This study aimed to assess the impact of exogenous melatonin on the expression of key genes in the taxol biosynthesis pathway (DBAT and TXS) and on taxol accumulation in Taxus baccata L. plants under different drought stress conditions. The research sought to determine how melatonin could modulate biochemical pathways to enhance plant resilience and secondary metabolite synthesis under stress.
Methods
The research was structured as a factorial experiment using a randomized complete design, with melatonin treatments at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, and 300 µM and drought stress levels corresponding to 100, 80, 60, and 40% field capacity. The primary endpoints analyzed were gene expression, taxol accumulation, plant growth parameters, and secondary metabolite production.
Results
The administration of 100 µM melatonin under mild drought conditions (80% FC) significantly enhanced the expression of the DBAT and TXS genes and resulted in the highest taxol production (1.93 mg g-1). Higher concentrations of melatonin (200 µM) were most effective in improving plant physiological traits including shoot and root biomass, height, and total chlorophyll content. Enhanced synthesis of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was particularly evident under moderate drought stress (60% FC) with melatonin treatments, underscoring an improved antioxidant capability.
Conclusions
Melatonin significantly improves drought resilience and stimulates the biosynthesis of taxol in Taxus baccata. These findings support the potential of melatonin in agricultural applications to boost plant growth, enhance stress tolerance, and increase the production of economically important secondary metabolites.
{"title":"Biochemical responses and dynamics of the taxol biosynthesis pathway genes in Taxus baccata L. plants sprayed with melatonin under drought stress","authors":"Farnoosh Shahmohammadi, Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi, Mohsen Farhadpour, Sepideh Kalateh Jari, Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06890-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06890-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the impact of exogenous melatonin on the expression of key genes in the taxol biosynthesis pathway (<i>DBAT</i> and <i>TXS</i>) and on taxol accumulation in <i>Taxus baccata</i> L. plants under different drought stress conditions. The research sought to determine how melatonin could modulate biochemical pathways to enhance plant resilience and secondary metabolite synthesis under stress.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The research was structured as a factorial experiment using a randomized complete design, with melatonin treatments at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, and 300 µM and drought stress levels corresponding to 100, 80, 60, and 40% field capacity. The primary endpoints analyzed were gene expression, taxol accumulation, plant growth parameters, and secondary metabolite production.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The administration of 100 µM melatonin under mild drought conditions (80% FC) significantly enhanced the expression of the <i>DBAT</i> and <i>TXS</i> genes and resulted in the highest taxol production (1.93 mg g-1). Higher concentrations of melatonin (200 µM) were most effective in improving plant physiological traits including shoot and root biomass, height, and total chlorophyll content. Enhanced synthesis of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was particularly evident under moderate drought stress (60% FC) with melatonin treatments, underscoring an improved antioxidant capability.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Melatonin significantly improves drought resilience and stimulates the biosynthesis of taxol in <i>Taxus baccata</i>. These findings support the potential of melatonin in agricultural applications to boost plant growth, enhance stress tolerance, and increase the production of economically important secondary metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06864-8
Qingxu Ma, Ruiqi Yao, Xiu Liu, Sheng Tang, Wankun Pan, Jingjie Zhou, Lianghuan Wu, Davey L. Jones
Background
Sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys), are important components of soil-soluble organic S and N. The effects of elemental availability and microbial density (soil or soil solution) on amino acid decomposition remain unclear.
Methods
We traced the decomposition and utilization of Met and Cys by microorganisms in soil and soil solutions using 14C, 15N, and 35S labelling. Further, how microbial keep its stoichiometric homeostasis after uptake Cys and Met under various element availability was also explored.
Results
Low concentrations of Met and Cys (50 µM) can be decomposed by microorganisms in both soil and soil solutions rapidly. In soil, Met and Cys undergo three steps: uptake into microorganisms (38.4% for Cys; 56.9% for Met at 2 min), the release of CO2, NH4+, and SO42−, and the re-utilization of inorganic ions. In the soil solution, the Met and Cys were also decomposed rapidly, while the produced inorganic ions were not utilized by microorganisms, which may be due to the limited amounts of microorganisms. The Cys and Met uptake process instantly occurred and was driven by microbial carbon demand in both soil and soil solution. The microbial N and S demand regulated the re-utilization process of released inorganic ions. Soil microbes balance their S, N, and C after uptake of Met and Cys, however, this balance was disturbed by high S addition, unlike additional C or N, which may be due to the lower demand of S.
Conclusions
Low-demand elements might regulate soil microbial stoichiometry balance, and a specific fertilization strategy that balanced the high- and low-demand elements can enhance nutrients use efficiency.
背景含硫氨基酸蛋氨酸（Met）和半胱氨酸（Cys）是土壤可溶性有机碳和有机氮的重要组成部分，但元素供应量和微生物密度（土壤或土壤溶液）对氨基酸分解的影响仍不清楚。结果低浓度的 Met 和 Cys（50 µM）可被土壤和土壤溶液中的微生物快速分解。在土壤中，Met 和 Cys 经历了三个步骤：被微生物吸收（2 分钟内 Cys 的吸收率为 38.4%；Met 的吸收率为 56.9%），释放出 CO2、NH4+ 和 SO42-，以及重新利用无机离子。在土壤溶液中，Met 和 Cys 也被迅速分解，而产生的无机离子未被微生物利用，这可能是由于微生物数量有限。Cys 和 Met 的吸收过程是瞬间发生的，由土壤和土壤溶液中微生物的碳需求驱动。微生物对氮和硫的需求调节着释放出的无机离子的再利用过程。土壤微生物在吸收 Met 和 Cys 后会平衡其 S、N 和 C，然而，这种平衡会受到高 S 添加量的干扰，而不像额外的 C 或 N，这可能是由于 S 的需求量较低。
{"title":"Effect of elements availability on the decomposition and utilization of S-containing amino acids by microorganisms in soil and soil solutions","authors":"Qingxu Ma, Ruiqi Yao, Xiu Liu, Sheng Tang, Wankun Pan, Jingjie Zhou, Lianghuan Wu, Davey L. Jones","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06864-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06864-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys), are important components of soil-soluble organic S and N. The effects of elemental availability and microbial density (soil or soil solution) on amino acid decomposition remain unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We traced the decomposition and utilization of Met and Cys by microorganisms in soil and soil solutions using <sup>14</sup>C, <sup>15</sup>N, and <sup>35</sup>S labelling. Further, how microbial keep its stoichiometric homeostasis after uptake Cys and Met under various element availability was also explored.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Low concentrations of Met and Cys (50 µM) can be decomposed by microorganisms in both soil and soil solutions rapidly. In soil, Met and Cys undergo three steps: uptake into microorganisms (38.4% for Cys; 56.9% for Met at 2 min), the release of CO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and the re-utilization of inorganic ions. In the soil solution, the Met and Cys were also decomposed rapidly, while the produced inorganic ions were not utilized by microorganisms, which may be due to the limited amounts of microorganisms. The Cys and Met uptake process instantly occurred and was driven by microbial carbon demand in both soil and soil solution. The microbial N and S demand regulated the re-utilization process of released inorganic ions. Soil microbes balance their S, N, and C after uptake of Met and Cys, however, this balance was disturbed by high S addition, unlike additional C or N, which may be due to the lower demand of S.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Low-demand elements might regulate soil microbial stoichiometry balance, and a specific fertilization strategy that balanced the high- and low-demand elements can enhance nutrients use efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06869-3
Markus K. Zaplata, Sabine Schümberg, Giora J. Kidron, Jessica Ramm, Maik Veste
Background and aims
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) co-occur with vascular plants in many ecosystems. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the interaction among BSCs and vascular plants, and no standard methods exist aiming to evaluate BSC–plant interactions. While some reports emphasized the inhibition effect of BSCs on germination, others reported the opposite or did not find any differences between germination under crusted and non-crusted conditions. Contradictory findings were also reported regarding the BSC effects on vascular plants after germination, with some reports claiming that BSCs promote growth, while others claim the opposite.
Methods
By a seed addition experiment (using light and heavy seeds of three species belonging to the Fabaceae family) in an early-successional system in Germany, we tested in situ the emergence of seedlings under variable surface conditions (cyanobacterial crust, disturbed and removed crust), and quantified crust-plant interactions (survival, flowering) during and following seedling emergence.
Results
In comparison to an average of 8% of the light Lotus corniculatus and 20% of the light Ornithopus sativus that emerged through the cyanobacterial BSC, 76% of the heavy Glycine max emerged. Once emerged, the crust did not significantly affect the survival, growth, biomass, or flowering of G. max, whereas many of the seedlings from lightweight seeds dried up soon after emergence. The thickness of the cyanobacterial biocrust had no influence on Fabaceae emergence.
Conclusion
The cyanobacterial BSC acted as a filter that hindered the emergence of the lightweight seeds.
{"title":"Impacts of cyanobacteria-dominated biological soil crusts on seedling emergence and fate: an in situ experiment","authors":"Markus K. Zaplata, Sabine Schümberg, Giora J. Kidron, Jessica Ramm, Maik Veste","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06869-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06869-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Biological soil crusts (BSCs) co-occur with vascular plants in many ecosystems. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the interaction among BSCs and vascular plants, and no standard methods exist aiming to evaluate BSC–plant interactions. While some reports emphasized the inhibition effect of BSCs on germination, others reported the opposite or did not find any differences between germination under crusted and non-crusted conditions. Contradictory findings were also reported regarding the BSC effects on vascular plants after germination, with some reports claiming that BSCs promote growth, while others claim the opposite.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>By a seed addition experiment (using light and heavy seeds of three species belonging to the Fabaceae family) in an early-successional system in Germany, we tested in situ the emergence of seedlings under variable surface conditions (cyanobacterial crust, disturbed and removed crust), and quantified crust-plant interactions (survival, flowering) during and following seedling emergence.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In comparison to an average of 8% of the light <i>Lotus corniculatus</i> and 20% of the light <i>Ornithopus sativus</i> that emerged through the cyanobacterial BSC, 76% of the heavy <i>Glycine max</i> emerged. Once emerged, the crust did not significantly affect the survival, growth, biomass, or flowering of <i>G. max</i>, whereas many of the seedlings from lightweight seeds dried up soon after emergence. The thickness of the cyanobacterial biocrust had no influence on Fabaceae emergence.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The cyanobacterial BSC acted as a filter that hindered the emergence of the lightweight seeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-grade potassium (K) bearing minerals like waste mica and K-rich crop residues can be explored as an alternative K source. However, waste mica's low available K limits its efficacy. This study aims to use waste mica with a native K solubilizing bacteria (KSB) isolated from Alfisols near mica mines along with rice residue to enhance K availability in a K deficient Alfisol.
Methods
A novel KSB (JHKSB4), identified as Acinetobacter sp was isolated from soils of mica mining areas in Jharkhand, India. An incubation and pot experiment were conducted using JHKSB4, waste mica and rice residue in a K-deficient Alfisol to assess the release of K fractions and K recovery percentage.
Results
Incubation study revealed that waste mica with JHKSB4 and rice residue significantly increased the water-soluble K and exchangeable K contents in soil over mica alone. Pot experiment revealed that combination of mica, JHKSB4 and rice residue could increase 43-61% K uptake by wheat over control but could not exceed the impact of muriate of potash (MOP). Residual impact of this treatment was also observed on K recovery in rice crop. The changes in surface morphology of mica through scanning electron microscopy indicated dissolution of waste mica due to action of JHKSB4 and rice residue.
Conclusions
This study established the potential of waste mica treated with JHKSB4 and rice residue as a supplementary K-source for crops. It recorded a K recovery of about 33% of that achieved with MOP. Thus, use of biologically treated waste mica could be a gamechanger in the realm of sustainable K management by partially replacing MOP.
{"title":"Exploring waste mica as an alternative potassium source using a novel potassium solubilizing bacterium and rice residue in K deficient Alfisol","authors":"Khushboo Rani, Dipak Ranjan Biswas, Biraj Bandhu Basak, Ranjan Bhattacharyya, Sunanda Biswas, Tapas Kumar Das, Kali Kinkar Bandyopadhyay, Rajeev Kaushik, Abinash Das, Jyoti Kumar Thakur, Binay Kumar Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06879-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06879-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Low-grade potassium (K) bearing minerals like waste mica and K-rich crop residues can be explored as an alternative K source. However, waste mica's low available K limits its efficacy. This study aims to use waste mica with a native K solubilizing bacteria (KSB) isolated from Alfisols near mica mines along with rice residue to enhance K availability in a K deficient Alfisol.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A novel KSB (JHKSB4), identified as <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp was isolated from soils of mica mining areas in Jharkhand, India. An incubation and pot experiment were conducted using JHKSB4, waste mica and rice residue in a K-deficient Alfisol to assess the release of K fractions and K recovery percentage.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Incubation study revealed that waste mica with JHKSB4 and rice residue significantly increased the water-soluble K and exchangeable K contents in soil over mica alone. Pot experiment revealed that combination of mica, JHKSB4 and rice residue could increase 43-61% K uptake by wheat over control but could not exceed the impact of muriate of potash (MOP). Residual impact of this treatment was also observed on K recovery in rice crop. The changes in surface morphology of mica through scanning electron microscopy indicated dissolution of waste mica due to action of JHKSB4 and rice residue.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study established the potential of waste mica treated with JHKSB4 and rice residue as a supplementary K-source for crops. It recorded a K recovery of about 33% of that achieved with MOP. Thus, use of biologically treated waste mica could be a gamechanger in the realm of sustainable K management by partially replacing MOP.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06866-6
Shima Ataei, Mehdi Momeni, Amirhassan Monadjemi
Aims
Land surface emissivity (LSE) is an important variable in soil studies. Although there are various remote sensing methods to estimate LSE, accurately predicting LSE still remains a major challenge. Typically, the correlation between LSE and the Visible Near Infrared bands is employed for LSE estimation. However, some studies have raised some concerns about this correlation, especially in bare soil areas. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further investigation to determine if there exists a nonlinear relationship between the LSE and other spectral bands, which was not detected by simple linear correlation/regression.
Methods
In this study, firstly, a deep Auto-encoder network has been used to investigate the correlation between LSE and other spectral bands. Subsequently, we have applied a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) to estimate the LSE. The proposed CGAN was trained using the Landsat and ECOSTRESS satellite datasets. The performance of the developed network was then compared with NDVI-based method on satellite/simulated-based bare soil pixels.
Results
For satellite data, the RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) and correlation coefficient (R) between the estimated LSE using proposed CGAN and ECOSTRESS LSE are 0.005 and 0.97, respectively. For the simulated data, the RMSE and R between the estimated LSE and the simulated one are 0.01 and 0.92, respectively.
Conclusion
The results of the deep Auto-encoder show considerable relationship between the LSE and Short-Wave Infrared bands which not be seen using simple linear correlation. In cases of satellite/simulated data of bare soils, the developed network showed superior performance compared to NDVI-based method.
{"title":"SWIR based estimation of TIR emissivity of bare soil surfaces using deep conditional generative adversarial network in Landsat data","authors":"Shima Ataei, Mehdi Momeni, Amirhassan Monadjemi","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06866-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06866-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Land surface emissivity (LSE) is an important variable in soil studies. Although there are various remote sensing methods to estimate LSE, accurately predicting LSE still remains a major challenge. Typically, the correlation between LSE and the Visible Near Infrared bands is employed for LSE estimation. However, some studies have raised some concerns about this correlation, especially in bare soil areas. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further investigation to determine if there exists a nonlinear relationship between the LSE and other spectral bands, which was not detected by simple linear correlation/regression.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, firstly, a deep Auto-encoder network has been used to investigate the correlation between LSE and other spectral bands. Subsequently, we have applied a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) to estimate the LSE. The proposed CGAN was trained using the Landsat and ECOSTRESS satellite datasets. The performance of the developed network was then compared with NDVI-based method on satellite/simulated-based bare soil pixels.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>For satellite data, the RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) and correlation coefficient (R) between the estimated LSE using proposed CGAN and ECOSTRESS LSE are 0.005 and 0.97, respectively. For the simulated data, the RMSE and R between the estimated LSE and the simulated one are 0.01 and 0.92, respectively.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The results of the deep Auto-encoder show considerable relationship between the LSE and Short-Wave Infrared bands which not be seen using simple linear correlation. In cases of satellite/simulated data of bare soils, the developed network showed superior performance compared to NDVI-based method.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06880-8
Celia García-Díaz, José A. Siles, José Luis Moreno, Carlos García, Antonio Ruiz-Navarro, Felipe Bastida
Aims
Future phosphorus (P) fertilizer availability faces challenges due to limited phosphate rock mines and strict quality regulations regarding Cd contents in phosphate rock. In this study, conventional fertilization was partially substituted with meat bone meal (MBM), sludge (S), and the organo-mineral combination of S plus MBM (SMBM), in a wheat agroecosystem.
Methods
We investigated the impact of fertilization treatments and crop phenological stages on P availability, crop yield, and soil microbial responses. Analysis included enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and the composition of bacterial and fungal communities using metabarcoding. Additionally, we estimated functional genes related to the P cycle through qPCR. Crop yield and nutrient content in plants and soil were also determined.
Results
Replacing traditional fertilization with MBM and SMBM maintained crop yield at levels equivalent to conventional fertilization. S and SMBM produced 70% and 40% (respectively) more bioavailable P compared to conventional treatment (Trad). Significant differences between treatments in soil microbial biomass were observed in the flag leaf stage. S increased in 20% total soil microbial biomass compared to Trad. Crop phenology had a stronger impact on bacterial and fungal communities than fertilization treatments. The use of S enhanced microbial biomass and activity. Yield in both MBM and SMBM plots exhibited no statistically significant differences compared to traditional fertilization.
Conclusion
Organo-mineral fertilization emerges as a sustainable strategy for maintaining crop production while improving soil functionality. Our findings emphasize the primary influence of crop phenology on shaping soil microbial communities and influencing microbial biomass and functionality.
{"title":"Phenological stages of wheat modulate effects of phosphorus fertilization in plant-soil microbial interactions","authors":"Celia García-Díaz, José A. Siles, José Luis Moreno, Carlos García, Antonio Ruiz-Navarro, Felipe Bastida","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06880-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06880-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Future phosphorus (P) fertilizer availability faces challenges due to limited phosphate rock mines and strict quality regulations regarding Cd contents in phosphate rock. In this study, conventional fertilization was partially substituted with meat bone meal (MBM), sludge (S), and the organo-mineral combination of S plus MBM (SMBM), in a wheat agroecosystem.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We investigated the impact of fertilization treatments and crop phenological stages on P availability, crop yield, and soil microbial responses. Analysis included enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and the composition of bacterial and fungal communities using metabarcoding. Additionally, we estimated functional genes related to the P cycle through qPCR. Crop yield and nutrient content in plants and soil were also determined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Replacing traditional fertilization with MBM and SMBM maintained crop yield at levels equivalent to conventional fertilization. S and SMBM produced 70% and 40% (respectively) more bioavailable P compared to conventional treatment (Trad). Significant differences between treatments in soil microbial biomass were observed in the flag leaf stage. S increased in 20% total soil microbial biomass compared to Trad. Crop phenology had a stronger impact on bacterial and fungal communities than fertilization treatments. The use of S enhanced microbial biomass and activity. Yield in both MBM and SMBM plots exhibited no statistically significant differences compared to traditional fertilization.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Organo-mineral fertilization emerges as a sustainable strategy for maintaining crop production while improving soil functionality. Our findings emphasize the primary influence of crop phenology on shaping soil microbial communities and influencing microbial biomass and functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06875-5
Yan Wang, Rebecca Ford, Xinhong Gan, Minzhe Zhou, Bin Ma, Fang Wang, Manyun Zhang
Aims
Plant yield, nitrate accumulation risk, and the potential pathogenic microorganism are critical parameters in evaluating soil fertility management. The nitrate content in the soil–plant system is substantially driven by soil abiotic properties and soil and endophytic microorganisms which are also potential resources of plant pathogenicity. This study aimed to quantify the effects of citric acid (CA), alone or with dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), on plant yield, nitrate accumulation risk and potential pathogenicity of soil–plant system.
Methods
Our study contained six treatments: (1) control without CA or nitrification inhibitor (CK); (2) sole DCD application treatment (DCT); (3) sole DMPP application treatment (DMT); (4) sole CA application treatment (CAT); (5) CA + DCD application treatment (CADCT) and (6) CA + DMPP application treatment (CADMT). The nitrate contents, plant yields, and bacterial communities in soil and plant samples were analyzed.
Results
The CA significantly reduced soil nitrate contents by 29.8%. Relative to sole CA application, extra nitrification inhibitor application significantly enhanced plant yields and decreased plant nitrate contents. The exclusive CA application could significantly stimulate the soil Actinobacteriota but reduce the soil pathogenicity, but extra nitrification inhibitors led to higher potential soil pathogenicity.
Conclusions
The single CA application could decrease nitrate accumulation risk and mitigating potential soil pathogenicity damage, while extra nitrification inhibitor application would intensify the performances of CA in decreasing plant nitrate accumulation but potentially enhancing the pathogenic. It deserves to emphasize the consideration of the tradeoffs among plant yield, nitrate accumulation risk, and potential pathogen risk when evaluating the effects of CA and nitrification inhibitors.
目的植物产量、硝酸盐积累风险和潜在病原微生物是评估土壤肥力管理的关键参数。土壤-植物系统中的硝酸盐含量主要受土壤非生物特性以及土壤和内生微生物的影响，而这些微生物也是植物致病的潜在资源。本研究旨在量化柠檬酸（CA）单独或与双氰胺（DCD）和 3，4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）一起使用对植物产量、硝酸盐积累风险和土壤-植物系统潜在致病性的影响：(研究包括六个处理：（1）不施用 CA 或硝化抑制剂的对照组（CK）；（2）单独施用 DCD 的处理（DCT）；（3）单独施用 DMPP 的处理（DMT）；（4）单独施用 CA 的处理（CAT）；（5）施用 CA + DCD 的处理（CADCT）；（6）施用 CA + DMPP 的处理（CADMT）。对土壤和植物样本中的硝酸盐含量、植物产量和细菌群落进行了分析。与单独施用 CA 相比，额外施用硝化抑制剂可显著提高植物产量并降低植物硝酸盐含量。结论单一施用 CA 可降低硝酸盐累积风险并减轻潜在的土壤致病性损害，而额外施用硝化抑制剂将增强 CA 在降低植物硝酸盐累积方面的性能，但有可能增强致病性。值得强调的是，在评估 CA 和硝化抑制剂的效果时，应考虑植物产量、硝酸盐积累风险和潜在病原风险之间的权衡。
{"title":"Tradeoffs among plant yield, nitrate accumulation risk, and potential pathogen: Effects of citric acid and nitrification inhibitors on soil–plant systems","authors":"Yan Wang, Rebecca Ford, Xinhong Gan, Minzhe Zhou, Bin Ma, Fang Wang, Manyun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06875-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06875-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Plant yield, nitrate accumulation risk, and the potential pathogenic microorganism are critical parameters in evaluating soil fertility management. The nitrate content in the soil–plant system is substantially driven by soil abiotic properties and soil and endophytic microorganisms which are also potential resources of plant pathogenicity. This study aimed to quantify the effects of citric acid (CA), alone or with dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), on plant yield, nitrate accumulation risk and potential pathogenicity of soil–plant system.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Our study contained six treatments: (1) control without CA or nitrification inhibitor (CK); (2) sole DCD application treatment (DCT); (3) sole DMPP application treatment (DMT); (4) sole CA application treatment (CAT); (5) CA + DCD application treatment (CADCT) and (6) CA + DMPP application treatment (CADMT). The nitrate contents, plant yields, and bacterial communities in soil and plant samples were analyzed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The CA significantly reduced soil nitrate contents by 29.8%. Relative to sole CA application, extra nitrification inhibitor application significantly enhanced plant yields and decreased plant nitrate contents. The exclusive CA application could significantly stimulate the soil <i>Actinobacteriota</i> but reduce the soil pathogenicity, but extra nitrification inhibitors led to higher potential soil pathogenicity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The single CA application could decrease nitrate accumulation risk and mitigating potential soil pathogenicity damage, while extra nitrification inhibitor application would intensify the performances of CA in decreasing plant nitrate accumulation but potentially enhancing the pathogenic. It deserves to emphasize the consideration of the tradeoffs among plant yield, nitrate accumulation risk, and potential pathogen risk when evaluating the effects of CA and nitrification inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06882-6
Natalia V. Zhukovskaya, Anna D. Kozhevnikova, Nina F. Lunkova, Tatiana Yu. Lykova, Alexander V. Kartashov, Victor B. Ivanov, Henk Schat, Ilya V. Seregin
Aims
This study aimed at revealing the mechanisms of zinc(Zn)-induced root growth inhibition in the Zn hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens and the excluder Microthlaspi perfoliatum to shed light on the intriguing question whether there is any selectivity in the Zn effects on root cell division and elongation.
Methods
Zinc effects on various parameters characterizing root cell division and elongation were studied. Total Zn uptake, accumulation, root-to-shoot translocation, and distribution over the root tip tissues as well as metal-induced oxidative stress were also assessed.
Results
Similar degrees of root growth inhibition were achieved when the Zn concentration in the medium and Zn content in the roots were 150 and 5 times higher, respectively, in the hyperaccumulator, compared to the excluder. Zinc accumulated in the cell walls and protoplasts in the root meristem and elongation zone. Although Zn negatively affected both root cell division and elongation, at a similar degree of root growth inhibition, the contribution of the inhibition of cell division was greater in N. caerulescens compared to M. perfoliatum, as the decrease in the meristem length, the number of meristematic cells in a file, and the mitotic index were more prominent in the hyperaccumulator.
Conclusions
Greater contribution of the inhibition of cell division in N. caerulescens compared to M. perfoliatum at a similar degree of root growth inhibition seemed to be partly determined by a stronger degree of oxidative stress and disturbance of mineral nutrition in the roots of the hyperaccumulator, owing to a much higher Zn accumulation.
目的 本研究旨在揭示锌高积累植物 Noccaea caerulescens 和排斥植物 Microthlaspi perfoliatum 中锌诱导根系生长抑制的机制，以揭示锌对根细胞分裂和伸长的影响是否具有选择性这一引人关注的问题。方法 研究了锌对表征根细胞分裂和伸长的各种参数的影响。方法 研究了锌对表征根细胞分裂和伸长的各种参数的影响，还评估了根尖组织对锌的总吸收、积累、根到芽的转运和分布以及金属诱导的氧化应激。锌在根分生组织和伸长区的细胞壁和原生质体中积累。虽然锌对根细胞分裂和伸长都有负面影响，但在根生长受抑制程度相似的情况下，N. caerulescens 对细胞分裂的抑制作用比 M. perfoliatum 更大，因为高积累植物的分生组织长度、分生组织细胞数量和有丝分裂指数的下降更为明显。结论在根系生长受到类似程度抑制的情况下，N. caerulescens 对细胞分裂的抑制作用比 M. perfoliatum 更大，部分原因似乎是由于锌的积累量更高，高积累植物根系的氧化应激和矿质营养紊乱程度更强。
{"title":"The mechanisms of zinc-induced root growth inhibition in the zinc hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens and the non-accumulator Microthlaspi perfoliatum","authors":"Natalia V. Zhukovskaya, Anna D. Kozhevnikova, Nina F. Lunkova, Tatiana Yu. Lykova, Alexander V. Kartashov, Victor B. Ivanov, Henk Schat, Ilya V. Seregin","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06882-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06882-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>This study aimed at revealing the mechanisms of zinc(Zn)-induced root growth inhibition in the Zn hyperaccumulator <i>Noccaea caerulescens</i> and the excluder <i>Microthlaspi perfoliatum</i> to shed light on the intriguing question whether there is any selectivity in the Zn effects on root cell division and elongation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Zinc effects on various parameters characterizing root cell division and elongation were studied. Total Zn uptake, accumulation, root-to-shoot translocation, and distribution over the root tip tissues as well as metal-induced oxidative stress were also assessed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Similar degrees of root growth inhibition were achieved when the Zn concentration in the medium and Zn content in the roots were 150 and 5 times higher, respectively, in the hyperaccumulator, compared to the excluder. Zinc accumulated in the cell walls and protoplasts in the root meristem and elongation zone. Although Zn negatively affected both root cell division and elongation, at a similar degree of root growth inhibition, the contribution of the inhibition of cell division was greater in <i>N. caerulescens</i> compared to <i>M. perfoliatum</i>, as the decrease in the meristem length, the number of meristematic cells in a file, and the mitotic index were more prominent in the hyperaccumulator.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Greater contribution of the inhibition of cell division in <i>N. caerulescens</i> compared to <i>M. perfoliatum</i> at a similar degree of root growth inhibition seemed to be partly determined by a stronger degree of oxidative stress and disturbance of mineral nutrition in the roots of the hyperaccumulator, owing to a much higher Zn accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06881-7
Hao Zhang, Na Jiang, Hui Wang, Siyu Zhang, Jianning Zhao, Hongmei Liu, Haifang Zhang, Dianlin Yang
Background and aims
Human activities have increased the input of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into terrestrial ecosystems since the industrial revolution. These activities are expected to increase aboveground biomass (AGB) and further affect plants and soil microbial communities. Plant–microbe interactions play a significant role in shaping microbial communities. However, how soil microbial community respond to change in plant communities after N and P addition remains unclear, particularly in temperate steppe ecosystems.
Methods
A 12-year factorial combination experiment of N and P addition was conducted in a temperate steppe ecosystem to evaluate soil microbiomes in relation to plant communities and soil characteristics.
Results
Long-term N addition shifted the dominance of plant community from multiple species to sole dominance by Leymus chinensis. N addition did not significantly affect microbial α-diversity. However, P addition led to significantly increased bacterial richness, while NP addition led to significantly decreased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal richness. Structural equation modeling indicated that available phosphorous (AP) significantly affected bacterial richness, while AP, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and AGB significantly influenced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal richness. Nutrient addition also significantly altered soil microbial community structures that can largely be explained by AGB and plant community compositions. Finally, network analysis revealed strong correlations between plant functional groups and dominant microbial taxa.
Conclusions
Microbial communities can be influenced by both N and P addition-induced changes in soil properties and plant communities. The significant associations between plant functional groups and dominant microbial taxa emphasize the important roles of plant-mediated effects on microbial communities after N and P addition.
{"title":"Importance of plant community composition and aboveground biomass in shaping microbial communities following long-term nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a temperate steppe ecosystem","authors":"Hao Zhang, Na Jiang, Hui Wang, Siyu Zhang, Jianning Zhao, Hongmei Liu, Haifang Zhang, Dianlin Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06881-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06881-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Human activities have increased the input of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into terrestrial ecosystems since the industrial revolution. These activities are expected to increase aboveground biomass (AGB) and further affect plants and soil microbial communities. Plant–microbe interactions play a significant role in shaping microbial communities. However, how soil microbial community respond to change in plant communities after N and P addition remains unclear, particularly in temperate steppe ecosystems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A 12-year factorial combination experiment of N and P addition was conducted in a temperate steppe ecosystem to evaluate soil microbiomes in relation to plant communities and soil characteristics.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Long-term N addition shifted the dominance of plant community from multiple species to sole dominance by <i>Leymus chinensis</i>. N addition did not significantly affect microbial α-diversity. However, P addition led to significantly increased bacterial richness, while NP addition led to significantly decreased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal richness. Structural equation modeling indicated that available phosphorous (AP) significantly affected bacterial richness, while AP, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and AGB significantly influenced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal richness. Nutrient addition also significantly altered soil microbial community structures that can largely be explained by AGB and plant community compositions. Finally, network analysis revealed strong correlations between plant functional groups and dominant microbial taxa.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Microbial communities can be influenced by both N and P addition-induced changes in soil properties and plant communities. The significant associations between plant functional groups and dominant microbial taxa emphasize the important roles of plant-mediated effects on microbial communities after N and P addition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06884-4
Jhumishree Meher, Srikanta Lenka, Umapathy Keerthana, Susheel N. Chaurasia, Ankita Sarkar, Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Aims
Climate change is affecting rainfall patterns causing intermittent drought stress to rainfed rice. It is poorly understood how intermittent drought impacts the blast of rice incited by Magnaporthe oryzae.
Methods
The impact of intermittent drought on virulence factors of Magnaporthe oryzae and defense responses in blast resistant (C101A51 and Tetep), susceptible (HR-12) and drought-tolerant (Vandana) rice cultivars was analyzed in stress overlapped conditions. Transcript accumulation of rice defense genes, histone acetyltransferases (OsHATs) and pathogenesis-associated genes of M. oryzae was recorded and histone acetylation at H3K9 and H4K5 was assessed through western blotting.
Results
Predisposition to intermittent drought favored blast development in all rice cultivars. Higher blast resistance in C101A51 is linked to enhanced histone acetylation at H3K9 compared to Tetep. However, intermittent drought predisposition caused partial breakdown of blast resistance due to reduced OsHAT activities that led to reduced histone acetylation at H3K9. ABA signaling was predominant in drought predisposed and M. oryzae challenged plants compared to SA signaling in only M. oryzae challenged plants. Interestingly, pathogenesis-associated genes (chitin synthases, chitin deacetylases, appressorium formation) of M. oryzae were highly expressed in the drought predisposed plants compared to only M. oryzae challenged plants.
Conclusions
Intermittent drought induces vulnerability of rice to blast disease. Vulnerability of rice to the pathogen in drought predisposed conditions is attributed to reduced activities of the histone acetyltransferases (OsHATs), masking of SA-signaling by ABA-signaling as well as enhanced activities of pathogenesis-associated genes in M. oryzae.
目的气候变化正在影响降雨模式，导致雨养水稻遭受间歇性干旱胁迫。方法在胁迫重叠条件下分析了间歇性干旱对稻瘟病抗性水稻品种（C101A51 和 Tetep）、易感水稻品种（HR-12）和耐旱水稻品种（Vandana）中稻瘟病棒状孢霉（Magnaporthe oryzae）毒力因子和防御反应的影响。记录了水稻防御基因、组蛋白乙酰转移酶（OsHATs）和 M. oryzae 的致病相关基因的转录本积累，并通过 Western 印迹技术评估了 H3K9 和 H4K5 的组蛋白乙酰化情况。与 Tetep 相比，C101A51 更强的抗稻瘟病能力与 H3K9 处组蛋白乙酰化增强有关。然而，由于 OsHAT 活性降低导致 H3K9 处组蛋白乙酰化减少，间歇性干旱导致稻瘟病抗性部分崩溃。在易受干旱影响的植株和受 M. oryzae 挑战的植株中，ABA 信号转导占主导地位，而在仅受 M. oryzae 挑战的植株中，SA 信号转导占主导地位。有趣的是，与仅受 M. oryzae 挑战的植株相比，M. oryzae 的致病相关基因（几丁质合成酶、几丁质脱乙酰酶、附着体形成）在易受干旱影响的植株中高表达。水稻在干旱条件下易受病原菌侵害的原因是组蛋白乙酰转移酶（OsHATs）活性降低、ABA 信号掩盖了 SA 信号以及 M. oryzae 的致病相关基因活性增强。
{"title":"Intermittent drought adversely impacts monogenic resistance of rice to the blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and is associated with alteration in histone acetylation","authors":"Jhumishree Meher, Srikanta Lenka, Umapathy Keerthana, Susheel N. Chaurasia, Ankita Sarkar, Birinchi Kumar Sarma","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06884-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06884-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Climate change is affecting rainfall patterns causing intermittent drought stress to rainfed rice. It is poorly understood how intermittent drought impacts the blast of rice incited by <i>Magnaporthe</i> oryzae.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The impact of intermittent drought on virulence factors of <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> and defense responses in blast resistant (C101A51 and Tetep), susceptible (HR-12) and drought-tolerant (Vandana) rice cultivars was analyzed in stress overlapped conditions. Transcript accumulation of rice defense genes, histone acetyltransferases (<i>OsHAT</i>s) and pathogenesis-associated genes of <i>M. oryzae</i> was recorded and histone acetylation at H3K9 and H4K5 was assessed through western blotting.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Predisposition to intermittent drought favored blast development in all rice cultivars. Higher blast resistance in C101A51 is linked to enhanced histone acetylation at H3K9 compared to Tetep. However, intermittent drought predisposition caused partial breakdown of blast resistance due to reduced <i>OsHAT</i> activities that led to reduced histone acetylation at H3K9. ABA signaling was predominant in drought predisposed and <i>M. oryzae</i> challenged plants compared to SA signaling in only <i>M. oryzae</i> challenged plants. Interestingly, pathogenesis-associated genes (chitin synthases, chitin deacetylases, appressorium formation) of <i>M. oryzae</i> were highly expressed in the drought predisposed plants compared to only <i>M. oryzae</i> challenged plants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Intermittent drought induces vulnerability of rice to blast disease. Vulnerability of rice to the pathogen in drought predisposed conditions is attributed to reduced activities of the histone acetyltransferases (<i>OsHAT</i>s), masking of SA-signaling by ABA-signaling as well as enhanced activities of pathogenesis-associated genes in <i>M. oryzae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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