Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07183-8
Cheng Ding, Xiaoyun Qi, Suhui Hou, Wenge Hu
Aims
Soil microorganisms have a direct impact on both soil and plant health. This study aimed to investigate the diversity, composition, and ecological functions of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Karelinia caspia (KC) and Haloxylon ammodendron (HA) in the Ebinur Lake wetland. The focus was on understanding microbial responses to environmental factors and the interactions shaping soil ecosystem stability.
Methods
Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS genes. Soil physicochemical properties were measured to assess environmental influences. Co-occurrence networks were constructed to identify key taxa and their interactions, and redundancy analysis was applied to elucidate relationships between microbial communities and environmental variables.
Results
Dominant bacterial phyla in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria, while the dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota. Rhizosphere soils exhibited higher microbial diversity and network complexity than non-rhizosphere soils. Total potassium, Available potassium and electrical conductivity were the main environmental factors shaping rhizosphere microbial communities, while Total nitrogen, Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen played a more significant role in non-rhizosphere soils. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed distinct patterns, with rhizosphere networks demonstrating greater complexity and non-rhizosphere networks showing higher stability.
Conclusions
This study underscores the adaptability of microbial communities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under saline-alkaline conditions, highlighting the roles of plant types and environmental factors in shaping community structure. These findings offer vital insights into the role of microbial diversity in maintaining ecosystem stability and lay a foundation for developing effective wetland conservation strategies.
{"title":"Microbial community structure and environmental adaptation in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of halophytic plants in the Ebinur Lake wetland","authors":"Cheng Ding, Xiaoyun Qi, Suhui Hou, Wenge Hu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07183-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07183-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Soil microorganisms have a direct impact on both soil and plant health. This study aimed to investigate the diversity, composition, and ecological functions of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of <i>Karelinia caspia</i> (KC) and <i>Haloxylon ammodendron</i> (HA) in the Ebinur Lake wetland. The focus was on understanding microbial responses to environmental factors and the interactions shaping soil ecosystem stability.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS genes. Soil physicochemical properties were measured to assess environmental influences. Co-occurrence networks were constructed to identify key taxa and their interactions, and redundancy analysis was applied to elucidate relationships between microbial communities and environmental variables.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Dominant bacterial phyla in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria, while the dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota. Rhizosphere soils exhibited higher microbial diversity and network complexity than non-rhizosphere soils. Total potassium, Available potassium and electrical conductivity were the main environmental factors shaping rhizosphere microbial communities, while Total nitrogen, Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen played a more significant role in non-rhizosphere soils. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed distinct patterns, with rhizosphere networks demonstrating greater complexity and non-rhizosphere networks showing higher stability.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study underscores the adaptability of microbial communities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under saline-alkaline conditions, highlighting the roles of plant types and environmental factors in shaping community structure. These findings offer vital insights into the role of microbial diversity in maintaining ecosystem stability and lay a foundation for developing effective wetland conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants influence soil microbial communities through aboveground litter and root inputs. However, studies on the effects of various plant carbon inputs on soil microbial communities in grassland ecosystems are limited.
Methods
We characterized bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantified the amoA gene via real-time PCR. We assessed the impacts of different carbon inputs (litter addition, litter removal, plant removal, and their interactions) on soil bacterial community structure, composition, nitrogen cycle functions, co-occurrence networks and assembly in a temperate grassland ecosystem following over a decade of experimental manipulations.
Results
Plant removal significantly affected soil total carbon content and the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen content. The impact of plant removal was stronger than that of litter changes, significantly influencing bacterial community structure. Compared to ammonia-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria dominated semi-arid grassland communities, and plant removal inhibited potential denitrification and nitrogen fixation groups. Notably, plant removal increased the complexity but reduced the stability of bacterial co-occurrence networks. It also enhanced deterministic processes and decreased the relative contribution of stochastic processes in bacterial communities.
Conclusions
This study elucidates the effects of various carbon input patterns on soil bacterial communities, highlighting their importance for comprehensively understanding the stability of these communities and their role in nitrogen cycling in temperate grasslands amid global change.
{"title":"Impact of plant carbon inputs on soil bacterial communities and nitrogen cycle functions in temperate steppe","authors":"Yaxuan Cui, Feirong Ren, Yipu Wu, Hao Liu, Zhongjie Sun, Yuzhe Wang, Hayley Peter-Contesse, Shijie Han, Shiqiang Wan, Junqiang Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07189-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07189-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Plants influence soil microbial communities through aboveground litter and root inputs. However, studies on the effects of various plant carbon inputs on soil microbial communities in grassland ecosystems are limited.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We characterized bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantified the <i>amoA</i> gene via real-time PCR. We assessed the impacts of different carbon inputs (litter addition, litter removal, plant removal, and their interactions) on soil bacterial community structure, composition, nitrogen cycle functions, co-occurrence networks and assembly in a temperate grassland ecosystem following over a decade of experimental manipulations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Plant removal significantly affected soil total carbon content and the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen content. The impact of plant removal was stronger than that of litter changes, significantly influencing bacterial community structure. Compared to ammonia-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria dominated semi-arid grassland communities, and plant removal inhibited potential denitrification and nitrogen fixation groups. Notably, plant removal increased the complexity but reduced the stability of bacterial co-occurrence networks. It also enhanced deterministic processes and decreased the relative contribution of stochastic processes in bacterial communities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study elucidates the effects of various carbon input patterns on soil bacterial communities, highlighting their importance for comprehensively understanding the stability of these communities and their role in nitrogen cycling in temperate grasslands amid global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07158-9
Niedja Bezerra Costa, Gustavo de Andrade Bezerra, Moemy Gomes de Moraes, Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi, Maria da Conceição Santana Carvalho, Rahul A. Bhosale, Adriano Pereira de Castro, Anna Cristina Lanna
Background and aims
Limited water and phosphorus availability are major challenges in upland rice production. Plant–microbe interactions, especially with beneficial bacteria, have shown promise in mitigating these stresses. This study investigated the influence of microbial inoculants with hydration-promoting and phosphorus-solubilizing abilities on upland rice yield under drought and phosphorus deficiency.
Methods
Upland rice (BRS Esmeralda) plants were grown in a greenhouse with different water availability conditions (well-watered and drought), phosphorus levels (normal 200 mg dm−3 and low 20 mg dm−3), and microbial treatments (no-microorganisms and single isolates, Serratia marcescens strains BRM 32114 and BRM 63523, and combined isolates Bacillus toyonensis BRM 32110 + BRM 32114 and BRM 63523 + BRM 32114). Root and shoot traits, as well as production components, were analyzed.
Results
While the microbial treatments affected the roots, the larger effects were seen in the shoot rice plants. When both water and phosphorus were limited, grain yield decreased significantly. However, plants inoculated with beneficial bacteria showed a substantial increase in grain yield (average of 39.5% in 2019/2020 and 18.8% in 2020/2021) compared to uninoculated plants under combined stresses. This increase was especially pronounced in plants treated with BRM 63523 (strain) alone or combined with BRM 32114 (strain). These inoculated plants also showed improved photosynthetic activity (average increase of 24.6%), which may have contributed to the higher grain yield.
Conclusions
Inoculating upland rice with specific Serratia strains effectively increased shoot and root traits under combined water and phosphorous stresses. These findings highlight the potential of plant–microbe interactions for sustainable upland rice production.
{"title":"Beneficial bacteria mitigate combined water and phosphorus deficit effects on upland rice","authors":"Niedja Bezerra Costa, Gustavo de Andrade Bezerra, Moemy Gomes de Moraes, Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi, Maria da Conceição Santana Carvalho, Rahul A. Bhosale, Adriano Pereira de Castro, Anna Cristina Lanna","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07158-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07158-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Limited water and phosphorus availability are major challenges in upland rice production. Plant–microbe interactions, especially with beneficial bacteria, have shown promise in mitigating these stresses. This study investigated the influence of microbial inoculants with hydration-promoting and phosphorus-solubilizing abilities on upland rice yield under drought and phosphorus deficiency.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Upland rice (BRS Esmeralda) plants were grown in a greenhouse with different water availability conditions (well-watered and drought), phosphorus levels (normal 200 mg dm<sup>−3</sup> and low 20 mg dm<sup>−3</sup>), and microbial treatments (no-microorganisms and single isolates, <i>Serratia marcescens</i> strains BRM 32114 and BRM 63523, and combined isolates <i>Bacillus toyonensis</i> BRM 32110 + BRM 32114 and BRM 63523 + BRM 32114). Root and shoot traits, as well as production components, were analyzed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>While the microbial treatments affected the roots, the larger effects were seen in the shoot rice plants. When both water and phosphorus were limited, grain yield decreased significantly. However, plants inoculated with beneficial bacteria showed a substantial increase in grain yield (average of 39.5% in 2019/2020 and 18.8% in 2020/2021) compared to uninoculated plants under combined stresses. This increase was especially pronounced in plants treated with BRM 63523 (strain) alone or combined with BRM 32114 (strain). These inoculated plants also showed improved photosynthetic activity (average increase of 24.6%), which may have contributed to the higher grain yield.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Inoculating upland rice with specific <i>Serratia</i> strains effectively increased shoot and root traits under combined water and phosphorous stresses. These findings highlight the potential of plant–microbe interactions for sustainable upland rice production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07157-w
Rajeev Sikka, Anu Kalia, Radha Ahuja, Simranpreet Kaur Sidhu, P. Chaitra
Background and aims
Conventional nitrogen (N) fertilizers are prone to losses through leaching, volatilization, and denitrification, leading to low N-use efficiency (NUE). This study evaluates a new urea nano-formulation of IFFCO (Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited) as a potential substitute for commercial urea and its effects on rice and wheat performance.
Methods
A two-year field study evaluated the impact of two foliar sprays of IFFCO nano-urea (4 ml/l) in combination with 0% and 50% recommended doses of N-fertilizer (RDN) on the performance of rice and wheat grown in rotation. Agronomic parameters were measured every 30 days, and grain yield was recorded at harvest.
Results
The application of two sprays of nano urea + 50% RDN significantly reduced the grain yield of rice and wheat by 13 and 17.2%, respectively, compared with 100% RDN application to soil. Additionally, chlorophyll content (SPAD), dry matter accumulation, tiller density, root growth, and macronutrient content decreased in both the test crops. The nano-urea + 50% RDN treatment exhibited 35% and 24% reduction in grain protein content in rice and wheat, respectively. The activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in rice leaves decreased by 28.6 and 94.4%, respectively, compared to100% RDN treatment.
Conclusion
Nano-urea in combination with 50% RDN did not improve nitrogen use efficiency as claimed. More research studies are required to establish the correct crop-specific agronomy of this formulation. Thus, the focus should be on improving existing nitrogen management strategies and research to refine nano-urea formulations for better performance under field conditions.
{"title":"Substitution of soil urea fertilization to foliar nano urea fertilization decreases growth and yield of rice and wheat","authors":"Rajeev Sikka, Anu Kalia, Radha Ahuja, Simranpreet Kaur Sidhu, P. Chaitra","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07157-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07157-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Conventional nitrogen (N) fertilizers are prone to losses through leaching, volatilization, and denitrification, leading to low N-use efficiency (NUE). This study evaluates a new urea nano-formulation of IFFCO (Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited) as a potential substitute for commercial urea and its effects on rice and wheat performance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A two-year field study evaluated the impact of two foliar sprays of IFFCO nano-urea (4 ml/l) in combination with 0% and 50% recommended doses of N-fertilizer (RDN) on the performance of rice and wheat grown in rotation. Agronomic parameters were measured every 30 days, and grain yield was recorded at harvest.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The application of two sprays of nano urea + 50% RDN significantly reduced the grain yield of rice and wheat by 13 and 17.2%, respectively, compared with 100% RDN application to soil. Additionally, chlorophyll content (SPAD), dry matter accumulation, tiller density, root growth, and macronutrient content decreased in both the test crops. The nano-urea + 50% RDN treatment exhibited 35% and 24% reduction in grain protein content in rice and wheat, respectively. The activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in rice leaves decreased by 28.6 and 94.4%, respectively, compared to100% RDN treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Nano-urea in combination with 50% RDN did not improve nitrogen use efficiency as claimed. More research studies are required to establish the correct crop-specific agronomy of this formulation. Thus, the focus should be on improving existing nitrogen management strategies and research to refine nano-urea formulations for better performance under field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"327 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07166-9
Jieru Guo, Xiangzhi Li, Runlai Xu, Chenghang Du, Xuechen Xiao, Kunhu Chen, Haoyue Chen, Yinghua Zhang, Zhimin Wang, Zhencai Sun
Background and aims
Wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a soil-borne disease that is caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum (Fg). Biochar is a soil amendment with the potential to suppress leaf and soil-borne diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microorganisms colonizing biochar on the occurrence of wheat FHB.
Methods
We explored the inhibitory effect of biochar extract on wheat FHB using field experiments and validated the colonization of airborne microorganisms on biochar via amplicon sequencing. In addition, the beneficial bacteria in the biochar extract were isolated, screened and validated using greenhouse pot experiments.
Results
We found that biochar extract inhibited wheat FHB by greater than 50% and increased the field yield by 6.37%. The microorganisms in the biochar extract inhibited Fg growth. Biochar adsorbed different airborne microorganisms, and the relative abundances of Bacillus and Pseudomonas gradually increased with increasing adsorption time. Of note, two Bacillus species and one Pseudomonas species isolated from biochar exerted antimicrobial effects through direct antagonism or the production of antifungal substances. Furthermore, the results of the pot experiments revealed that Bacillus S86 treatment was more effective against FHB in both the mixed and single-strain treatments.
Conclusions
In this study, we provide new evidence that biochar can adsorb beneficial airborne bacteria to control wheat FHB. The design of biochar-beneficial microbe mixtures to suppress targeted soil diseases is worthy of further investigation.
背景与目的小麦赤霉病（Fusarium head blight， FHB）是一种主要由小麦赤霉病（Fusarium graminearum, Fg）引起的土传疾病。生物炭是一种土壤改良剂，具有抑制叶片和土壤传播疾病的潜力。本研究旨在探讨微生物定殖生物炭对小麦赤霉病发生的影响。方法通过田间实验探讨生物炭提取物对小麦FHB的抑制作用，并通过扩增子测序验证空气微生物在生物炭上的定殖。此外，还对生物炭提取液中的有益菌进行了分离、筛选和温室盆栽试验验证。结果生物炭提取物对小麦FHB的抑制作用大于50%，田间产量提高6.37%。生物炭提取物中的微生物抑制了Fg的生长。生物炭吸附不同的空气微生物，随着吸附时间的延长，芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的相对丰度逐渐增加。值得注意的是，从生物炭中分离的两种芽孢杆菌和一种假单胞菌通过直接拮抗或产生抗真菌物质来发挥抗菌作用。此外，盆栽试验结果表明，无论是混合菌株还是单一菌株，芽孢杆菌S86处理对FHB的抑制效果都更好。结论本研究为生物炭吸附空气中有益菌防治小麦FHB提供了新的证据。设计生物炭-有益微生物混合物抑制目标土壤病害值得进一步研究。
{"title":"Biochar adsorbs beneficial airborne bacteria to inhibit wheat Fusarium head blight","authors":"Jieru Guo, Xiangzhi Li, Runlai Xu, Chenghang Du, Xuechen Xiao, Kunhu Chen, Haoyue Chen, Yinghua Zhang, Zhimin Wang, Zhencai Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07166-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07166-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Wheat <i>Fusarium</i> head blight (FHB) is a soil-borne disease that is caused mainly by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (<i>Fg</i>). Biochar is a soil amendment with the potential to suppress leaf and soil-borne diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microorganisms colonizing biochar on the occurrence of wheat FHB.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We explored the inhibitory effect of biochar extract on wheat FHB using field experiments and validated the colonization of airborne microorganisms on biochar via amplicon sequencing. In addition, the beneficial bacteria in the biochar extract were isolated, screened and validated using greenhouse pot experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that biochar extract inhibited wheat FHB by greater than 50% and increased the field yield by 6.37%. The microorganisms in the biochar extract inhibited <i>Fg</i> growth. Biochar adsorbed different airborne microorganisms, and the relative abundances of <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> gradually increased with increasing adsorption time. Of note, two <i>Bacillus</i> species and one <i>Pseudomonas</i> species isolated from biochar exerted antimicrobial effects through direct antagonism or the production of antifungal substances. Furthermore, the results of the pot experiments revealed that <i>Bacillus</i> S86 treatment was more effective against FHB in both the mixed and single-strain treatments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In this study, we provide new evidence that biochar can adsorb beneficial airborne bacteria to control wheat FHB. The design of biochar-beneficial microbe mixtures to suppress targeted soil diseases is worthy of further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07180-x
Nurcan Yavuz, Musa Seymen, Ünal Kal, Duran Yavuz, Songül Kal, Ertan Sait Kurtar, Banu Çiçek Arı, Önder Türkmen, Kubilay Kurtuluş Baştaş, Sinan Süheri
Aims
In this study, we investigated the activities of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) deaminase-secreting plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) in watermelon grafted onto different rootstocks exposed to water stress.
Methods
The effects of two PGPR species (P. aurescens-B1 and P. polychromogenes-B2) on yield, actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and CWSI values of the Crimson Tide (CT) watermelon cultivar grafted onto different rootstocks [A0, ungrafted; A1, CT grafted onto wild watermelon; A2, CT grafted onto hybrid TZ-148] were investigated for two years (2023 and 2024) under different water deficit conditions.
Results
While rhizobacteria did not significantly affect ETa in ungrafted plants, they increased ETa by about 30 mm in plants grafted on wild watermelon plants under severe water stress compared to their corresponding controls. The findings indicated that watermelon should be irrigated at CWSI values close to zero in semiarid areas to obtain maximum yield, and a 0.10 unit increase in the CWSI decreased fruit yield by about 10%. PGPRs significantly increased yield in plants grafted onto wild watermelon (A1) under stress-free (full irrigation), mild, and severe water stress conditions.
Conclusions
The yield response factor (ky) of the plants grafted on wild watermelon was less than 1.00, and the significant increase in WUE (water use efficiency) under water stress indicated that wild watermelon might be a drought-tolerant potential watermelon rootstock. Thus, the selection of appropriate rootstocks and PGPRs in water-limited environments is a key step in supporting sweet watermelons under water stress.
{"title":"Interactive effects of rootstock and rhizobacteria on fruit yield, evapotranspiration, and the crop water stress index (CWSI) in watermelon under water deficit stress","authors":"Nurcan Yavuz, Musa Seymen, Ünal Kal, Duran Yavuz, Songül Kal, Ertan Sait Kurtar, Banu Çiçek Arı, Önder Türkmen, Kubilay Kurtuluş Baştaş, Sinan Süheri","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07180-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07180-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>In this study, we investigated the activities of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) deaminase-secreting plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) in watermelon grafted onto different rootstocks exposed to water stress.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The effects of two PGPR species (<i>P. aurescens</i>-B<sub>1</sub> and <i>P. polychromogenes</i>-B<sub>2</sub>) on yield, actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and CWSI values of the Crimson Tide (CT) watermelon cultivar grafted onto different rootstocks [A<sub>0</sub>, ungrafted; A<sub>1</sub>, CT grafted onto wild watermelon; A<sub>2</sub>, CT grafted onto hybrid TZ-148] were investigated for two years (2023 and 2024) under different water deficit conditions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>While rhizobacteria did not significantly affect ETa in ungrafted plants, they increased ETa by about 30 mm in plants grafted on wild watermelon plants under severe water stress compared to their corresponding controls. The findings indicated that watermelon should be irrigated at CWSI values close to zero in semiarid areas to obtain maximum yield, and a 0.10 unit increase in the CWSI decreased fruit yield by about 10%. PGPRs significantly increased yield in plants grafted onto wild watermelon (A<sub>1</sub>) under stress-free (full irrigation), mild, and severe water stress conditions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The yield response factor (ky) of the plants grafted on wild watermelon was less than 1.00, and the significant increase in WUE (water use efficiency) under water stress indicated that wild watermelon might be a drought-tolerant potential watermelon rootstock. Thus, the selection of appropriate rootstocks and PGPRs in water-limited environments is a key step in supporting sweet watermelons under water stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) play crucial roles in plant growth regulation and induce systemic resistance. Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain PS3 exhibits significant plant growth-promoting effects on various plants. This study aimed to elucidate the roles and mechanisms by which R. palustris mVOCs promote the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and Chinese cabbage, and to explore their potential for biocontrol in Chinese cabbage.
Methods
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 and Chinese cabbage were cultivated to evaluate the plant growth-promoting traits and biocontrol activities of R. palustris mVOCs in both sterilized soil and natural soil. The compositions of mVOCs from PS3 and YSC3 strains were determined via GC‒MS, and the transcript levels in the plants and fungus were examined via RT‒qPCR.
Results
PS3 mVOCs remarkably promoted A. thaliana growth, increasing fresh weight, root length, and lateral root numbers, while YSC3 mVOCs only increased the number of lateral roots. The most effective PS3 mVOCs were identified as nonadecane, hexadecane, and ethyl acetate, and nonadecane showed superior effects. PS3 mVOCs activated the expression of auxin-responsive genes (SAUR38 and EXP14) in A. thaliana. Additionally, treating Chinese cabbage with PS3 mVOCs not only promoted its growth but also helped suppress leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that PS3 mVOCs promote plant growth by influencing auxin-responsive genes to stimulate root development. It also inhibits fungal pathogens by suppressing melanin synthesis, reducing foliar diseases in leafy vegetables. These results suggest that PS3 mVOCs could serve as an effective biostimulant and biocontrol agent for improving crop health in sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Beneficial effects of microbial volatile organic compounds derived from Rhodopseudomonas palustris on plant growth and biological control","authors":"Wen-Xuan Zhao, Hieng-Ming Ting, Yuan-Yun Zhang, Sook-Kuan Lee, Chun-Neng Wang, Chi-Te Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07182-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07182-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) play crucial roles in plant growth regulation and induce systemic resistance. <i>Rhodopseudomonas palustris</i> strain PS3 exhibits significant plant growth-promoting effects on various plants. This study aimed to elucidate the roles and mechanisms by which <i>R. palustris</i> mVOCs promote the growth of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and Chinese cabbage, and to explore their potential for biocontrol in Chinese cabbage.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p><i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Col-0 and Chinese cabbage were cultivated to evaluate the plant growth-promoting traits and biocontrol activities of <i>R. palustris</i> mVOCs in both sterilized soil and natural soil. The compositions of mVOCs from PS3 and YSC3 strains were determined via GC‒MS, and the transcript levels in the plants and fungus were examined via RT‒qPCR.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>PS3 mVOCs remarkably promoted <i>A. thaliana</i> growth, increasing fresh weight, root length, and lateral root numbers, while YSC3 mVOCs only increased the number of lateral roots. The most effective PS3 mVOCs were identified as nonadecane, hexadecane, and ethyl acetate, and nonadecane showed superior effects. PS3 mVOCs activated the expression of auxin-responsive genes (<i>SAUR38</i> and <i>EXP14</i>) in <i>A. thaliana</i>. Additionally, treating Chinese cabbage with PS3 mVOCs not only promoted its growth but also helped suppress leaf spot disease caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that PS3 mVOCs promote plant growth by influencing auxin-responsive genes to stimulate root development. It also inhibits fungal pathogens by suppressing melanin synthesis, reducing foliar diseases in leafy vegetables. These results suggest that PS3 mVOCs could serve as an effective biostimulant and biocontrol agent for improving crop health in sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07105-8
Zhenkai Qin, Yanxia Nie, Angang Ming, Kun Yang, Huilin Min, Hui Wei, Weijun Shen
Background and aims
Afforestation or reforestation with mixed tree species is a promising strategy for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. However, whether soil organic carbon (SOC) stability in mixed-species forests (MF) is higher than that of monoculture forests (PF) is unclear.
Methods
The origin and stability of SOC were investigated using soil samples (1 m in depth) obtained from 12 pairs of monoculture and polyculture plots, which included four age classes.
Results
We found that the contents of SOC and its components were higher in mixed-species forests than in monoculture forests, particularly in the 0–40 cm soil layer and middle-aged (33–45 years) PF. In middle-aged forests, the MF had a smaller percentage of microbial-derived C and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) to total SOC ratio than those of PF. However, the ratio of MAOC to total SOC in the MF was considerably higher than that in old-aged PF (62 years), indicating that transforming old-aged PF into MF aids SOC stabilization. Mineral protection played a major role in influencing the accumulation of plant-derived C, microbial-derived C, and SOC fractions in the PF, whereas total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen played a dominant role in the MF.
Conclusion
This study provides new evidence that transforming single-species monocultures into mixed-species polycultures is beneficial for the accumulation and stabilization of SOC in subtropical forests and highlights that these effects depend on the influence of forest age and soil depth on organic carbon fractions.
{"title":"Tree species mixing promotes surface soil organic carbon accumulation in mid-age and stability in old-growth forests","authors":"Zhenkai Qin, Yanxia Nie, Angang Ming, Kun Yang, Huilin Min, Hui Wei, Weijun Shen","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07105-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07105-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Afforestation or reforestation with mixed tree species is a promising strategy for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. However, whether soil organic carbon (SOC) stability in mixed-species forests (MF) is higher than that of monoculture forests (PF) is unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The origin and stability of SOC were investigated using soil samples (1 m in depth) obtained from 12 pairs of monoculture and polyculture plots, which included four age classes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that the contents of SOC and its components were higher in mixed-species forests than in monoculture forests, particularly in the 0–40 cm soil layer and middle-aged (33–45 years) PF. In middle-aged forests, the MF had a smaller percentage of microbial-derived C and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) to total SOC ratio than those of PF. However, the ratio of MAOC to total SOC in the MF was considerably higher than that in old-aged PF (62 years), indicating that transforming old-aged PF into MF aids SOC stabilization. Mineral protection played a major role in influencing the accumulation of plant-derived C, microbial-derived C, and SOC fractions in the PF, whereas total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen played a dominant role in the MF.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides new evidence that transforming single-species monocultures into mixed-species polycultures is beneficial for the accumulation and stabilization of SOC in subtropical forests and highlights that these effects depend on the influence of forest age and soil depth on organic carbon fractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07169-6
Shumiao Jiang, Dong Xue, Wei Feng, Kaihua Wang, Su Wang, Tenglong Wang, Min Lv, Yujie Han, Yanyan Lv, Anyong Hu, Jinbiao Li
Aims
Fertilization significantly impacts soil chemical and microbial properties, ultimately influencing soil productivity and crop yield. However, the effects of long-term (40 years) fertilization strategies on soil microbial communities in crop-rotation systems are not well understood.
Methods
This study examines changes in soil chemical properties, microbial communities, and faba bean yield under different chemical and organic fertilization treatments. Nine treatments were tested: a control (CK), nitrogen alone (N), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), nitrogen and potassium (NK), NPK, organic fertilizer (M), MN, MNP, and MNPK.
Results
Results showed that organic fertilizer treatments significantly enhanced soil organic matter, nutrient content, and faba bean yield. The increase in soil fertility and faba bean yield was positively correlated with bacterial and fungal alpha diversity. Different fertilization practices also altered microbial community composition, forming three distinct groups: CK and chemical fertilization treatments were clustered closer, while organic fertilizer-added treatments were obviously separated from them. Soil total carbon and nitrogen, organic matter and available phosphorus were key factors influencing microbial community structures. Four keystones were identified: g_MND1, o_Rokubacteriales, g_UTCFX1, and f_SC-I-84, all of which belong to bacteria, playing a crucial role in soil carbon and nitrogen transformation.
Conclusions
This study highlights the prominent role of organic fertilizer in enhancing soil fertility, crop yield and microbial diversity, contributing to the productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.
{"title":"Long-term organic fertilization alters soil microbial community structure and its influence on faba bean production in a six-crop rotation system","authors":"Shumiao Jiang, Dong Xue, Wei Feng, Kaihua Wang, Su Wang, Tenglong Wang, Min Lv, Yujie Han, Yanyan Lv, Anyong Hu, Jinbiao Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07169-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07169-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Fertilization significantly impacts soil chemical and microbial properties, ultimately influencing soil productivity and crop yield. However, the effects of long-term (40 years) fertilization strategies on soil microbial communities in crop-rotation systems are not well understood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study examines changes in soil chemical properties, microbial communities, and faba bean yield under different chemical and organic fertilization treatments. Nine treatments were tested: a control (CK), nitrogen alone (N), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), nitrogen and potassium (NK), NPK, organic fertilizer (M), MN, MNP, and MNPK.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results showed that organic fertilizer treatments significantly enhanced soil organic matter, nutrient content, and faba bean yield. The increase in soil fertility and faba bean yield was positively correlated with bacterial and fungal alpha diversity. Different fertilization practices also altered microbial community composition, forming three distinct groups: CK and chemical fertilization treatments were clustered closer, while organic fertilizer-added treatments were obviously separated from them. Soil total carbon and nitrogen, organic matter and available phosphorus were key factors influencing microbial community structures. Four keystones were identified: <i>g_MND1</i>, o_Rokubacteriales, <i>g_UTCFX1</i>, and f_SC-I-84, all of which belong to bacteria, playing a crucial role in soil carbon and nitrogen transformation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study highlights the prominent role of organic fertilizer in enhancing soil fertility, crop yield and microbial diversity, contributing to the productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07161-0
Daniela Minerdi, Paolo Sabbatini
{"title":"Intricate Russian dolls relationships between plants, fungi and bacteria","authors":"Daniela Minerdi, Paolo Sabbatini","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07161-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07161-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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