile potassium in the soil is dictated by the amount of applied mineral fertilisers. The highest content was noted at the beginning of the vegetation of spring rapeseed, with a gradual decrease until the seed ripening phase (BBCH 85-88). A close correlation was established between the accumulation of dry matter in the BBCH 55-58 period and the yield level (r=0.91). The materials of this paper are of practical value for the improvement of processes related to the development of the productivity of spring rapeseed crops in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine, as well as the rational use of mineral fertilisers on typical low-humus chernozems","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88686329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.17-26
O. Komar, Iryna Bobos, I. Fedosiy
Among the unexplored technological elements of growing fenugreek in the conditions of Ukraine is the creation of conveyor cultivation of the culture. Therefore, the problem of the influence of sowing dates on the growth and development of plants, the parameters of the harvest and the qualitative composition of marketable products is acute. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the optimal sowing dates of fenugreek species to increase the yield of dried products in the conditions of Polissia on sod-podzolic soils. The leading methods employed to investigate this issue were the field method – to find the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors, statistical method – to evaluate the research results to find the parameters of fenugreek’s adaptive capacity. During 2012-2014, for different sowing periods, the average yield of dry mass in blue fenugreek varied from 0.5 to 1.3 t/ha, and in hay fenugreek – from 0.6 to 1.5 t/ha. The early spring period and the late spring period of the 1st sowing period were characterized by the highest overall adaptive capacity. The highest value of the specific adaptive capacity was established during the late spring 2nd sowing period. The relative stability index ranged from 2.6 to 11.4. Blue fenugreek during the late spring 1st and 2nd sowing periods responds well to improved growing conditions (bi >1), and fenugreek hay during the late spring 2nd and summer sowing periods. Early spring and late spring 1st sowing period samples are characterized by high breeding value. An increase in the sum of effective temperatures by 1°C contributed to the fluctuation of green mass yield from 4.82 to 128 kg/ha, and dry mass yield from 0.401 to 6.63 kg/ha. At the same time, an increase in precipitation by 1 mm affected the fluctuation of the yield of green mass from 15.0 to 146 kg/ha, and of dry mass from 0.145 to 25.9 kg/ha. Commercial production of fenugreek species was formed within the range of the sum of air temperatures (>10°C) 383.9-487.1°C, the amount of precipitation 70.7-144.3 mm, and the growing season ranged from 35 to 55 days. The highest productivity of fenugreek species was found during sowing from the second decade of April to the first decade of May. The materials of this paper are of practical value for expanding the species diversity of vegetables and increasing the supply of the population with valuable food products and during the application of new and improved elements of technologies for growing valuable rare crops to achieve the maximum effect of fulfilling the genetic potential of plants
{"title":"ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF FENUGREEK SPECIES AT DIFFERENT SOWING TIMES","authors":"O. Komar, Iryna Bobos, I. Fedosiy","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.17-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.17-26","url":null,"abstract":"Among the unexplored technological elements of growing fenugreek in the conditions of Ukraine is the creation of conveyor cultivation of the culture. Therefore, the problem of the influence of sowing dates on the growth and development of plants, the parameters of the harvest and the qualitative composition of marketable products is acute. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the optimal sowing dates of fenugreek species to increase the yield of dried products in the conditions of Polissia on sod-podzolic soils. The leading methods employed to investigate this issue were the field method – to find the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors, statistical method – to evaluate the research results to find the parameters of fenugreek’s adaptive capacity. During 2012-2014, for different sowing periods, the average yield of dry mass in blue fenugreek varied from 0.5 to 1.3 t/ha, and in hay fenugreek – from 0.6 to 1.5 t/ha. The early spring period and the late spring period of the 1st sowing period were characterized by the highest overall adaptive capacity. The highest value of the specific adaptive capacity was established during the late spring 2nd sowing period. The relative stability index ranged from 2.6 to 11.4. Blue fenugreek during the late spring 1st and 2nd sowing periods responds well to improved growing conditions (bi >1), and fenugreek hay during the late spring 2nd and summer sowing periods. Early spring and late spring 1st sowing period samples are characterized by high breeding value. An increase in the sum of effective temperatures by 1°C contributed to the fluctuation of green mass yield from 4.82 to 128 kg/ha, and dry mass yield from 0.401 to 6.63 kg/ha. At the same time, an increase in precipitation by 1 mm affected the fluctuation of the yield of green mass from 15.0 to 146 kg/ha, and of dry mass from 0.145 to 25.9 kg/ha. Commercial production of fenugreek species was formed within the range of the sum of air temperatures (>10°C) 383.9-487.1°C, the amount of precipitation 70.7-144.3 mm, and the growing season ranged from 35 to 55 days. The highest productivity of fenugreek species was found during sowing from the second decade of April to the first decade of May. The materials of this paper are of practical value for expanding the species diversity of vegetables and increasing the supply of the population with valuable food products and during the application of new and improved elements of technologies for growing valuable rare crops to achieve the maximum effect of fulfilling the genetic potential of plants","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84860894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-19DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.60-66
T. Khomenko, O. Tonkha, O. Pikovska, A. Achasov
In the present-day world, the demand for organic products is growing, but there is an insufficient number of studies on the impact of biological preparations on soil fertility parameters. Indicators of microbiological activity are not the same for different soil types, which is why it is necessary to investigate them in detail in specific soil and climatic conditions, especially on zonal soils, which are sod-podzolic soils in Polissia. Research on the impact of various biological preparations on soil fertility indicators for the cultivation of one of the most popular crops in Ukraine – food potatoes – is relevant. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of treatment of potato tuber seeds with biological preparations and introduction of a biodestructor for better decomposition of siderate on the focus of microbiological processes in the soil. The study was carried out in an experiment at the Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Potato Growing of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental site was sod-medium-podzolic sandy soil on water-glacial deposits. The stationary experiment included variants with the addition of siderate to the soil without a destructor (Background 1) and with the addition of the Ecostern destructor to the siderate (Background 2). The effectiveness of the following biological preparations was also investigated: Mycohelp, Agat, Regoplant, Fitohelp, Stimpo. Soil analysis for microbiological indicators was carried out in samples taken from the 0-20 cm layer. The focus of microbiological processes in the soil was found by the corresponding coefficients. It was found that the oligotrophicity coefficient was less than one on the variants using the Ecostern biodestructor during the growing season of potatoes, which indicates a good supply of easily digestible organic substances to the soil microbiota, while on the variants without Ecostern during the ripening phase, the oligotrophicity coefficients exceeded one. The coefficient of pedotrophicity changed more during the growing season than according to the variants of the experiment. In the seedling and flowering phase of potatoes, mineralisationimmobilisation coefficients were low in all variants of the experiment, which indicates the predominance of synthesis of organic matter. The materials of this paper are of practical value for farmers and producers of organic crop production in the issue of plant residue management for the use of biodestructors in the technology of growing food potatoes
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL FOR THE CULTIVATION OF FOOD POTATOES","authors":"T. Khomenko, O. Tonkha, O. Pikovska, A. Achasov","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.60-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.60-66","url":null,"abstract":"In the present-day world, the demand for organic products is growing, but there is an insufficient number of studies on the impact of biological preparations on soil fertility parameters. Indicators of microbiological activity are not the same for different soil types, which is why it is necessary to investigate them in detail in specific soil and climatic conditions, especially on zonal soils, which are sod-podzolic soils in Polissia. Research on the impact of various biological preparations on soil fertility indicators for the cultivation of one of the most popular crops in Ukraine – food potatoes – is relevant. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of treatment of potato tuber seeds with biological preparations and introduction of a biodestructor for better decomposition of siderate on the focus of microbiological processes in the soil. The study was carried out in an experiment at the Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Potato Growing of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental site was sod-medium-podzolic sandy soil on water-glacial deposits. The stationary experiment included variants with the addition of siderate to the soil without a destructor (Background 1) and with the addition of the Ecostern destructor to the siderate (Background 2). The effectiveness of the following biological preparations was also investigated: Mycohelp, Agat, Regoplant, Fitohelp, Stimpo. Soil analysis for microbiological indicators was carried out in samples taken from the 0-20 cm layer. The focus of microbiological processes in the soil was found by the corresponding coefficients. It was found that the oligotrophicity coefficient was less than one on the variants using the Ecostern biodestructor during the growing season of potatoes, which indicates a good supply of easily digestible organic substances to the soil microbiota, while on the variants without Ecostern during the ripening phase, the oligotrophicity coefficients exceeded one. The coefficient of pedotrophicity changed more during the growing season than according to the variants of the experiment. In the seedling and flowering phase of potatoes, mineralisationimmobilisation coefficients were low in all variants of the experiment, which indicates the predominance of synthesis of organic matter. The materials of this paper are of practical value for farmers and producers of organic crop production in the issue of plant residue management for the use of biodestructors in the technology of growing food potatoes","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91313244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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