PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE最新文献

{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBIOTA AND DIAGNOSIS OF SOYBEAN SEED DISEASES","authors":"M. Pikovskyi, Mykhailo Solomiichuk","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.44-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.44-50","url":null,"abstract":"Micromycetes that colonise soybean seeds reduce their sowing quality, causing loss of germination, rotting and death of seedlings, and the appearance of diseases on young plants. Infection-free seed is one of the factors that ensure crop growth. Therefore, the study of mycobiota of seeds is relevant for the implementation of preventive disease control measures. The purpose of this study was to identify phytopathogenic fungi that colonise soybean seeds and to establish their species composition. The seed samples were selected in the conditions of the Ukrainian Scientific Plant Quarantine Research Station (Chernivtsi Oblast) of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences during 2019-2021. Mycological studies of soybean seeds were performed in the scientific laboratory of the Department of Phytopathology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine using the biological method from subsequent morphological and microscopic analysis of pathogens. It was established that the species composition of mycobiota of soybean seeds is diverse and is represented by 17 species: Reronospora manshurica (Naum.) Syd. (downy mildew pathogen), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary (white mold pathogen), Botryotinia fuckeliana Whetzel. (grey mold pathogen), Diaporthe sp. (Phomopsis pathogen); pathogens of fusariosis are Fusarium okhusporum (Schl.), Snyd. et Hans., Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, Fusarium gibbosum App. et Wr., Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc.; Alternaria alternata (Fries: Fries) Keissler (Alternaria pathogen), Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries (cladosporiosis pathogen), Colletotrichum sp. (anthracnose pathogen); pathogens of various moulds – Aspergillus niger van Tiegh., Aspergillus flavus Link, Trichothecium roseum Link ex Friet Fries, Mucor mucedo Fres. amend. Bref., Penicillium expansum Link and Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb. The dominant species were C. cladosporioides and A. alternata, their frequency of occurrence was in the range of 28.5-47.8%. The obtained data on the symptoms of mycosis of soybean seeds, the species composition of pathogens and their frequency of occurrence are of practical importance for the diagnosis of diseases, the identification of pathogens and the implementation of preventive therapeutic control measures","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77552778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CREATION OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE FORMS OF WINTER WHEAT WITH COMPLEX RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND PESTS ON ARTIFICIAL INFECTIOUS BACKGROUNDS OF THEIR CAUSATIVE AGENTS","authors":"T. Mukha, L. Murashko, O. Humenyuk, Y. Suddenko, N. Novytska, O. Martynov","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.35-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.35-43","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases of field crops substantially reduce the yield and quality of the obtained agricultural products. Underselection of gross grain harvest due to diseases and pests can reach about 25-30% annually. This necessitates the creation of resistant varieties for winter wheat selection. The purpose of this study was to create a new highly productive selection material with complex resistance against the main most harmful diseases for further use in the selection of winter wheat. In the phase of emergence of plants in the tube, winter wheat plants were infected with spores of the causative agent of brown rust according to E.E. Heschele’s method. To create an artificial infectious background of brown rust, a synthetic population of the pathogen (Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences) was used as a reservoir of infection – a susceptible variety of Myronivska 10. To create an artificial infectious background of powdery mildew, a local population and an infectious reservoir of the American variety Keprock were used. In the F3 hybrid nursery against the provoking background of powdery mildew, combinations highly resistant to the pathogen (up to 5%) were selected, created with sources of resistance: Zdar, Fakon, Pi170911, Bongo – Svitanok Myronivskyi/Zdar, Kolos Myronivshchyny/Fakon, Berehynia Myronivska/Pi170911, Dostatok/Bongo. Resistance against the pathogen (up to 10.0%) was observed in two crossing combinations (Gorlytsia Myronivska/Gloria and Remeslivna/Wervok). Crossing combinations created with sources of resistance were selected on the artificial infectious background of hybrids of the fourth generation for resistance to brown rust: Flex, V 1275, Tobarzo, 203-238. It is worth noting the hybrids: Oberih Myronivskyi/Flex, Smuhlianka/V 1275, Monotyp/Tobarzo, Kolos Myronivshchyna/203-238. The largest number of grains in an ear was obtained from the combination Svitanok Myronivskyi/Zdar (61.5 pieces), and the largest weight of grain from an ear was obtained from the combinations Horlytsia Myronivska/Gloria and Berehynia Myronivska/Pi170911 (2.38 g and 2.37 g, respectively). The Oberih Myronivskyi/Flex combination stood out for its resistance to brown rust and performance elements. The samples selected based on the results of the study are used as valuable raw material to create new winter wheat varieties resistant to diseases in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76102050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF SOYBEAN INOCULATION WITH NODULE BACTERIA AND MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE","authors":"A. Datsko, L. Kvasnitska, O. Litvinova","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.27-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.27-34","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this study is determined by a complex of factors that shape soybean grain productivity – the effectiveness of symbiotic systems formed with nodule bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, the activity of growth processes and the formation of vegetative organs by soybean plants, as well as their adaptive plasticity under the influence of various external factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphobiometric characteristics of soybean plants, the productivity of the crop after pre-sowing treatment with biological preparations Rhizoline, Mycofriend, and Rhizosave. This paper presents the results of research on the use of soybean seed treatment with biological preparations to improve the growth and development of soybean plants and increase crop productivity. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, and calculation methods were employed for this study. It was found that seed inoculation positively affects the leaf surface area in the budding phase, it increased from 5,313 cm2 in the control to 6,426 cm2 with the Rhizoline + Rhizosave + Mycofriend option, and in the phase of pod formation, respectively, from 8,704 cm2 to 1,113 cm2 . The joint use of Rhizoline + Mycofriend + Rhizosave preparations most contributed to the increase in the mass of the root with nodules (+0.95 g), the number of nodules on the plant (+32 pcs), and the mass of nodules from the plant (+0.3 g). It was found that a comparable situation occurred during the phase of bean formation. The regularity of yield growth during the years under study showed that the average increase in yield varied from 0.41 t/ha with Rhizoline + Rhizosave inoculation to 0.6 t/ha with the combined use of Rhizoline + Rhizosave and the mycorrhizal preparation Mycofriend. It was substantiated that under appropriate conditions, the intensity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation increases thanks to nodule bacteria, as well as the absorption of water and nutrients by the root system of plants due to the activity of mycorrhizal fungi, the entry of amino acids, phytohormones, and vitamins into the plant, which positively affects the growth and development of soybean plants. The materials of this paper are of practical value for farmers in the development of new plant nutrition strategies involving biological preparations in the cultivation technology","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89536185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECONOMIC AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR GROWING MAIZE HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON THE TYPE AND METHODS OF APPLYING FERTILISERS","authors":"T. Antal, R. Hovenko, V. Kalenskyi, Olena Kashtanova, S. Kalenska","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.7-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(1).2022.7-16","url":null,"abstract":"The urgency of solving the problem of the growth of maize grain production is unconditional, considering the needs of humanity, the economic, and energy efficiency of cultivation technologies, which substantially depends on the types of fertilisers and the frequency of their application. The purpose of this study was to prove the efficiency of maize grain production by perfecting the fertilisation system. Field research was conducted at the “Bohatyrivske” farm in the Romen district of the Sumy Oblast during 2019-2021 on dark grey podsolised soil. Mathematical and statistical processing was performed using the software package SAS 9.4 and “Agrostat 6”. The economic and energy evaluation of technologies was performed using the calculation method. Hybrids are flexible to growing conditions, respond positively to nutrition optimisation – yield varies from 6.07-6.16 in the control to 8.26-8.50 t/ha with carbomidoammonium nitrate 32 on the background of N22Р57К57. With the background application of N22Р57К57, the yield increased by 16.4%. Nitrogen fertilisers over the background provided an added increase in yield by 7.95-18.6%. With the introduction of carbomidoammonium nitrate 32, the yield increase was 2.19 t/ha and 2.44 t/ha or 36.1% and 38.0%, respectively, of the Concord and Asteroid hybrids. The reaction of hybrids to ammonia water and urea is lower compared to carbomidoammonium nitrate. Production costs for growing maize amounted to UAH 20.3-32.3 thous./ha. The introduction of carbomidoammonium nitrate against the background of N22Р57K57 provided a high conditionally net profit – UAH 19.2-19.9 thous./ha. The profitability of maize grain production is quite high – 44-80%. With the addition of Humilin Stimul, the yield increases by 0.23-1.71 t/ha, depending on the combination of fertilisers. With all types of fertilisers, the highest efficiency was obtained with one-time feeding on BBCH 15-17. The coefficient of energy efficiency for the application of fertilisers decreases. The results of this study are important for production and further areas of research, namely the biodiversity of soil microflora","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90213346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity of seed potatoes with local application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers","authors":"A. Bykin, T. Panchuk","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.02.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.02.037","url":null,"abstract":"Ukraine is a leader in potato production, among the top three producer countries and ranks second in the world in terms of per capita potato consumption, second only to Belarus. It produces 139 kg per year per capita, with a world average of about 33 kg/person/year. According to UCAB, in recent years the area under potatoes has increased by 2.7% to 1325 thousand hectares. However, the average yield for the last three years was 15.8 t/ha. In some advanced farms of Ukraine the yield reaches 30–40 t/ha due to the introduction of scientific developments in production. However, in general, the potential for economic productivity of potatoes in Ukraine now remains completely untapped. Potato plants are demanding to the presence of nutrients in the soil. Soil nutrients must be available for plants and in sufficient quantity. It causes by the biological characteristics of potatoes. The effectiveness of mineral fertilizers depends on the methods and quality of their application. The traditional method of fertilization involves fertilizers broadcasting on the soil surface with their tillage. As a result of uneven placement of fertilizer granules in the soil layer, the transition of nutrients into unavailable form to plants, which causes the uneven plants development and maturation of tubers. Therefore, one of the ways to improve the potatoes nutrition and reduce nutrient losses and obtain high stable crop yields is the local application of mineral fertilizers in the area of the root system location. Local application of phosphorus determines it better availability throughout the growing season, which provides accelerated growth and development of roots and shoots, as well as the formation of the optimal number of tubers. Local placement of potassium improves its availability and provides enhanced synthesis and transport of carbohydrates in plants, increases the absorption of moisture and nutrients by the roots, strengthens their resistance to disease and improves the quality of tubers. The aim of our researching was to investigate the effectiveness of the phosphorus and potassium application in different methods and phosphorus and potassium rates and to establish it impact in the productivity of seed potatoes. The research was located in the field experiment of the Department of Agrochemistry and Quality of Crop Products named by O.I. Dushechkina NULES of Ukraine on the territory of LLC \"Biotech LTD\" (Boryspil district, Kyiv region) during 2019–2020. Early-maturing variety Tiras was selected for research. The planting area was 495m2 of the accounting area was 312m2. The experiment was repeated 4 times. The placement of options was systematic. As a result of research it was established that local application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers provided such a level of yield of Tiras potatoes, which was not inferior to the variant with the fertilizers broadcasting. Yield growth in variants with local application ranged from 0.6 t/ha to 2.9 t/ha, dependin","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80161841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative characteristics of the fungus Cyclocybe Aegerita Strains 2229, 2230, 2231 under industrial cultivation conditions","authors":"I. Bandura, A. Kulyk, S. Makohon, O. Tsyz, O. Khareba, V. Khareba, Z. Kovtuniuk","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.03.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.03.085","url":null,"abstract":"The “poplar” mushroom C. aegerita has fruiting bodies that are attractive for their appearance and tasty properties. It is also known that mushrooms contain unique substances, especially proteins, polysaccharides, and aromatic terpenes with enhanced nutritional and medicinal value. However, the lack of a well-founded technology of cultivation using available agriculture wastes interferes with the domestic market saturation with this mushroom. Three strains of C. aegerita from the IBK mushroom culture collection were investigated on the possibility of introducing them into the industrial culture. The vegetation cycle of strains 2230 and 2231 was found to have a duration of 42 days versus 46-64 days for the previously studied strains. The highest yield was obtained in the study for strain 2231, which yielded from 217 to 220 grams per kilogram of the substrate during three cycles of cultivation. The biological efficiency of the strains as a result of the first fructification flush was from 20,2 (2229) to 60.4 % (2231), which is in agreement with the published data of other investigators. The external appearance was described in detail and parameters of fruiting bodies of strains were analyzed, which differed from each other both by shape and size. Microclimatic conditions for the study, strains 2230 and 2231 had brown caps, whereas the formed fruiting bodies of strain 2229 were distinguished by a pleasing milky cream color. The heaviest fruiting bodies were formed in strain 2229 (7.5±0.4 g), which was an average of 2 g higher than the weight of fungi of other strains studied. The highest fruiting bodies were found in strain 2230 at a height of 91.0±1.8 mm, which also had the widest cap with a 29.5±0.9 mm diameter. The greatest diameter of the stipe, reaching an average of 10.8±0.3 mm, was observed in fruiting bodies of strain 2229. The variability of morphological characters and the tendencies in the number of fruiting bodies of a certain size in the total volume of harvested mushrooms were investigated, which can help in the design of packing and marketing measures.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87037266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of pesticide residues by chromatographic methods for food safety","authors":"Nataliia Tereshchenko, О. Kursenko, О. Khyzhan, O. Khyzhan, Oleksandr Bobunov, Lidiia Kovshun","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.03.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.03.111","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the methodology of preparation of samples of oilseeds, lettuce, apples for research by chromatographic control of xenobiotics of the following chemical groups of pesticides: benzimidazole derivatives, anilinopyrimidine derivatives, bipyridylium derivatives. The implementation of the following processes is considered: homogenization of the sample, purification of the extract by solid-phase or liquid-liquid extraction, obtaining a plant extract, obtaining an extract of analytes. For fine-grained homogenized samples of sunflower seeds, the optimal ratio of raw material -extragent is 1:20, for pasty homogenized samples of apple fruit - 1:10, for liquid samples of homogenized lettuce - 1: 5. Analysis of the distribution of xenobiotics in the system octane/water, the dipole moment of solvents allowed to determine the extractants that are able to dissolve and remove xenobiotics from raw materials. It was found that a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (4: 1) should be used to remove benzimidazole derivatives and anilinopyrimidine derivatives, bipyridylium derivatives are best extracted with methanolic trifluoroacetic acid (9.5: 0.5). Quantitative analysis of xenobiotics content in extracts obtained from samples artificially enriched with xenobiotics was performed. The most complete xenobiotics were removed from samples of plant products containing traces of fat. The most difficult process of sample preparation is the process of obtaining sunflower seed extract. The content of xenobiotics in extracts obtained from samples artificially enriched in analytes is influenced by the temperature at which the process takes place and the duration of extraction. Based on the chemical composition of the sample matrix and the list of analytes, the conditions of the variable component of the methodology are proposed: obtaining plant extract under the action of selective solvents, homogenized raw material-solvent with constant stirring of the extraction system at 180-200 rpm, or under the action of ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 37 kHz from 4°C to 25°C for 5-25 minutes. The control of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the studied plant extracts and analyte extracts was investigated by the methods of high-performance liquid and gas chromatography (liquid and gas) with mass-selective detectors.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79440550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of parsnip varieties (Pastinaca Sativa l.) on productivity and adaptability in the conditions of the Right bank Forest steppe of Ukraine","authors":"O. Komar, V. Khareba, I. Fedosiy, O. Khareba","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.02.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.02.069","url":null,"abstract":"The commodity output of parsnip was formed in the conditions of the Right‑Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine within the limits of the sum of active temperatures 1356‑1495 °С, the amount of precipitation 171‑318 mm and relative humidity 57‑64 %. The crop yield had an invert dependence on the sum of temperature and the direct dependence on the amount of precipitation, relative humidity of air and hydrothermal coefficient. The highest yield in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine provided the Stymul and Pulse varieties with a total yield of 46,2 and 44,8 tons/hectare, and the commodity output of roots of 89 and 88 %, accordingly. It was calculated that the varieties Pulse and Stymul had the highest selective value of the genotype (SCGi = 46,2 and 44,8 accordingly) for yield, high ecological stability (Sgi = 3,43 and 1,96 accordingly) and plasticity (bi = 1,47 and 0,89 % accordingly). The highest indicator of the total adaptive capacity for plant productivity was noted in the Stymul (ZAZ = 3,12) and Pulse (ZAZ = 1,76) varieties. According to the indicator of specific adaptive ability, the Stymul variety (SAZ = 2,52) and Pulse (ZAZ = 0,78) was distinguished. According to the biochemical composition of roots, the investigated varieties did not exceed the control. However, in Boris variety the content of dry matter (25,1 %), dry soluble substance (15,8 %) and sugar (6,4 %) was at the control level. All varieties showed high levels of vitamin C – 8,9‑10,1 mg/100 g. The varieties were not susceptible to accumulation of nitrates and their content varied from 67 to 80 mg/kg and was below the maximum acceptable level (MDR 250 mg/kg). The highest tasting score of 5,6 points got the Pulse. To obtain a consistently high root crop yield at the level 44,8‑46,2 tons/hectare and marketability of roots at the level of 88‑89 % with a high content of major biochemical components in the conditions of the Right‑Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on medium-podzolic, roughly dusty, easy loamy soil with the usage of high-yielding of the varieties parsnips Pulse and Stymul.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83642907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity of triticale depending on the content of photosynthesizing pigments at anthesis","authors":"B. Mazurenko","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.02.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"Photosynthetic pigments play an important role in the accumulation of dry matter and they can be the markers of stress. Change in the ratio of chlorophyll A and B indicates physiological changes and adaptation of the organism to changes of environmental conditions. Sowing terms and application of nitrogen fertilizers are long-term factors, so the content of chlorophylls in the flag leaf indicates long-term adaptation of the photosynthetic system. Establishing a relationship between the chlorophyll content at anthesis and the accumulation of dry matter in posy-anthesis period indicates the varietal response of triticale to fertilization and sowing dates. It was conducted a three-factor field experiment. There are studied two winter and one facultative triticale cultivar, two autumn sowing terms and fertilization system with application the different rates of nitrogen fertilizers in different growth stages. It was found that the content of photosynthetic pigments in each variety varied depending on sowing term and fertilizer system in terms of mg per 1 g of dry matter for chlorophyll A, B and the amount of A+B. At the same time, the difference between the factors and their interactions was insignificant for the total chlorophyll mass per unit area (g/m2) for chlorophyll A and the amount of A+B, but it was significant for chlorophyll B by the fertilizer system factor. This indicates that the main stress signal is chlorophyll B, so the ratio of chlorophyll A and B differed significantly depending on this factor. Cla: Clb ratio in the optimal sowing period is 5.3–8.1 in cv. Pidzimok kharkivskiy, 4.8–8.3 in cv. Amur and 5.0–6.7 in cv. Obriy mironivskiy. All cultivars have a strong positive correlation between the chlorophyll content at anthesis and accumulation of dry matter at post-anthesis perion under optimal conditions, but facultative triticale Pidzimok kharkivskiy has a negative correlation with unfavorable, due to increased chlorophyll, without increasing dry matter accumulation. Further study of the relationship between chlorophyll content and the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites is promising in the study of varietal response to stress and agronomic factors.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89176584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term monitoring of aridization in agriculture before change and for climate change in Ukraine","authors":"E. Dehodyuk, S. Dehodyuk, Yulia Borko, O. Litvinova, Yu. O. Ihnatenko, A. Mulyarchuk","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.04.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.04.102","url":null,"abstract":"The results of systematic monitoring in Ukraine of drought manifestations by the method of generalization of spring, summer and autumn droughts conducted by I. Ye. Buchynsky for 1872-1969 and our meteorological generalizations by types of weather (1951-1984) and clearly expressed zonal climate changes (1985-2006) and statistical and local signs of climate aridization at the meteorological station in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe (\" Shepherds \") – 2006-2020, covering a total historical period of 150 years. According to the spatial distribution of droughts, determined by a single method, from 1982 to the late 60s of the twentieth century. Mainly in the south of Ukraine, in 2 years. The number of moderate and extensive droughts since the early twentieth century. (11-30 % of the area of distribution), characteristic of the summer period, and they are repeated in the south in 4-5 years. Catastrophic droughts (more than 50%) are characteristic of large areas for every tenth year, which, since the last quarter of the nineteenth century and to the 50s of the twentieth century. Ended in famine for the population (especially the droughts of 1891, 1921, 1947). Subsequent droughts in 1963 and 1968 were characterized by abnormal weather conditions, but without a food crisis, which was associated with the beginning of chemicalization and the increase in agricultural crops. Meteorological indicators of six stations in different climatic zones for 1951-1981 and 1985-2008 indicate a zonal systematic increase in positive air temperatures with decreasing precipitation, the deficit of which is compensated by the system of agriculture with moderate saturation of organic and mineral fertilizers, which have a stabilizing effect extreme years. From the last quarter of the twentieth century. Climate change has been identified, which is related not only to the greenhouse effect, but also to the frequency that depends on the ecliptic of the globe. Particularly noticeable climate change in recent decades, accompanied by a systematic increase in air temperature and increasing aridity of the climate, and requires humanity to new technical and technological solutions.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90217162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}