Tetiana Hnatiuk, Olha Kravchenko, Leonid Abarbarchuk, Andrii Churilov, V. Chobotar
The causative agents of soybean blotch (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea) and soybean pustular bacteriosis (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines) are common phytopathogenic bacteria. However, the lack of officially registered drugs against them stimulates the search for new solutions. The research aims to determine the effect of these micronutrient preparations obtained by electropulse ablation on bacteria during artificial infection of soybean with museum strains of pustular bacteriosis and angular spot pathogens. The antibacterial activity of the studied preparations was compared with the untreated variants and the effect of traditional chemical pesticides based on Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M. The spread and development of the disease were assessed by the number of affected plants using a scale from 0 to 4 points. It was found that varietal characteristics of soybeans affect the degree of infection by phytopathogenic bacteria. It was found that weather conditions, in particular air temperature, are a significant factor in the development of disease manifestations. It was proved that seed treatment with a chemical pesticide based on Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M in the absence of additional foliar treatment does not reduce the manifestations and degree of damage compared to the control (without treatment). Dressing and foliar treatment with a chemical pesticide based on Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M only partially reduce the manifestations of bacteriosis compared to the control variants (by about 15%). At the same time, the use of preparations obtained by electropulse ablation methods is promising against phytopathogenic bacteria in the system of soybean cultivation technology – namely, it was determined that under the condition of soybean plants treatment with experimental preparations according to the Comfort scheme (consumption – 150 ml/t of seeds) + Dobrodiy fertilizer (consumption – 2, 4 l/t of seeds) + microelement preparation “Micro Protect” (consumption of 500 ml/t of seeds) + two foliar treatments with the specified mixture of microelement preparations, the delay in the manifestation of plant damage until the time of harvesting is increased, which in turn is likely to lead to an increase in yields. The practical significance of the work is to determine effective methods of controlling phytopathogenic bacteria that harm soybeans
{"title":"Influence of drugs produced by electropulse ablation methods on the development of soybean phytopathogenic bacteria","authors":"Tetiana Hnatiuk, Olha Kravchenko, Leonid Abarbarchuk, Andrii Churilov, V. Chobotar","doi":"10.31548/plant3.2023.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant3.2023.22","url":null,"abstract":"The causative agents of soybean blotch (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea) and soybean pustular bacteriosis (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines) are common phytopathogenic bacteria. However, the lack of officially registered drugs against them stimulates the search for new solutions. The research aims to determine the effect of these micronutrient preparations obtained by electropulse ablation on bacteria during artificial infection of soybean with museum strains of pustular bacteriosis and angular spot pathogens. The antibacterial activity of the studied preparations was compared with the untreated variants and the effect of traditional chemical pesticides based on Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M. The spread and development of the disease were assessed by the number of affected plants using a scale from 0 to 4 points. It was found that varietal characteristics of soybeans affect the degree of infection by phytopathogenic bacteria. It was found that weather conditions, in particular air temperature, are a significant factor in the development of disease manifestations. It was proved that seed treatment with a chemical pesticide based on Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M in the absence of additional foliar treatment does not reduce the manifestations and degree of damage compared to the control (without treatment). Dressing and foliar treatment with a chemical pesticide based on Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M only partially reduce the manifestations of bacteriosis compared to the control variants (by about 15%). At the same time, the use of preparations obtained by electropulse ablation methods is promising against phytopathogenic bacteria in the system of soybean cultivation technology – namely, it was determined that under the condition of soybean plants treatment with experimental preparations according to the Comfort scheme (consumption – 150 ml/t of seeds) + Dobrodiy fertilizer (consumption – 2, 4 l/t of seeds) + microelement preparation “Micro Protect” (consumption of 500 ml/t of seeds) + two foliar treatments with the specified mixture of microelement preparations, the delay in the manifestation of plant damage until the time of harvesting is increased, which in turn is likely to lead to an increase in yields. The practical significance of the work is to determine effective methods of controlling phytopathogenic bacteria that harm soybeans","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139361893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Rakhmetov, O. Bondarchuk, S. Rakhmetova, Namik Rashydov, N. Kutsokon
The research relevance is determined by the need to develop modern scientific and practical principles of involving little-known, rare, and newly created plant genotypes in the introduction process. This will help to warn of a possible phytoproduct crisis caused by climate change and rapid population growth on the planet. The research aims to determine the morphological characteristics and biochemical features of Cicer arietinum seeds for improving the germplasm of legumes and conducting further breeding and biotechnological research. The comparative morphological method was used for seeds of introduced plant genotypes from different regions of origin. The material for the study was 9 genotypes of Cicer arietinum originating from Australia, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, and Ukraine, which were grown in experimental plots of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden. Morphometric parameters and some biochemical properties of plant seeds were studied depending on genotypic characteristics. Field, laboratory, and methods of analysis of variance and statistical evaluation of average data were used using Microsoft Excel (2010). In the course of the research, it was found that all introduced genotypes are characterised by high quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds. In terms of linear seed dimensions (length to width ratio), the sample CAAFGK-1 was particularly distinguished – 17.12 × 14.38 mm, and in terms of weight of 1000 seeds CATADJK-1 – 584.5 g. Biochemical studies have shown that the highest amount of absolute dry matter was accumulated in the seeds of C. arietinum samples – CAAFGD-2, CAAFGK-1, CATADJD-2 and CATADJK-1 (from 89.04 to 89.68%). The level of total sugars was dominated by the samples of C. arietinum genotypes CATADJK-1 – 9.37%, and the accumulation of phosphorus was dominated by CAAZEUR-2 – 1.43%. The biochemical composition of plants makes it possible not only to characterise their value in terms of food crops but also to determine the most plastic genotypes to environmental factors. Thus, the results obtained indicate the prospects of using certain genotypes of C. arietinum as a starting material for breeding and biotechnological research and the creation of new plant forms, which will help to expand the range of highly productive chickpea genotypes in the northern regions of Ukraine
{"title":"Biological, morphological and biochemical features of seeds of introduced genotypes of Cicer arietinum L.","authors":"D. Rakhmetov, O. Bondarchuk, S. Rakhmetova, Namik Rashydov, N. Kutsokon","doi":"10.31548/plant3.2023.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant3.2023.97","url":null,"abstract":"The research relevance is determined by the need to develop modern scientific and practical principles of involving little-known, rare, and newly created plant genotypes in the introduction process. This will help to warn of a possible phytoproduct crisis caused by climate change and rapid population growth on the planet. The research aims to determine the morphological characteristics and biochemical features of Cicer arietinum seeds for improving the germplasm of legumes and conducting further breeding and biotechnological research. The comparative morphological method was used for seeds of introduced plant genotypes from different regions of origin. The material for the study was 9 genotypes of Cicer arietinum originating from Australia, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, and Ukraine, which were grown in experimental plots of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden. Morphometric parameters and some biochemical properties of plant seeds were studied depending on genotypic characteristics. Field, laboratory, and methods of analysis of variance and statistical evaluation of average data were used using Microsoft Excel (2010). In the course of the research, it was found that all introduced genotypes are characterised by high quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds. In terms of linear seed dimensions (length to width ratio), the sample CAAFGK-1 was particularly distinguished – 17.12 × 14.38 mm, and in terms of weight of 1000 seeds CATADJK-1 – 584.5 g. Biochemical studies have shown that the highest amount of absolute dry matter was accumulated in the seeds of C. arietinum samples – CAAFGD-2, CAAFGK-1, CATADJD-2 and CATADJK-1 (from 89.04 to 89.68%). The level of total sugars was dominated by the samples of C. arietinum genotypes CATADJK-1 – 9.37%, and the accumulation of phosphorus was dominated by CAAZEUR-2 – 1.43%. The biochemical composition of plants makes it possible not only to characterise their value in terms of food crops but also to determine the most plastic genotypes to environmental factors. Thus, the results obtained indicate the prospects of using certain genotypes of C. arietinum as a starting material for breeding and biotechnological research and the creation of new plant forms, which will help to expand the range of highly productive chickpea genotypes in the northern regions of Ukraine","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139362797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the high value of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds and the versatility of using this crop, the need for it will continue to grow, which makes it necessary to improve existing and develop new technologies for its cultivation, considering local agroclimatic resources. Therefore, this study, aiming to investigate the agroecological foundations of the use of chemical and biological techniques in modern technologies for growing soybeans, is relevant. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the formation of symbiotic productivity of soybeans under the influence of bacterial and mineral fertiliser in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. A field method was laid down according to the developed scheme to achieve this goal. The positive effect of mineral fertiliser and inoculation on the formation of the symbiotic apparatus of soy and its productivity was established. The smallest increase in the number of root nodules was noted for the introduction of N45P60K60 – 24.7-27.3%, depending on the variety. Small initial doses of nitrogen were more effective – within the limits of N15–30 – they provided an increase in the number of active bulbs by 51.2-106.9%. Bacterisation of seeds with the complex bacterial preparation Phosphonitragine increased the number of active nodules on soybean roots by 106.8-138.6%, depending on the variety. The interaction of technological methods of mineral fertilisation and inoculation contributed to an increase in both the number of nodules with leghemoglobin – by 128.5-198.6%, and their mass – by 111.1-147.6%. The soy symbiotic apparatus was maximally developed by interacting seed inoculation factors with a bacterial preparation containing Br. japonicum and B. Mucilaginosus strains and applying N30P60K60 +N15 in the budding phase. This technological model of crop cultivation provided the highest productivity of legume-rhizobial symbiosis of soybean plants in terms of the volume of accumulation of symbiotically fixed nitrogen – in the early-ripening soybean variety Vilshanka – 124.2 kg/ha, in the medium-ripening variety Suziriia – 130.3 kg/ha. The practical importance of the obtained results is in the improvement of varietal technologies for growing soybeans based on the complex application of seed inoculation with a bacterial preparation and the introduction of nitrogen fertilisers in retail against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertiliser
{"title":"Symbiotic productivity of soybeans depending on inoculation and fertiliser in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe","authors":"V. Furman, Oleh Furman, I. Svystunova","doi":"10.31548/plant1.2023.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant1.2023.66","url":null,"abstract":"Given the high value of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds and the versatility of using this crop, the need for it will continue to grow, which makes it necessary to improve existing and develop new technologies for its cultivation, considering local agroclimatic resources. Therefore, this study, aiming to investigate the agroecological foundations of the use of chemical and biological techniques in modern technologies for growing soybeans, is relevant. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the formation of symbiotic productivity of soybeans under the influence of bacterial and mineral fertiliser in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. A field method was laid down according to the developed scheme to achieve this goal. The positive effect of mineral fertiliser and inoculation on the formation of the symbiotic apparatus of soy and its productivity was established. The smallest increase in the number of root nodules was noted for the introduction of N45P60K60 – 24.7-27.3%, depending on the variety. Small initial doses of nitrogen were more effective – within the limits of N15–30 – they provided an increase in the number of active bulbs by 51.2-106.9%. Bacterisation of seeds with the complex bacterial preparation Phosphonitragine increased the number of active nodules on soybean roots by 106.8-138.6%, depending on the variety. The interaction of technological methods of mineral fertilisation and inoculation contributed to an increase in both the number of nodules with leghemoglobin – by 128.5-198.6%, and their mass – by 111.1-147.6%. The soy symbiotic apparatus was maximally developed by interacting seed inoculation factors with a bacterial preparation containing Br. japonicum and B. Mucilaginosus strains and applying N30P60K60 +N15 in the budding phase. This technological model of crop cultivation provided the highest productivity of legume-rhizobial symbiosis of soybean plants in terms of the volume of accumulation of symbiotically fixed nitrogen – in the early-ripening soybean variety Vilshanka – 124.2 kg/ha, in the medium-ripening variety Suziriia – 130.3 kg/ha. The practical importance of the obtained results is in the improvement of varietal technologies for growing soybeans based on the complex application of seed inoculation with a bacterial preparation and the introduction of nitrogen fertilisers in retail against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertiliser","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87689846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relevance of examining the physico-chemical and agrochemical indicators of soils lies in the fact that these properties determine the level and quality of agricultural crops, thus affecting the food security of the country as a whole. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to establish the longterm impact of different soil tillage and fertilisation technologies on the profile distribution of physicochemical and agrochemical indicators of typical chernozem and isohumisol soils. Under conventional tillage (CTu), plant nutrients were evenly distributed within the upper layer of typical chernozem, with the highest values observed in the 10-40 cm depth range. Under soil conservation tillage, with the addition of straw at a rate of 1.2 t/ha+N12+N78P68K68, the content of available hydrolyzable nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium in the typical chernozem soil was highest in the 0-20 cm layer: 192.30±22.44 and 192.51±22 mg/kg; 63.57±5.762 and 62.07±0.312 mg/kg; 527.14±36.204 and 465.27±5.844 mg/kg for shallow (RTu) and deep (DRTu) soil conservation tillage, respectively. In total at 0-100 cm layer of typical chernozem, the highest content of plant nutrients was observed under DRTu followed by CTu. In Chinese isohumisol, a higher accumulation of NH4 + -N and NO3 -N was observed in the 0-10 cm depth range under no-till soil management, while in the 20-40 cm depth range, plowing resulted in greater accumulation of these nutrients. The total phosphorus content did not notably change with depth. Under the application of fertilisers, the content of nutrients and the reaction value of the medium increased for all tillage treatments of typical chernozem. The content of exchangeable calcium and magnesium did not change considerably on the fertilised inputs. The findings of this study indicate the feasibility of using crop residues with nitrogen compensation and cover crops, in conjunction with mineral fertilizers, to maintain the fertility level of chernozem soils under conditions of limited manure utilisation
{"title":"Physico-chemical and agrochemical indicators of typical chernozem and isohumisol under various tillage and fertiliser systems","authors":"Y. Kravchenko, Olha Bykova","doi":"10.31548/plant1.2023.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant1.2023.22","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of examining the physico-chemical and agrochemical indicators of soils lies in the fact that these properties determine the level and quality of agricultural crops, thus affecting the food security of the country as a whole. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to establish the longterm impact of different soil tillage and fertilisation technologies on the profile distribution of physicochemical and agrochemical indicators of typical chernozem and isohumisol soils. Under conventional tillage (CTu), plant nutrients were evenly distributed within the upper layer of typical chernozem, with the highest values observed in the 10-40 cm depth range. Under soil conservation tillage, with the addition of straw at a rate of 1.2 t/ha+N12+N78P68K68, the content of available hydrolyzable nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium in the typical chernozem soil was highest in the 0-20 cm layer: 192.30±22.44 and 192.51±22 mg/kg; 63.57±5.762 and 62.07±0.312 mg/kg; 527.14±36.204 and 465.27±5.844 mg/kg for shallow (RTu) and deep (DRTu) soil conservation tillage, respectively. In total at 0-100 cm layer of typical chernozem, the highest content of plant nutrients was observed under DRTu followed by CTu. In Chinese isohumisol, a higher accumulation of NH4 + -N and NO3 -N was observed in the 0-10 cm depth range under no-till soil management, while in the 20-40 cm depth range, plowing resulted in greater accumulation of these nutrients. The total phosphorus content did not notably change with depth. Under the application of fertilisers, the content of nutrients and the reaction value of the medium increased for all tillage treatments of typical chernozem. The content of exchangeable calcium and magnesium did not change considerably on the fertilised inputs. The findings of this study indicate the feasibility of using crop residues with nitrogen compensation and cover crops, in conjunction with mineral fertilizers, to maintain the fertility level of chernozem soils under conditions of limited manure utilisation","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78309545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Lipińska, Wojciech Lipiński, I. Shuvar, H. Korpita, A. Shuvar
The problem of the uncontrolled spread of alien plant species matured in the world in the second half of the 20th century, and in recent decades it has become the main threat to the biological diversity of various regions of the world. Prevention of biological Invasions is a new urgent task in the field of nature protection, which determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine and predict the distribution area of invasive plants, based on the use of the following methods: comparative morphological-ecological-geographical, route using determinants and atlases of plants of Ukraine, and the method of structural analysis. It is established that the characteristic features of invasive plant species are very high tolerance to habitat and climatic conditions, high rate of reproduction, simple and effective distribution by wind, water, animals, and rapid growth, which contributes to the displacement of slow-growing plants of other species and uncontrolled spread in the absence of natural enemies and restrictions. A particular danger to the biodiversity of Ukraine is the spread of invasive plant species: Sosnowsky’s Hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi), Canadian Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L), American maple (Acer negundo L.), Red Oak (Quercus rubra), Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.), Silver Berry (Elaeagnus angustifolia), American pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana), Ecballium (Ecballium elaterium), Common Sandbur (Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth), Wall Barley (Hordeum murinum L.), Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), etc. The results of the study are an important scientific and practical basis for developing national and regional strategies for controlling invasive plant species
{"title":"Invasive plant species and their threat to biodiversity","authors":"H. Lipińska, Wojciech Lipiński, I. Shuvar, H. Korpita, A. Shuvar","doi":"10.31548/plant1.2023.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant1.2023.51","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the uncontrolled spread of alien plant species matured in the world in the second half of the 20th century, and in recent decades it has become the main threat to the biological diversity of various regions of the world. Prevention of biological Invasions is a new urgent task in the field of nature protection, which determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine and predict the distribution area of invasive plants, based on the use of the following methods: comparative morphological-ecological-geographical, route using determinants and atlases of plants of Ukraine, and the method of structural analysis. It is established that the characteristic features of invasive plant species are very high tolerance to habitat and climatic conditions, high rate of reproduction, simple and effective distribution by wind, water, animals, and rapid growth, which contributes to the displacement of slow-growing plants of other species and uncontrolled spread in the absence of natural enemies and restrictions. A particular danger to the biodiversity of Ukraine is the spread of invasive plant species: Sosnowsky’s Hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi), Canadian Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L), American maple (Acer negundo L.), Red Oak (Quercus rubra), Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.), Silver Berry (Elaeagnus angustifolia), American pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana), Ecballium (Ecballium elaterium), Common Sandbur (Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth), Wall Barley (Hordeum murinum L.), Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), etc. The results of the study are an important scientific and practical basis for developing national and regional strategies for controlling invasive plant species","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77151776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In organic potato cultivation technologies, various biopreparations are used, which have a considerable impact on both the growth and development of crops, and on soil fertility indicators, which is especially important for sod-podzolic soils characterised by low potential fertility. The purpose of the study is to establish the changes in humus content and mineral nitrogen in sod-mediumpodzolic loam soil under the influence of biopreparations for the decomposition of white mustard as a cover crop and for the treatment of potato tubers and vegetative potato plants. In a two-factor experiment, the following factors were examined: factor 1: control without a destructor and “Ecostern” destructor at a dosage of 1.2 litres per hectare; factor 2: nine options of biopreparations application, including Agat, Regoplant, Mycohelp, Phytohelp, and Stimpо. Soil samples were collected from the 0-30 cm layer of sod-medium-podzolic sandy loam soil on water-glacial deposits. In them, the total humus content was established by the Tyurin method, and the mineral nitrogen content was calculated as the sum of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen determined potentiometrically. The application of the destructor on the green biomass of the cover crop contributed to an increase in the humus content in the 0-30 cm soil layer, where it ranged from 1.135% to 1.24%, compared to 1.025% to 1.15% in the options without the use of the bio-destructor. A reverse dependence was observed in terms of mineral nitrogen content. In the options with the use of the Ecostern destructor, the mineral nitrogen content was on average 2.09 mg/kg lower compared to the options without the application of the destructor. The highest humus content was observed in option 8, which involved the use of “Phytohelp” for treating potato tubers at a dosage of 1.0 litre per ton and three-fold treatment by “Phytohelp” at a dosage of 1.0 litre per hectare during the vegetation period. In the option without the destructor, the humus content was 1.15% and 1.24% with the application of the Ecostern bio-destructor. It slightly lagged behind option 9 with the “Phytohelp” biopreparations. The materials presented in the study may have practical value for agricultural enterprises engaged in growing organic potatoes to ensure the preservation and reproduction of organic matter in soils
{"title":"Humus and nitrogen content of sod-podzolic soil under the influence of biopreparations for potato cultivation","authors":"T. Khomenko, O. Tonkha, O. Pikovska","doi":"10.31548/plant1.2023.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant1.2023.82","url":null,"abstract":"In organic potato cultivation technologies, various biopreparations are used, which have a considerable impact on both the growth and development of crops, and on soil fertility indicators, which is especially important for sod-podzolic soils characterised by low potential fertility. The purpose of the study is to establish the changes in humus content and mineral nitrogen in sod-mediumpodzolic loam soil under the influence of biopreparations for the decomposition of white mustard as a cover crop and for the treatment of potato tubers and vegetative potato plants. In a two-factor experiment, the following factors were examined: factor 1: control without a destructor and “Ecostern” destructor at a dosage of 1.2 litres per hectare; factor 2: nine options of biopreparations application, including Agat, Regoplant, Mycohelp, Phytohelp, and Stimpо. Soil samples were collected from the 0-30 cm layer of sod-medium-podzolic sandy loam soil on water-glacial deposits. In them, the total humus content was established by the Tyurin method, and the mineral nitrogen content was calculated as the sum of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen determined potentiometrically. The application of the destructor on the green biomass of the cover crop contributed to an increase in the humus content in the 0-30 cm soil layer, where it ranged from 1.135% to 1.24%, compared to 1.025% to 1.15% in the options without the use of the bio-destructor. A reverse dependence was observed in terms of mineral nitrogen content. In the options with the use of the Ecostern destructor, the mineral nitrogen content was on average 2.09 mg/kg lower compared to the options without the application of the destructor. The highest humus content was observed in option 8, which involved the use of “Phytohelp” for treating potato tubers at a dosage of 1.0 litre per ton and three-fold treatment by “Phytohelp” at a dosage of 1.0 litre per hectare during the vegetation period. In the option without the destructor, the humus content was 1.15% and 1.24% with the application of the Ecostern bio-destructor. It slightly lagged behind option 9 with the “Phytohelp” biopreparations. The materials presented in the study may have practical value for agricultural enterprises engaged in growing organic potatoes to ensure the preservation and reproduction of organic matter in soils","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90734407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The modern agricultural complex requires the use of new methods for determining soil characteristics for adequate information support of the latest technologies, which is often impossible to provide using conventional methods. The purpose of the study is to identify the informative value of magnetometric methods in determining slope processes that regulate the use of certain measures to increase soil fertility and protect soils from erosion. The study was conducted on inclined agricultural landscapes of the Kharkiv region. This study used a KLY-2 Kappabridge (Czech Republic) and an Ohaus 403 laboratory scale to determine magnetic susceptibility. The selected soil samples, in accordance with the accepted methods, were brought to an air-dry state under normal conditions. Soil sampling was conducted from a layer of 0-20 cm. Visualisation of the study results and determination of potential soil losses (USLE model) was performed in the QGis programme. The correlation of magnetic susceptibility on simple and complex slopes was analysed. It was established that on simple slopes, the value of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil has a high value of this indicator with the content of physical clay and organic carbon. Therewith, there is a high degree of connection of this indicator with the results of mathematical modelling of erosion processes (USLE). For complex sections of slopes, the method is correct only for transeluvial landscapes, while for accumulative landscapes, the mentioned connection disappears. The correlation coefficient in the humus content – magnetic susceptibility pair also decreases. This is due to the alternation of washout–accumulation zones and exits of soil-forming rocks in runoff basins, the existence of which is not provided for by the procedure for applying the USLE model of potential soil losses. The use of soil MS data has a high potential for the localisation of soil inhomogeneities associated with the differentiation of humus content and granulometric composition
{"title":"Magnetic susceptibility of inclined soils and its relationship with some agronomic indicators","authors":"O. Kruglov, O. Menshov, L. Horoshkova, B. Kruhlov","doi":"10.31548/plant1.2023.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant1.2023.39","url":null,"abstract":"The modern agricultural complex requires the use of new methods for determining soil characteristics for adequate information support of the latest technologies, which is often impossible to provide using conventional methods. The purpose of the study is to identify the informative value of magnetometric methods in determining slope processes that regulate the use of certain measures to increase soil fertility and protect soils from erosion. The study was conducted on inclined agricultural landscapes of the Kharkiv region. This study used a KLY-2 Kappabridge (Czech Republic) and an Ohaus 403 laboratory scale to determine magnetic susceptibility. The selected soil samples, in accordance with the accepted methods, were brought to an air-dry state under normal conditions. Soil sampling was conducted from a layer of 0-20 cm. Visualisation of the study results and determination of potential soil losses (USLE model) was performed in the QGis programme. The correlation of magnetic susceptibility on simple and complex slopes was analysed. It was established that on simple slopes, the value of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil has a high value of this indicator with the content of physical clay and organic carbon. Therewith, there is a high degree of connection of this indicator with the results of mathematical modelling of erosion processes (USLE). For complex sections of slopes, the method is correct only for transeluvial landscapes, while for accumulative landscapes, the mentioned connection disappears. The correlation coefficient in the humus content – magnetic susceptibility pair also decreases. This is due to the alternation of washout–accumulation zones and exits of soil-forming rocks in runoff basins, the existence of which is not provided for by the procedure for applying the USLE model of potential soil losses. The use of soil MS data has a high potential for the localisation of soil inhomogeneities associated with the differentiation of humus content and granulometric composition","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76881165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The soil-forming process is closely related to the accumulation and circulation of organic substances, which are a source of nutrients for plants released during the mineralisation of humus, so research on determining the qualitative composition of humus is relevant. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to determine humic and fulvic acids in typical chernozem, depending on the fertiliser system. The leading approaches to solving this problem are conducting field and laboratory studies to determine the quality indicators of humus and dispersion methods to establish the accuracy and reliability of experimental data. Based on the conducted studies, it was observed that the application of an organo-mineral fertiliser system leads to an increase in the content of humic acids, while the insoluble residue shows an increase in carbon content. The utilisation of organo-mineral fertilisers resulted in a reduction in the excessive accumulation of non-humified organic substances. Additionally, the soils in these areas exhibited a higher level of organic substance humification. The combination of organic matter at a rate of 11.5 tonnes per hectare (8 tonnes of manure and 3.5 tonnes of by-products) and mineral fertilizer N27P38K45 in a crop rotation resulted in an increasing trend of the buffering capacity of typical chernozem soil. In this scenario, there was an increase in absorption capacity at the end of the second rotation for grain-legume crop rotation by 6.05 mg/equiv per 100 g, specialised grain-legume rotation by 3.9 mg/equiv per 100 g, and legume rotation by 3.06 mg/equiv per 100 g of soil compared to the beginning of the first rotation. The use of organo-mineral fertilisers increases the third fraction of fulvic acids in specialised grain-legume rotation, which affects the ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids in favour of the humic type of humus formation. The ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids in the grain-planting crop rotation in the organo-mineral system was 2.84 at the end of the second rotation, and 2.24 at the beginning of the first rotation. The research materials are of practical importance for farmers when analysing the fractional-group composition of typical chernozem humus
{"title":"Qualitative composition of humus and physical and chemical properties of typical chernozem depending on the fertiliser system","authors":"M. Voitovyk, I. Prymak, Oleksii Tsyuk, V. Melnyk","doi":"10.31548/plant1.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/plant1.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"The soil-forming process is closely related to the accumulation and circulation of organic substances, which are a source of nutrients for plants released during the mineralisation of humus, so research on determining the qualitative composition of humus is relevant. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to determine humic and fulvic acids in typical chernozem, depending on the fertiliser system. The leading approaches to solving this problem are conducting field and laboratory studies to determine the quality indicators of humus and dispersion methods to establish the accuracy and reliability of experimental data. Based on the conducted studies, it was observed that the application of an organo-mineral fertiliser system leads to an increase in the content of humic acids, while the insoluble residue shows an increase in carbon content. The utilisation of organo-mineral fertilisers resulted in a reduction in the excessive accumulation of non-humified organic substances. Additionally, the soils in these areas exhibited a higher level of organic substance humification. The combination of organic matter at a rate of 11.5 tonnes per hectare (8 tonnes of manure and 3.5 tonnes of by-products) and mineral fertilizer N27P38K45 in a crop rotation resulted in an increasing trend of the buffering capacity of typical chernozem soil. In this scenario, there was an increase in absorption capacity at the end of the second rotation for grain-legume crop rotation by 6.05 mg/equiv per 100 g, specialised grain-legume rotation by 3.9 mg/equiv per 100 g, and legume rotation by 3.06 mg/equiv per 100 g of soil compared to the beginning of the first rotation. The use of organo-mineral fertilisers increases the third fraction of fulvic acids in specialised grain-legume rotation, which affects the ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids in favour of the humic type of humus formation. The ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids in the grain-planting crop rotation in the organo-mineral system was 2.84 at the end of the second rotation, and 2.24 at the beginning of the first rotation. The research materials are of practical importance for farmers when analysing the fractional-group composition of typical chernozem humus","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73405773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.46-56
O. Prysiazhniuk, L. Storozhyk, M. Humentyk, Anatolij Sviridov, L. Svyrydova
The relevance of the study is due to the problem of choosing the optimal scale for identifying the phases of plant development in order to determine the best timing of agronomic operations for sorghum plant care. The aim of the experiment was to use a plant growth regulator with higher efficiency during the stages of crop development 21, 31, 37 (BBCH) and III, IV, VI-VII on the Kupperman scale. Field and laboratory research methods were used in the study. The experiment was conducted in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine on two sorghum varieties - Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum saccharatum, which were treated with PGR. Foliar application of PGR (0.5 l/ha) at 21 and 31 stages of BBSH provides 2.8 and 4.9% better results than at III and IV stages according to the Kuperman scale (the latter is based on a comprehensive morphophysiological analysis to identify I-VII CGS). Foliar application of PGR at microstage 21 (BBCH) contributed to faster development and increased grain yield in sorghum varieties (0.19 t/ha in Odesskyi 205 and 0.12 t/ha in Lan 59) compared to application at stage III (according to Cooperman). A similar effect of PGR application at microstage 21 (BBCH) compared to stage III (Kuperman) was recorded for two sugar sorghum hybrids: in Dovista variety, the increase in biomass yield was 1.6 t/ha, dry matter - 0.7 t/ha, and sugar content in stem juice - 0.0%, while in Gulliver variety these indicators were 1.6 t/ha, 0.7 t/ha and 0.2%, respectively. Thus, it is recommended to use the BBCH scale for the application of PPP, and foliar fertilization with PPP should be carried out at 21 and 31 days. The practical value of the work lies in the selection of the scale of growth and development of sorghum crops and the timing of foliar fertilization, which is optimal for the conditions of Ukraine. The study is useful from the practical point of view of foliar nutrition of plants in production and as a theoretical assessment of the scale of plant growth and development for students and scientists.
{"title":"Optimal time of plant growth regulator application to Sorghum canopy according to BBCH and Kuperman crop growth scales","authors":"O. Prysiazhniuk, L. Storozhyk, M. Humentyk, Anatolij Sviridov, L. Svyrydova","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.46-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.46-56","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the problem of choosing the optimal scale for identifying the phases of plant development in order to determine the best timing of agronomic operations for sorghum plant care. The aim of the experiment was to use a plant growth regulator with higher efficiency during the stages of crop development 21, 31, 37 (BBCH) and III, IV, VI-VII on the Kupperman scale. Field and laboratory research methods were used in the study. The experiment was conducted in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine on two sorghum varieties - Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum saccharatum, which were treated with PGR. Foliar application of PGR (0.5 l/ha) at 21 and 31 stages of BBSH provides 2.8 and 4.9% better results than at III and IV stages according to the Kuperman scale (the latter is based on a comprehensive morphophysiological analysis to identify I-VII CGS). Foliar application of PGR at microstage 21 (BBCH) contributed to faster development and increased grain yield in sorghum varieties (0.19 t/ha in Odesskyi 205 and 0.12 t/ha in Lan 59) compared to application at stage III (according to Cooperman). A similar effect of PGR application at microstage 21 (BBCH) compared to stage III (Kuperman) was recorded for two sugar sorghum hybrids: in Dovista variety, the increase in biomass yield was 1.6 t/ha, dry matter - 0.7 t/ha, and sugar content in stem juice - 0.0%, while in Gulliver variety these indicators were 1.6 t/ha, 0.7 t/ha and 0.2%, respectively. Thus, it is recommended to use the BBCH scale for the application of PPP, and foliar fertilization with PPP should be carried out at 21 and 31 days. The practical value of the work lies in the selection of the scale of growth and development of sorghum crops and the timing of foliar fertilization, which is optimal for the conditions of Ukraine. The study is useful from the practical point of view of foliar nutrition of plants in production and as a theoretical assessment of the scale of plant growth and development for students and scientists.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87834483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.17-26
O. Kuts, V. Kokoiko, T. Paramonova, V. Mykhailyn, Yurii Syromiatnykov
Modern approaches to optimising the nutrition of vegetable plants often have low efficiency and negatively affect various components of the agrobiocoenosis (soil, microbiota). In this regard, the purpose of the study was to determine the influence of various fertiliser systems on the yield and quality of onions in irrigated vegetable-fodder crop rotation, changes in the main agrochemical and microbiological parameters of the soil. The study was conducted in the laboratory of agrochemical research and quality of products of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of NAAS of Ukraine. Research methods: long-term stationary field experiment; laboratory determination of agrochemical and microbiological parameters of soil and biochemical composition of bulbs; statistical data processing. It is determined that a significant increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen in the arable soil layer is provided by the use of mineral fertilisers, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium – mineral and systems. The use of mineral fertilisers leads to an increase in the number of fungi in the soil rhizosphere and a decrease in the potential activity of nitrogen fixation, which worsens the microbiological activity of the soil. The application of organic fertilisers in combination with mineral fertilisers leads to an increase in the number of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and potential nitrogen-fixing activity, which improves soil fertility. The use of organo-mineral and mineral fertiliser systems leads to an increase in the yield of onions by 6.6-8.6 t/ha or 41.3-53.8%. When using biologised nutrition optimisation systems, the yield increases by 19.4-23.8%. The maximum level of onion yield is indicated for the introduction of organo-mineral fertiliser systems(63 t/ha of humus + randomly N45P45K45; 36 t/ha of humus + locally N45P45K45); causing an increase in yield by 8.2-8.6 t/ha.There is a certain pattern of a decrease in the dry matter content in bulbs and an increase in the nitrate content undervarious fertiliser systems. The research materials are of practical value for the implementation of nutrition optimisationsystems aimed at both sustainable growth in the yield of vegetable products and maintaining the level of soil fertilityof vegetable agrobiocoenoses
{"title":"Influence of the fertiliser system on the soil nutrient regime and onion productivity","authors":"O. Kuts, V. Kokoiko, T. Paramonova, V. Mykhailyn, Yurii Syromiatnykov","doi":"10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.17-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr.13(4).2022.17-26","url":null,"abstract":"Modern approaches to optimising the nutrition of vegetable plants often have low efficiency and negatively affect various components of the agrobiocoenosis (soil, microbiota). In this regard, the purpose of the study was to determine the influence of various fertiliser systems on the yield and quality of onions in irrigated vegetable-fodder crop rotation, changes in the main agrochemical and microbiological parameters of the soil. The study was conducted in the laboratory of agrochemical research and quality of products of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of NAAS of Ukraine. Research methods: long-term stationary field experiment; laboratory determination of agrochemical and microbiological parameters of soil and biochemical composition of bulbs; statistical data processing. It is determined that a significant increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen in the arable soil layer is provided by the use of mineral fertilisers, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium – mineral and systems. The use of mineral fertilisers leads to an increase in the number of fungi in the soil rhizosphere and a decrease in the potential activity of nitrogen fixation, which worsens the microbiological activity of the soil. The application of organic fertilisers in combination with mineral fertilisers leads to an increase in the number of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and potential nitrogen-fixing activity, which improves soil fertility. The use of organo-mineral and mineral fertiliser systems leads to an increase in the yield of onions by 6.6-8.6 t/ha or 41.3-53.8%. When using biologised nutrition optimisation systems, the yield increases by 19.4-23.8%. The maximum level of onion yield is indicated for the introduction of organo-mineral fertiliser systems(63 t/ha of humus + randomly N45P45K45; 36 t/ha of humus + locally N45P45K45); causing an increase in yield by 8.2-8.6 t/ha.There is a certain pattern of a decrease in the dry matter content in bulbs and an increase in the nitrate content undervarious fertiliser systems. The research materials are of practical value for the implementation of nutrition optimisationsystems aimed at both sustainable growth in the yield of vegetable products and maintaining the level of soil fertilityof vegetable agrobiocoenoses","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84230736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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