Rice production consumes more freshwater than any other crop. Rice evapotranspiration (ET) response to extreme droughts due to ongoing climate change is becoming critical in agricultural water management and national food security. Here, we aim to evaluate the impact of droughts in the subtropical zone during 2009–2011 on rainfed rice ET and to explore the underlying influencing mechanisms of dryness stress on it.
Methods
We detected the impact of drought events on rainfed rice ET using a modified Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land model. Additionally, we applied both multiple linear regression model and extreme gradient boosting models—Shapley additive explanations framework to fully investigate the sensitivity of rainfed rice ET to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil moisture (SM).
Results
Compared to normal conditions, the rainfed rice ET exhibited a 24.7% reduction after the “2009/2010 drought”, whereas it increased by 4.3% and 15% before and during the “2011 drought”. Both linear and non-linear regression model results revealed that rainfed rice ET is more sensitive to variations in VPD rather than SM, but the dominant control of VPD appears to be released and the limiting effect of SM strengthened with the intensification of droughts.
Conclusion
The rainfed rice ET is highly susceptible to water stress and can rapidly respond to changing hydroclimatic conditions even during non-drought periods. Our results highlight the susceptibility of rainfed rice ET to dryness stress and the important role of VPD and SM in analyses of drought-related impacts.
背景和用途水稻生产比其他任何作物消耗更多的淡水。水稻蒸散量（ET）对当前气候变化导致的极端干旱的响应正成为农业用水管理和国家粮食安全的关键。在此，我们旨在评估 2009-2011 年亚热带地区干旱对雨养水稻蒸散发的影响，并探讨干旱胁迫对其影响的内在机制。结果与正常情况相比，"2009/2010 年干旱 "后雨养水稻蒸散发减少了 24.7%，而在 "2011 年干旱 "之前和期间则分别增加了 4.3% 和 15%。线性和非线性回归模型结果表明，雨养水稻蒸散发对 VPD 的变化比 SM 更敏感，但 VPD 的主要控制因素似乎是释放，而 SM 的限制作用随着干旱的加剧而增强。我们的研究结果突显了雨养水稻蒸腾作用对干旱胁迫的易感性，以及VPD和SM在分析干旱相关影响中的重要作用。
{"title":"Released control of vapor pressure deficit on rainfed rice evapotranspiration responses to extreme droughts in the subtropical zone","authors":"Qiulan He, Dongrui Di, Ruowen Yang, Wenping Yuan, Junlan Xiao, Yuxia Yao, Qiuwen Chen, Weiyu Shi","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06998-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06998-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Amis</h3><p>Rice production consumes more freshwater than any other crop. Rice evapotranspiration (ET) response to extreme droughts due to ongoing climate change is becoming critical in agricultural water management and national food security. Here, we aim to evaluate the impact of droughts in the subtropical zone during 2009–2011 on rainfed rice ET and to explore the underlying influencing mechanisms of dryness stress on it.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We detected the impact of drought events on rainfed rice ET using a modified Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land model. Additionally, we applied both multiple linear regression model and extreme gradient boosting models—Shapley additive explanations framework to fully investigate the sensitivity of rainfed rice ET to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil moisture (SM).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Compared to normal conditions, the rainfed rice ET exhibited a 24.7% reduction after the “2009/2010 drought”, whereas it increased by 4.3% and 15% before and during the “2011 drought”. Both linear and non-linear regression model results revealed that rainfed rice ET is more sensitive to variations in VPD rather than SM, but the dominant control of VPD appears to be released and the limiting effect of SM strengthened with the intensification of droughts.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The rainfed rice ET is highly susceptible to water stress and can rapidly respond to changing hydroclimatic conditions even during non-drought periods. Our results highlight the susceptibility of rainfed rice ET to dryness stress and the important role of VPD and SM in analyses of drought-related impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06980-5
Yinli Bi, Shuhui Wang, Yaning Song, Hai Tan, Peter Christie
Background
Inoculation with dark septate endophytes (DSE) has emerged as a highly effective practical approach for facilitating ecological restoration and promoting vegetation reconstruction. However, the emphasis on the utilization of microbial-based preparations has resulted in a significant neglect of metabolites generated by DSE.
Methods
In soils with varying phosphorus (P) concentrations (0, 20, 200 mg kg−1 KH2PO4), we supplemented DSE extracellular metabolites and conducted non-targeted metabolomics analysis of leaves, stems, roots, rhizosphere soils, as well as diversity analysis of root-associated bacterial communities.
Results
DSE extracellular metabolites significantly enhanced the biomass of alfalfa under low and medium P concentrations. The leaf, stem, root tissue, and rhizosphere soil contained a total of 572, 264, 329, and 63 different identified metabolites respectively. The differential metabolic pathways mainly focus on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. There were significant differences in the metabolic functions of root-associated bacterial communities in different treatments. The abundance of Sphingomonas and Rhizobiales in the root-associated bacterial communities increased after the addition of DSE extracellular metabolites, which enhanced the phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism.
Conclusion
The regulation of alfalfa metabolism by DSE extracellular metabolites occurs through two crucial mechanisms: signal regulation within the plant and the facilitation of positive interactions between the plant and root-associated bacterial communities, leading to recruitment of beneficial microorganisms. This study offers significant insights into the mechanism by which DSE extracellular metabolites coordinate plant nutrient balance and regulate microbial community diversity.
{"title":"Contributions of the dark septate endophyte extracellular metabolites to plant growth, metabolism and root-associated microbial community structure","authors":"Yinli Bi, Shuhui Wang, Yaning Song, Hai Tan, Peter Christie","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06980-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06980-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Inoculation with dark septate endophytes (DSE) has emerged as a highly effective practical approach for facilitating ecological restoration and promoting vegetation reconstruction. However, the emphasis on the utilization of microbial-based preparations has resulted in a significant neglect of metabolites generated by DSE.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In soils with varying phosphorus (P) concentrations (0, 20, 200 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), we supplemented DSE extracellular metabolites and conducted non-targeted metabolomics analysis of leaves, stems, roots, rhizosphere soils, as well as diversity analysis of root-associated bacterial communities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>DSE extracellular metabolites significantly enhanced the biomass of alfalfa under low and medium P concentrations. The leaf, stem, root tissue, and rhizosphere soil contained a total of 572, 264, 329, and 63 different identified metabolites respectively. The differential metabolic pathways mainly focus on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. There were significant differences in the metabolic functions of root-associated bacterial communities in different treatments. The abundance of <i>Sphingomonas</i> and <i>Rhizobiales</i> in the root-associated bacterial communities increased after the addition of DSE extracellular metabolites, which enhanced the phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The regulation of alfalfa metabolism by DSE extracellular metabolites occurs through two crucial mechanisms: signal regulation within the plant and the facilitation of positive interactions between the plant and root-associated bacterial communities, leading to recruitment of beneficial microorganisms. This study offers significant insights into the mechanism by which DSE extracellular metabolites coordinate plant nutrient balance and regulate microbial community diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"225 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06902-5
Meghan Hamp, Jordan Constant, Paul Grogan
Aims
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition derived from agricultural intensification and fossil fuel burning can significantly impact plant growth, species diversity, and nutrient cycling. Semi-natural grasslands are of particular concern because their generally low intensity agricultural management suggests they may be very sensitive to enhanced atmospheric N deposition inputs, although previous experimental research indicates highly variable, site-specific responses. Mediating factors such as soil texture that influence actual availability of soil water and nutrients to plants have generally not been investigated.
Methods
We report the impacts of 16 years of experimental N addition (simulating 2050 atmospheric N input rates) and a separate, single growing season, high-level N and phosphorus (P) factorial experiment to a hayfield of varying loam soil texture (clay-loam – sandy-loam) on plant community structure and above-and belowground biomass.
Results
The chronic low-level N addition treatment had no significant effects on either species or community aboveground growth, species richness, or diversity. These properties were best explained by variation in soil water-filled pore space, and were substantially larger on plots with relatively clay-rich soils.
Conclusions
The general lack of responses to the low-level N additions and the lack of a growth response to the short factorial high-level N and P addition experiment, indicate that future atmospheric N deposition increases are unlikely to have major impacts on hay production or species composition in mesic semi-natural grasslands. By contrast, the strong interconnected influences of soil clay content and plant water availability in our results suggest that textural variation – even within loamy soils—will be a primary determinant of the impacts of anticipated future summer warming and reduced rainfall on hayfield vegetation.
{"title":"Plant production and community structure in a mesic semi-natural grassland: Moderate soil textural variation has a much stronger influence than experimentally increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition","authors":"Meghan Hamp, Jordan Constant, Paul Grogan","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06902-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06902-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition derived from agricultural intensification and fossil fuel burning can significantly impact plant growth, species diversity, and nutrient cycling. Semi-natural grasslands are of particular concern because their generally low intensity agricultural management suggests they may be very sensitive to enhanced atmospheric N deposition inputs, although previous experimental research indicates highly variable, site-specific responses. Mediating factors such as soil texture that influence actual availability of soil water and nutrients to plants have generally not been investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We report the impacts of 16 years of experimental N addition (simulating 2050 atmospheric N input rates) and a separate, single growing season, high-level N and phosphorus (P) factorial experiment to a hayfield of varying loam soil texture (clay-loam – sandy-loam) on plant community structure and above-and belowground biomass.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The chronic low-level N addition treatment had no significant effects on either species or community aboveground growth, species richness, or diversity. These properties were best explained by variation in soil water-filled pore space, and were substantially larger on plots with relatively clay-rich soils.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The general lack of responses to the low-level N additions and the lack of a growth response to the short factorial high-level N and P addition experiment, indicate that future atmospheric N deposition increases are unlikely to have major impacts on hay production or species composition in mesic semi-natural grasslands. By contrast, the strong interconnected influences of soil clay content and plant water availability in our results suggest that textural variation – even within loamy soils—will be a primary determinant of the impacts of anticipated future summer warming and reduced rainfall on hayfield vegetation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06978-z
Shuotian Lai, Wanting Dai, Fuzhong Wu, Biao Zhu, Xiangyin Ni
Background and aims
Plant litter is a primary source of soil organic matter (SOM) in forests, but which carbon (C) fraction of plant litter contributes directly to SOM formation remains not fully understood.
Methods
We conducted a 2.5-year microcosm experiment in a subtropical forest to assess C release during Cinnamomum camphora litter (leaf and twig) decomposition. We also evaluated the temporal changes in soil microbial biomass (phospholipid fatty acids, PLFAs), enzymatic activities and soil C fractions with or without litter input until the foliar litter is decomposed by approximately 80%.
Results
Decomposition rates of total C, dissolved organic C, hot-water extractable C, non-structural C, soluble sugars and starch in foliar litter estimated by the first-order exponential model were 0.689, 2.310, 8.272, 1.032, 13.509 and 0.718 yr−1, respectively. For twig litter, these rates were 0.359, 4.085, 2.756, 0.847, 2.274 and 0.675 yr−1, respectively. The C inputs from decomposing litter increased soil PLFAs at early periods, but did not significantly change soil enzymatic activities. Although soil particulate and mineral-associated organic C were not changed significantly, litter C input significantly increased the concentrations of soil non-structural C, soluble sugars and starch, which corresponded to labile C release from decomposing litter.
Conclusion
Our findings suggested that the short-term effect of litter input on SOM formation is primarily driven by labile C input from decomposing litter in this subtropical forest.
{"title":"Labile carbon release from plant litter and its effect on soil organic matter formation in a subtropical forest","authors":"Shuotian Lai, Wanting Dai, Fuzhong Wu, Biao Zhu, Xiangyin Ni","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06978-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06978-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Plant litter is a primary source of soil organic matter (SOM) in forests, but which carbon (C) fraction of plant litter contributes directly to SOM formation remains not fully understood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted a 2.5-year microcosm experiment in a subtropical forest to assess C release during <i>Cinnamomum camphora</i> litter (leaf and twig) decomposition. We also evaluated the temporal changes in soil microbial biomass (phospholipid fatty acids, PLFAs), enzymatic activities and soil C fractions with or without litter input until the foliar litter is decomposed by approximately 80%.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Decomposition rates of total C, dissolved organic C, hot-water extractable C, non-structural C, soluble sugars and starch in foliar litter estimated by the first-order exponential model were 0.689, 2.310, 8.272, 1.032, 13.509 and 0.718 yr<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. For twig litter, these rates were 0.359, 4.085, 2.756, 0.847, 2.274 and 0.675 yr<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The C inputs from decomposing litter increased soil PLFAs at early periods, but did not significantly change soil enzymatic activities. Although soil particulate and mineral-associated organic C were not changed significantly, litter C input significantly increased the concentrations of soil non-structural C, soluble sugars and starch, which corresponded to labile C release from decomposing litter.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings suggested that the short-term effect of litter input on SOM formation is primarily driven by labile C input from decomposing litter in this subtropical forest.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil acidity has a major impact on the finger millet yield and productivity as tolerant cultivars that perform well in acidic soils are limited. This study aimed at evaluating major finger millet phenotypic traits under acidic soils followed by identifying associated markers.
Method
A total of 288 finger millet genotypes were field evaluated for 8 major phenotypic traits including grain yield under acid soil conditions at two independent locations (Bako and Gute) in Ethiopia. In parallel, the same genotypes were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing to generate single nucleotide polymorphism markers to be used in the association panel.
Results
Phenotypic data analysis revealed significant phenotypic variation in all the targeted traits among the studied genotypes. Genotypes Ec-100093, Ec-215803, and Ec-203322 were relatively high-yielding, whereas genotypes Ec-229721 and Ec-242110 had the lowest grain yield across the two locations. The broad-sense heritability of the traits ranged from 0.04 for the number of effective tillers (NET) to 0.78 for days to emergence (DE). The marker-trait association analysis revealed 23 SNP markers significantly associated with one or more traits. Among the 23 significant markers, one marker associated with DE, seven with days to heading (DH), four with days to maturity (DM), one with plant height (PH), two with number of fingers, two with ear length (EL), three with the number of effective tillers (NET) and three with grain yield (GY).
Conclusions
The identified novel markers associated with the targeted traits will potentially be useful for genomics-driven finger millet improvement in acidic soils.
{"title":"Genome-wide association analysis revealed genetic markers linked to grain yield and yield related traits in finger millet grown in acidic soils","authors":"Haftom Brhane, Teklehaimanot Haileselassie, Kassahun Tesfaye, Dagnachew Lule, Kibrom B. Abreha, Cecilia Hammenhag, Rodomiro Ortiz, Mulatu Geleta","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07000-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07000-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aim</h3><p>Soil acidity has a major impact on the finger millet yield and productivity as tolerant cultivars that perform well in acidic soils are limited. This study aimed at evaluating major finger millet phenotypic traits under acidic soils followed by identifying associated markers.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>A total of 288 finger millet genotypes were field evaluated for 8 major phenotypic traits including grain yield under acid soil conditions at two independent locations (Bako and Gute) in Ethiopia. In parallel, the same genotypes were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing to generate single nucleotide polymorphism markers to be used in the association panel.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Phenotypic data analysis revealed significant phenotypic variation in all the targeted traits among the studied genotypes. Genotypes Ec-100093, Ec-215803, and Ec-203322 were relatively high-yielding, whereas genotypes Ec-229721 and Ec-242110 had the lowest grain yield across the two locations. The broad-sense heritability of the traits ranged from 0.04 for the number of effective tillers (NET) to 0.78 for days to emergence (DE). The marker-trait association analysis revealed 23 SNP markers significantly associated with one or more traits. Among the 23 significant markers, one marker associated with DE, seven with days to heading (DH), four with days to maturity (DM), one with plant height (PH), two with number of fingers, two with ear length (EL), three with the number of effective tillers (NET) and three with grain yield (GY).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The identified novel markers associated with the targeted traits will potentially be useful for genomics-driven finger millet improvement in acidic soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06995-y
Daniele Maria do Nascimento, Letícia Rodrigues Oliveira, Bianca Cristina Costa Géa, Luana Laurindo de Melo, José Marcelo Soman, Tadeu Antônio Fernandes da Silva Júnior, Antonio Carlos Maringoni
Background and Aims
Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli (Xpp), is a major disease affecting common bean production in Brazil. Understanding the survival of Xpp across various environments is essential for effective disease management.
Methods
This study assessed Xpp survival under different environmental conditions, including variations in soil type and temperature, and the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of crops and weeds.
Results
Xpp survived longest in clayey soils and at lower temperatures (15 °C). It exhibited prolonged survival in the phyllosphere of common beans (up to 70 days), while it survived minimally on non-host crops like cotton, maize, and soybean. Xpp survival was positively correlated with rainfall. In the rhizosphere, maximum survival occurred in pigeon pea (up to 42 days). Weeds showed varied survival rates, with the longest being 28 days in the phyllosphere of Cyperus rotundus, whereas other species supported the bacterium for 7 to 14 days. The maximum survival period of Xpp in the rhizosphere of weeds was 21 days, but in most species, it was only detected on the day the experiment was set up.
Conclusion
Crop rotation with non-host crops such as cotton, maize, and soybean appears effective in reducing Xpp inoculum in fields. Managing weed populations is also crucial, as many can harbor Xpp, contributing to disease persistence. These findings are integral to developing integrated disease management strategies.
{"title":"Survival of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli in the soil and the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of crops and weeds","authors":"Daniele Maria do Nascimento, Letícia Rodrigues Oliveira, Bianca Cristina Costa Géa, Luana Laurindo de Melo, José Marcelo Soman, Tadeu Antônio Fernandes da Silva Júnior, Antonio Carlos Maringoni","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06995-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06995-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by <i>Xanthomonas phaseoli</i> pv. <i>phaseoli</i> (Xpp), is a major disease affecting common bean production in Brazil. Understanding the survival of Xpp across various environments is essential for effective disease management.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study assessed Xpp survival under different environmental conditions, including variations in soil type and temperature, and the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of crops and weeds.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Xpp survived longest in clayey soils and at lower temperatures (15 °C). It exhibited prolonged survival in the phyllosphere of common beans (up to 70 days), while it survived minimally on non-host crops like cotton, maize, and soybean. Xpp survival was positively correlated with rainfall. In the rhizosphere, maximum survival occurred in pigeon pea (up to 42 days). Weeds showed varied survival rates, with the longest being 28 days in the phyllosphere of <i>Cyperus rotundus,</i> whereas other species supported the bacterium for 7 to 14 days. The maximum survival period of Xpp in the rhizosphere of weeds was 21 days, but in most species, it was only detected on the day the experiment was set up.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Crop rotation with non-host crops such as cotton, maize, and soybean appears effective in reducing Xpp inoculum in fields. Managing weed populations is also crucial, as many can harbor Xpp, contributing to disease persistence. These findings are integral to developing integrated disease management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06971-6
Joanna Mucha, Marcin Zadworny, Bartosz Bułaj, Paweł Rutkowski, Agnieszka Szuba, Ewa Mąderek, Piotr Łakomy, Lidia Katarzyna Trocha
Aims
The anatomical characteristics of ectomycorrhizal exploration types in response to soil variability remain insufficiently understood. We examined the root anatomy of contact and long-distance exploration types in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus petraea, species with distinct ecological needs, across different soil horizons.
Methods
The diameter of ectomycorrhizal roots, the root absorptive traits i.e. proportion of cortex and mantle area, the percentage stele in the diameter, and the weighted average diameter of vessels (Ra) in the ectomycorrhizas were measured within ectomycorrhizas collected from organic and mineral soils across the soil profile.
Results
The absorptive traits varied along soil horizons, in which water and nutrient availability changed inversely. The proportion of cortex was associated with exploration type, but was not specific to tree species. However, the ectomycorrhizal diameter and the percentage of mantle within the root forming contact exploration type of P. sylvestris showed no variation among soil horizons. In contrast, the soil horizon significantly influenced all root anatomical traits in the contact exploration type of Q. petraea by enhancing the contribution of the absorption area of the root area, mainly in the illuvial horizon, but reaching the smallest value in the organic horizon. The Ra and the cell wall thickness of the vessels were strongly dependent on tree species. With increasing soil depth, Ra in Q. petraea increased, and stele proportion in root diameter decreased.
Conclusion
The results suggest that water acquisition traits differ among tree species, but traits associated with nutrient absorption (proportion of cortex and mantle area) within specific soil horizons are closely related to the ectomycorrhizal exploration type.
目的人们对外生菌根探索类型随土壤变化而变化的解剖学特征仍然了解不够。我们研究了具有不同生态需求的 Pinus sylvestris 和 Quercus petraea 在不同土壤层中接触式和远距离探索式的根系解剖学特征。方法测量了从有机土壤和矿质土壤中采集的外生菌根在整个土壤剖面上的直径、根的吸收特性（即皮层和套膜面积的比例、直径中石碑的百分比以及血管的加权平均直径（Ra））。结果吸收特性随土壤层的变化而变化，其中水分和养分的可用性成反比变化。皮层的比例与勘探类型有关，但与树种无关。然而，外生菌根直径和根内套管的比例在形成接触探索类型的西洋杉中没有显示出不同土壤层之间的差异。相比之下，土壤层对小叶榕接触探索型根系的所有解剖特征都有显著影响，主要是在冲积层中增加了根系的吸收面积，而在有机层中达到最小值。血管的 Ra 值和细胞壁厚度与树种密切相关。结果表明，不同树种的水分获取特性不同，但在特定土壤层中与养分吸收相关的特性（皮层和套管面积比例）与外菌根探索类型密切相关。
{"title":"Root anatomical adaptations of contrasting ectomycorrhizal exploration types in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus petraea across soil horizons","authors":"Joanna Mucha, Marcin Zadworny, Bartosz Bułaj, Paweł Rutkowski, Agnieszka Szuba, Ewa Mąderek, Piotr Łakomy, Lidia Katarzyna Trocha","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06971-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06971-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>The anatomical characteristics of ectomycorrhizal exploration types in response to soil variability remain insufficiently understood. We examined the root anatomy of contact and long-distance exploration types in <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> and <i>Quercus petraea</i>, species with distinct ecological needs, across different soil horizons.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The diameter of ectomycorrhizal roots, the root absorptive traits i.e. proportion of cortex and mantle area, the percentage stele in the diameter, and the weighted average diameter of vessels (Ra) in the ectomycorrhizas were measured within ectomycorrhizas collected from organic and mineral soils across the soil profile.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The absorptive traits varied along soil horizons, in which water and nutrient availability changed inversely. The proportion of cortex was associated with exploration type, but was not specific to tree species. However, the ectomycorrhizal diameter and the percentage of mantle within the root forming contact exploration type of <i>P. sylvestris</i> showed no variation among soil horizons. In contrast, the soil horizon significantly influenced all root anatomical traits in the contact exploration type of <i>Q. petraea</i> by enhancing the contribution of the absorption area of the root area, mainly in the illuvial horizon, but reaching the smallest value in the organic horizon. The Ra and the cell wall thickness of the vessels were strongly dependent on tree species. With increasing soil depth, Ra in <i>Q. petraea</i> increased, and stele proportion in root diameter decreased.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The results suggest that water acquisition traits differ among tree species, but traits associated with nutrient absorption (proportion of cortex and mantle area) within specific soil horizons are closely related to the ectomycorrhizal exploration type.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06996-x
Noriko Kanno, Virender Kumar, Yoichiro Kato
Background and aims
Dry direct seeding of rice in the tropics often suffers from poor crop establishment owing to soil water deficit. A potential solution is sowing deeply to utilize residual soil moisture farther below the surface. We evaluated rice emergence under various sowing depths and soil moisture conditions and tested a model framework of it as a simultaneous function of sowing depth and soil moisture.
Methods
We combined data from three field experiments and one growth chamber experiment to collect emergence data for four rice cultivars (Dontokoi, Dular, Rc222 and Rc420). We independently parameterized the relationships between emergence and sowing depth or soil water tension using logistic functions. We expressed the final emergence as the product of the two functions.
Results
Emergence responses to sowing depth and soil moisture fitted the cultivar-specific logistic functions well. For Dular, a cultivar that tolerates deep sowing, emergence was greatest when sown at 4 to 5 cm below the surface under soil water deficit, versus 1 to 2 cm under wet conditions, and our combined model successfully reproduced this result.
Conclusion
Our emergence model framework supports adjustment of sowing depth to account for available soil water, making the model a powerful new tool for drought adaptation in direct-seeded rice.
{"title":"Modeling the response of crop emergence to sowing depth and soil water deficit in direct-seeded rice","authors":"Noriko Kanno, Virender Kumar, Yoichiro Kato","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06996-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06996-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Dry direct seeding of rice in the tropics often suffers from poor crop establishment owing to soil water deficit. A potential solution is sowing deeply to utilize residual soil moisture farther below the surface. We evaluated rice emergence under various sowing depths and soil moisture conditions and tested a model framework of it as a simultaneous function of sowing depth and soil moisture.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We combined data from three field experiments and one growth chamber experiment to collect emergence data for four rice cultivars (Dontokoi, Dular, Rc222 and Rc420). We independently parameterized the relationships between emergence and sowing depth or soil water tension using logistic functions. We expressed the final emergence as the product of the two functions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Emergence responses to sowing depth and soil moisture fitted the cultivar-specific logistic functions well. For Dular, a cultivar that tolerates deep sowing, emergence was greatest when sown at 4 to 5 cm below the surface under soil water deficit, versus 1 to 2 cm under wet conditions, and our combined model successfully reproduced this result.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our emergence model framework supports adjustment of sowing depth to account for available soil water, making the model a powerful new tool for drought adaptation in direct-seeded rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06984-1
Ya-Zhou Wang, Ke-Rui Geng, Bing-Lan Mo, Ting Liu, Ye-Tao Tang, Dian Wen, Fu-Rong Li, Xu Wang, Lei Li, Rui-Ying Du, Antony van der Ent, Teng-Hao-Bo Deng, Jean-Louis Morel, Rong-Liang Qiu
Background and aims
Odontarrhena chalcidica is a well-known nickel hyperaccumulator which also take up zinc efficiently, but little is known regarding its zinc uptake mechanisms. Therefore, this study compared the uptake kinetics of zinc and nickel.
Methods
Plants were cultivated under various metals (nickel, zinc, cobalt and iron) concentrations of the hydroponic solutions. The plants underwent assessment for a range of parameters, including metal concentrations in the plant, expression level of selected metal transporters, and absorption kinetics models for nickel and zinc in the roots.
Results
The plants accumulated high concentrations of zinc in roots (5000 mg kg−1). Zinc uptake was not influenced by nickel, but nickel uptake was severely suppressed by zinc (drop by 87.4%), while significantly stimulated by zinc deficiency (increase by 30.4%). The root uptake of zinc and nickel fit Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km for zinc and nickel of 8.99 and 18.3 µM, respectively, while the Vmax of nickel was approximately 1.8 times greater than that of zinc. The presence of zinc greatly decreased both the Vmax and Km of nickel. RT-Q-PCR results showed that zinc exposure only stimulated the gene expression levels of zinc transporter (e.g., ZIP10), whilst nickel exposure stimulates gene expression levels of both zinc and iron transporters.
Conclusions
O. chalcidica preferentially takes up zinc over nickel, probably via relatively high-affinity transporters. Whilst nickel uptake is via a broader range of transporters, and the zinc transporters appear to be part of the nickel transport systems.
{"title":"The nickel hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena chalcidica (Brassicaceae) preferentially takes up zinc over nickel","authors":"Ya-Zhou Wang, Ke-Rui Geng, Bing-Lan Mo, Ting Liu, Ye-Tao Tang, Dian Wen, Fu-Rong Li, Xu Wang, Lei Li, Rui-Ying Du, Antony van der Ent, Teng-Hao-Bo Deng, Jean-Louis Morel, Rong-Liang Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06984-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06984-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p><i>Odontarrhena chalcidica</i> is a well-known nickel hyperaccumulator which also take up zinc efficiently, but little is known regarding its zinc uptake mechanisms. Therefore, this study compared the uptake kinetics of zinc and nickel.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Plants were cultivated under various metals (nickel, zinc, cobalt and iron) concentrations of the hydroponic solutions. The plants underwent assessment for a range of parameters, including metal concentrations in the plant, expression level of selected metal transporters, and absorption kinetics models for nickel and zinc in the roots.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The plants accumulated high concentrations of zinc in roots (5000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). Zinc uptake was not influenced by nickel, but nickel uptake was severely suppressed by zinc (drop by 87.4%), while significantly stimulated by zinc deficiency (increase by 30.4%). The root uptake of zinc and nickel fit Michaelis-Menten kinetics with <i>K</i><sub><i>m</i></sub> for zinc and nickel of 8.99 and 18.3 µM, respectively, while the <i>V</i><sub><i>max</i></sub> of nickel was approximately 1.8 times greater than that of zinc. The presence of zinc greatly decreased both the <i>V</i><sub><i>max</i></sub> and <i>K</i><sub><i>m</i></sub> of nickel. RT-Q-PCR results showed that zinc exposure only stimulated the gene expression levels of zinc transporter (e.g.,<i> ZIP10</i>), whilst nickel exposure stimulates gene expression levels of both zinc and iron transporters.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p><i>O. chalcidica</i> preferentially takes up zinc over nickel, probably via relatively high-affinity transporters. Whilst nickel uptake is via a broader range of transporters, and the zinc transporters appear to be part of the nickel transport systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07002-0
Yang Cao, Wenting Zhang, Bojuan Pan, Lihua Dai, Ao Tian
Background and aims
Soil quality assessment is crucial for achieving sustainable soil management and maintaining ecosystem health. However, there is limited research on soil quality assessments in azalea forests.
Methods
In this study, we selected 17 soil physicochemical indicators as the total data set (TDS) and utilised principal component analysis (PCA) to construct the minimum data set (MDS). Linear/nonlinear scoring functions and additive/weighted additive methods were employed to calculate four soil quality indices (SQIs) to determine the SQIs of azalea forest communities (RD, Rhododendron delavayi; RI, Rhododendron irroratum; RM, Rhododendron delavayi × Rhododendron irroratum).
Results
The capillary porosity, total nitrogen, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and soil carbon density were identified as the MDS. The four SQIs showed consistent performance and exhibited significant positive correlations with each other (P < 0.001, n > 15). Nonlinear weighted additive integration (SQINL-W) yielded the highest discriminative effectiveness for the SQI among the azalea forest communities (R2 = 0.848). The SQI of the Rhododendron delavayi forest was the highest, followed by that of the Rhododendron delavayi × Rhododendron irroratum forest of both species, and both forest community types exhibited significantly greater SQIs than did the Rhododendron irroratum forest.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that the Rhododendron delavayi has higher soil quality. In addition, the SQI based on the MDS method could be a useful tool to indicate the soil quality of azalea forest communities, and SQINL-W can provide a better practical, quantitative tool for SQI.
{"title":"Selection of the minimum data set and quantitative soil quality indices for different azalea forest communities in southwestern China","authors":"Yang Cao, Wenting Zhang, Bojuan Pan, Lihua Dai, Ao Tian","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07002-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07002-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil quality assessment is crucial for achieving sustainable soil management and maintaining ecosystem health. However, there is limited research on soil quality assessments in azalea forests.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, we selected 17 soil physicochemical indicators as the total data set (TDS) and utilised principal component analysis (PCA) to construct the minimum data set (MDS). Linear/nonlinear scoring functions and additive/weighted additive methods were employed to calculate four soil quality indices (SQIs) to determine the SQIs of azalea forest communities (RD, <i>Rhododendron delavayi</i>; RI, <i>Rhododendron irroratum</i>; RM, <i>Rhododendron delavayi</i> × <i>Rhododendron irroratum</i>).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The capillary porosity, total nitrogen, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and soil carbon density were identified as the MDS. The four SQIs showed consistent performance and exhibited significant positive correlations with each other (<i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>n</i> > 15). Nonlinear weighted additive integration (SQI<sub>NL-W</sub>) yielded the highest discriminative effectiveness for the SQI among the azalea forest communities (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.848). The SQI of the <i>Rhododendron delavayi</i> forest was the highest, followed by that of the <i>Rhododendron delavayi</i> × <i>Rhododendron irroratum</i> forest of both species, and both forest community types exhibited significantly greater SQIs than did the <i>Rhododendron irroratum</i> forest.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our results demonstrate that the <i>Rhododendron delavayi</i> has higher soil quality. In addition, the SQI based on the MDS method could be a useful tool to indicate the soil quality of azalea forest communities, and SQI<sub>NL-W</sub> can provide a better practical, quantitative tool for SQI.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号