Ubiquitination is a highly conserved post-translational modification (PTM) in which ubiquitin (Ub) is covalently attached to substrate proteins resulting in the alteration of protein structure, function, and stability. Another class of PTM mediated by ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) has gained significant attention among researchers in recent years. This article focuses on one such UBL-mediated PTM i.e. UFMylation. The enzymatic mechanism of UFMylation is similar to ubiquitination, involving three steps regulated by three different enzymes. In plants, reports suggest that UFMylation is predominantly involved in maintaining ER homeostasis including ER-phagy. However, studies related to this PTM are limited and future studies might reveal other molecular pathways regulated by UFMylation.
{"title":"UFMylation: Exploring a lesser known post translational modification","authors":"Rohit Sharma , Oceania Chirom , Abdul Mujib , Manoj Prasad , Ashish Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ubiquitination is a highly conserved post-translational modification (PTM) in which ubiquitin (Ub) is covalently attached to substrate proteins resulting in the alteration of protein structure, function, and stability. Another class of PTM mediated by ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) has gained significant attention among researchers in recent years. This article focuses on one such UBL-mediated PTM i.e. UFMylation. The enzymatic mechanism of UFMylation is similar to ubiquitination, involving three steps regulated by three different enzymes. In plants, reports suggest that UFMylation is predominantly involved in maintaining ER homeostasis including ER-phagy. However, studies related to this PTM are limited and future studies might reveal other molecular pathways regulated by UFMylation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 112435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112431
Ali Muhammad , Muhammad Hafeez Ullah Khan , Xiangjun Kong , Shuaichao Zheng , Na Bai , Lijie Li , Nina Zhang , Sajid Muhammad , Zengqiang Li , Xiaotian Zhang , Chen Miao , Zhiyong Zhang
Plants often encounter incompatible growing conditions, such as drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and heavy metals, which negatively impact their growth and development, resulting in reduced yield and, in severe cases, plant death. These stresses trigger the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), which help plants develop strategies to deter enemies, combat pathogens, outcompete competitors, and overcome environmental restraints. PSMs are released into the rhizosphere and play crucial roles in plant defense and communication. The multifunctionality of PSMs offers new insights into the plant intricate adaptive responses, which can refine our understanding of plant tolerance mechanisms in challenging environments. Thus, elucidating the chemical composition and functions of plant-derived specialized metabolites in the rhizosphere is the key to understanding interactions in this belowground environment. In this review, we aim to elucidate how PSMs exudation shapes the activities and abundance of the rhizosphere microbiome. We also highlight key environmental factors that regulate the structure and diversity of microbial communities. Finally, we discuss various preventive roles of PSMs, exploring how plants recruit microbes preemptively to mitigate diverse abiotic stresses. Additionally, we emphasize the significant contribution of phenolic compounds to the antioxidant defense response in plants, regulated through the shikimate pathway and is considered as a distinctive plant stress resilience component as compared to other PSMs under abiotic stress. Collectively, this study reveals the significance of understanding the multifaceted crosstalk between PSMs and the microbiome, which will facilitate the potential for developing methods to manipulate PSMs-microbiome interaction with predictive outcomes for sustainable crop production.
{"title":"Rhizospheric crosstalk: A mechanistic overview of how plant secondary metabolites alleviate abiotic stresses","authors":"Ali Muhammad , Muhammad Hafeez Ullah Khan , Xiangjun Kong , Shuaichao Zheng , Na Bai , Lijie Li , Nina Zhang , Sajid Muhammad , Zengqiang Li , Xiaotian Zhang , Chen Miao , Zhiyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants often encounter incompatible growing conditions, such as drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and heavy metals, which negatively impact their growth and development, resulting in reduced yield and, in severe cases, plant death. These stresses trigger the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), which help plants develop strategies to deter enemies, combat pathogens, outcompete competitors, and overcome environmental restraints. PSMs are released into the rhizosphere and play crucial roles in plant defense and communication. The multifunctionality of PSMs offers new insights into the plant intricate adaptive responses, which can refine our understanding of plant tolerance mechanisms in challenging environments. Thus, elucidating the chemical composition and functions of plant-derived specialized metabolites in the rhizosphere is the key to understanding interactions in this belowground environment. In this review, we aim to elucidate how PSMs exudation shapes the activities and abundance of the rhizosphere microbiome. We also highlight key environmental factors that regulate the structure and diversity of microbial communities. Finally, we discuss various preventive roles of PSMs, exploring how plants recruit microbes preemptively to mitigate diverse abiotic stresses. Additionally, we emphasize the significant contribution of phenolic compounds to the antioxidant defense response in plants, regulated through the shikimate pathway and is considered as a distinctive plant stress resilience component as compared to other PSMs under abiotic stress. Collectively, this study reveals the significance of understanding the multifaceted crosstalk between PSMs and the microbiome, which will facilitate the potential for developing methods to manipulate PSMs-microbiome interaction with predictive outcomes for sustainable crop production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 112431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112439
Benjamin D. Hafner , Olivia Pietz , William L. King , Jacob B. Scharfetter , Taryn L. Bauerle
Root exudates impact soil-plant-microbe interactions and play important roles in ecosystem functioning and plant growth. During early plant development the root rhizosphere may change drastically. For maize (Zea mays L.), one of the world’s most important crop species, little is known about root exudation patterns during early plant development. We determined abundance and composition of root exudation among maize genotypes from five inbred lines across three early plant development stages (Emergence, V1–2, and V3–4). We characterized the exudates for non-purgeable organic carbon and performed non-targeted metabolomics with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Across all genotypes, plant development stage had a significant influence on both abundance and composition of exudates. Exudation rates (mg C per cm2 root area d−1) were highest in the emergence stage and logarithmically decreased with plant development. In the emergence stage, the roots released predominantly sugars (most indicative: glucose and fructose) and the metabolite richness was generally higher than in later stages. Secondary compounds (e.g. phenolics, benzoxazinoids, or mucilage) increased significantly in later development stages. Differences in the composition of exudates between genotypes may be related to their respective development strategies, with genotypes accumulating more biomass releasing relatively more compounds related to root establishment (growth and rhizosphere development, e.g. mucilage, fatty and organic acids) and slower developing genotypes relatively more metabolites related to maintenance and defense (e.g. phenolics). Our results shed light onto the early dynamics of maize root exudation and rhizosphere establishment, over a phenotypical spectrum of genotypes.
{"title":"Early developmental shifts in root exudation profiles of five Zea mays L. genotypes","authors":"Benjamin D. Hafner , Olivia Pietz , William L. King , Jacob B. Scharfetter , Taryn L. Bauerle","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root exudates impact soil-plant-microbe interactions and play important roles in ecosystem functioning and plant growth. During early plant development the root rhizosphere may change drastically. For maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.), one of the world’s most important crop species, little is known about root exudation patterns during early plant development. We determined abundance and composition of root exudation among maize genotypes from five inbred lines across three early plant development stages (Emergence, V1–2, and V3–4). We characterized the exudates for non-purgeable organic carbon and performed non-targeted metabolomics with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Across all genotypes, plant development stage had a significant influence on both abundance and composition of exudates. Exudation rates (mg C per cm<sup>2</sup> root area d<sup>−1</sup>) were highest in the emergence stage and logarithmically decreased with plant development. In the emergence stage, the roots released predominantly sugars (most indicative: glucose and fructose) and the metabolite richness was generally higher than in later stages. Secondary compounds (e.g. phenolics, benzoxazinoids, or mucilage) increased significantly in later development stages. Differences in the composition of exudates between genotypes may be related to their respective development strategies, with genotypes accumulating more biomass releasing relatively more compounds related to root establishment (growth and rhizosphere development, e.g. mucilage, fatty and organic acids) and slower developing genotypes relatively more metabolites related to maintenance and defense (e.g. phenolics). Our results shed light onto the early dynamics of maize root exudation and rhizosphere establishment, over a phenotypical spectrum of genotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 112439"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112438
A. Marzal , A. Cervera , C. Blasco , A. Martínez-Fuentes , C. Reig , R. Lo Bianco , C. Mesejo , M. Agustí
Flowering is crucial for the productivity of fruit trees. In Citrus, the presence of fruit and the position of the bud on the shoot influence meristem fate in the following spring. However, the endogenous signals from the fruit or apical bud that prevent flower meristem formation remain unknown. Auxin, the main hormone synthesized by dominant organs, regulates plant architecture, but its role as the fruit signal that prevents flowering is unclear. This uncertainty arises because auxin modulates bud initiation, which coincides with floral meristem differentiation in Citrus. Our working hypothesis is that auxin synthesis in the meristem is necessary for initiating floral differentiation. Our experiments covered two dominance conditions, apical dominance and fruit-meristem dominance, and show that meristems unable to reactivate cell division (CYCB2), auxin synthesis (YUCCA4, TRN2), and transport (PIN3) fail to activate LEAFY (LFY) expression during floral differentiation. In the apical dominance model, although all leaves can express FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT3) relative to node position, high polar auxin transport from the most developed buds inhibits bud release in basal buds, indirectly affecting floral differentiation. Gibberellin (GA1, GA4, GA20, GA9) and cytokinin (IP) content in the stem and buds did not correlate bud release inhibition. In the fruit-meristem model, the fruit also induced strong auxin transport in the stem and inhibited bud release, but it is concluded that the fruit inhibition of flower induction requires an additional mechanism beyond auxin flux.
{"title":"Influence of stem and bud auxin levels on bud release and flower meristem formation in Citrus","authors":"A. Marzal , A. Cervera , C. Blasco , A. Martínez-Fuentes , C. Reig , R. Lo Bianco , C. Mesejo , M. Agustí","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flowering is crucial for the productivity of fruit trees. In Citrus, the presence of fruit and the position of the bud on the shoot influence meristem fate in the following spring. However, the endogenous signals from the fruit or apical bud that prevent flower meristem formation remain unknown. Auxin, the main hormone synthesized by dominant organs, regulates plant architecture, but its role as the fruit signal that prevents flowering is unclear. This uncertainty arises because auxin modulates bud initiation, which coincides with floral meristem differentiation in Citrus. Our working hypothesis is that auxin synthesis in the meristem is necessary for initiating floral differentiation. Our experiments covered two dominance conditions, apical dominance and fruit-meristem dominance, and show that meristems unable to reactivate cell division (<em>CYCB2</em>), auxin synthesis (<em>YUCCA4</em>, <em>TRN2</em>), and transport (<em>PIN3</em>) fail to activate <em>LEAFY</em> (<em>LFY</em>) expression during floral differentiation. In the apical dominance model, although all leaves can express <em>FLOWERING LOCUS T</em> (<em>CiFT3</em>) relative to node position, high polar auxin transport from the most developed buds inhibits bud release in basal buds, indirectly affecting floral differentiation. Gibberellin (GA<sub>1</sub>, GA<sub>4</sub>, GA<sub>20</sub>, GA<sub>9</sub>) and cytokinin (IP) content in the stem and buds did not correlate bud release inhibition. In the fruit-meristem model, the fruit also induced strong auxin transport in the stem and inhibited bud release, but it is concluded that the fruit inhibition of flower induction requires an additional mechanism beyond auxin flux.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 112438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112432
Simrandeep Kaur, Ashna Adhikari , Benjamin Welsh, Heather N. Gosse, Izailda Barbosa dos Santos, Wenshan Liu, Kathy S. Lawrence, Sang-Wook Park
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are a major threat to agriculturally important crops, resulting in substantial yield losses and economic repercussions. However, the underlying modes of plant-PPN interactions remain largely elusive. Here, we describe a critical role of cyclophilin (CYP)20–3, a plastid dual enzyme [i.e., peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) and reductase) in plant basal resistance against PPN attacks. Originally, in order to define a present working model of whether plant roots deploy hypersensitive response (HR) to restrict PPN infections, we co-imaged the ‘real-time’ interactions of a proposed HR system, cotton LONREN-1 vs. Rotylenchulus reniformis. The root imaginings, however, revealed no clear HR pattern, instead underpinning a negative relationship between PPN populations and extended root hair growth. The latter was then identified to couple with the spatial expression of PPIases, including homologs of CYP20‐3, a known receptor of 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) signal. To elaborate these findings further, we employed a reverse generic approach using a model plant Arabidopsis, and illuminated that knockout cyp20‐3 mutants i) abnormalize root hair formations and ii) enhance susceptibility to PPN, Meloidogyne hapla, challenges. Nevertheless, M. hapla infections did not induce OPDA synthesis and signaling marker gene expressions in Arabidopsis roots. In parallel, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing mutant CYP20‐3s defective OPDA-binding/signaling (H140Q) or PPIase (F74L) could still improve plant PPN defenses, whereas the overexpression of CYP20‐3C129S (−reductase) demonstrated WT-level galling formations. Thus, we conclude that OPDA-independent CYP20-3-reductase signaling plays a key role in the plant defense metabolic pathway, fortifying protective barriers and conferring innate resistance against PPN attacks.
{"title":"Cyclophilin 20‐3 coordinates plant root hair growth and resistance against parasitic nematodes","authors":"Simrandeep Kaur, Ashna Adhikari , Benjamin Welsh, Heather N. Gosse, Izailda Barbosa dos Santos, Wenshan Liu, Kathy S. Lawrence, Sang-Wook Park","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are a major threat to agriculturally important crops, resulting in substantial yield losses and economic repercussions. However, the underlying modes of plant-PPN interactions remain largely elusive. Here, we describe a critical role of cyclophilin (CYP)20–3, a plastid dual enzyme [i.e., peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) and reductase) in plant basal resistance against PPN attacks. Originally, in order to define a present working model of whether plant roots deploy hypersensitive response (HR) to restrict PPN infections, we co-imaged the ‘real-time’ interactions of a proposed HR system, cotton LONREN-1 vs. <em>Rotylenchulus reniformis</em>. The root imaginings, however, revealed no clear HR pattern, instead underpinning a negative relationship between PPN populations and extended root hair growth. The latter was then identified to couple with the spatial expression of <em>PPIases,</em> including homologs of <em>CYP20‐3</em>, a known receptor of 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) signal. To elaborate these findings further, we employed a reverse generic approach using a model plant Arabidopsis, and illuminated that knockout <em>cyp20‐3</em> mutants <em><strong>i</strong></em>) abnormalize root hair formations and <em><strong>ii</strong></em>) enhance susceptibility to PPN, <em>Meloidogyne hapla</em>, challenges. Nevertheless, <em>M. hapla</em> infections did not induce OPDA synthesis and signaling marker gene expressions in Arabidopsis roots. In parallel, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing mutant <em>CYP20‐3s</em> defective OPDA-binding/signaling (<em>H140Q</em>) or PPIase (<em>F74L</em>) could still improve plant PPN defenses, whereas the overexpression of <em>CYP20‐3C129S</em> (−reductase) demonstrated WT-level galling formations. Thus, we conclude that OPDA-independent CYP20-3-reductase signaling plays a key role in the plant defense metabolic pathway, fortifying protective barriers and conferring innate resistance against PPN attacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 112432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Application of Brachypodium genotypes to the analysis of type II resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB)” [Plant Sci. 272 (2018) 255–266]","authors":"Peisen Su, Xiuxiu Guo, Yanhui Fan, Liang Wang, Guanghui Yu, Wenyang Ge, Lanfei Zhao, Xin Ma, Jiajie Wu, Anfei Li, Hongwei Wang, Lingrang Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112429","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112430
Yating Huang , Kaili Huang , Minhuan Zhang , Wenxuan Bu , Xingyu Yang , Jianing Tian , Yu Huang
Distylium chinense has strong ecological adaptability and high ornamental value, which should have broad application prospects in urban landscaping. However, its low cutting rooting rate and slow rooting speed, as well as limited varietal numbers, have hindered its promotion and application in landscape. This study aims to reveal the development characteristics of adventitious roots (AR) and the regulation mechanism of endogenous hormones during the cutting propagation. Through cutting propagation and paraffin section technology, combined with immunohistochemical localization and hormone quantitative analysis, the morphogenesis of cuttings and the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones were comprehensively analyzed. The study found that the development of AR experienced three stages: induction period, expression period and elongation period, and the root primordium originated from vascular cambium, phloem, cortex and callus. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signals accumulated in different tissues with the development of AR. IAA content showed a trend of ' decrease-increase ', zeatin riboside (ZR) and gibberellin (GA3) content showed a trend of ' decrease-increase-decrease ', while ABA content showed a trend of ' increase-decrease-increase ' in the treatment group, which was compared with the ' decrease-increase ' trend of the control group. These results not only indicate that the development process of AR is closely related to the temporal and spatial changes of endogenous hormones, but also provide a new theoretical basis for the cultivation of new varieties and industrial production of D. chinense.
{"title":"Study on adventitious root induction and endogenous hormone dynamics during cutting propagation of Distylium chinense","authors":"Yating Huang , Kaili Huang , Minhuan Zhang , Wenxuan Bu , Xingyu Yang , Jianing Tian , Yu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Distylium chinense</em> has strong ecological adaptability and high ornamental value, which should have broad application prospects in urban landscaping. However, its low cutting rooting rate and slow rooting speed, as well as limited varietal numbers, have hindered its promotion and application in landscape. This study aims to reveal the development characteristics of adventitious roots (AR) and the regulation mechanism of endogenous hormones during the cutting propagation. Through cutting propagation and paraffin section technology, combined with immunohistochemical localization and hormone quantitative analysis, the morphogenesis of cuttings and the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones were comprehensively analyzed. The study found that the development of AR experienced three stages: induction period, expression period and elongation period, and the root primordium originated from vascular cambium, phloem, cortex and callus. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signals accumulated in different tissues with the development of AR. IAA content showed a trend of ' decrease-increase ', zeatin riboside (ZR) and gibberellin (GA<sub>3</sub>) content showed a trend of ' decrease-increase-decrease ', while ABA content showed a trend of ' increase-decrease-increase ' in the treatment group, which was compared with the ' decrease-increase ' trend of the control group. These results not only indicate that the development process of AR is closely related to the temporal and spatial changes of endogenous hormones, but also provide a new theoretical basis for the cultivation of new varieties and industrial production of <em>D. chinense</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112426
Harshad A. Shirke , Ashwini M. Darshetkar , Vikas B. Naikawadi , P.B. Kavi Kishor , Tukaram D. Nikam , Vitthal T. Barvkar
Sterols produced by bacteria and all eukaryotic organisms are essential for membrane functionality and stability. They play a vital role in growth, development and in abiotic stress tolerance. They are involved in diverse responses to biotic and abiotic stresses that lead to providing resistance against multiple diseases. Additionally, sterols serve as defensive compounds against herbivorous insects and animals. Phytosterols derived from plants, improve human nutrition and health and cure different ailments. The biosynthetic pathways for sterols and triterpenes exhibit similarities until the synthesis of 2,3-oxidosqualene. The complexity of sterol pathways increases during the advanced stages of polycyclic structure synthesis, and remain poorly comprehended in plants. This review explores the various omics techniques used to unveil the functions of genes associated with the phytosterol pathways. The study investigates the biosynthetic gene clusters to clarify the structural arrangements of genes linked to metabolic pathways. Both the upstream and downstream genes associated with these pathways, as well as their evolutionary connections and interrelations within the pathways were brought to the forefront. Moreover, developing strategies to unravel the biosynthesis completely and their multi-layered regulation are crucial to comprehend the global roles that sterols play in plant growth, development, stress tolerance and in imparting defence against pathogens.
{"title":"Genomics of sterols biosynthesis in plants: Current status and future prospects","authors":"Harshad A. Shirke , Ashwini M. Darshetkar , Vikas B. Naikawadi , P.B. Kavi Kishor , Tukaram D. Nikam , Vitthal T. Barvkar","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sterols produced by bacteria and all eukaryotic organisms are essential for membrane functionality and stability. They play a vital role in growth, development and in abiotic stress tolerance. They are involved in diverse responses to biotic and abiotic stresses that lead to providing resistance against multiple diseases. Additionally, sterols serve as defensive compounds against herbivorous insects and animals. Phytosterols derived from plants, improve human nutrition and health and cure different ailments. The biosynthetic pathways for sterols and triterpenes exhibit similarities until the synthesis of 2,3-oxidosqualene. The complexity of sterol pathways increases during the advanced stages of polycyclic structure synthesis, and remain poorly comprehended in plants. This review explores the various omics techniques used to unveil the functions of genes associated with the phytosterol pathways. The study investigates the biosynthetic gene clusters to clarify the structural arrangements of genes linked to metabolic pathways. Both the upstream and downstream genes associated with these pathways, as well as their evolutionary connections and interrelations within the pathways were brought to the forefront. Moreover, developing strategies to unravel the biosynthesis completely and their multi-layered regulation are crucial to comprehend the global roles that sterols play in plant growth, development, stress tolerance and in imparting defence against pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112428
Hansheng Zhang , Tinghui Feng , Qinxiang Chang
The synthesis of lipids in plants is essential for their growth and development, and it has wide-ranging applications in various fields, including diet and industry. In the majority of plants, the principal unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are three C18 varieties: oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), and α-linolenic acid (18:3). Despite the clear delineation of the principal biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids in plants, numerous unresolved issues persist. The regulation of transcription factors can significantly influence the rate of fatty acid synthesis in plants. Consequently, several transcription factors associated with oil synthesis have been identified in recent years, among which the WRINKLED1 (WRI1) and V-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) transcription factors play central roles. This study will explain how plants make essential lipids, bring up many unanswered questions, and describe the regulatory network of many transcription factors involved in oil production, with a focus on recent progress in research related to WRI1 and MYB1. The aim is to provide insights for the biological cultivation of high-quality oilseed crops.
{"title":"Impact of molecular regulation on plant oil synthesis","authors":"Hansheng Zhang , Tinghui Feng , Qinxiang Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of lipids in plants is essential for their growth and development, and it has wide-ranging applications in various fields, including diet and industry. In the majority of plants, the principal unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are three C18 varieties: oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), and α-linolenic acid (18:3). Despite the clear delineation of the principal biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids in plants, numerous unresolved issues persist. The regulation of transcription factors can significantly influence the rate of fatty acid synthesis in plants. Consequently, several transcription factors associated with oil synthesis have been identified in recent years, among which the WRINKLED1 (WRI1) and V-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) transcription factors play central roles. This study will explain how plants make essential lipids, bring up many unanswered questions, and describe the regulatory network of many transcription factors involved in oil production, with a focus on recent progress in research related to WRI1 and MYB1. The aim is to provide insights for the biological cultivation of high-quality oilseed crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 112428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112427
Jing Zhou , Sha Lin , Xinhao Luo , Lixue Sun , Jin Chen , Beijiu Cheng , Xiaoyu Li
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important symbiotic microorganisms in the soil that form reciprocal relationships with most plants to enhance their ability to absorb nutrients from the soil. The establishment of symbiosis between plants and AMF involves complex molecular mechanisms, and the SYMRK (Symbiosis receptor-like kinase) plays a pivotal role in the establishment of symbiosis. Maize (Zea mays) is a globally significant crop and one of the hosts for AMF, but research on AMF symbiosis-related genes in maize is limited. In this study, we identified a symbiosis receptor-like kinase in maize, named ZmSYMRK, which corresponds to the ortholog gene OsSYMRK in rice. ZmSYMRK encodes a cell membrane-localized protein kinase that is crucial for AMF colonization. We demonstrated that ZmSYMRK deletion resulted in severe defects in maize symbiosis with AMF. The colonization rates of zmsymrk mutants were significantly reduced at three different time points, and the colonization defects did not recover with prolonged colonization time. Furthermore, the deletion of the ZmSYMRK gene severely affected plant growth under low phosphorus conditions, and the growth defects of the mutants were even more pronounced after symbiosis. We conclude that ZmSYMRK plays a crucial role in both plant growth and the establishment of symbiotic relationships with AMF.
{"title":"SYMRK significantly affected AMF symbiosis and plant growth in maize","authors":"Jing Zhou , Sha Lin , Xinhao Luo , Lixue Sun , Jin Chen , Beijiu Cheng , Xiaoyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important symbiotic microorganisms in the soil that form reciprocal relationships with most plants to enhance their ability to absorb nutrients from the soil. The establishment of symbiosis between plants and AMF involves complex molecular mechanisms, and the SYMRK (Symbiosis receptor-like kinase) plays a pivotal role in the establishment of symbiosis. Maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) is a globally significant crop and one of the hosts for AMF, but research on AMF symbiosis-related genes in maize is limited. In this study, we identified a symbiosis receptor-like kinase in maize, named <em>ZmSYMRK</em>, which corresponds to the ortholog gene <em>OsSYMRK</em> in rice. ZmSYMRK encodes a cell membrane-localized protein kinase that is crucial for AMF colonization. We demonstrated that <em>ZmSYMRK</em> deletion resulted in severe defects in maize symbiosis with AMF. The colonization rates of <em>zmsymrk</em> mutants were significantly reduced at three different time points, and the colonization defects did not recover with prolonged colonization time. Furthermore, the deletion of the <em>ZmSYMRK</em> gene severely affected plant growth under low phosphorus conditions, and the growth defects of the mutants were even more pronounced after symbiosis. We conclude that <em>ZmSYMRK</em> plays a crucial role in both plant growth and the establishment of symbiotic relationships with AMF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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