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Lack of Arabidopsis chloroplastic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (G6PD1) affects lipid synthesis during cold stress response 拟南芥叶绿体葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶 1 (G6PD1) 的缺失会影响冷胁迫反应过程中的脂质合成
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112260
Simone Landi , Ermenegilda Vitale , Mariamichela Lanzilli , Carmen Arena , Giuliana D'Ippolito , Angelo Fontana , Sergio Esposito

Cold stress represents one of the major constraints for agricultural systems and crops productivity, inducing a wide range of negative effects. Particularly, long-term cold stress affects lipid metabolism, modifying the lipids/proteins ratio, the levels of phospholipids and glycolipids, and increasing lipids’ unsaturation in bio-membranes. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) reported prominent roles as NADPH suppliers in response to oxidative perturbations. Cytosolic G6PDH was suggested as the main isoform involved in cold stress response, while a down-regulation of the chloroplastic P1-G6PDH was observed. We thus investigated an Arabidopsis mutant defective for the P1-G6PDH (KO-P1) using integrated approaches to verify a possible role of this isoform in low temperature tolerance. KO-P1 genotype showed an improved tolerance to cold stress, highlighting a better photosynthetic efficiency, a reduction in stress markers content and a different regulation of genes involved in stress response. Intriguingly, the lack of P1-G6PDH induced modification in the levels of the main fatty acid and lipid species affecting the morphology of chloroplasts and mitochondria, which was restored under cold. Globally, these results indicate a priming effect induced by the absence of P1-G6PDH able to improve the tolerance to abiotic stress. Our results suggest novel and specific abilities of P1-G6PDH, highlighting its central role in different aspects of plant physiology and metabolism.

冷胁迫是农业系统和作物生产力的主要制约因素之一,会产生一系列负面影响。特别是,长期冷胁迫会影响脂质代谢,改变脂质/蛋白质的比例、磷脂和糖脂的水平,并增加生物膜中脂质的不饱和度。据报道,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)作为 NADPH 的供应者,在应对氧化扰动时发挥着重要作用。细胞质 G6PDH 被认为是参与冷胁迫响应的主要同工酶,而叶绿体 P1-G6PDH 则被观察到下调。因此,我们采用综合方法研究了拟南芥 P1-G6PDH 缺陷突变体(KO-P1),以验证该同工酶在低温耐受性中可能发挥的作用。KO-P1 基因型对低温胁迫的耐受性有所改善,突出表现为光合效率提高、胁迫标记物含量减少以及参与胁迫响应的基因调控不同。耐人寻味的是,缺乏 P1-G6PDH 会导致主要脂肪酸和脂质种类的水平发生变化,影响叶绿体和线粒体的形态,而这种变化在寒冷条件下得到恢复。总体而言,这些结果表明,P1-G6PDH 的缺失诱导了一种启动效应,能够提高对非生物胁迫的耐受性。我们的研究结果表明了 P1-G6PDH 的新颖性和特异性,突出了它在植物生理和代谢的不同方面所起的核心作用。
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引用次数: 0
Advances and mechanisms of fungal symbionts in improving the salt tolerance of crops 真菌共生体在提高作物耐盐性方面的进展和机制
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112261
Chengkai Zhang , Yue Meng , Mengguang Zhao , Mengliang Wang , Chao Wang , Jingyi Dong , Wenbin Fan , Fulei Xu , Dandan Wang , Zhihong Xie

Soil salinization leads to reduced crop yields and waste of land resources, thereby impacting global food security. To meet the increasing demand for food and simultaneously alleviate pressure on soil resources, the development of sustainable agriculture is imperative. In contrast to physical and chemical methods, bioremediation represents an efficient and environmentally friendly approach. Fungal symbionts have been found to be associated with most plants in natural ecosystems, colonizing and residing within the internal tissues of host plants. Moreover, the potential of fungal symbionts in improving saline-alkaline soil has been widely recognized and confirmed. Numerous reports have documented the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviating salt stress in plants. Meanwhile, research on other endophytic fungi for mitigating plant salt stress has emerged in recent years, which contributes to refining mechanisms for enhancing plant salt tolerance. In this review, we summarized various mechanisms by which endophytic fungi enhance plant salt tolerance. We also provided an overview of the challenges and development directions in the field of fungal symbiosis, with the aim of offering a viable strategy for the bioremediation of saline-alkali soils.

土壤盐碱化导致作物减产和土地资源浪费,从而影响全球粮食安全。为了满足日益增长的粮食需求,同时减轻对土壤资源的压力,发展可持续农业势在必行。与物理和化学方法相比,生物修复是一种高效、环保的方法。人们发现,真菌共生体与自然生态系统中的大多数植物都有联系,它们在寄主植物的内部组织中定植和居住。此外,真菌共生体在改良盐碱土壤方面的潜力已得到广泛认可和证实。许多报告都记载了丛枝菌根真菌在缓解植物盐胁迫方面的功效。与此同时,近年来出现了对其他内生真菌缓解植物盐胁迫的研究,这有助于完善提高植物耐盐性的机制。在本综述中,我们总结了内生真菌增强植物耐盐性的各种机制。我们还概述了真菌共生领域的挑战和发展方向,旨在为盐碱土壤的生物修复提供一种可行的策略。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review on the implications of concurrent heat and drought stress in modulating floral development in plants 关于热胁迫和干旱胁迫同时影响植物花发育的系统综述
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112248
Surbhi Kumari , Sahana Basu , Gautam Kumar

The continuous change in climate, along with irregular rainfall patterns, poses a significant threat to sustainable agricultural productivity worldwide. Both high temperatures and drought stress are key factors limiting crop growth, and with global climate change, the occurrence of combined heat and drought stress is expected to rise. This will further exacerbate the vulnerability of agricultural yield. Simultaneous heat and drought stress is prevalent in field conditions, and while extensive research has been done on the individual effects of heat and drought stress on plants, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying plant acclimation to a combination of these stressors. The reproductive stage, especially the flowering phase, has been identified as the most sensitive to both heat and drought stress, leading to sterility in plants. However, our understanding of the combined stress response in commonly used crop plants is still limited. Hence, it is crucial to study and comprehend the effects and interactions between high temperatures and drought stress during the reproductive stages of crops. This review delves into the morpho-physiological changes in reproductive organs of various plant species under combined heat and drought stress and also details the molecular regulation of the mechanism of combined stress tolerance in plants. Notably, the article incorporates expression analyses of candidate genes in rice flowers, emphasizing the utilization of modern biotechnological methods to enhance stress tolerance in plants. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive insight into the regulation of floral development in plants following concurrent heat and drought stress.

气候的持续变化以及不规则的降雨模式对全球可持续农业生产力构成了重大威胁。高温和干旱胁迫是限制作物生长的关键因素,随着全球气候变化,预计高温和干旱胁迫的综合发生率将上升。这将进一步加剧农业产量的脆弱性。在田间条件下,热胁迫和旱胁迫同时发生的现象十分普遍,虽然人们对热胁迫和旱胁迫对植物的单独影响进行了大量研究,但对植物适应这些胁迫的分子机制却知之甚少。生殖阶段,尤其是开花阶段,已被确定为对热胁迫和干旱胁迫最敏感的阶段,会导致植物不育。然而,我们对常用作物的综合胁迫反应的了解仍然有限。因此,研究和理解作物生殖期高温和干旱胁迫的影响和相互作用至关重要。这篇综述深入探讨了各种植物在高温和干旱联合胁迫下生殖器官的形态生理变化,并详细介绍了植物联合胁迫耐受机制的分子调控。值得注意的是,文章结合了水稻花卉候选基因的表达分析,强调利用现代生物技术方法提高植物的抗逆性。总之,这篇综述对植物在同时遭受热胁迫和干旱胁迫后的花发育调控提供了全面的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Synergy between virus and three kingdom pathogens, fungus, bacterium and virus is lost in rice mutant lines of OsRDR1/6 在水稻 OsRDR1/6 突变品系中,病毒与真菌、细菌和病毒三大病原体之间的协同作用消失了。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112244
Sopan Ganpatrao Wagh , Sachin Ashok Bhor , Akio Miyao , Hirohiko Hirochika , Taiyo Toriba , Hiro-Yuki Hirano , Kappei Kobayashi , Takashi Yaeno , Masamichi Nishiguchi
Co-infection, caused by multiple pathogen attacks on an organism, can lead to disease development or immunity. This complex interaction can be synergetic, co-existing, or antagonistic, ultimately influencing disease severity. The interaction between fungus, bacterium, and virus (three kingdom pathogens) is most prevalent. However, the underlying mechanisms of co-infection need to be explored further. In this study, we investigated the co-infection phenomenon in rice plants exposed to multiple pathogen species, specifically Rice necrosis mosaic virus (RNMV) and rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae, MO), bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, XO) or Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Our research showed that RNMV interacts synergistically with MO, XO, or CMV, increasing pathogen growth and lesion size. These findings suggest positive synergy in RNMV co-infections with three kingdom pathogens, increasing accumulation and symptoms. Additionally, to investigate the role of RNAi in pathogen synergism, we analyzed rice mutant lines deficient in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (OsRDR1) or 6 (OsRDR6). Notably, we observed the loss of synergy in each mutant line, highlighting the crucial role of OsRDR1 and OsRDR6 in maintaining the positive interaction between RNMV and three kingdom pathogens. Hence, our study emphasized the role of the RNA silencing pathway in the intricate landscape of pathogen interactions; the study's outcome could be applied to understand the plant defense response to improve crop yields.
多种病原体对一种生物体的攻击所造成的共同感染可导致疾病的发展或免疫。这种复杂的相互作用可以是协同的、共存的,也可以是拮抗的,最终影响疾病的严重程度。真菌、细菌和病毒(三界病原体)之间的相互作用最为普遍。然而,共感染的内在机制还有待进一步探索。在本研究中,我们研究了水稻植株在多种病原体(特别是水稻坏死镶嵌病毒(RNMV)和稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae,MO)、细菌性叶枯病(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae,XO)或黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV))作用下的共感染现象。我们的研究表明,RNMV 与 MO、XO 或 CMV 有协同作用,可增加病原体的生长和病害面积。这些发现表明,RNMV 与三个王国的病原体共同感染时会产生积极的协同作用,从而增加积累和症状。此外,为了研究 RNAi 在病原体协同作用中的作用,我们分析了缺乏 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶 1(OsRDR1)或 6(OsRDR6)的水稻突变株系。值得注意的是,我们观察到每个突变株都失去了协同作用,这突出表明 OsRDR1 和 OsRDR6 在维持 RNMV 与三种王国病原体之间的正向相互作用方面起着至关重要的作用。因此,我们的研究强调了 RNA 沉默途径在错综复杂的病原体相互作用中的作用;研究结果可用于了解植物的防御反应,以提高作物产量。
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引用次数: 0
Overexpression of two DELLA subfamily genes MiSLR1 and MiSLR2 from mango promotes early flowering and enhances abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis 过量表达芒果中的两个 DELLA 亚家族基因 MiSLR1 和 MiSLR2 可促进拟南芥无花开花并增强其对非生物胁迫的耐受性。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112242
Ziyi Yang, Bingbing Huo, Songjie Wei, Wei Zhang, Xiuxia He, Jiaqi Liang, Siyu Nong, Tianli Guo, Xinhua He, Cong Luo

Gibberellic acids (GAs) are a group of endogenous phytohormones that play important roles in plant growth and development. SLENDER RICE (SLR) serves as a vital component of the DELLA gene family, which plays an irreplaceable role in regulating plant flowering and height, as well as stress responses. SLR gene has not been reported in mango, and its function is unknown. In present study, two DELLA subfamily genes MiSLR1 and MiSLR2 were identified from mango. MiSLR1 and MiSLR2 were highly expressed in the stems of the juvenile stage, but were expressed at a low level in flower buds and flowers. Gibberellin treatment could up-regulate the expression of MiSLR1 and MiSLR2 genes, but gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) and paclobutrazol (PAC) treatments significantly down-regulated the expression of MiSLR1, while MiSLR2 was up-regulated. The expression levels of MiSLR1 and MiSLR2 were up-regulated under both salt and drought treatments. Overexpression of MiSLR1 and MiSLR2 genes significantly resulted early flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis and significantly up-regulated the expression levels of endogenous flower-related genes, such as SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1), APETALA1 (AP1), and FRUITFULL (FUL). Interestingly, MiSLR1 significantly reduced the height of transgenic plants, while MiSLR2 gene increased. Overexpression of MiSLR1 and MiSLR2 increased seed germination rate, root length and survival rate of transgenic plants under salt and drought stress. Physiological and biochemical detection showed that the contents of proline (Pro) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased, while the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were significantly decreased. Additionally, protein interaction analysis revealed that MiSLR1 and MiSLR2 interacted with several flowering-related and GA-related proteins. The interaction between MiSLR with MiGF14 and MiSOC1 proteins was found for the first time. Taken together, the data showed that MiSLR1 and MiSLR2 in transgenic Arabidopsis both regulated the flowering time and plant height, while also acting as positive regulators of abiotic stress responses.

赤霉素(GA)是一类内源植物激素,在植物生长和发育过程中发挥着重要作用。SLENDER RICE(SLR)是 DELLA 基因家族的重要组成部分,在调控植物开花和高度以及胁迫反应方面发挥着不可替代的作用。SLR 基因在芒果中尚未见报道,其功能也尚不清楚。本研究从芒果中发现了两个 DELLA 亚家族基因 MiSLR1 和 MiSLR2。MiSLR1和MiSLR2在幼果期的茎中高表达,但在花芽和花中表达水平较低。赤霉素处理能上调MiSLR1和MiSLR2基因的表达,但赤霉素生物合成抑制剂丙六酮-钙(Pro-Ca)和吡唑醚菌酯(PAC)处理能显著下调MiSLR1的表达,而上调MiSLR2的表达。在盐和干旱处理下,MiSLR1 和 MiSLR2 的表达水平均上调。过表达 MiSLR1 和 MiSLR2 基因会显著导致转基因拟南芥提前开花,并显著上调内源花相关基因的表达水平,如 CONSTANS1抑制因子(SOC1)、APETALA1(AP1)和 FRUITFULL(FUL)。有趣的是,MiSLR1 基因明显降低了转基因植株的高度,而 MiSLR2 基因则有所增加。过表达 MiSLR1 和 MiSLR2 能提高转基因植株在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下的种子发芽率、根长和存活率。生理生化检测表明,脯氨酸(Pro)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量显著增加,而丙二醛(MDA)和 H2O2 的含量显著降低。此外,蛋白质相互作用分析表明,MiSLR1 和 MiSLR2 与多种开花相关蛋白和 GA 相关蛋白相互作用。首次发现了 MiSLR 与 MiGF14 和 MiSOC1 蛋白的相互作用。总之,研究数据表明,转基因拟南芥中的 MiSLR1 和 MiSLR2 既调控开花时间和植株高度,同时也是非生物胁迫响应的正调控因子。
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引用次数: 0
Inheritance and ecological effects of exogenous genes from transgenic Brassica napus to Brassica juncea hybrids 转基因油菜的外源基因对芸薹属杂交种的遗传和生态效应。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112245
Xinyu Wang , Zhilu Sheng , Hai Huang , Zhixi Tang , Wei Wei , Charles Neal Stewart Jr , Yongbo Liu

  • With the rapid development of new breeding techniques, the ecological impacts of transgenic plants receive wide concern again, particularly for potential gene flow from transgenic crops to their relatives. The transgene insertion position, number of gene copies, and flanking sequence of exogenous genes integrated into the recipient genome affect the genetic stability and fitness of offspring.

  • We employed hybrids F1 and F2, six backcross generations BC1-BC6 and BC1F1 from transgenic Brassica napus with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry1Ac gene and its wild relative B. juncea through hand pollination. We detected exogenous gene copies, mRNA transcription, and protein expression by ddPCR, qRT-PCR and ELISA, and the fitness of hybrid and backcross generations.

  • Exogenous genes followed Mendelian segregation expectations in hybrid and backcrossed generations, with stable gene copies, mRNA transcription and protein concentration of exogenous genes in offspring. Exogenous gene copies had no significant effects on plant fitness, but had positive effects on mRNA transcription and protein concentration that varied with growth stages in hybrid and backcross generations.

  • Our study demonstrated inheritance and ecological effects of exogenous genes from transgenic plants to wild relatives, which will help ecological risk management of biotechnological plants released in the nature.

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引用次数: 0
Abscisic acid and ethylene coordinating fruit ripening under abiotic stress 脱落酸和乙烯协调非生物胁迫下的果实成熟
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112243
Ricardo Bianchetti , Amjad Ali , Mayank Gururani

Fleshy fruit metabolism is intricately influenced by environmental changes, yet the hormonal regulations underlying these responses remain poorly elucidated. ABA and ethylene, pivotal in stress responses across plant vegetative tissues, play crucial roles in triggering fleshy fruit ripening. Their actions are intricately governed by complex mechanisms, influencing key aspects such as nutraceutical compound accumulation, sugar content, and softening parameters. Both hormones are essential orchestrators of significant alterations in fruit development in response to stressors like drought, salt, and temperature fluctuations. These alterations encompass colour development, sugar accumulation, injury mitigation, and changes in cell-wall degradation and ripening progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research progress on the roles of ABA and ethylene in responding to drought, salt, and temperature stress, as well as the molecular mechanisms controlling ripening in environmental cues. Additionally, we propose further studies aimed at genetic manipulation of ABA and ethylene signalling, offering potential strategies to enhance fleshy fruit resilience in the face of future climate change scenarios.

多肉果实的新陈代谢受到环境变化的复杂影响,但这些反应背后的激素调节机制仍未得到充分阐明。ABA 和乙烯在植物无性组织的胁迫反应中起着关键作用,它们在引发肉质果实成熟方面发挥着重要作用。它们的作用受复杂机制的支配,影响着营养保健化合物的积累、含糖量和软化参数等关键方面。针对干旱、盐分和温度波动等胁迫因素,这两种激素是果实发育过程中重大变化的重要协调者。这些变化包括着色、糖分积累、减轻损伤以及细胞壁降解和成熟进程的变化。本综述全面概述了最近关于 ABA 和乙烯在应对干旱、盐分和温度胁迫中的作用以及在环境暗示下控制成熟的分子机制的研究进展。此外,我们还提出了旨在对 ABA 和乙烯信号进行遗传操作的进一步研究,为提高肉质果实在未来气候变化情况下的抗逆性提供了潜在的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of LAZY family genes on shoot gravitropism in Lotus japonicus LAZY 家族基因对日本莲嫩枝引力的影响
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112234
Shaoming Xu , Shusi Song , Huawu Jiang , Guojiang Wu , Yaping Chen

Plant architecture is an important agronomic trait to determine the biomass and sward structure of forage grass. The IGT family plays a pivotal role in plant gravitropism, encompassing both the gravitropic response and the modulation of plant architecture. We have previously shown that LjLAZY3, one of the IGT genes, plays a distinct role in root gravitropism in L. japonicus. However, the function of LAZY proteins on shoot gravitropism in this species is poorly understood. In this study, we identified nine IGT genes in the L. japonicus genome, which have been categorized into four clades based on the phylogenetic relationships of IGT proteins from 18 legumes: LAZY1, NGR (NEGATIVE GRAVITROPIC RESPONSE OF ROOTS), IGT-LIKE, and TAC1. We found that LAZY genes in the first three clades have demonstrated distinct role for modulating plant gravitropism in L. japonicus with specific impacts as follows. Mutation of the LAZY1 gene, LjLAZY1, defected the gravitropic response of hypocotyl without impacting the main stem's branch angle. In contrast, the overexpression of the NGR gene, LjLAZY3, substantially modulated the shoot's gravitropism, leading to narrower lateral branch angles. Additionally, it enhanced the shoots' gravitropic response. The overexpression of another NGR gene, LjLAZY4, specifically reduced the main stem's branch angle and decreased plant stature without affecting the shoot gravitropic response. The phenotype of IGT-LIKE gene LjLAZY2 overexpression is identical to that of LjLAZY4. While overexpression of the IGT-LIKE gene LjLAZY5 did not induce any observable changes in branch angle, plant height, or gravitropic response. Furthermore, the LjLAZYs were selectively interacted with different BRXL and RLD proteins, which should the important factor to determine their different functions in controlling organ architecture in L. japonicus. Our results deepen understanding of the LjLAZY family and its potential for plant architecture improvement in L. japonicus.

植物结构是决定牧草生物量和草丛结构的重要农艺性状。IGT 家族在植物重力作用中起着关键作用,包括重力反应和植物结构调控。我们之前已经证明,IGT 基因之一的 LjLAZY3 在日本莴苣的根引力中发挥着独特的作用。然而,我们对 LAZY 蛋白在该物种中对嫩枝引力的作用还知之甚少。本研究在日本莴苣基因组中鉴定了 9 个 IGT 基因,并根据 18 种豆科植物 IGT 蛋白的系统发育关系将其分为 4 个支系:LAZY1、NGR(NEGATIVE GRAVITROPIC RESPONSE OF ROOTS)、IGT-LIKE 和 TAC1。我们发现,前三个支系的 LAZY 基因对日本萝蔔的植物引力有不同的调节作用,具体影响如下。LAZY1基因(LjLAZY1)突变会削弱下胚轴的向重力反应,但不会影响主茎的分枝角度。与此相反,NGR 基因 LjLAZY3 的过表达大大调节了嫩枝的引力,导致侧枝角度变窄。此外,它还增强了嫩枝的重力反应。过量表达另一个 NGR 基因 LjLAZY4 则会特异性地减小主茎的分枝角度,降低植株高度,但不会影响嫩枝的重力反应。IGT-LIKE 基因 LjLAZY2 过表达的表型与 LjLAZY4 相同。而过量表达 IGT-LIKE 基因 LjLAZY5 则不会引起任何可观察到的分枝角度、株高或重力反应的变化。此外,LjLAZYs选择性地与不同的BRXL和RLD蛋白相互作用,这应该是确定它们在控制日本莴苣器官结构中的不同功能的重要因素。我们的研究结果加深了对 LjLAZY 家族及其在改善日本莴苣植物结构方面潜力的了解。
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引用次数: 0
The knockout of SlMTC impacts tomato seed size and reduces resistance to salt stress in tomato SlMTC 基因敲除会影响番茄种子的大小,并降低番茄对盐胁迫的抗性。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112228
Zihan Gao, Qingling Yang, Hui Shen, Pengyu Guo, Qiaoli Xie, Guoping Chen, Zongli Hu

Members of the MT-A70 family are key catalytic proteins involved in m6A methylation modifications in plants. They play diverse roles at the posttranscriptional level by regulating RNA secondary structure, selective splicing, stability, and translational efficiency, which collectively affect plant growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, we explored the function of the gene SlMTC, a Class C member of the MT-A70 family, in tomatoes by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Compared with the wild-type (WT), the CR-slmtc mutants exhibited decreased seed size and slower growth rates during the seedling stage, along with weaker salt tolerance and significant downregulation of stress-related genes, such as PR1, PR5, and P5CS. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression levels of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis (FZY1, FZY3, and FZY4) and polar transport (PIN1, PIN4, and PIN8) were lower in CR-slmtc plants than in the WT plants. In addition, yeast two-hybrid assays showed that SlMTC could interact with SlMTA, a Class A member of the MT-A70 family, providing insights into the potential mode of action of SlMTC in tomatoes. Overall, our findings indicate the critical role of SlMTC in plant growth and development as well as in response to salt stress.

MT-A70 家族成员是参与植物 m6A 甲基化修饰的关键催化蛋白。它们通过调节 RNA 二级结构、选择性剪接、稳定性和翻译效率,在转录后水平发挥着多种作用,共同影响着植物的生长、发育和胁迫响应。本研究利用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术探讨了西红柿中 MT-A70 家族 C 类成员 SlMTC 基因的功能。与野生型(WT)相比,CR-slmtc 突变体在幼苗期表现出种子体积减小、生长速度减慢、耐盐性减弱以及 PR1、PR5 和 P5CS 等胁迫相关基因的显著下调。qRT-PCR 结果显示,CR-slmtc植株中参与辅酶生物合成(FZY1、FZY3 和 FZY4)和极性运输(PIN1、PIN4 和 PIN8)的基因表达水平低于 WT 植株。此外,酵母双杂交试验表明,SlMTC 能与 MT-A70 家族的 A 类成员 SlMTA 相互作用,从而揭示了 SlMTC 在番茄中的潜在作用模式。总之,我们的研究结果表明,SlMTC 在植物的生长发育以及应对盐胁迫方面起着关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
The RING-type E3 ligase, TaFRFP, regulates flowering by controlling a salicylic acid-mediated floral promotion RING 型 E3 连接酶 TaFRFP 通过控制水杨酸介导的促花作用来调节开花。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112241
Jae Ho Kim , Moon Seok Kim , Yong Weon Seo

The initiation of transition to flowering is carefully managed by endogenous and environmental cues, which is critical for flowering plant reproductive success. Here, we found that wheat RING-type E3 ligase TaFRFP was highly expressed from the double ridge to degeneration stage (WS2.5-WS9). TaFRFP is localized in the nucleus and has E3 ligase activity in vitro. TaFRFP overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in an early flowering phenotype, but to a lesser extent, under short-day conditions. Under the SA-treated condition, overexpression of TaFRFP shows higher root growth and has more accumulation of SA contents. A proteomic comparison revealed that the amount of FRL4A protein, a FRIGIDA LIKE 4 A, was considerably lower in SA-treated TaFRFP seedlings compared to normal condition. We further found that TaFRFP directly interacts with FRL4A in the nucleus and recruits it to the FLC locus in Arabidopsis. Moreover, an ubiquitination assay showed that TaFRPF physically interact and ubiquitinates TaFRL as a substrate. Our findings support the concept that the TaFRFP E3 ligase works as a positive regulator, and that the ubiquitination of its substrate proteins plays a significant role in controlling flowering time via an SA-dependent pathway.

向开花过渡的起始阶段受到内源和环境线索的精心管理,这对开花植物的繁殖成功至关重要。在这里,我们发现小麦 RING 型 E3 连接酶 TaFRFP 在双脊至退化期(WS2.5-WS9)高度表达。TaFRFP 定位于细胞核中,在体外具有 E3 连接酶活性。在拟南芥中过表达 TaFRFP 会导致早花表型,但在短日照条件下程度较轻。在 SA 处理条件下,TaFRFP 的过表达表现出更高的根系生长速度和更多的 SA 含量积累。蛋白质组比较发现,在 SA 处理的 TaFRFP 幼苗中,FRL4A 蛋白(一种 FRIGIDA LIKE 4A 蛋白)的含量大大低于正常状态。我们进一步发现,TaFRFP 能直接与拟南芥细胞核中的 FRL4A 相互作用,并将其招募到 FLC 基因座上。此外,泛素化试验表明,TaFRPF 与作为底物的 TaFRL 发生了物理作用并使其泛素化。我们的研究结果支持了 TaFRFP E3 连接酶作为正调控因子的概念,其底物蛋白的泛素化在通过依赖 SA 的途径控制花期方面发挥了重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Plant Science
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