PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE最新文献

{"title":"The level of intensity of soft winter wheat varieties infection by Fusarium link pathogens and their identification on grain","authors":"L. Murashko, T. Mukha, O. Humenyuk, Vira Kіrіlenko, N. Novytska","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.35-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.35-45","url":null,"abstract":"In today's environment, an important task of agricultural production is to increase yields and improve the quality of agricultural products. A reliable and environmentally beneficial factor for sustainable yield increase and improvement of grain quality is the development of new varieties with group resistance to diseases and a high level of adaptability. The effectiveness of selection for immunity directly depends on the diversity of donor resistance genes, and the search for new sources of resistance has been and remains an urgent issue. The aim of the study was to determine the level of infection of soft winter wheat varieties with Fusarium head blight pathogens and to identify them. Varieties of soft winter wheat from different breeding institutions of Ukraine were used in the research: Institute of Plant Industry named after V.Y. Yuriev NAAS (IPI), Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IPPG), Institute of Plant Protection NAAS (IPP), Institute of Irrigated Agriculture NAAS (IA), National Research Center \"Institute of Agriculture NAAS\" (NRC IA). Phytopathological analysis was used to determine the species composition of the Fusarium pathogen, and the proportion of species was determined by the ratio of infected wheat grain samples to their total number. A higher (15-18%) level of Fusarium infection intensity was observed in the varieties Perfect, Turunchuk, Ovid, Vodograi, and Mirolyubna. During the years of research, winter wheat grain was colonized by the following species of Fusarium ear blight: F. sporotrichiella, F. monilifopme, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. gibbosum F. sambucinum and F. oxysporium. The species F. monilifopme and F. oxysporium dominated, with a prevalence of 16.2 and 1.7% on wheat grain, respectively. The winter wheat varieties with the lowest (1.2-4.5%) damage by pathogens of the genus Fusarium are recommended for use in wheat breeding for immunity. The use of stable source material in practical breeding will help to curb the growth of pathogen infection without the use of chemical protection agents.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77244534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional components of fresh and frozen fruits of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)","authors":"L. Shevchuk, Yu.Yu. Vintskovska, Svitlana Babenko, B. Mazur, Oleksandr Havryliuk","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.57-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.57-67","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the considerable popularity of tall blueberries among consumers, which they have gained due to their balanced taste and content of nutrients and biologically active substances useful for the human body. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the suitability of the fruits of the varieties 'Duke', 'Patriot', 'Chanticleer' for freezing and storage in a frozen state. To achieve this goal, biometric, laboratory, analytical and statistical research methods were used. As a result of the studies, it was found that the frozen fruits of tall blueberries of the studied varieties 'Duke', 'Patriot', 'Chantilly' meet the requirements of the highest commercial grade according to DSTU 4837:2007. The thawed berries of the Duke variety had a better appearance than those of the other two studied varieties, thawed with a waxy coating inherent in this type of fruit, their weight loss during freezing was 0.20%, and the loss of juice after thawing was 0.71%. In the berries of tall blueberries of varieties Duke, Patriot, Chanticleer in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, from 17.6 to 19.0 mg/100 g of vitamin C, 378-545 mg/100 g of polyphenolic substances, 127.2-176.8 mg/100 g of flavonoids, 59.4-162.9 mg/100 g of anthocyanins, 15.6-32.5 mg/100 g of chalcones were accumulated. The largest amount of nutrients was contained in the thawed berries of the Duke variety, while the losses during freezing and thawing were: vitamin C - 2.7 mg/100 g, total polyphenols - 102 mg/100 g, anthocyanins - 41.8 mg/100 g. The data obtained are of practical value for gardeners when choosing a variety for creating plantations of tall blueberries, the fruits of which can be used both for fresh consumption and for freezing","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89463304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of growth and development of cowpea varieties based on phenological and morphological observations","authors":"Iryna Bobos, O. Komar, I. Fedosiy","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.7-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.7-16","url":null,"abstract":"The search and selection of cowpea varieties with optimal economic characteristics is a key factor in the development of cultivation technologies to increase yields. The purpose of the study was to determine the phenological and morphological characteristics of cowpea varieties and establish the relationship between economically valuable indicators and weather conditions. The leading approaches to studying this problem are field method – to assess the growth and development of cowpea varieties; statistical – to conduct variance and correlation analysis of the assessment of morphological features and economically valuable indicators of cowpea. Five cowpea varieties were studied: Groik (Israel), Kafedralna (Ukraine), Gasson (Vietnam), American improved (USA), and U-Cha-Kontou (China). It was found that the duration of phenological phases of cowpea varieties depended on weather conditions. Varieties of cowpea were characterised by early maturation periods for the sum of effective temperatures of 192.0-207.5°C and precipitation of 30.54-31.65 mm. Earlier maturation periods were the varieties American improved, Kafedralna, Gasson with the duration of the period from germination to the beginning of harvesting ripeness of the pod – 58-62 days and the duration of the period from germination to biological ripeness of seeds – 92-94 days. For the vegetable industry, bush varieties Kafedralna and U-Cha-Kontou with a plant height of 48.5-54.9 cm were promising, which formed tender long beans with a weak parchment layer (22.8-23.6 cm). Groik and Gasson varieties proved valuable for growing seedlings due to the small light-coloured seeds with a plant height of 61.8-100.5 cm and the formation of a large number of short beans on the plant (12.8-15.6 cm). A strong relationship between morphological features and economically valuable indicators of cowpea has been established. The average bean yield had a direct strong relationship with the total number of beans per plant (r=0.93) and a strong inverse relationship with the length of the bean (r=-0.88). As the length of the beans increased, the average yield of beans and the number of beans on the plant decreased, as evidenced by a strong inverse relationship between these indicators (r=-0.93). The materials of the paper are of practical value for increasing the species diversity of vegetable crops and improving the provision of valuable food products to the population","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73772053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of chlorogenic acid in cotyledonous leaves and husks of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)","authors":"A. Likhanov, O. Klyachenko, Аnatolii Yunyk, S. Kalenska","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.27-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.27-34","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to optimise the production process of the sunflower farming ecosystem by increasing environmental sustainability. Among the by-products of processing, the use of which is still not effective, the release of the powerful antioxidant chlorogenic acid has not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, this paper is aimed at revealing the patterns of accumulation and identification of phenolic compounds in cotyledons and sunflower husks. The purpose of the study is to identify phenolic compounds in cotyledonous leaves and husks of various genotypes of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by thin-layer chromatography. In the course of research on this problem, the authors used field, biochemical, and statistical research methods. To identify chlorogenic acid, a solvent system was used: chloroform – glacial acetic acid – methanol – water (60:32:12:8). Chromatography analysis was performed in the SORBFLIL TLC software suite. The object of research is the Auris common sunflower hybrid. It is established that the qualitative composition of the phenolic complex and the number of individual compounds has a pronounced variety specificity. On the chromatogram, this substance has an Rf of ~ 0.60 (for sunflower husks) and an Rf of ~0.74 (for cotyledonous leaves). It was found that the most effective solvent for chlorogenic acid is aqueous ethanol. Extraction of chlorogenic acid with 40% ethanol provides up to 10 mg/g of chlorogenic acid. In addition to chlorogenic acid, a small amount of caffeic acid was found in the alcohol extract. The materials of the study are of practical value for improving the processes related to the development of the productivity of sunflower crops and the rational use of processing by-products","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87393623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Soil Fertility Indicators of Chernivtsi Region","authors":"Mykhailo Hunchak, Mykhailo Solomiichuk, O. Pikovska","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.18-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.18-26","url":null,"abstract":"For the development of measures for the rational use of soils, an agrochemical assessment of soils is important. The purpose of research was to establish the dynamics of changes in soil fertility indicators of the Chernivtsi region during 2011-2020. In our work were used laboratory and field methods, analysis and generalization. In the soil samples, the reaction of the soil environment, humus content, nitrogen content of easily hydrolyzable compounds, mobile phosphates and exchangeable potassium were determined. It was established that the acidity of the soil solution in the region is dominated by lands close to neutral (31.8%) and neutral (36.5%). The weighted average indicator of saline pH is 5.8, which corresponds to a close to neutral reaction of the soil solution. Compared to the previous survey round (2011-2015), the weighted average pH did not change. In terms of the level of humus provision, soils with an average humus content prevail (66.7%), and the weighted average humus content in the region is 2.7%. Compared to the previous survey round, the weighted average content of humus increased by 0.1%. According to the content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen, most lands have very low (48.3%) and low nitrogen content (48.7%). The weighted average indicator of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen content for the reporting period is 106.4 mg/kg of soil, which corresponds to the low availability of this element. When compared with the previous survey round, the weighted average indicator of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen content increased by 0.9 mg/kg of soil. The region is dominated by lands with an average content of mobile phosphorus compounds (31.5%), and the weighted average indicator of the content of mobile phosphorus compounds is 56 mg/kg, which corresponds to average availability. Compared to the previous survey round, the weighted average indicator of phosphorus content increased by 4.0 mg/kg. In terms of the content of mobile compounds of potassium, lands with a very high content of potassium prevail (51.5%), although the weighted average indicator of the content of mobile compounds of potassium is 78 mg/kg, which corresponds to the average supply of the macroelement. Compared to the previous survey round, the weighted average indicator of phosphorus content increased by 15.4 mg/kg. The results of the article can be used in the process of training specialists in soil science and agronomy, and will also be useful for land users of the Chernivtsi region when planning measures for the rational use of soils.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76375906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of hydrothermal factors on feed and seed productivity of alfalfa in conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"V. Petrychenko, O. Korniichuk, V. Buhaiov, V. Horenskyi, Yurii Veklenko","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.49-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.49-59","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance of the research is determined by the need to study the influence of the region’s hydrothermal resources on the alfalfa leaf-stem mass and seed yield formation, which is important in the present climate change conditions. In this regard, the article is aimed at identifying the influence of precipitation and temperature regime on the growth and development of plants of varieties and hybrids according to mowing cycles and years of grass stand use. In the research, the following methods were used: field (conducting phenological observations and records), laboratory (structural analysis of the grass stand), mathematical and statistical (objective evaluation of the experimental data obtained). It was found that the amount of precipitation from the beginning of the period of relative rest until the onset of active temperatures above 10˚C had the greatest influence on formation of the 1st mowing; the amount of precipitation after the establishment of active temperatures above 10˚С and up to the moment of the leaf-stem mass yield accounting had a moderate effect on the formation of the 2nd mowing and strong – on the 3rd one; the amount of precipitation of the previous mowing period – on the 2nd-4th one (the strongest – on the 4th); the sum of active temperatures above 10˚С – on the 1st and 3rd mowing; hydrothermal coefficient indicators – on the 2nd-3rd ones; duration of the growing season with active temperatures above 10˚С – on the 1st and 3rd. Seed yield, in contrast to feed productivity, largely depended on the amount of precipitation before the flowering phase and during the growing season of alfalfa in general. It was established that the yield of dry matter and seeds productivity are influenced by: the sum of active temperatures, the amount of precipitation per mowing or plant vegetation period, and the genetic characteristics of the hybrids and varieties under study. It was discovered that the hydrothermal conditions of the year differently influence the level of plant productivity – excessive and sufficient moisture increases feed productivity and reduces seed yield. The obtained data are of practical value for predicting the yield of the green mass of alfalfa in each subsequent mowing depending on the amount of precipitation during the previous growing season, as well as for the development of programs for the creation of synthetic varieties with the increased productivity rates of leaf-stem mass and seeds.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90303105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation the productivity of castor plant depending on row spacing and standing density","authors":"B. Mazurenko, L. Honchar, L. Harbar, Аnatolii Yunyk","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.38-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.38-48","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of plant species, their varieties or hybrids and the formation of their productivity is an urgent need today due to the shortage of biofuel production at the world level. The purpose of the research was to reveal the influence of technological measures (row spacing and density of plant standing) on the formation of elements of the crop structure of castor varieties. Research was conducted during 2020-2021in field conditions to study the influence of plant stand density and row width on the elements of the structure of the castor crop of Khortytska 3 and Olesia varieties in the educational and scientific laboratory \"Demonstration Field of Agricultural Crops\" of NUBiP of Ukraine. Following methods were used: theoretical (statistical processing) and practical (descriptive, comparative). The following indicators were evaluated: weight of 1000 seeds, number of fruits per plant, weight of seeds per plant. Results. Seed yield of castor variety Khortytska 3 was 1.27–1.46 t/ha with a maximum at a stand density of 50,000 plants/ha and a row width of 70 cm. Seed yield of castor cultivar Khortyts’ka 3 was 1.27–1.46 t/ha with a maximum at the option of standing density 50,000 plants/ha and a row space at 70 cm. Seed yield of cultivar Olesya was 1.34–1.42 t/ha with the selection of the two most productive options: first is row space 45 cm and 37.5 thousand plants/ha; alternative is row space 70 cm and standing density of 50 thousand plants/ha. Seed productivity of one plant can increase almost twice when the standing density is reduced from 50 to 25 thousand plants/ha, with the simultaneous formation of larger seeds. Thousand seeds weight of cultivar Khortyts’ka 3 ranged from 268 to 283 g and it was 294–316 g in cultivar Olesya, It was established that the correlation between seed yield and elements of yield structure is negative or absent at all, and positive with stand density. Research results indicate a high compensatory ability of castor cultivar Khortytska 3 and Olesya varieties in the formation of productivity elements under different stand densities and row widths in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. This makes it possible to carry out further research on the influence of sowing parameters in a wider range and to use the obtained results for growing castor in atypical soil and climatic conditions","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86577087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop yield and energy assessment of chickpea and sunflower cultivation depending on microirrigation system designs","authors":"A. Shatkovskyi, O. Hulenko, V. Kalilei","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.60-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.60-67","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 15-20 years, agricultural production in Ukraine has been reoriented to the cultivation of more profitable, highly liquid, as well as drought-resistant crops, in particular – chickpeas and sunflowers. Simultaneously, the technology of growing these crops is quite energy-consuming, especially under irrigation conditions. Therefore, research on the impact of micro-irrigation system designs on the energy parameters of chickpea and sunflower cultivation is relevant. The purpose of the scientific work is to perform an energy assessment of chickpea and sunflower cultivation depending on the construction of micro-irrigation systems and the method of water supply. Research methods: short-term field experiments, and analytical and statistical methods for processing experimental data. The scheme of field experiments provided for various options for laying irrigation pipelines (IP) of micro-irrigation systems (in the horizontal and vertical planes) and the implementation of a pulsed water supply mode (standard). The control was the variant without irrigation. Based on the results of experimental studies, it was found that the method of laying irrigation pipelines (the design of micro-irrigation systems) reliably affects the yield of field crops. Thus, a higher yield was recorded with a shorter distances between the IP (0,7 and 1,0 m), regardless of the depth of the pipelines. It has been proven, that the higher yield level of both chickpeas (4,28 t/ha) and sunflower (4,50 t/ha) was obtained when implementing the pulse water supply mode, however, such an increase was within the error of the field experiment. At the same time, the introduction of subsoil drip irrigation is more appropriate than the cultivation of chickpeas and sunflowers in terms of the total energy costs of the technology. An analysis of energy efficiency in terms of the energy efficiency coefficient (EEC) indicates a high level of energy efficiency in chickpea and sunflower cultivation under both surface and subsurface drip irrigation (EEC = 2,03-2,23 and 2,32-2,50, respectively). The most effective was the cultivation of these crops with a pulsed water supply: EEC was 2,44 for growing of chickpeas and 2,61 for growing of sunflowers. The research materials are of practical value for farmers in the matter of energy management in chickpea and sunflower micro-irrigation technologies.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84941758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of the average fruit weight and the ratio of stone to pulp in the cherry fruit grown in the south of the steppe zone of Ukraine","authors":"I. Ivanova, M. Serdiuk, T. Tymoshchuk, Oleksandr Havryliuk, Vladyslav Tonkha","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.27-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.27-37","url":null,"abstract":"The main indicator that determines the competitiveness of cherry fruits is the average weight of the fruit and the ratio of stone to pulp, so the study of cherry fruits of different cultivars according to these qualitative indicators is relevant. The popularity of cherries among consumers is due to the high taste qualities of fruits with an attractive appearance, as well as the early ripening period. The purpose of the research was to study the average fruit weight and stone weight of 33 cherry cultivars of three ripening periods, both introduced varieties and those included in the State Register of plant cultivars suitable for distribution in Ukraine, and to select varieties and variety samples that have scientific and practical value for studied parameters. The determination of the average weight of the fruit, the weight of the stone and their ratio of the stone to the pulp in cherry fruits was carried out in the period of consumer ripeness. Selection and preparation of samples for analysis was carried out according to DSTU ISO 874-2002. The average weight of the fruit in cherry fruits grown in the conditions of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine was 8.41 grams, the average stone weight was 0.56 grams. The fruits of the late ripening cherry group had the optimal fruit mass (7.27–12.18 g). The varieties ‘Svit Erliz’ and ‘Rubinova Rannia’ turned out to be the most stable with the minimum coefficients of variation according to the studied parameters in terms of the early maturing cultivars in terms of fruit weight and stone weight. Among the group of medium-ripening varieties, the most stable fruit and stone mass were the fruits of the cultivars ‘Temp’ and ‘Vinka’. In the group of cultivars with a late ripening period, the smallest variability of fruit mass and stone content was recorded in the cultivar ‘Regina’. It was established that the weather conditions of the research years had a dominant influence on the formation of fruit mass in all groups of cultivars. Varietal features had a dominant influence on the weight of the bone. The results of the research will be interesting for industrial and amateur horticulture in Ukraine","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88318446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Electromagnetic Field to Produce Flattened Cereals from Emmer Wheat Grains","authors":"H. Hospodarenko, V. Liubych, V. Novikov, I. Leshchenko, O. Oliinyk","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.7-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(3).2022.7-17","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the results of the radiation of hulled emmer wheat grains during the production of flattened cereals. Emmer wheat grains (dehulling index 13–15 %) after moistening were exposed to the radiation in the microwave oven for 20–180 s. Flattened cereals were divided into the premium and first-grade quality, shredded cereals and middlings. The study focused on the changes in the output and culinary properties of flattened cereals depending on the duration of radiation, level of humidification and cultivar properties. Application of the electromagnetic field had a strong influence on the output of flattened cereals. Moistening had a positive influence on the output of flattened cereals of the premium grade. The total output of cereal products after flattening of cereal from emmer wheat № 1 of Holikvska variety without hydrothermal treatment varied from 85.5 to 97.3 % depending on the duration of treatment in a microwave oven. Moistening of cereals by 0.5 % didn’t raise the total output of cereals as it was expected. The output of flattened cereals varied depending on the cultivar. The highest output of flattened cereals (79.2 %) was obtained from emmer wheat of Holikovska variety. To obtain the highest output of flattened cereals of the premium grade should be exposed to the radiation for 80–120 s depending on the cultivar/ line. The increase in time of radiation in the microwave (>120 s) leads to the considerable crushing of cereals after flattening. The cooking time of flattened cereals decreases as the time of treatment in the microwave oven increases. Only cultivar properties influence the organoleptic parameters (color, flavor). Radiation of cereals № 1 from emmer wheat Holikovska for 80–100 s without moistening provides a high output of flattened cereals of the premium grade with excellent organoleptic parameters.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82351036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}