Rhizosheath, the soil attached to plant roots, may enhance drought resilience by improving water and nutrient uptake. This study evaluates the effects of rhizosheath formation on water and nutrient absorption from soils with different textures and moistures.
Methods
Two maize inbred lines R109B (Rh +) and Ky228 (Rh-), known for their distinct rhizosheath formation yet having identical root morphology, were cultivated in loamy sand and loamy soils. When plants were 45 days old, a controlled soil drying cycle was initiated and parameters such as plant transpiration rate (E), leaf water potential (({psi }_{leaf})), and soil water content/potential were monitored. At the end of soil drying cycle, the total nutrient uptake in the plants’ shoots was assessed.
Results
Rh + demonstrated a denser rhizosheath, particularly in loamy sand, correlating with increased root hair development. Rh + plants in loamy sand had a 1.73-fold increase in normalized mass rhizosheath compared to loam soil. In moderate moisture, Rh + exhibited improved soil–plant-water relationships, evidenced by higher midday E and ({psi }_{leaf}) in loamy soil than Rh-. However, no significant differences were noted under severe drought between Rh + and Rh-, likely attributed to diminished root hairs functionality. In loamy sand, Rh + plants exhibited 1.5 times higher phosphorus uptake, 1.46 times higher calcium uptake, and 2.02 times higher manganese uptake compared to Rh-.
Conclusion
Root hair development is a crucial factor in rhizosheath formation. The efficacy of the rhizosheath in enhancing water and nutrient uptake is significantly influenced by soil texture and moisture conditions.
{"title":"Contrasting rhizosheath formation capacities in two maize inbred lines: implications for water and nutrient uptake","authors":"Bahareh Hosseini, Meysam Cheraghi, Sigrid Hiesch, Peng Yu, Mohsen Zarebanadkouki","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06883-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06883-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Rhizosheath, the soil attached to plant roots, may enhance drought resilience by improving water and nutrient uptake. This study evaluates the effects of rhizosheath formation on water and nutrient absorption from soils with different textures and moistures.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Two maize inbred lines R109B (Rh +) and Ky228 (Rh-), known for their distinct rhizosheath formation yet having identical root morphology, were cultivated in loamy sand and loamy soils. When plants were 45 days old, a controlled soil drying cycle was initiated and parameters such as plant transpiration rate (<i>E</i>), leaf water potential (<span>({psi }_{leaf})</span>), and soil water content/potential were monitored. At the end of soil drying cycle, the total nutrient uptake in the plants’ shoots was assessed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Rh + demonstrated a denser rhizosheath, particularly in loamy sand, correlating with increased root hair development. Rh + plants in loamy sand had a 1.73-fold increase in normalized mass rhizosheath compared to loam soil. In moderate moisture, Rh + exhibited improved soil–plant-water relationships, evidenced by higher midday <i>E</i> and <span>({psi }_{leaf})</span> in loamy soil than Rh-. However, no significant differences were noted under severe drought between Rh + and Rh-, likely attributed to diminished root hairs functionality. In loamy sand, Rh + plants exhibited 1.5 times higher phosphorus uptake, 1.46 times higher calcium uptake, and 2.02 times higher manganese uptake compared to Rh-.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Root hair development is a crucial factor in rhizosheath formation. The efficacy of the rhizosheath in enhancing water and nutrient uptake is significantly influenced by soil texture and moisture conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06872-8
Heng Yu, Zhangfen Qin, Félix de Tombeur, Hans Lambers, Xiaofei Lu, Yuan Lai, Yuanwen Kuang
Background and aims
Plants take up and use silicon (Si) as a beneficial nutrient for growth or survival, which can affect terrestrial Si biogeochemistry and its links with the carbon cycle. While nitrogen (N) deposition can impact many processes in terrestrial ecosystems (soil biogeochemical processes, plant productivity, etc.), how it affects plant Si cycling in subtropical forests remains unknown.
Methods
We performed a field experiment in a subtropical forest to explore the effects of nine − years of canopy and understory N addition at three rates (0, 25 and 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on Si biogeochemical cycling. We quantified different soil Si pools, and phytolith concentrations in the vegetation.
Results
In topsoil, soil pH decreased in all N − addition treatments. In CN50 and UN50, concentrations of CaCl2 − Si (mobile Si) and NaOH − Si (amorphous Si) increased and decreased, respectively. H2O2 − Si (fragile phytoliths associated with SOM) concentrations increased following N addition. The rates of carboxylate exudation were significantly enhanced, especially under high − rate N addition. Leaf phytolith concentrations significantly increased in all N − addition treatments, except CN25. Concentrations of CaCl2 − Si were negatively correlated with those of NaOH − Si and positively correlated with those of H2O2 − Si in topsoil. Rhizosheath organic acids, soil pH and CaCl2 − Si were dominant factors affecting leaf phytoliths.
Conclusions
Nitrogen addition decreased soil pH, increased the soil H2O2 − Si pool, and stimulated carboxylate release of fine roots which, together, enhanced Si availability and plant phytolith accumulation. Our results show that atmospheric N deposition affects Si dynamics in plant-soil systems in subtropical forests.
背景和目的植物吸收和利用硅（Si）作为生长或生存的有益养分，这会影响陆地硅的生物地球化学及其与碳循环的联系。虽然氮（N）沉积会影响陆地生态系统中的许多过程（土壤生物地球化学过程、植物生产力等），但氮沉积如何影响亚热带森林中植物的硅循环仍是未知数。我们对不同的土壤硅库和植被中的植金石浓度进行了量化。结果在所有氮添加处理中，表层土壤的 pH 值都有所下降。在 CN50 和 UN50 中，CaCl2 - Si（流动硅）和 NaOH - Si（无定形硅）的浓度分别上升和下降。添加氮之后，H2O2 - Si（与 SOM 相关的脆弱植金石）的浓度增加。羧酸盐的渗出速度明显加快，尤其是在添加高浓度氮的情况下。除 CN25 外，所有氮添加处理的叶片植金石浓度都明显增加。表土中 CaCl2 - Si 的浓度与 NaOH - Si 的浓度呈负相关，与 H2O2 - Si 的浓度呈正相关。根鞘有机酸、土壤 pH 值和 CaCl2 - Si 是影响叶片植金石的主要因素。我们的研究结果表明，大气中的氮沉积会影响亚热带森林中植物-土壤系统中硅的动态变化。
{"title":"Atmospheric nitrogen deposition: what are the impacts on silicon dynamics in a subtropical forest?","authors":"Heng Yu, Zhangfen Qin, Félix de Tombeur, Hans Lambers, Xiaofei Lu, Yuan Lai, Yuanwen Kuang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06872-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06872-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Plants take up and use silicon (Si) as a beneficial nutrient for growth or survival, which can affect terrestrial Si biogeochemistry and its links with the carbon cycle. While nitrogen (N) deposition can impact many processes in terrestrial ecosystems (soil biogeochemical processes, plant productivity, etc.), how it affects plant Si cycling in subtropical forests remains unknown.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We performed a field experiment in a subtropical forest to explore the effects of nine − years of canopy and understory N addition at three rates (0, 25 and 50 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) on Si biogeochemical cycling. We quantified different soil Si pools, and phytolith concentrations in the vegetation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In topsoil, soil pH decreased in all N − addition treatments. In CN50 and UN50, concentrations of CaCl<sub>2</sub> − Si (mobile Si) and NaOH − Si (amorphous Si) increased and decreased, respectively. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> − Si (fragile phytoliths associated with SOM) concentrations increased following N addition. The rates of carboxylate exudation were significantly enhanced, especially under high − rate N addition. Leaf phytolith concentrations significantly increased in all N − addition treatments, except CN25. Concentrations of CaCl<sub>2</sub> − Si were negatively correlated with those of NaOH − Si and positively correlated with those of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> − Si in topsoil. Rhizosheath organic acids, soil pH and CaCl<sub>2</sub> − Si were dominant factors affecting leaf phytoliths.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Nitrogen addition decreased soil pH, increased the soil H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> − Si pool, and stimulated carboxylate release of fine roots which, together, enhanced Si availability and plant phytolith accumulation. Our results show that atmospheric N deposition affects Si dynamics in plant-soil systems in subtropical forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06845-x
Xiaochen Li, Lu Gong, Zhaolong Ding, Kaminuer Abudesiyiti, Xiaofei Wang, Xinyu Ma, Han Li
Aims
Canopy gaps, as small-scale disturbances in forest ecosystems, are critical for maintaining soil nutrient cycling and microbial communities. Picea schrenkiana forests are important ecological barriers and valuable biological resources in the Tianshan Mountains, investigating the effects of gaps disturbances on their ecosystems has great theoretical and practical significance. We aimed at determining the effects of canopy gaps disturbance on soil physicochemical properties and structure and function of microbial communities.
Methods
Non-gaps (NG) as a control, employed high-throughput sequencing technology, combined with R software, hierarchical partitioning analysis, redundancy analysis, and correlation analysis. Investigated soil physicochemical properties, microbial community composition, diversity, structure, and function, and their influencing factors in small gaps (GS), medium gaps (GM), and large gaps (GL).
Results
Compared to NG, soil physicochemical properties, and bacterial and fungal community diversity significantly decreased from GS to GL, but pH and dominant phyla abundance exhibited fluctuating. Functional groups abundance increased in GS and decreased in GM and GL. Topological attributes were higher in bacterial networks than fungal networks, with both dominant and rare taxa coexisting as modules, but network interactions were reduced. Additionally, changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, soil water content, and soil carbon and nitrogen significantly affected the composition, diversity, structure, and function of bacterial and fungal communities, respectively.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that the negative effects of canopy gap disturbances on soil physicochemical properties drive structural and functional changes in microbial communities. This study provides important information for the conservation and management of Picea schrenkiana forest ecosystems.
目的树冠间隙作为森林生态系统中的小尺度干扰，对维持土壤养分循环和微生物群落至关重要。石杉林是天山地区重要的生态屏障和宝贵的生物资源，研究树冠隙缝干扰对其生态系统的影响具有重要的理论和现实意义。方法以非隙地（NG）为对照，采用高通量测序技术，结合 R 软件、层次划分分析法、冗余分析法和相关分析法，探讨隙地干扰对土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构与功能的影响。结果与 NG 相比，从 GS 到 GL，土壤理化性质、细菌和真菌群落多样性显著下降，但 pH 值和优势菌门丰度呈波动趋势。功能群丰度在 GS 中增加，在 GM 和 GL 中减少。细菌网络的拓扑属性高于真菌网络，优势类群和稀有类群作为模块共存，但网络互动减少。此外，土壤碳、氮、磷、pH 值、土壤含水量以及土壤碳和氮的变化分别显著影响了细菌和真菌群落的组成、多样性、结构和功能。这项研究为石松森林生态系统的保护和管理提供了重要信息。
{"title":"Negative effects of canopy gaps on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure and functions in Picea Schrenkiana pure forests","authors":"Xiaochen Li, Lu Gong, Zhaolong Ding, Kaminuer Abudesiyiti, Xiaofei Wang, Xinyu Ma, Han Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06845-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06845-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Canopy gaps, as small-scale disturbances in forest ecosystems, are critical for maintaining soil nutrient cycling and microbial communities. <i>Picea schrenkiana</i> forests are important ecological barriers and valuable biological resources in the Tianshan Mountains, investigating the effects of gaps disturbances on their ecosystems has great theoretical and practical significance. We aimed at determining the effects of canopy gaps disturbance on soil physicochemical properties and structure and function of microbial communities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Non-gaps (NG) as a control, employed high-throughput sequencing technology, combined with R software, hierarchical partitioning analysis, redundancy analysis, and correlation analysis. Investigated soil physicochemical properties, microbial community composition, diversity, structure, and function, and their influencing factors in small gaps (GS), medium gaps (GM), and large gaps (GL).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Compared to NG, soil physicochemical properties, and bacterial and fungal community diversity significantly decreased from GS to GL, but pH and dominant phyla abundance exhibited fluctuating. Functional groups abundance increased in GS and decreased in GM and GL. Topological attributes were higher in bacterial networks than fungal networks, with both dominant and rare taxa coexisting as modules, but network interactions were reduced. Additionally, changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, soil water content, and soil carbon and nitrogen significantly affected the composition, diversity, structure, and function of bacterial and fungal communities, respectively.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our results suggest that the negative effects of canopy gap disturbances on soil physicochemical properties drive structural and functional changes in microbial communities. This study provides important information for the conservation and management of <i>Picea schrenkiana</i> forest ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microplastics (MPs) are persistent pollutant distributes in sea, soil, and atmosphere widely. Nowadays, there has been an increasing awareness of negative impact of MPs on the environment, especially focusing on extensive research in the aquatic environment. However, there is still a significant research gap in the study of MPs in soil, despite the serious harm to soil.
Methods
This review conducts literature analysis by Citespace software, counting the distribution of MPs in different soils, analyzing the sources and types of MPs, integrating the accumulation and fate of MPs, and summarizing methods of separation and identification MPs in soil.
Results
The research on MPs in soil is sparse, with limited funding. Importantly, the annual average growth rate of MPs discharge into farmland exceeds into marine, and the comparability of detection results is poor. Research has found, synthetic textiles, tyres, and urban dust are the main sources, which mainly introduce through atmospheric sedimentation, sewage irrigation, sludge farming, and the use of agricultural film. What’s more, MPs in soil may have the risk of leaching from groundwater and contaminating it. Therefore, it is essential to establish a standard quantitative method for extracting and identifying microplastics in soil to better control their impact on the planting industry.
Conclusion
The MPs in soil seriously affect the growth of plants. Nutrient transfer and intergenerational transmission effects pose potential risks to human health. Consequently, the degradation of MPs by microorganisms in soil is an environmentally friendly and economically worthy topic for in-depth research.
{"title":"Microplastics in soil: a review on research status, sources, methods, and remediation strategies","authors":"Lingli Liu, Yanyun Chen, Qiao Li, Qiang Wu, Yuanqin Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06858-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06858-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Microplastics (MPs) are persistent pollutant distributes in sea, soil, and atmosphere widely. Nowadays, there has been an increasing awareness of negative impact of MPs on the environment, especially focusing on extensive research in the aquatic environment. However, there is still a significant research gap in the study of MPs in soil, despite the serious harm to soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This review conducts literature analysis by Citespace software, counting the distribution of MPs in different soils, analyzing the sources and types of MPs, integrating the accumulation and fate of MPs, and summarizing methods of separation and identification MPs in soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The research on MPs in soil is sparse, with limited funding. Importantly, the annual average growth rate of MPs discharge into farmland exceeds into marine, and the comparability of detection results is poor. Research has found, synthetic textiles, tyres, and urban dust are the main sources, which mainly introduce through atmospheric sedimentation, sewage irrigation, sludge farming, and the use of agricultural film. What’s more, MPs in soil may have the risk of leaching from groundwater and contaminating it. Therefore, it is essential to establish a standard quantitative method for extracting and identifying microplastics in soil to better control their impact on the planting industry.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The MPs in soil seriously affect the growth of plants. Nutrient transfer and intergenerational transmission effects pose potential risks to human health. Consequently, the degradation of MPs by microorganisms in soil is an environmentally friendly and economically worthy topic for in-depth research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06855-9
Zedong Chen, Jinfeng Wang, Dianqi Dong, Chuang Lou, Yi Zhang, Yaxin Wang, Bo Yu, Pengfei Wang, Guozhang Kang
Background and aims
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency is one of the major constraints on wheat growth and development. Identifying the genes conferring Pi efficiency is crucial for improving phosphorus (P) efficiency. Our previous studies showed that TaPHT1;9 is a high-affinity Pi transporter that functions in Pi absorption and transport in wheat seedlings under hydroponic conditions. However, its functions need to be evaluated in complex soil environments. In this study, we aimed to explore its role under soil conditions and reveal its potential for use in the breeding of Pi-efficient wheat cultivars.
Methods
CRISPR-edited TaPHT1;9 wheat mutants and TaPHT1;9 ectopic expression transgenic rice plants were cultivated in soils with different Pi supply treatments. The grain yield, biomass, P concentration and P utilization efficiency (PUE) were measured and calculated.
Results
CRISPR-edited homozygous TaPHT1;9-A/B/D wheat mutants were screened and identified. Under low Pi supplies (0 and 5 mg kg−1 P/pot), the grain yields, P accumulations and PUEs were significantly lower than those in the wild-type (WT) control, and the reduced yields were primarily attributed to the decreases in both grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight. The TaPHT1;9-ectopic expression transgenic rice plants exhibited the opposite results, and their grain yields, P accumulations and PUEs were significantly greater than those of the WT plants under insufficient Pi supply conditions.
Conclusions
TaPHT1;9 plays a vital role in Pi utilization under soil conditions; thus, it is considered a candidate target gene for improving crop PUE.
背景和目的无机磷酸盐（Pi）缺乏是小麦生长和发育的主要制约因素之一。鉴定赋予 Pi 效率的基因对于提高磷（P）效率至关重要。我们之前的研究表明，TaPHT1;9 是一种高亲和性 Pi 转运体，在水培条件下对小麦幼苗的 Pi 吸收和转运起作用。然而，其功能还需要在复杂的土壤环境中进行评估。方法CRISPR编辑的TaPHT1;9小麦突变体和TaPHT1;9异位表达转基因水稻植株在不同Pi供应处理的土壤中培养。结果CRISPR编辑的同源TaPHT1;9-A/B/D小麦突变体被筛选和鉴定出来。在低 Pi 供给（0 和 5 mg kg-1 P/盆）条件下，突变体的籽粒产量、P 积累量和 PUE 均显著低于野生型（WT）对照，产量降低的主要原因是每穗粒数和千粒重的减少。TaPHT1;9异位表达的转基因水稻植株则表现出相反的结果，在 Pi 供应不足的条件下，其谷物产量、P 累积量和 PUE 都明显高于 WT 植株。
{"title":"Comparative analysis of TaPHT1;9 function using CRISPR-edited mutants, ectopic transgenic plants and their wild types under soil conditions","authors":"Zedong Chen, Jinfeng Wang, Dianqi Dong, Chuang Lou, Yi Zhang, Yaxin Wang, Bo Yu, Pengfei Wang, Guozhang Kang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06855-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06855-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency is one of the major constraints on wheat growth and development. Identifying the genes conferring Pi efficiency is crucial for improving phosphorus (P) efficiency. Our previous studies showed that TaPHT1;9 is a high-affinity Pi transporter that functions in Pi absorption and transport in wheat seedlings under hydroponic conditions. However, its functions need to be evaluated in complex soil environments. In this study, we aimed to explore its role under soil conditions and reveal its potential for use in the breeding of Pi-efficient wheat cultivars.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>CRISPR-edited <i>TaPHT1;9</i> wheat mutants and <i>TaPHT1;9</i> ectopic expression transgenic rice plants were cultivated in soils with different Pi supply treatments. The grain yield, biomass, P concentration and P utilization efficiency (PUE) were measured and calculated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>CRISPR-edited homozygous <i>TaPHT1;9-A</i>/<i>B</i>/<i>D</i> wheat mutants were screened and identified. Under low Pi supplies (0 and 5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> P/pot), the grain yields, P accumulations and PUEs were significantly lower than those in the wild-type (WT) control, and the reduced yields were primarily attributed to the decreases in both grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight. The <i>TaPHT1;9</i>-ectopic expression transgenic rice plants exhibited the opposite results, and their grain yields, P accumulations and PUEs were significantly greater than those of the WT plants under insufficient Pi supply conditions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p><i>TaPHT1;9</i> plays a vital role in Pi utilization under soil conditions; thus, it is considered a candidate target gene for improving crop PUE.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, there is a pressing need to study and improve both water and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (WUE and NUE). Surprisingly, this topic has not been adequately documented in recent literature, particularly for intercropping systems. This study aims to assess the simultaneous changes in WUE and NUE of the rainfed pea-barley intercropping as compared to their monocultures.
Methods
Field trials were conducted over two growing seasons at four experimental sites characterized by varying soil and pedoclimatic conditions. WUE (i.e. kg biomass dry matter per m3 water) and NUE (i.e. Kg biomass dry matter per Kg nitrogen available) were measured in monocultures and intercropping systems.
Results
Our findings indicate that pea-barley intercropping had a greater advantage over monoculture in terms of grain yield (+ 61%) and yield quality (+ 83%) and to a lesser extent in term of plant biomass (+ 35%), except for site 4. Additionally, the results show that under higher rainfall conditions, intercropping exhibited the highest NUE values (5.07 kg grain N kg−1 soil N at sowing), while the highest WUE values (1.40 kg m−3) were observed under low-rainfall. Quantifying the relationship between WUE and NUE indicated a positive correlation for intercropping (r2 = 0.61, p ≤ 0.001) and pea monocrops for dry biomass during flowering (r2 = 0.36, p ≤ 0.01).
Conclusion
These advantages of pea-barley intercropping can be attributed to the improved-use of N and water resources, considering their co-limitation under semiarid conditions.
{"title":"The simultaneous assessment of nitrogen and water use efficiency by intercropped pea and barley under contrasting pedoclimatic conditions","authors":"Zemmouri Bahia, Bouras Fatma Zohra, Haddad Benalia, Seghouani Mounir, Kherif Omar, Lambarraa-Lehnhardt Fatima, Kaouas Aicha, Lakehal Amdjed, Oulekhiari Hani, Latati Mourad","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06871-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06871-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Currently, there is a pressing need to study and improve both water and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (WUE and NUE). Surprisingly, this topic has not been adequately documented in recent literature, particularly for intercropping systems. This study aims to assess the simultaneous changes in WUE and NUE of the rainfed pea-barley intercropping as compared to their monocultures.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Field trials were conducted over two growing seasons at four experimental sites characterized by varying soil and pedoclimatic conditions. WUE (i.e. kg biomass dry matter per m3 water) and NUE (i.e. Kg biomass dry matter per Kg nitrogen available) were measured in monocultures and intercropping systems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our findings indicate that pea-barley intercropping had a greater advantage over monoculture in terms of grain yield (+ 61%) and yield quality (+ 83%) and to a lesser extent in term of plant biomass (+ 35%), except for site 4. Additionally, the results show that under higher rainfall conditions, intercropping exhibited the highest NUE values (5.07 kg grain N kg<sup>−1</sup> soil N at sowing), while the highest WUE values (1.40 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) were observed under low-rainfall. Quantifying the relationship between WUE and NUE indicated a positive correlation for intercropping (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.61, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and pea monocrops for dry biomass during flowering (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.36, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These advantages of pea-barley intercropping can be attributed to the improved-use of N and water resources, considering their co-limitation under semiarid conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141836801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-term weathering promotes the development of the microbial communities and increased microbial diversity in bauxite residue. However, the effect of different vegetation cover on the diversity and stability of microbial community are still poorly understood.
Methods
In this study, residue samples from three typical vegetation cover including Artemisia (BA), Cynodon (BC), and Hedysarum (BH) were collected in a bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDA). Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to determine the microbial communities in bauxite residue.
Results
Residues in vegetated sites exhibited lower alkalinity and higher nutrients level, as well as higher microbial biomass and activities, suggesting that plant encroachment significantly increased multifunctionality in bauxite residue. In addition, plant encroachment also induced the development of microbial communities and increased microbial and enhanced network stability. Furthermore, our results showed that the microbial diversity and network stability were significantly positive correlated with multifunctionality in bauxite residue. Long-term plant encroachment promoted functional bacterial assemblages (mostly Rhizobiaceae, Blastocatellaceae, Acidobacteriaceae, Sphingonmonadaceae, Frankiaceae), which were also the core species in microbial network.
Conclusions
Plant encroachment could increase microbial diversity and network stability, thus promote the elevation of multifunctionality in bauxite residue. Rhizobiaceae, Blastocatellaceae, Acidobacteriaceae, Sphingonmonadaceae, Frankiaceae played important roles in the promotion of multifunctionality in bauxite residue. Our results highlight the necessity of conserving and augmenting the abundance of functional bacterial assemblages to ensure the stable provision of ecosystem functions in bauxite residue disposal areas.
{"title":"Plant encroachment increase multifunctionality in bauxite residue by constructing diverse and stable microbial communities","authors":"Dandan Deng, Wei Sun, Hao Wu, Xiyun Yang, Feng Zhu, Yifan Jiang, Shiwei Huang, Shengguo Xue, Jun Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06860-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06860-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Long-term weathering promotes the development of the microbial communities and increased microbial diversity in bauxite residue. However, the effect of different vegetation cover on the diversity and stability of microbial community are still poorly understood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, residue samples from three typical vegetation cover including Artemisia (BA), Cynodon (BC), and Hedysarum (BH) were collected in a bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDA). Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to determine the microbial communities in bauxite residue.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Residues in vegetated sites exhibited lower alkalinity and higher nutrients level, as well as higher microbial biomass and activities, suggesting that plant encroachment significantly increased multifunctionality in bauxite residue. In addition, plant encroachment also induced the development of microbial communities and increased microbial and enhanced network stability. Furthermore, our results showed that the microbial diversity and network stability were significantly positive correlated with multifunctionality in bauxite residue. Long-term plant encroachment promoted functional bacterial assemblages (mostly Rhizobiaceae, Blastocatellaceae, Acidobacteriaceae, Sphingonmonadaceae, Frankiaceae), which were also the core species in microbial network.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Plant encroachment could increase microbial diversity and network stability, thus promote the elevation of multifunctionality in bauxite residue. Rhizobiaceae, Blastocatellaceae, Acidobacteriaceae, Sphingonmonadaceae, Frankiaceae played important roles in the promotion of multifunctionality in bauxite residue. Our results highlight the necessity of conserving and augmenting the abundance of functional bacterial assemblages to ensure the stable provision of ecosystem functions in bauxite residue disposal areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06848-8
Issifou Amadou, David Houben, Hans Lambers, Michel-Pierre Faucon
Aims
Phosphorus (P) in soil comprises both organic P (OP) and inorganic P (IP), but efficiency of plant P-acquisition strategies for accessing various IP or OP from soil is unclear.
Methods
We examined the response of P-acquisition root traits in eight plant species in the presence of IP or OP sorbed onto various soil minerals.
Results
We highlighted contrasting trait plasticity for three distinct P-acquisition strategies: mining, foraging, and intermediate. Species with mining and foraging P strategies showed significant plasticity in root traits across P-forms. Species with P-mining strategy had greater physiological root traits and P-acquisition from OP, while species with a P-foraging strategy had greater morphological and architectural root traits and P uptake from IP. In contrast, species with intermediate P strategy showed lower trait plasticity among P forms and similar P acquisition from all P forms. Results show that each strategy presented a specific trait combination, with greater degree of P acquisition for the intermediate strategy that combined morphological and physiological traits. Mineral-P interactions also influenced plant strategies, with OP desorbing more from clays (kaolinite) than from Fe/Al oxides.
Conclusions
The present findings highlight the importance of both plasticity and combinations of root traits for each P-acquisition strategy and allow to improve our understanding of P dynamic in the soil-plant system while presenting new knowledges for modelling P acquisition.
目的 土壤中的磷（P）包括有机磷（OP）和无机磷（IP），但植物从土壤中获取各种 IP 或 OP 的 P 获取策略的效率尚不清楚。采用采矿和觅食获取 P 策略的物种在不同 P 形态下的根系性状具有显著的可塑性。采用采矿策略的物种具有更高的根系生理特征和从 OP 中获取更多的 P，而采用觅食策略的物种具有更高的根系形态和结构特征以及从 IP 中吸收更多的 P。与此相反，采用中等养分策略的物种在不同养分形式之间的性状可塑性较低，而从所有养分形式中获得的养分相似。结果表明，每种策略都呈现出特定的性状组合，结合了形态和生理性状的中间策略对碳的获取程度更高。矿物与植物之间的相互作用也影响了植物的策略，OP 从粘土（高岭石）中的解吸作用大于从铁/铝氧化物中的解吸作用。
{"title":"Key role of root trait combinations and plasticity in response to phosphorus forms on phosphorus-acquisition in agroecosystems","authors":"Issifou Amadou, David Houben, Hans Lambers, Michel-Pierre Faucon","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06848-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06848-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Phosphorus (P) in soil comprises both organic P (OP) and inorganic P (IP), but efficiency of plant P-acquisition strategies for accessing various IP or OP from soil is unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We examined the response of P-acquisition root traits in eight plant species in the presence of IP or OP sorbed onto various soil minerals.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We highlighted contrasting trait plasticity for three distinct P-acquisition strategies: mining, foraging, and intermediate. Species with mining and foraging P strategies showed significant plasticity in root traits across P-forms. Species with P-mining strategy had greater physiological root traits and P-acquisition from OP, while species with a P-foraging strategy had greater morphological and architectural root traits and P uptake from IP. In contrast, species with intermediate P strategy showed lower trait plasticity among P forms and similar P acquisition from all P forms. Results show that each strategy presented a specific trait combination, with greater degree of P acquisition for the intermediate strategy that combined morphological and physiological traits. Mineral-P interactions also influenced plant strategies, with OP desorbing more from clays (kaolinite) than from Fe/Al oxides.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The present findings highlight the importance of both plasticity and combinations of root traits for each P-acquisition strategy and allow to improve our understanding of P dynamic in the soil-plant system while presenting new knowledges for modelling P acquisition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06854-w
Yao Wang, Chunxia He, Ping Meng, Shoujia Sun, Jinsong Zhang, Pan Xue, Jianxia Li, Jinfeng Cai
Background and aims
Mowing is used as a management practice in tree-grass agroforestry, but the water relationships between trees and grasses have been divergent. Here, we aim to reveal the effect of mowing frequency on the interspecific water relationships.
Methods
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) was intercropped with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) from 2021 to 2022, and the responses of soil moisture, plant roots and moisture sources, water use efficiency (WUE) and water consumption to different mowing frequencies (once, twice and thrice) were investigated.
Results
The soil moisture did not respond significantly to the mowing frequency; mowing significantly increased the root length density of alfalfa in all soil layers, especially in the 0–20 cm layer; mowing twice and thrice affected the water sources of walnut and alfalfa, and it increased the proportion of walnut trees that used deep soil water (up to 64.60%) and the proportion of alfalfa that used surface soil water (up to 58.5%); The WUE of walnut did not respond significantly to mowing, while that of alfalfa did (the highest average WUE of 5.44 mmol C/mol H2O was found when alfalfa was mowed twice, which increased by 4.42% over the WUE of the mowing once treatment (CK)); compared to CK, the total water consumption of the intercropping system was unchanged when mowed twice but increased significantly when mowed thrice.
Conclusion
In the early stages, the walnut-alfalfa intercropping system can be managed by mowing twice, which can improve the WUE of alfalfa and maintain soil moisture.
{"title":"Effects of mowing frequency on the interspecific water relationships of a walnut (Juglans regia L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system","authors":"Yao Wang, Chunxia He, Ping Meng, Shoujia Sun, Jinsong Zhang, Pan Xue, Jianxia Li, Jinfeng Cai","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06854-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06854-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Mowing is used as a management practice in tree-grass agroforestry, but the water relationships between trees and grasses have been divergent. Here, we aim to reveal the effect of mowing frequency on the interspecific water relationships.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) was intercropped with alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) from 2021 to 2022, and the responses of soil moisture, plant roots and moisture sources, water use efficiency (WUE) and water consumption to different mowing frequencies (once, twice and thrice) were investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The soil moisture did not respond significantly to the mowing frequency; mowing significantly increased the root length density of alfalfa in all soil layers, especially in the 0–20 cm layer; mowing twice and thrice affected the water sources of walnut and alfalfa, and it increased the proportion of walnut trees that used deep soil water (up to 64.60%) and the proportion of alfalfa that used surface soil water (up to 58.5%); The WUE of walnut did not respond significantly to mowing, while that of alfalfa did (the highest average WUE of 5.44 mmol C/mol H<sub>2</sub>O was found when alfalfa was mowed twice, which increased by 4.42% over the WUE of the mowing once treatment (CK)); compared to CK, the total water consumption of the intercropping system was unchanged when mowed twice but increased significantly when mowed thrice.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>In the early stages, the walnut-alfalfa intercropping system can be managed by mowing twice, which can improve the WUE of alfalfa and maintain soil moisture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06850-0
Christopher O. Anuo, Lidong Li, Kimber C. Moreland, Karis J. McFarlane, Arindam Malakar, Jennifer A. Cooper, Bijesh Maharjan, Michael Kaiser
Aims
Land use change from native grasslands to arable lands globally impacts soil ecosystem functions, including the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC). Understanding the factors affecting SOC changes in topsoil and subsoil due to land use is crucial for effective mitigation strategies. We determined SOC storage and persistence as affected by land use change from native prairies to arable lands.
Methods
We examined SOC stocks, soil δ13C and ∆14C signatures, microbial communities (bacteria and fungi), and soil mineral characteristics under native prairies and long-term arable lands (i.e., > 40 years) down to 3 m in the U.S. Midwest.
Results
Native prairie soils had higher SOC stocks in the A horizon and 0–50 cm depth increment than arable soils. For both land use types, the δ13C and ∆14C values significantly decreased with depth, with the latter pointing towards highly stabilized SOC, especially in the B- and C-horizons. Analysis of the microbial communities indicated that the diversity of bacteria and fungi decreased with increasing soil depth. The content of oxalate soluble Al appeared to be the single most important predictor of SOC across horizons and land use types.
Conclusion
Our data suggest that most SOC gains and losses and transformation and translocation processes seem to be restricted to the uppermost 50 cm. Increasing SOC retention in the A and B horizons within the 0–50 cm depth would enhance organic material serving as substrate and nutrients for microbes and plants (A horizon) and facilitate long-term SOC storage in the subsoil (B horizon).
目的从原生草地到耕地的土地利用变化在全球范围内影响着土壤生态系统的功能，包括土壤有机碳（SOC）的储存。了解土地利用导致表土和底土中 SOC 变化的影响因素对于制定有效的缓解战略至关重要。我们研究了美国中西部原生草原和长期耕地（即 40 年）下至 3 米的 SOC 储量、土壤 δ13C 和 ∆14C 信号、微生物群落（细菌和真菌）以及土壤矿物特征。结果原生草原土壤 A 层和 0-50 厘米深度增量中的 SOC 储量高于耕地土壤。对于这两种土地利用类型，δ13C 和 ∆14C 值随着深度的增加而显著降低，后者表明 SOC 已高度稳定，尤其是在 B 和 C 层。微生物群落分析表明，细菌和真菌的多样性随着土壤深度的增加而减少。草酸盐可溶性铝的含量似乎是预测不同地层和土地利用类型中 SOC 的最重要指标。增加 0-50 厘米深度内 A 和 B 地层中的 SOC 保留量将增加作为微生物和植物（A 地层）基质和养分的有机物质，并促进 SOC 在底土（B 地层）中的长期储存。
{"title":"Storage and persistence of organic carbon in the upper three meters of soil under arable and native prairie land use","authors":"Christopher O. Anuo, Lidong Li, Kimber C. Moreland, Karis J. McFarlane, Arindam Malakar, Jennifer A. Cooper, Bijesh Maharjan, Michael Kaiser","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06850-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06850-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Land use change from native grasslands to arable lands globally impacts soil ecosystem functions, including the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC). Understanding the factors affecting SOC changes in topsoil and subsoil due to land use is crucial for effective mitigation strategies. We determined SOC storage and persistence as affected by land use change from native prairies to arable lands.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We examined SOC stocks, soil δ<sup>13</sup>C and ∆<sup>14</sup>C signatures, microbial communities (bacteria and fungi), and soil mineral characteristics under native prairies and long-term arable lands (i.e., > 40 years) down to 3 m in the U.S. Midwest.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Native prairie soils had higher SOC stocks in the A horizon and 0–50 cm depth increment than arable soils. For both land use types, the δ<sup>13</sup>C and ∆<sup>14</sup>C values significantly decreased with depth, with the latter pointing towards highly stabilized SOC, especially in the B- and C-horizons. Analysis of the microbial communities indicated that the diversity of bacteria and fungi decreased with increasing soil depth. The content of oxalate soluble Al appeared to be the single most important predictor of SOC across horizons and land use types.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our data suggest that most SOC gains and losses and transformation and translocation processes seem to be restricted to the uppermost 50 cm. Increasing SOC retention in the A and B horizons within the 0–50 cm depth would enhance organic material serving as substrate and nutrients for microbes and plants (A horizon) and facilitate long-term SOC storage in the subsoil (B horizon).</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141755355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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