Improvement of conventional methods of potato growing is an important task of modern agriculture. Nowadays nanoparticles (NPs) gain increasing attention of scientists as promising tools for increasing productivity of crop cultures. NPs of such elements as Fe, Zn, B, Si, Cu, Co, Se and Ag can significantly increase potato productivity. Ag NPs show synergic effect with some microbial preparations. However, the influence of such elements as Zn and Se on the productivity of potato and joint application of NPs with microbial preparations for pre-sowing treatment are not studied sufficiently. The influence of Ti and I NPs on potato productivity, the influence of NPs on Ukrainian potato cultivars, the influence of NPs on the potato productivity in Polesia region conditions are not studied yet. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of pre-sowing treatment of seed potatoes with Zn nanoparticles (NPs), Ti NPs, composition of Se + I NPs, composition of Zn + Ti + Se + I NPs NPs, “Avatar-2 protection” multicomponent trace element preparation, “Azogran” microbial preparation “Azogran” and the combination of “Azogran” preparation with the composition of Se + I NPs on the productivity of potato cultivar Suvenir chernihivskyi in the Polesia region conditions. Two small plot studies were planted for three years in order to conduct the study. Each small plot study had been performed on different soil types: soddy podzolic soil and alkaline chernozem. Studies were situated on the lands of the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Production of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. It has been found that the composition of Se + I NPs, “Azogran” microbial preparation and the combination “Azogran” preparation with the composition of Se + I NPs had the most prominent influence on the potato productivity, increasing it on soddy podzolic soil by 33.13; 38.34 and 45.35 % respectively and on alkaline chernozem by 10.97; 17.98 and 37.27 % respectively. The composition of Se + I NPs and “Azogran” preparation are shown to develop synergic effect. The results of the study suggest high efficiency of the use of nanoparticles in potato growing.
马铃薯传统种植方法的改进是现代农业的一项重要任务。近年来，纳米颗粒作为一种极具潜力的提高作物生产效率的工具越来越受到科学家们的重视。Fe、Zn、B、Si、Cu、Co、Se和Ag等元素的NPs能显著提高马铃薯产量。Ag NPs与一些微生物制剂具有协同作用。然而，锌、硒等元素对马铃薯产量的影响以及播前氮磷酰胺与微生物制剂联合施用的研究尚不充分。Ti和I NPs对马铃薯产量的影响，NPs对乌克兰马铃薯品种的影响，NPs对波利西亚地区马铃薯产量的影响尚未研究。本研究旨在探讨在波利西亚地区播种前，锌纳米粒子(NPs)、钛纳米粒子(Ti NPs)、Se + I纳米粒子(NPs)、Zn + Ti + Se + I纳米粒子(NPs)、Zn + Ti + Se + I纳米粒子(NPs)、“阿瓦达-2”多组分微量元素制剂、微生物制剂“偶氮素”(Azogran)以及“偶氮素”制剂与Se + I纳米粒子(NPs)组合对马铃薯品种苏维奈尔(Suvenir chernihivskyi)产量的影响。为了进行这项研究，种植了两个小地块，为期三年。每个小块研究分别在不同的土壤类型上进行:钠灰化土和碱性黑钙土。研究地点位于乌克兰国家农业科学院农业微生物学和农用工业生产研究所的土地上。结果表明，Se + I NPs、“偶氮”微生物制剂和“偶氮”微生物制剂与Se + I NPs组合对马铃薯产量的影响最为显著，在灰化土上提高了33.13%;碱性黑钙土分别为38.34%和45.35%，碱性黑钙土为10.97%;分别为17.98%和37.27%。结果表明，Se + I NPs的组成与偶氮基团的制备具有协同效应。研究结果表明，纳米颗粒在马铃薯种植中的使用效率很高。
{"title":"The effect of nanoparticles, multicomponent trace element preperation “Avatar-2 protection”, and microbial preparation “Azogran” on the productivity potato cultivar Suvenir Chernihivskyi in Polesia region conditions","authors":"A. Vasylchenko","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.03.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"Improvement of conventional methods of potato growing is an important task of modern agriculture. Nowadays nanoparticles (NPs) gain increasing attention of scientists as promising tools for increasing productivity of crop cultures. NPs of such elements as Fe, Zn, B, Si, Cu, Co, Se and Ag can significantly increase potato productivity. Ag NPs show synergic effect with some microbial preparations. However, the influence of such elements as Zn and Se on the productivity of potato and joint application of NPs with microbial preparations for pre-sowing treatment are not studied sufficiently. The influence of Ti and I NPs on potato productivity, the influence of NPs on Ukrainian potato cultivars, the influence of NPs on the potato productivity in Polesia region conditions are not studied yet. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of pre-sowing treatment of seed potatoes with Zn nanoparticles (NPs), Ti NPs, composition of Se + I NPs, composition of Zn + Ti + Se + I NPs NPs, “Avatar-2 protection” multicomponent trace element preparation, “Azogran” microbial preparation “Azogran” and the combination of “Azogran” preparation with the composition of Se + I NPs on the productivity of potato cultivar Suvenir chernihivskyi in the Polesia region conditions. Two small plot studies were planted for three years in order to conduct the study. Each small plot study had been performed on different soil types: soddy podzolic soil and alkaline chernozem. Studies were situated on the lands of the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Production of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. It has been found that the composition of Se + I NPs, “Azogran” microbial preparation and the combination “Azogran” preparation with the composition of Se + I NPs had the most prominent influence on the potato productivity, increasing it on soddy podzolic soil by 33.13; 38.34 and 45.35 % respectively and on alkaline chernozem by 10.97; 17.98 and 37.27 % respectively. The composition of Se + I NPs and “Azogran” preparation are shown to develop synergic effect. The results of the study suggest high efficiency of the use of nanoparticles in potato growing.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89525313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of the application of fertilizers with green manure and soil treatment on the yield, economic and energy efficiency of spring barley has been studied. The aim of the work was to identify the impact of the implemented tillage systems with elements of minimization and fertilization with elements of biologization on the productivity and economic performance of spring barley. It is established that in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the aftereffect of application of high norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on typical chernozem has a positive effect on spring barley yield, increasing it, compared to control, by 0.55–1.10 t/ha per plowing, by 0, 65–1.35 t/ha for deep tillage and 0.55–1.30 t/ha for shallow tillage. It was found that the highest crop yield (3.85 t/ha) was obtained against after shallow tillage and aftereffects of fertilizer application with manure. The use of fertilizers helped to increase the protein content in the grain of spring barley. The influence of tillage systems on the protein content of barley was reliably noted only in the variant of fertilizers with straw & green manure. The use of shallow tillage with organic manure and fertilizer provides a decrease of 142.9 UAH/t of the cost of production, an increase of 886 UAH/ha of net profit and a 21.2% reduction in energy consumption compared to plowing.
{"title":"Influence of fertilization with green manure and treatment on yield, economic and energy efficiency of spring barley","authors":"K. Karabach, E. Berezhniak","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.02.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.02.060","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the application of fertilizers with green manure and soil treatment on the yield, economic and energy efficiency of spring barley has been studied. The aim of the work was to identify the impact of the implemented tillage systems with elements of minimization and fertilization with elements of biologization on the productivity and economic performance of spring barley. It is established that in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the aftereffect of application of high norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on typical chernozem has a positive effect on spring barley yield, increasing it, compared to control, by 0.55–1.10 t/ha per plowing, by 0, 65–1.35 t/ha for deep tillage and 0.55–1.30 t/ha for shallow tillage. It was found that the highest crop yield (3.85 t/ha) was obtained against after shallow tillage and aftereffects of fertilizer application with manure. The use of fertilizers helped to increase the protein content in the grain of spring barley. The influence of tillage systems on the protein content of barley was reliably noted only in the variant of fertilizers with straw & green manure. The use of shallow tillage with organic manure and fertilizer provides a decrease of 142.9 UAH/t of the cost of production, an increase of 886 UAH/ha of net profit and a 21.2% reduction in energy consumption compared to plowing.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74086517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high yield of grafted grape seedlings and their quality depend on many factors, including the quality of graft and rootstock components, which in turn is determined by proper care of the mother plantations of grape. Their farming techniques should be aimed at better growth and maturation of shoots. On mother bushes, the technological reception of shoot fragments is mandatory, partial removal of inflorescence is not so common in the agricultural techniques of mother plantings, but has a positive effect on the overall development of plants. Mother plantings should be irrigated if possible, as insufficient moisture supply negatively affects the condition of the bushes throughout the growing season and winter. In this work, the effect of partial removal of inflorescence (load of inflorescence 100, 75 and 50% of their total number) on mother bushes and the effect of different irrigation regimes (levels of pre-irrigation soil moisture 90, 80 and 70% of the lowest moisture capacity) on the condition of mother plantations, in particular on physiological, biochemical and biometric parameters of plants. It is shown that irrigation of bushes and reduction of inflorescence load to 50 and 75% of their total number stimulated the accumulation of chlorophyll in the leaves of mother plants, improved watering of leaf tissues, increased respiration during active growth and development of grapes. There is a positive effect of irrigation and reducing the load of inflorescence bushes to 50 and 75% on the biometrical parameters of mother grape bushes. The largest values of the total length of shoots and the degree of their maturation were in the bushes of variants with 90% the lowest moisture capacity, 50% inflorescence, 80% the lowest moisture capacity 50% inflorescence, 70% the lowest moisture capacity 50 and 75% inflorescence. Thus, effective irrigation regimes and reducing the load of inflorescence contributed to the growth of medium and strong full-fledged shoots, which are more productive.
{"title":"The influence of drop irrigation and loading of inflorescences on the growth and development of the mother bushes of grapes","authors":"N. Zelenyanska, O. I. Gogulinska, N. Podust","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.04.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.04.126","url":null,"abstract":"The high yield of grafted grape seedlings and their quality depend on many factors, including the quality of graft and rootstock components, which in turn is determined by proper care of the mother plantations of grape. Their farming techniques should be aimed at better growth and maturation of shoots. On mother bushes, the technological reception of shoot fragments is mandatory, partial removal of inflorescence is not so common in the agricultural techniques of mother plantings, but has a positive effect on the overall development of plants. Mother plantings should be irrigated if possible, as insufficient moisture supply negatively affects the condition of the bushes throughout the growing season and winter. In this work, the effect of partial removal of inflorescence (load of inflorescence 100, 75 and 50% of their total number) on mother bushes and the effect of different irrigation regimes (levels of pre-irrigation soil moisture 90, 80 and 70% of the lowest moisture capacity) on the condition of mother plantations, in particular on physiological, biochemical and biometric parameters of plants. It is shown that irrigation of bushes and reduction of inflorescence load to 50 and 75% of their total number stimulated the accumulation of chlorophyll in the leaves of mother plants, improved watering of leaf tissues, increased respiration during active growth and development of grapes. There is a positive effect of irrigation and reducing the load of inflorescence bushes to 50 and 75% on the biometrical parameters of mother grape bushes. The largest values of the total length of shoots and the degree of their maturation were in the bushes of variants with 90% the lowest moisture capacity, 50% inflorescence, 80% the lowest moisture capacity 50% inflorescence, 70% the lowest moisture capacity 50 and 75% inflorescence. Thus, effective irrigation regimes and reducing the load of inflorescence contributed to the growth of medium and strong full-fledged shoots, which are more productive.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84607222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Svystunova, L. Burko, S. Poltoretskyi, T. I. Prorochenko, V. Pravednyi
One of the ways to reduce protein deficiency and produce complete feed is to grow alfalfa-cereal mixtures, which due to the optimal ratio of protein and carbohydrates, mineral salts and other valuable biologically active substances most fully meet the physiological needs of animals. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mineral fertilizers on the nutritional value of alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures. Experimental studies were conducted during 2014-2016 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, which is located in the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. According to the results of research, it was found that the inclusion of alfalfa in cereals increased the content of crude protein to a greater extent than the introduction of nitrogen in the dose N60 on the same cereal herbage at the same background P60K90. There are no natural differences in the accumulation of crude protein between alfalfa-cereal herbages with the participation of different cereal components on the same background. According to the results of research, the introduction of alfalfa into cereal herbage promotes the growth of protein and crude fat content in the feed and reduces the content of nitrogen-free extractive. Nitrogen fertilizers have the greatest effect on the chemical composition of grass feed on cereal grasslands - the application of N60 on the background of P60K90 in the dry weight of feed increases by 2.8% crude protein content and 26 g of feed unit digestible protein. Digestibility of dry matter of fodder of alfalfa and legume-cereal herbages, relative to pure cereal crops, increased by 2-5%. The composition of cereal components in legume-cereal mixtures and the fertilizer system did not significantly affect the digestibility of feed.
{"title":"Effect of fertilizer on nutritional value of feed alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest Steppe","authors":"I. Svystunova, L. Burko, S. Poltoretskyi, T. I. Prorochenko, V. Pravednyi","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.03.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"One of the ways to reduce protein deficiency and produce complete feed is to grow alfalfa-cereal mixtures, which due to the optimal ratio of protein and carbohydrates, mineral salts and other valuable biologically active substances most fully meet the physiological needs of animals. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mineral fertilizers on the nutritional value of alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures. Experimental studies were conducted during 2014-2016 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, which is located in the NULES of Ukraine \"Agronomic Research Station\" on typical low-humus chernozem. According to the results of research, it was found that the inclusion of alfalfa in cereals increased the content of crude protein to a greater extent than the introduction of nitrogen in the dose N60 on the same cereal herbage at the same background P60K90. There are no natural differences in the accumulation of crude protein between alfalfa-cereal herbages with the participation of different cereal components on the same background. According to the results of research, the introduction of alfalfa into cereal herbage promotes the growth of protein and crude fat content in the feed and reduces the content of nitrogen-free extractive. Nitrogen fertilizers have the greatest effect on the chemical composition of grass feed on cereal grasslands - the application of N60 on the background of P60K90 in the dry weight of feed increases by 2.8% crude protein content and 26 g of feed unit digestible protein. Digestibility of dry matter of fodder of alfalfa and legume-cereal herbages, relative to pure cereal crops, increased by 2-5%. The composition of cereal components in legume-cereal mixtures and the fertilizer system did not significantly affect the digestibility of feed.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88201406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Mazurenko, S. Kalenska, L. Honchar, M. Hrygirevskiy
Optimization of plant nutrition in the initial stages of the development is important for the formation of productive elements of the main and additional spikes and grain yield. The article presents the results of the studying of the effect of slow-release chlorine-free fertilizers in seed dressing application at the rate of 100 kg/ha on the formation of productive elements in winter wheat compared with the zone control (nitroammophoska) and a variant without fertilizers. Field research was conducted in 2019–2021 on winter bread wheat cultivars Bohdana and Samurai. The fertilizers produced by FertinAgro were studied: DuraSOP with the content of NPK(S) – 9:20:12:(15), 10:10:17:(20), and 4:26:12:(10). It is established that the influence of weather conditions on the variability of grain weight per spike, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight significantly exceeded the studied factors in both cultivars. The formation of productivity elements under the impact of the studied fertilizers depended on the cultivars and manifested themselves in different ways in different weather conditions. DuraSOP fertilizers did not have a significant difference in the effect on grain number and weight per spike in cv. Bohdana compared to the control in arid conditions, but grain weight from spike increased to 1.74–1.78 g compared to the application of nitroammophoska, and grain number per spike varied insignificantly under favorable conditions. Application of DuraSOP fertilizers in cv. Samurai allowed to form 1.17–1.21 g of grain in spike under the arid conditions and 1.47–1.49 g – in the favorable conditions, which did not differ significantly from the control. The DuraSOP ActiBION increased the number of productive shoots by 8.4% and DuraSOP Phos – by 7.7% in cv. Bohdana, while only DuraSOP Phos significantly affected the productive shoots in cv. Samurai (an increase of 3.8%). Application of slow-release fertilizers allows obtaining grain yield of 6.58 to 7.03 t/ha in cv. Bohdana and 6.61–6.80 t/ha in cv. Samurai. Fertilizers have higher efficiency in cv. Bohdana, while there was a significant increase in cv. Samurai only when DuraSOP Phos was applied (0.31 t/ha or 4.8%). The application of slow-release fertilizers also increases the protein content in the grain by 0.3-0.5%. Sensitivity of cultivars to different ratios of macronutrients in pre-sowing fertilizers is one of the elements of technology that have a high impact on wheat cultivation, so the use of effective forms can increase yields up to 11.4% compared with typical fertilizers.
{"title":"Formation the elements of productivity of winter wheat by seed dressing application the slow-acting complex fertilizers","authors":"B. Mazurenko, S. Kalenska, L. Honchar, M. Hrygirevskiy","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization of plant nutrition in the initial stages of the development is important for the formation of productive elements of the main and additional spikes and grain yield. The article presents the results of the studying of the effect of slow-release chlorine-free fertilizers in seed dressing application at the rate of 100 kg/ha on the formation of productive elements in winter wheat compared with the zone control (nitroammophoska) and a variant without fertilizers. Field research was conducted in 2019–2021 on winter bread wheat cultivars Bohdana and Samurai. The fertilizers produced by FertinAgro were studied: DuraSOP with the content of NPK(S) – 9:20:12:(15), 10:10:17:(20), and 4:26:12:(10). It is established that the influence of weather conditions on the variability of grain weight per spike, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight significantly exceeded the studied factors in both cultivars. The formation of productivity elements under the impact of the studied fertilizers depended on the cultivars and manifested themselves in different ways in different weather conditions. DuraSOP fertilizers did not have a significant difference in the effect on grain number and weight per spike in cv. Bohdana compared to the control in arid conditions, but grain weight from spike increased to 1.74–1.78 g compared to the application of nitroammophoska, and grain number per spike varied insignificantly under favorable conditions. Application of DuraSOP fertilizers in cv. Samurai allowed to form 1.17–1.21 g of grain in spike under the arid conditions and 1.47–1.49 g – in the favorable conditions, which did not differ significantly from the control. The DuraSOP ActiBION increased the number of productive shoots by 8.4% and DuraSOP Phos – by 7.7% in cv. Bohdana, while only DuraSOP Phos significantly affected the productive shoots in cv. Samurai (an increase of 3.8%). Application of slow-release fertilizers allows obtaining grain yield of 6.58 to 7.03 t/ha in cv. Bohdana and 6.61–6.80 t/ha in cv. Samurai. Fertilizers have higher efficiency in cv. Bohdana, while there was a significant increase in cv. Samurai only when DuraSOP Phos was applied (0.31 t/ha or 4.8%). The application of slow-release fertilizers also increases the protein content in the grain by 0.3-0.5%. Sensitivity of cultivars to different ratios of macronutrients in pre-sowing fertilizers is one of the elements of technology that have a high impact on wheat cultivation, so the use of effective forms can increase yields up to 11.4% compared with typical fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82247140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Winter barley is a valuable food, fodder, and technical crop. Our research is aimed at obtaining economically and energy-efficient, adequate to the bioresource potential of winter barley grain yield, depending on the preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine. Research and balance calculations available soil moisture showed that the conditions of Transcarpathia it is negative and ranges from 250 to 1210 tons / ha or 25-121 mm. Accumulation and efficient use of available moisture in the soil depends on the amount of precipitation and their frequency of precipitation, crop rotation (preceding crops), tillage system, fertilization, and weediness of fields. The largest reserves of available moisture in the soil during the sowing of winter barley were after winter rape and buckwheat, the smallest – after sunflower and, especially, corn for grain. During the autumn-winter period, the reserves of available moisture in a meter layer of soil were replenished by 21-35%, but the influence of preceding crops remained. The critical period of winter barley in terms of moisture occurs during earing - grain filling. Preceding crops of early harvesting (winter oilseed rape and buckwheat) have a positive effect on the accumulation and retention of moisture in the soil. Late harvest preceding crops (maize for grain and sunflower) reduce the available moisture content and reserves by up to 18% compared to early harvest crops. On average over three years, the highest yield of winter barley was after buckwheat and amounted to 5.9 t / ha, the lowest - after corn for grain and was at 4.9 t / ha, which is 0.8 t / ha lower than the control variant.
{"title":"Productivity of winter barley depending on preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine","authors":"S. Tanchyk, N. Babilia, A. Babenko","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.02.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"Winter barley is a valuable food, fodder, and technical crop. Our research is aimed at obtaining economically and energy-efficient, adequate to the bioresource potential of winter barley grain yield, depending on the preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine. Research and balance calculations available soil moisture showed that the conditions of Transcarpathia it is negative and ranges from 250 to 1210 tons / ha or 25-121 mm. Accumulation and efficient use of available moisture in the soil depends on the amount of precipitation and their frequency of precipitation, crop rotation (preceding crops), tillage system, fertilization, and weediness of fields. The largest reserves of available moisture in the soil during the sowing of winter barley were after winter rape and buckwheat, the smallest – after sunflower and, especially, corn for grain. During the autumn-winter period, the reserves of available moisture in a meter layer of soil were replenished by 21-35%, but the influence of preceding crops remained. The critical period of winter barley in terms of moisture occurs during earing - grain filling. Preceding crops of early harvesting (winter oilseed rape and buckwheat) have a positive effect on the accumulation and retention of moisture in the soil. Late harvest preceding crops (maize for grain and sunflower) reduce the available moisture content and reserves by up to 18% compared to early harvest crops. On average over three years, the highest yield of winter barley was after buckwheat and amounted to 5.9 t / ha, the lowest - after corn for grain and was at 4.9 t / ha, which is 0.8 t / ha lower than the control variant.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90432282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soybeans are a strategic legume for global agriculture and play an important role in ensuring the food security of many countries. At the same time, biotic factors, in particular pathogens, prevent high and high-quality crop yields. Their control is carried out using various methods and techniques. However, with an excessive increase in the use of chemical pesticides, the ecological situation in agrocenoses becomes more complicated. Therefore, it is important to reduce the pesticide load in crop production technologies. The aim of the research is to evaluate the influence of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria and substances of stimulating nature on the productivity of soybean plants and seed damage by pathogens. The experiments were performed in the conditions of the Ukrainian Plant Quarantine Research Station of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS. The soil of the experimental plot is gray forest podzolic heavy loam. Xenia soybean variety was used for research. Field research was performed according to generally accepted methods. Soybean crops were sprayed during the growing season in the following periods: true trifoliate leaf, flowering and bean formation. For the treatment of soybean plants used a preparation based on bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens with a titer of 3 x 109 CFU/cm3 with a rate of 5.0 l/ha when used in combination with substances with stimulant action. Over the years of research, the amount of precipitation (in some months of the growing season of soybean plants) was higher than the average monthly long-term norm. Pre-harvest desiccation of crops was not performed. Phytopathological examination of seeds obtained from soybean plants under different treatments was carried out according to DSTU 4138-2002. Studies have shown a positive effect of the drug based on P. fluorescens and substances of a stimulating nature on the biometric parameters of soybean plants and their productivity. In particular, the weight of 1000 seeds in the variants with spraying of plants increased in the range from 16 to 66 g. There was also a decrease in infection of soybean seeds with pathogens of fusarium wilt, Alternaria and penicillosis - fungi Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, Alternaria spp. and Penicillium expansum Link. The study of immunoprotective and stimulating effects of combinations of biocomplexes is promising for the development of environmentally friendly measures to increase soybean yield and reduce seed damage by pathogens.
{"title":"The influence of Pseudomonas Fluorescens Bacteria and substances of stimulating nature on the productivity of the soybean plant and the damage of seeds by pathogens","authors":"M. Solomiychuk, M. Pikovskyi","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.04.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"Soybeans are a strategic legume for global agriculture and play an important role in ensuring the food security of many countries. At the same time, biotic factors, in particular pathogens, prevent high and high-quality crop yields. Their control is carried out using various methods and techniques. However, with an excessive increase in the use of chemical pesticides, the ecological situation in agrocenoses becomes more complicated. Therefore, it is important to reduce the pesticide load in crop production technologies. The aim of the research is to evaluate the influence of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria and substances of stimulating nature on the productivity of soybean plants and seed damage by pathogens. The experiments were performed in the conditions of the Ukrainian Plant Quarantine Research Station of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS. The soil of the experimental plot is gray forest podzolic heavy loam. Xenia soybean variety was used for research. Field research was performed according to generally accepted methods. Soybean crops were sprayed during the growing season in the following periods: true trifoliate leaf, flowering and bean formation. For the treatment of soybean plants used a preparation based on bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens with a titer of 3 x 109 CFU/cm3 with a rate of 5.0 l/ha when used in combination with substances with stimulant action. Over the years of research, the amount of precipitation (in some months of the growing season of soybean plants) was higher than the average monthly long-term norm. Pre-harvest desiccation of crops was not performed. Phytopathological examination of seeds obtained from soybean plants under different treatments was carried out according to DSTU 4138-2002. Studies have shown a positive effect of the drug based on P. fluorescens and substances of a stimulating nature on the biometric parameters of soybean plants and their productivity. In particular, the weight of 1000 seeds in the variants with spraying of plants increased in the range from 16 to 66 g. There was also a decrease in infection of soybean seeds with pathogens of fusarium wilt, Alternaria and penicillosis - fungi Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, Alternaria spp. and Penicillium expansum Link. The study of immunoprotective and stimulating effects of combinations of biocomplexes is promising for the development of environmentally friendly measures to increase soybean yield and reduce seed damage by pathogens.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90865462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In agroecosystems, microorganisms are the main factor in the soil formation process, plant nutrition and phytosanitary condition of the soil. Therefore, all measures aimed at restoring soil fertility and increasing productivity, environmental safety of agricultural production are closely linked to the activities of microorganisms. Increased local activity, biomass and diversity of microbiota are one of the most important characteristics that distinguish the rhizosphere from the total soil volume. The aim of the research was to study the number and composition of the microbial complex of the rhizosphere of cereals (winter wheat of different varieties of domestic selection) in the process of ontogenesis. To conduct a set of microbiological studies, soil samples were taken and prepared (typical chernozem) in compliance with the standard requirements for sample preparation and storage of samples in the laboratory. The analysis of rhizosphere soil samples was performed according to the variants of different varieties of winter wheat of domestic selection. The number of soil microorganisms was determined by the method of inoculation of suspensions on nutrient media according to generally accepted methods in microbiology. Determination of the total microbial biomass in the soil was carried out by the rehydration method, and the intensity of "respiration" of the soil, respectively, by the release of CO2 and O2 absorption by the manometric method (Warburg apparatus). It is established that varietal specificity is significantly related to the peculiarities of microbiome formation in different phases of plant growth and development, which is an integral indicator of functional and metabolic activity of soil microorganisms. The number and composition of the microbial complex of winter wheat rhizosphere in the process of ontogenesis changes significantly, especially in the ratio of the number of spore-forming and non-spore forms of microorganisms under the same conditions of crop cultivation. The total pool of saprotrophic microorganisms of the rhizosphere demonstrates the variability of biomass and changes in favor of ecoplastic Bacillus. An increase in the number of spore-forming bacteria to 4.2 x 107 CFU/g in the variants of growing certain varieties was found. It is shown that in the cultivation of different varieties of winter wheat there are stable indicators of the intensity of CO2 emissions - from 5.2 to 7.0. A similar trend can be traced to the absorption of O2 (not more than 5.3-6.8).
在农业生态系统中，微生物是影响土壤形成过程、植物营养和植物卫生状况的主要因素。因此，所有旨在恢复土壤肥力和提高生产力、农业生产环境安全的措施都与微生物的活动密切相关。微生物群的局部活性、生物量和多样性的增加是区分根际与土壤总量的最重要特征之一。本研究旨在研究谷物(国产不同品种冬小麦)在个体发生过程中根际微生物复合体的数量和组成。为了进行一组微生物研究，根据样品制备和实验室样品储存的标准要求，采集并制备了土壤样品(典型黑钙土)。根据国内选育的不同冬小麦品种的变异进行根际土壤样品分析。根据微生物学中普遍采用的方法，采用在营养培养基上接种悬浮液的方法测定土壤微生物的数量。土壤中微生物总量的测定采用复水化法，土壤“呼吸”强度的测定采用压力法(Warburg仪)，分别采用CO2释放法和O2吸收量法。研究表明，品种特异性与植物生长发育不同阶段微生物组形成的特殊性密切相关，是反映土壤微生物功能和代谢活性的重要指标。冬小麦根际微生物复合体的数量和组成在个体发生过程中发生了显著的变化，特别是在相同的作物栽培条件下，形成孢子的微生物和非孢子形式的微生物的数量之比发生了显著的变化。根际腐养微生物的总库表现出生物量的变异性和有利于生态塑性芽孢杆菌的变化。发现在种植某些品种的变体中，孢子形成细菌的数量增加到4.2 x 107 CFU/g。结果表明，在不同冬小麦品种的栽培中，CO2排放强度指标稳定在5.2 ~ 7.0之间。类似的趋势可以追溯到氧气的吸收(不超过5.3-6.8)。
{"title":"Peculiarities of change in number and composition of winter wheat rhizosphere microbiome in the process of ontogenesis","authors":"A. Honchar, O. Tonkha, N. Patyka, O. S. Makarchuk","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.03.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.03.056","url":null,"abstract":"In agroecosystems, microorganisms are the main factor in the soil formation process, plant nutrition and phytosanitary condition of the soil. Therefore, all measures aimed at restoring soil fertility and increasing productivity, environmental safety of agricultural production are closely linked to the activities of microorganisms. Increased local activity, biomass and diversity of microbiota are one of the most important characteristics that distinguish the rhizosphere from the total soil volume. The aim of the research was to study the number and composition of the microbial complex of the rhizosphere of cereals (winter wheat of different varieties of domestic selection) in the process of ontogenesis. To conduct a set of microbiological studies, soil samples were taken and prepared (typical chernozem) in compliance with the standard requirements for sample preparation and storage of samples in the laboratory. The analysis of rhizosphere soil samples was performed according to the variants of different varieties of winter wheat of domestic selection. The number of soil microorganisms was determined by the method of inoculation of suspensions on nutrient media according to generally accepted methods in microbiology. Determination of the total microbial biomass in the soil was carried out by the rehydration method, and the intensity of \"respiration\" of the soil, respectively, by the release of CO2 and O2 absorption by the manometric method (Warburg apparatus). It is established that varietal specificity is significantly related to the peculiarities of microbiome formation in different phases of plant growth and development, which is an integral indicator of functional and metabolic activity of soil microorganisms. The number and composition of the microbial complex of winter wheat rhizosphere in the process of ontogenesis changes significantly, especially in the ratio of the number of spore-forming and non-spore forms of microorganisms under the same conditions of crop cultivation. The total pool of saprotrophic microorganisms of the rhizosphere demonstrates the variability of biomass and changes in favor of ecoplastic Bacillus. An increase in the number of spore-forming bacteria to 4.2 x 107 CFU/g in the variants of growing certain varieties was found. It is shown that in the cultivation of different varieties of winter wheat there are stable indicators of the intensity of CO2 emissions - from 5.2 to 7.0. A similar trend can be traced to the absorption of O2 (not more than 5.3-6.8).","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76006616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bulygin, S. Vitvitskyy, M. E. Bulygina, O. I. Vitvitska
Studies of the influence of different technologies of ordinary chernozem cultivation on the reserves of productive moisture for growing corn for grain and winter wheat in the steppe zone of Ukraine The parameters of productive moisture at the technology of growing field crops with "zero tillage" of the soil ("No-till") relative to the shelf plowing are determined. Inserted. That the system "No-till" contributes to a significant reduction in moisture loss due to unproductive evaporation at a high rate of absorption of precipitation, provides reliable protection of soil from erosion. When covering the soil surface close to 100% in summer under corn, the reserves of productive moisture in the root layer are 1.5 and more times higher than the corresponding reserves with traditional technology; in the absence of mulch, the humidification regime with the technology without tillage is more intense than traditional. The regime of soil moisture under winter wheat for corn for silage is better by "zero" technology, but no significant difference between the options for an average of 3 years. In the snowless winter with "zero" technology with mulch, the height of snow cover was 3.2 times higher than traditional technology. It was found that a prerequisite for growing crops without tillage in the area of insufficient moisture is the creation of a thick layer of mulch due to the non-commodity share of crop yields, which in crushed form remains on the soil surface. Projective mulch coverage of 100% or close to this level is the key to the widespread introduction of cultivation technologies without tillage in arid steppe conditions.
{"title":"Hydrogen mode of black earth normal in tekhnology \"No-till\"","authors":"S. Bulygin, S. Vitvitskyy, M. E. Bulygina, O. I. Vitvitska","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.04.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.04.091","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the influence of different technologies of ordinary chernozem cultivation on the reserves of productive moisture for growing corn for grain and winter wheat in the steppe zone of Ukraine The parameters of productive moisture at the technology of growing field crops with \"zero tillage\" of the soil (\"No-till\") relative to the shelf plowing are determined. Inserted. That the system \"No-till\" contributes to a significant reduction in moisture loss due to unproductive evaporation at a high rate of absorption of precipitation, provides reliable protection of soil from erosion. When covering the soil surface close to 100% in summer under corn, the reserves of productive moisture in the root layer are 1.5 and more times higher than the corresponding reserves with traditional technology; in the absence of mulch, the humidification regime with the technology without tillage is more intense than traditional. The regime of soil moisture under winter wheat for corn for silage is better by \"zero\" technology, but no significant difference between the options for an average of 3 years. In the snowless winter with \"zero\" technology with mulch, the height of snow cover was 3.2 times higher than traditional technology. It was found that a prerequisite for growing crops without tillage in the area of insufficient moisture is the creation of a thick layer of mulch due to the non-commodity share of crop yields, which in crushed form remains on the soil surface. Projective mulch coverage of 100% or close to this level is the key to the widespread introduction of cultivation technologies without tillage in arid steppe conditions.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82469126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Topko, H. Kovalyshyna, G. Vologdina, O. V. Gymenyk
Development of new and introduction of existing methods of field estimation of genotypes of winter wheat is one of the key tasks of modern selection. The use of modern screening methods in breeding allows the breeder to obtain a more objective assessment, as well as to increase the volume of the studied samples. The time of restoration of spring vegetation (TRSV) is one of the most important stages of the vegetation period of winter wheat. Biometric and spectral evaluation of winter wheat with the onset of TRSV makes it possible to establish how plants of a certain genotype overwintered, as well as the state of their growth and development before the second growing season. The aim of the study was to establish the peculiarities of growth and development of plants of modern varieties and promising selection lines of winter wheat of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat from sowing to the restoration of spring vegetation. Hydrothermal conditions of the period of germination-TRSV differently affected the reproductive process of the studied genotypes of winter wheat. According to research, abnormally arid conditions from sowing to the end of autumn vegetation in 2019 had a negative impact on the condition of winter wheat plants, which were in phase 10-13 according to the international classification of BBCH, autumn tillering did not occur. Regardless of the genotype, the plants of the first sowing period were more developed. At the time of resumption of spring vegetation in terms of biometric and spectral indicators better than the standard Podolyanka (NDVI = 0.52) were: varieties MIP Dnipryanka (NDVI = 0.58), MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.56), Balada Myronivska (NDVI = 0.56) and lines Lutescens 37519 (NDVI = 0.55) and Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.58). During the second sowing period, the MIP Dnipryanka variety (NDVI = 0.45) and the selection lines Lutescens 37519 (NDVI = 0.44) and Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.43) were isolated. The Podolyanka standard variety had an NDVI index value of 0.43. Varieties MIP Lada and Balada Myronivska are more sensitive to sowing dates and require a longer period of autumn vegetation to accumulate more dry matter and better winter dormancy.
{"title":"Spectral evaluation of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines during the restoration of spring vegetation","authors":"R. Topko, H. Kovalyshyna, G. Vologdina, O. V. Gymenyk","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.04.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.04.068","url":null,"abstract":"Development of new and introduction of existing methods of field estimation of genotypes of winter wheat is one of the key tasks of modern selection. The use of modern screening methods in breeding allows the breeder to obtain a more objective assessment, as well as to increase the volume of the studied samples. The time of restoration of spring vegetation (TRSV) is one of the most important stages of the vegetation period of winter wheat. Biometric and spectral evaluation of winter wheat with the onset of TRSV makes it possible to establish how plants of a certain genotype overwintered, as well as the state of their growth and development before the second growing season. The aim of the study was to establish the peculiarities of growth and development of plants of modern varieties and promising selection lines of winter wheat of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat from sowing to the restoration of spring vegetation. Hydrothermal conditions of the period of germination-TRSV differently affected the reproductive process of the studied genotypes of winter wheat. According to research, abnormally arid conditions from sowing to the end of autumn vegetation in 2019 had a negative impact on the condition of winter wheat plants, which were in phase 10-13 according to the international classification of BBCH, autumn tillering did not occur. Regardless of the genotype, the plants of the first sowing period were more developed. At the time of resumption of spring vegetation in terms of biometric and spectral indicators better than the standard Podolyanka (NDVI = 0.52) were: varieties MIP Dnipryanka (NDVI = 0.58), MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.56), Balada Myronivska (NDVI = 0.56) and lines Lutescens 37519 (NDVI = 0.55) and Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.58). During the second sowing period, the MIP Dnipryanka variety (NDVI = 0.45) and the selection lines Lutescens 37519 (NDVI = 0.44) and Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.43) were isolated. The Podolyanka standard variety had an NDVI index value of 0.43. Varieties MIP Lada and Balada Myronivska are more sensitive to sowing dates and require a longer period of autumn vegetation to accumulate more dry matter and better winter dormancy.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85282905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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