Plant Science最新文献_第6页

A novel bZIP transcription factor VvbZIP026 induces anthocyanin biosynthesis and acylation modification in response to abscisic acid in ‘Summer Black’ grape 一种新的bZIP转录因子VvbZIP026诱导夏黑葡萄花青素合成和酰化修饰响应脱落酸

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.113008

Zouchumo Ge , Mengwen Yao , Ting Chen , Yao Yao , Jiahui Lin , Jingtian Huo , Guiren Qi , Zhaosen Xie , Xianan Zhang , Lei Wang , Feng Leng

High groundwater levels, short light hours, and high temperatures and rainy conditions during the ripening period in southern China lead to insufficient sugar accumulation and difficulty in coloring, which severely affects the quality of the grapes. In our study, 7-year-old ‘Summer Black’ grapes were selected as experimental materials to study the effect of abscisic acid on grape quality. The results showed that the color of grapes turned earlier after ABA soaking, the glucose and fructose, and all 6 detected amino acid contents were significantly higher than those in the untreated group in the veraison period. However, ABA can significantly increase the anthocyanin and flavonol contents, but has no significant effect on soluble sugars, flavanols, phenolic acids, phloridzin, and naringenin-7-O-glucoside at maturity. Curiously, ABA treatment had no significant effect on the metabolism of organic acids, while it also has a positive effect on the aroma of the grape. Furthermore, by integrating phylogenetic analysis with transgenic techniques in Arabidopsis thaliana, grapefruit, and callus, we demonstrate that a novel bZIP transcription factor, VvbZIP026, induces anthocyanin accumulation and enhances levels of anthocyanin acylation modification, thereby improving anthocyanin stability and bioavailability. Our results provide theoretical and practical value for grape quality improvement and theoretical support for anthocyanin metabolism.

中国南方的地下水位高，日照时间短，成熟期高温多雨，导致糖积累不足，着色困难，严重影响了葡萄的品质。本研究以7年生夏黑葡萄为试验材料，研究脱落酸对葡萄品质的影响。结果表明，ABA浸泡后葡萄变色时间提前，葡萄糖、果糖及6种检测到的氨基酸含量均显著高于未处理组。而ABA能显著提高成熟期花青素和黄酮醇含量，但对可溶性糖、黄烷醇、酚酸、根苷和柚皮素-7- o -葡萄糖苷含量无显著影响。奇怪的是，ABA处理对有机酸的代谢没有显著影响，但对葡萄的香气却有积极的影响。此外，通过将系统发育分析与转基因技术结合在拟南芥、葡萄柚和愈伤组织中，我们证明了一种新的bZIP转录因子，VvbZIP026，诱导花青素积累并提高花青素酰化修饰水平，从而提高花青素的稳定性和生物利用度。本研究结果为葡萄品质改良和花青素代谢提供了理论和实践价值。

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引用次数: 0

Potato transcription factor StMYB19 enhances drought tolerance by regulating ROS homeostasis and JA signalling pathway 马铃薯转录因子StMYB19通过调控ROS稳态和JA信号通路增强抗旱性

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.113006

Xiaoxiao Wang , Haotian Liu , Han Wei , Kaitong Wang , Ning Zhang , Huaijun Si

The MYB transcription factor family plays important regulatory roles in plant growth and development. In this study, a investigation was conducted to elucidate R1-MYB transcription factor StMYB19 biological function in drought stress response. The tissue-specific expression analysis of the gene revealed that StMYB19 expression differed in various organs of potato variety ‘Atlantic’, with the highest expression in tubers. StMYB19 was genetically modified in ‘Atlantic’ to obtain overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) lines. Phenotypic analysis of the StMYB19 overexpression and suppression lines before and after drought treatment revealed that the drought symptoms were relatively mild in the overexpression lines, whereas growth inhibition and leaf wilting were more pronounced in the suppressed expression lines. Further physiological analysis revealed that after drought treatment, the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD significantly increased in StMYB19-overexpressing lines, whereas the contents of H₂O₂ and MDA were relatively decreased, indicating that StMYB19 regulated the ROS dynamic balance. Meanwhile, the JA content increased significantly in the overexpression lines, suggesting that StMYB19 may enhance drought tolerance by regulating the JA pathway. StMYB19 binds to the MYB-binding motif ‘TAACCA’ in the promoter of the downstream gene StLOB4 and positively regulates its transcription. At the same time, it promotes the expression of StACX3 through protein interaction. Therefore, by activating these two key genes in the JA pathway, StMYB19 coordinates plant defense and growth under drought conditions. In summary, StMYB19 acts as an important transcription factor in the potato drought response by maintaining ROS homeostasis and activating the JA signaling pathway, thereby enhancing plant drought tolerance.

MYB转录因子家族在植物生长发育中起着重要的调控作用。本研究旨在阐明R1-MYB转录因子StMYB19在干旱胁迫响应中的生物学功能。对该基因的组织特异性表达分析显示，StMYB19在马铃薯品种“大西洋”的不同器官中表达不同，在块茎中表达最高。StMYB19在“Atlantic”中进行基因修饰，获得过表达和RNA干扰（RNAi）系。对StMYB19过表达系和抑制系干旱处理前后的表型分析表明，过表达系干旱症状相对较轻，而抑制表达系的生长抑制和叶片萎蔫更为明显。进一步的生理分析表明，干旱处理后，StMYB19过表达系的SOD、CAT和POD活性显著升高，而H2O2和MDA含量相对降低，表明StMYB19调节了ROS的动态平衡。同时，在过表达系中，JA含量显著增加，表明StMYB19可能通过调控JA通路增强耐旱性。StMYB19结合下游基因StLOB4启动子中myb结合基序“TAACCA”，并正向调节其转录。同时通过蛋白相互作用促进StACX3的表达。因此，通过激活JA通路中的这两个关键基因，StMYB19在干旱条件下协调植物的防御和生长。综上所述，StMYB19在马铃薯干旱响应中是一个重要的转录因子，通过维持ROS稳态，激活JA信号通路，从而增强植物的抗旱性。

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引用次数: 0

Stomatal and leaf hydraulic conductivity responses to changing light and CO2 conditions in Phaseolus vulgaris 菜豆气孔和叶片导电性对光照和CO2条件变化的响应

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.113005

Andrew Ogolla Egesa , Divya Rana , Jessica Barrera-Solis , William M. Hammond , C. Eduardo Vallejos , Kevin Begcy

Extreme conditions brought up by climate change have a negative impact on plant photosynthesis. However, characterizing and exploiting extant genetic variation in plants for structure and function could lead to the assembly of genotypes adapted to extreme environments. This could be accomplished by combining suitable structures and adaptive mechanisms. We selected two common bean genotypes from the Andean (Calima) and the Mesoamerican (Jamapa) gene pools and analyzed their leaf structural characteristics, leaf hydraulics, and stomatal responses to transient light and CO₂. We used the patterns of stomatal conductance to water vapor (g_sw) to track the time for stomatal stability between the two genotypes. Our results indicated contrasting leaf structures and differences in potential leaf hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the flow rate of water in the leaf. We also found faster stomatal responses to light and CO2 for smaller stomata. Our data also indicate that leaf structural traits in the two genotypes were constructed in coordination to support efficient physiological processes. We analyzed the dynamics of water loss, and our results agree with the differences seen in stomata density and the speed to stomata response indicating that Jamapa retains more residual water than Calima. These results showed far-reaching consequences of leaf structure and hydraulics on photosynthetic gas exchange responses under global warming conditions.

气候变化带来的极端条件对植物的光合作用有负面影响。然而，描述和利用植物结构和功能上现存的遗传变异可能导致适应极端环境的基因型的组装。这可以通过结合合适的结构和自适应机制来实现。选取安第斯（Calima）和中美洲（Jamapa）两种常见的大豆基因型，分析其叶片结构特征、叶片水力特性以及气孔对瞬态光和CO2的响应。我们利用气孔对水汽的导度（gsw）模式来追踪两种基因型间气孔稳定的时间。我们的研究结果显示了叶片结构的差异，叶片的潜在水力传导性（Ks）和水分在叶片中的流速的差异。我们还发现，较小的气孔对光和CO2的响应更快。我们的数据还表明，两种基因型的叶片结构性状是协调构建的，以支持有效的生理过程。我们分析了水分流失的动态，我们的结果与气孔密度和气孔响应速度的差异一致，表明Jamapa比Calima保留了更多的剩余水分。这些结果表明，在全球变暖条件下，叶片结构和水力学对光合气体交换响应具有深远的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and functional analysis of CLE genes associated with drought tolerance in pepper 辣椒抗旱性CLE相关基因的鉴定与功能分析

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.113007

Chae Woo Lim , Yeongil Bae , Dae Sung Kim , Sung Chul Lee

CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptides constitute one of the largest families of small signaling peptides, playing crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. Despite extensive research on CLE genes in various species, our understanding of these genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum) remains limited. In this study, we identified and characterized 10 CLE-like peptide genes (CaCLEs) from the pepper genome. All CaCLEs possess a conserved C-terminal CLE motif, and most contain an N-terminal signal peptide. Several CaCLE genes displayed high expression levels in roots and shoot apices. Furthermore, CaCLE1, CaCLE2, and CaCLE3 were strongly upregulated in leaves and/or roots by drought stress, with CaCLE3 showing the most rapid and pronounced induction in roots, whereas other CaCLE genes displayed varied expression patterns under drought, osmotic, and salt stress conditions. Subcellular localization assays revealed that CaCLE proteins localize to the plasma membrane or nucleus; notably, CaCLE1 was detected in both compartments. Virus-mediated overexpression (VOX) of CaCLE1, CaCLE2, and CaCLE3 in tobacco and pepper plants resulted in significantly enhanced drought tolerance, as evidenced by the reduced wilting and improved survival following drought imposition and re-watering; however, CaCLE1 and CaCLE3 overexpression also led to growth inhibition. Among these, CaCLE3-overexpressing plants exhibited the highest drought tolerance. Collectively, these findings suggest that CaCLE1, CaCLE2, and CaCLE3 contribute positively to drought stress tolerance, indicating their potential application in enhancing drought stress resilience in pepper.

CLAVATA3/EMBRYO around REGION （CLE）肽是最大的小信号肽家族之一，在植物发育和逆境响应中起着重要作用。尽管对不同物种的CLE基因进行了广泛的研究，但我们对辣椒（Capsicum annuum）中这些基因的了解仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们从辣椒基因组中鉴定并鉴定了10个cle样肽基因（CaCLEs）。所有的CLE都含有一个保守的c端CLE基序，并且大多数含有一个n端信号肽。多个CaCLE基因在根和茎尖中表达量较高。此外，干旱胁迫下，CaCLE1、CaCLE2和CaCLE3在叶片和/或根中表达显著上调，其中CaCLE3在根中表达最快、最明显，而其他CaCLE3基因在干旱、渗透和盐胁迫条件下的表达模式各不相同。亚细胞定位分析显示，CaCLE蛋白定位于质膜或细胞核；值得注意的是，在两个隔室中都检测到CaCLE1。在烟草和辣椒植株中，病毒介导的CaCLE1、CaCLE2和CaCLE3的过表达（VOX）显著增强了它们的抗旱性，在干旱胁迫和再浇水后，它们的萎蔫现象减少，存活率提高；然而，CaCLE1和CaCLE3过表达也会导致生长抑制。其中，cacle3过表达植株的耐旱性最高。综上所述，这些结果表明，CaCLE1、CaCLE2和CaCLE3对辣椒抗旱能力有积极作用，表明它们在提高辣椒抗旱能力方面具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

VvWRKY70, a newly identified grape WRKY transcription factor, confers drought tolerance via coordinated physiological and molecular responses 新发现的葡萄WRKY转录因子VvWRKY70通过协调生理和分子反应赋予葡萄抗旱性。

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.113004

Lijuan Li , Jinyuan Li , Lihong Hao , Huilan Yi

Drought is a key factor limiting grape yield, making it crucial to reveal the underlying response mechanisms of plants to environmental stress. Although WRKY transcription factors play multiple roles in plant development and stress responses, only a few have been functionally characterized in Vitis vinifera L.. In this study, VvWRKY70, from V. vinifera, was cloned and identified in transgenic A. thaliana plants and grape seedlings. VvWRKY70 protein was localized to the nucleus and exhibited the W-box binding activity. VvWRKY70 expression was rapidly induced by drought stress, and heterologous VvWRKY70 overexpression in A. thaliana plants enhanced drought tolerance, as evidenced by improved seed germination, seedling development, and survival capability. VvWRKY70 overexpression contributed to the reduction of stomatal aperture and the accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances including proline and soluble sugar. Moreover, VvWRKY70 overexpression increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, promoted anthocyanin accumulation, and effectively reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde under water stress. Notably, transient overexpression of VvWRKY70 in grapevine led to the upregulation of both drought-responsive marker genes (VvRD22, VvRD29A, VvDREB2A and VvERD14) and defense-related genes (VvCHS, VvF3’H, VvDFR, VvPOD4 and VvP5CS). These findings indicate that VvWRKY70 can directly modulate the transcription of these genes and thereby participate in the corresponding physiological processes. These results demonstrate that VvWRKY70 could be a promising candidate gene in grape for adapting to water scarcity.

干旱是限制葡萄产量的关键因素，揭示植物对环境胁迫的潜在响应机制至关重要。虽然WRKY转录因子在植物发育和胁迫应答中发挥着多种作用，但目前在葡萄中得到功能鉴定的转录因子很少。本研究克隆了葡萄中vrwrky70转录因子，并在转基因葡萄植株和葡萄幼苗中进行了鉴定。VvWRKY70蛋白定位于细胞核，具有W-box结合活性。干旱胁迫快速诱导了VvWRKY70的表达，并通过提高种子萌发、幼苗发育和存活能力，证明了异源VvWRKY70过表达增强了拟蓝植物的抗旱性。VvWRKY70过表达导致气孔孔径减小，脯氨酸和可溶性糖等渗透调节物质积累。此外，在水分胁迫下，VvWRKY70过表达增加了超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的活性，促进了花青素的积累，有效降低了过氧化氢和丙二醛的含量。值得注意的是，VvWRKY70在葡萄中的短暂过表达导致干旱响应标记基因（VvRD22、VvRD29A、VvDREB2A和VvERD14）和防御相关基因（VvCHS、VvF3'H、VvDFR、VvPOD4和VvP5CS）的上调。这些发现表明，VvWRKY70可以直接调节这些基因的转录，从而参与相应的生理过程。这些结果表明，VvWRKY70可能是葡萄适应缺水的一个有希望的候选基因。

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引用次数: 0

Exogenous glutathione inhibits SlMYB48 expression and enhances salt resistance in tomato seedlings through the antioxidant system and osmotic adjustment 外源谷胱甘肽通过抗氧化系统和渗透调节抑制番茄幼苗SlMYB48表达并增强其耐盐性

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.113002

Xuezhen Li , Yuanxin Li , Yujie Shi , Yuxin Wei , Yuqi Yang , Huiying Liu

Glutathione (GSH) serves as a redox-active molecule and the predominant non-protein sulfhydryl compound in plants and a critical regulator in alleviating abiotic stress. Our previous research has demonstrated that foliar application of exogenous GSH can enhance the salt tolerance of tomato seedlings. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unexplored. In this study, RNA-seq analysis revealed that exogenous GSH significantly influenced plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism. In addition, the transcription factor SlMYB48 was identified. The expression of SlMYB48 was strongly induced under salt stress but suppressed when GSH was applied simultaneously. Transgenic overexpression (OE) and knockout mutant lines of SlMYB48 were generated and exposed to salt stress, demonstrating that SlMYB48 functioned as a negative regulator of salt tolerance in tomato seedlings. Foliar GSH application increased endogenous GSH content, enhanced the activity and expression of key enzymes in GSH metabolism and the antioxidant system, and reduced ROS accumulation and oxidative injury in OE lines subjected to salt stress. Furthermore, exogenous GSH significantly elevated the expression of starch and sucrose metabolism related genes and increased the corresponding sugar content in OE plants under salt stress. Importantly, GSH application suppressed SlMYB48 expression in the OE lines exposed to salinity. Collectively, these findings indicate that exogenous GSH enhances salt tolerance in tomato seedlings by repressing SlMYB48 expression, thereby modulating the antioxidant system and osmotic adjustment. This study establishes a theoretical framework for elucidating GSH regulated molecular breeding for salt resistance, highlights SlMYB48 breeding potential, and guides practical applications.

谷胱甘肽（GSH）是一种具有氧化还原活性的分子，是植物体内主要的非蛋白巯基化合物，是缓解非生物胁迫的重要调节因子。我们之前的研究表明，叶面施用外源谷胱甘肽可以提高番茄幼苗的耐盐性。然而，潜在的分子机制仍未被探索。本研究通过RNA-seq分析发现，外源GSH显著影响植物激素信号转导、MAPK信号通路以及淀粉和蔗糖代谢。此外，还鉴定了转录因子SlMYB48。SlMYB48的表达在盐胁迫下被强烈诱导，但在GSH同时作用时被抑制。通过对SlMYB48转基因过表达（OE）和基因敲除突变株的培养和盐胁迫处理，证明SlMYB48是番茄幼苗耐盐性的负调控因子。叶面施谷胱甘肽增加了盐胁迫下OE品系内源谷胱甘肽含量，增强了谷胱甘肽代谢和抗氧化系统关键酶的活性和表达，减少了ROS积累和氧化损伤。此外，外源GSH显著提高了盐胁迫下OE植株淀粉和蔗糖代谢相关基因的表达，提高了相应的糖含量。重要的是，GSH抑制了暴露于盐度的OE系中SlMYB48的表达。综上所述，这些发现表明外源GSH通过抑制SlMYB48的表达来增强番茄幼苗的耐盐性，从而调节抗氧化系统和渗透调节。本研究为阐明谷胱甘肽调控的耐盐分子育种奠定了理论框架，突出了SlMYB48的育种潜力，指导了实际应用。

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引用次数: 0

Development of spring-type Brassica napus single-gene lines for differentiating Plasmodiophora brassicae races 春季型甘蓝型单基因品系的选育与油菜小种分化。

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.113001

Yan Zhang, Hao Hu, Jinghe Wang, Mizanur Rahaman, Fengqun Yu

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a major threat to Brassica crops, including canola (Brassica napus). We developed six spring-type B. napus single-gene lines (SGLs), each carrying a distinct clubroot resistance (CR) gene (Rcr1, Rcr3, Rcr5, Rcr8, Rcr9, or Rcr10), to classify pathogen races and support breeding strategies. CR genes from B. rapa (‘Siloga’, ‘Purple Top White Globe’, T19, ECD01) and B. napus (‘Mendel’) were introgressed into the susceptible line DH16516 through interspecific or intraspecific crosses, followed by backcrossing, marker-assisted selection, and microspore culture to produce doubled-haploid lines. The presence of Rcr1 was confirmed by gene cloning, while genome-wide marker analysis reduced the residual donor genome in the Rcr3 line to 32.8 %. The resulting SGLs exhibited spring-type growth and were morphologically comparable to DH16516 under greenhouse and field conditions. Using these SGLs, 35 P. brassicae field strains from Western Canada were differentiated into 24 races, with avirulence allele frequencies ranging from 22.9 % to 57.1 %. None of the six CR genes conferred universal resistance, highlighting the need for gene stacking in cultivar development. Compared with existing differential sets, these spring-type SGLs provide more precise race profiling and better represent Canadian canola backgrounds. This resource establishes a robust platform for monitoring pathogen diversity and guiding the strategic deployment of CR genes for durable clubroot resistance.

甘蓝根茎病是由甘蓝Plasmodiophora brassicae引起的，是油菜（Brassica napus）等油菜作物的主要威胁。我们培育了6个春季型甘蓝型单基因品系（SGLs），每个品系携带一个不同的棒根抗性（CR）基因（Rcr1、Rcr3、Rcr5、Rcr8、Rcr9和Rcr10），用于病原菌小种分类和支持育种策略。将rapa（‘Siloga’、‘Purple Top White Globe’、T19、ECD01）和B. napus（‘Mendel’）的CR基因通过种间或种内杂交渗透到敏感品系DH16516中，然后进行回交、标记辅助选择和小孢子培养，获得双单倍体品系。通过基因克隆证实了Rcr1的存在，而全基因组标记分析将Rcr3系的残余供体基因组减少到32.8%。所得到的SGLs在温室和田间条件下均表现出春季型生长，在形态上与DH16516相当。使用这些sls， 35P。从加拿大西部的芸苔科田间菌株中分离出24个小种，无毒等位基因频率在22.9% ~ 57.1%之间。6个CR基因中没有一个具有普遍抗性，这突出了在品种发育中基因堆叠的必要性。与现有的差分集相比，这些弹簧型SGLs提供了更精确的种族分析，更好地代表了加拿大油菜背景。这一资源为监测病原菌多样性和指导CR基因的战略部署建立了一个强大的平台，以实现持久的棍棒菌抗性。关键词。

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引用次数: 0

A series of BrGA1 allelic mutations impair gibberellin biosynthesis to affect heading in Chinese cabbage BrGA1等位基因的一系列突变破坏了赤霉素的生物合成，影响了大白菜的抽穗

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.113000

Chong Tan , Yonghui Zhao , Zifan Zhao , Zhiyong Liu , Hui Feng

Chinese cabbage, an economically important Brassicaceae vegetable widely cultivated in China, features a leafy heading trait that dictates its yield and quality. As a complex biological process, the regulatory mechanisms of leafy head formation remain incompletely understood. In this study, four low and flat non-heading mutants were identified in an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized population of the Chinese cabbage double haploid line ‘FT’. The mutants exhibited flat leaves with altered gravitropism, resulting in increased leaf angles, and failed to grow upright during the rosette stage, which ultimately impaired leafy head formation. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the non-heading phenotype in all four mutants is governed by single gene recessive inheritance. Half-diallel cross test further demonstrated that these mutants are allelic. MutMap and KASP genotyping reveals that BrGA1 was the candidate gene, which is orthologous of Arabidopsis GA REQUIRING 1, catalyzes the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to copalyl pyrophosphate of gibberellin biosynthesis. Sequence analysis revealed distinct single-nucleotide mutations within BrGA1 across all four allelic mutants, including one nonsynonymous exonic mutation and three intronic splice variants, definitively establishing function of BrGA1 in leafy head formation. Subcellular localization revealed that BrGA1 is chloroplast-localized. Exogenous GA₃ treatment partially rescued the leafy head phenotype in all four mutants. Collectively, these findings suggest that BrGA1 likely plays a pivotal role in leafy head formation and development in Chinese cabbage by regulating gibberellin biosynthesis.

白菜是中国广泛种植的一种经济上重要的芸苔科蔬菜，其叶状抽头性状决定了其产量和质量。作为一个复杂的生物学过程，叶头形成的调控机制尚不完全清楚。在大白菜双单倍体系‘FT’的甲基磺酸乙酯诱变群体中，鉴定出4个低平无结穗突变体。突变体叶片扁平，倾斜性改变，叶片角度增加，在莲座期不能直立生长，最终影响叶头的形成。遗传分析表明，4个突变体的非抽穗表型均受单基因隐性遗传控制。半双列杂交进一步证明了这些突变体是等位基因。MutMap和KASP基因分型结果显示BrGA1为候选基因，该基因是拟南芥GA REQUIRING 1的同源基因，可催化赤霉素生物合成中香叶基焦磷酸转化为共焦磷酸。序列分析显示，BrGA1在所有4个等位基因突变体中存在明显的单核苷酸突变，包括1个非同义外显子突变和3个内含子剪接突变，从而明确地确定了BrGA1在叶头形成中的功能。亚细胞定位显示BrGA1是叶绿体定位的。外源GA3处理部分恢复了所有4个突变体的叶头表型。总之，这些发现表明BrGA1可能通过调节赤霉素的生物合成在大白菜叶头形成和发育中起关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

The mechanistic insights into sex determination of melon: Integrating environmental factors, hormones and genetic regulation 甜瓜性别决定的机理：综合环境因素、激素和遗传调控

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112999

Wensheng Zhao , Kaidi Zhu , Jiangtao Ma , Ziqi He , Lanchun Nie

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important horticultural and economic crop. The flowers of melon can be classified into male flowers, female flowers and bisexual flowers, and different sex types such as andromonoecy, monoecy and androecy are categorized according to the distribution of different flowers on the same plant. In this process, sex determination regulates whether a plant develops male, female, or bisexual flowers, directly affecting fruit yield and breeding strategies. This review synthesizes research findings from 1931 to 2025 to elucidate the integrated regulatory mechanisms governing melon flower sexuality. Sex determination in melon is orchestrated by a complex interplay of environmental factors, phytohormones, and genetic pathways. Key environmental factors that influence melon sex expression encompass photoperiod, nitrogen levels, gas composition, and grafting. Hormonally, ethylene acts as a primary feminizing agent, while auxin and gibberellin effects are context-dependent. At the genetic level, a core regulatory module has been identified, centered on the ethylene biosynthesis genes CmACS7 and CmACS11, and the zinc-finger transcription factor CmWIP1. Their spatiotemporal interactions, along with recently characterized regulators such as CmCRC, CmETR1, CmEIN2, CmLHP1, CmCPR5 and CmHB40, fine-tune the development of male, female, and bisexual flowers. This study provides a foundational framework for understanding melon sex determination and supports future efforts to artificially create melon germplasms with diverse sex types.

甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）是重要的园艺和经济作物。甜瓜的花可分为雄花、雌花和两性花，并根据不同花在同一株植物上的分布来分类雄花、单花和雄花等不同的性别类型。在这一过程中，性别决定决定了植物是发育雄花、雌花还是两性花，直接影响果实产量和育种策略。本文综合1931年至2025年的研究成果，阐述了甜瓜花性的综合调控机制。甜瓜的性别决定是由环境因素、植物激素和遗传途径的复杂相互作用精心策划的。影响甜瓜性别表达的关键环境因素包括光周期、氮水平、气体成分和嫁接。在激素方面，乙烯作为主要的雌性化剂，而生长素和赤霉素的作用则依赖于环境。在遗传水平上，已经确定了一个核心调控模块，以乙烯生物合成基因CmACS7和CmACS11以及锌指转录因子CmWIP1为中心。它们的时空相互作用，以及最近发现的调节因子，如CmCRC、CmETR1、CmEIN2、CmLHP1、CmCPR5和CmHB40，微调了雄性、雌性和两性花的发育。该研究为理解甜瓜性别决定提供了基础框架，并为今后人工培育不同性别类型的甜瓜种质提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

The cytochrome P450 protein AtCYP85A2 increases stresses tolerance through promoting brassinosteroid biosynthesis in transgenic tomato 细胞色素P450蛋白AtCYP85A2通过促进转基因番茄的油菜素内酯生物合成来提高胁迫耐受性。

IF 4.1 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2026.112992

Yuanyuan Shang , Zhaoyang Tian , Kaifeng Lu , Yu Guo , Shuo Song , Zibin Song , Hongling Mo , Lizi Zhao , Hongxia Zhang , Yanqiu Zhao

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene family plays crucial roles in plant growth and development under various conditions through controlling brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, but its functions in fruit crops remain largely unexplored. Here, the Arabidopsis AtCYP85A2 gene, which encodes a BR synthase and belongs to the P450 gene family, was heterologously expressed in tomato to analyse its function in stress response. Constitutive expression of AtCYP85A2 in tomato elevated endogenous BR levels; the expression of AtCYP85A2 increased the content of BL, resulting in a 119.8 % increase compared to the WT, which promoted the growth and improved the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic tomato. Under salt and drought stress conditions, transgenic plants exhibited less phenotypic damage. Compared to the wild type, the fresh weight and dry weight of transgenic plants increased by 38.3 % and 77.8 % in salt stress, and 141.7 % and 146.2 % in drought stress, respectively. Chlorophyll content increased by 93.1 % and 262.5 %, respectively. Furthermore, transgenic plants showed enhanced antioxidant enzymatic activity and increased expression of antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes under these stress conditions. Specifically, SOD, CAT, and APX activities increased by 237.1 %, 66.2 %, and 168.8 % under salt stress, and by 234.3 %, 68.8 %, and 108.2 % under drought stress, respectively. Collectively, these findings indicated that AtCYP85A2 positively regulates salt and drought tolerance in tomato via the modulation of ion homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, highlighting its potential as a target gene for enhancing stress tolerance in fruit crops.

细胞色素P450 （CYP）基因家族通过调控油菜素内酯（brassino类固醇，BR）的生物合成，在各种条件下的植物生长发育中起着至关重要的作用，但其在水果作物中的功能尚未得到充分研究。本研究利用P450基因家族中编码BR合成酶的拟南芥AtCYP85A2基因在番茄中的异源表达，分析其在胁迫反应中的功能。AtCYP85A2在番茄内源BR水平升高中的组成性表达AtCYP85A2的表达提高了转基因番茄的BL含量，比WT增加了119.8%，促进了转基因番茄的生长，提高了转基因番茄的耐盐性和耐旱性。在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫条件下，转基因植株表现出较少的表型损害。与野生型相比，盐胁迫下转基因植株鲜重和干重分别提高了38.3%和77.8%，干旱胁迫下转基因植株鲜重和干重分别提高了141.7%和146.2%。叶绿素含量分别提高了93.1%和262.5%。此外，转基因植物在这些胁迫条件下表现出增强的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化酶编码基因的表达增加。其中，SOD、CAT和APX活性在盐胁迫下分别提高了237.1%、66.2%和168.8%，在干旱胁迫下分别提高了234.3%、68.8%和108.2%。综上所述，AtCYP85A2通过调控离子稳态和活性氧（ROS）代谢正向调节番茄的耐盐性和耐旱性，突出了其作为增强水果作物抗逆性的靶基因的潜力。

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引用次数: 0