Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112279
Xunju Liu, Wanxia Sun, Haobo Liu, Li Wang, Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Jiyuan Wang, Songtao Jiu, Caixi Zhang
SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes are plant-specific transcription factors essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Their roles in sweet cherry are not well understood. In this study, we identified and isolated 16 SPL genes from the sweet cherry genome, categorizing them into 5 subfamilies, with 12 PavSPLs predicted as miR156 targets. Promoter regions of PavSPLs contain cis-elements associated with light, stress, and phytohormone responses, indicating their role in biological processes and abiotic stress responses. Seasonal expression analysis showed that PavSPL regulates sweet cherry recovery after dormancy. Gibberellin (GA) treatment reduced PavSPL expression, indicating its role in GA-mediated processes. PavSPL14 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in earlier flowering and increased plant height and growth. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed an interaction between PavSPL14 and DELLA protein PavDWARF8, suggesting PavSPL14 and PavDWARF8 co-regulate growth and development. These findings lay the groundwork for further research on PavSPL function in sweet cherry.
{"title":"PavSPLs are key regulators of growth, development, and stress response in sweet cherry","authors":"Xunju Liu, Wanxia Sun, Haobo Liu, Li Wang, Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Jiyuan Wang, Songtao Jiu, Caixi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE</em> (<em>SPL</em>) genes are plant-specific transcription factors essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Their roles in sweet cherry are not well understood. In this study, we identified and isolated 16 <em>SPL</em> genes from the sweet cherry genome, categorizing them into 5 subfamilies, with 12 <em>PavSPLs</em> predicted as miR156 targets. Promoter regions of <em>PavSPLs</em> contain <em>cis</em>-elements associated with light, stress, and phytohormone responses, indicating their role in biological processes and abiotic stress responses. Seasonal expression analysis showed that <em>PavSPL</em> regulates sweet cherry recovery after dormancy. Gibberellin (GA) treatment reduced <em>PavSPL</em> expression, indicating its role in GA-mediated processes. <em>PavSPL14 overexpression</em> in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> resulted in earlier flowering and increased plant height and growth. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed an interaction between PavSPL14 and DELLA protein PavDWARF8, suggesting PavSPL14 and PavDWARF8 co-regulate growth and development. These findings lay the groundwork for further research on <em>PavSPL</em> function in sweet cherry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112283
Yu Guo , Yang-Xin Shi , Shuo Song , Yan-Qiu Zhao , Meng-Zhu Lu
Phloem fiber is a key component of phloem tissue and is involved in supporting its structural integrity. NAC domain transcription factors are master switches that regulate secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis in xylem fibers, but the mechanism by which NACs regulate phloem fiber development remains unexplored. Here, a NAC2-like gene in poplar, PagNAC2a, was shown to be involved in phloem fiber differentiation. qRT-PCR and GUS staining revealed that PagNAC2a was specifically expressed in the phloem zone of poplar stems. The overexpression of PagNAC2a in poplar increased plant biomass by increasing plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area. Stem anatomy analysis revealed that overexpression of PagNAC2a resulted in enhanced phloem fiber differentiation and cell wall deposition. In addition, PagNAC2a directly upregulated the expression of PagATL2, a gene involved in phloem development, as revealed by yeast one hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays. Overall, we proposed that the PagNAC2a was a positive regulator of phloem fiber development in poplar, and these results provided insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation of phloem fibers.
{"title":"PagNAC2a promotes phloem fiber development by regulating PagATL2 in poplar","authors":"Yu Guo , Yang-Xin Shi , Shuo Song , Yan-Qiu Zhao , Meng-Zhu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phloem fiber is a key component of phloem tissue and is involved in supporting its structural integrity. NAC domain transcription factors are master switches that regulate secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis in xylem fibers, but the mechanism by which NACs regulate phloem fiber development remains unexplored. Here, a <em>NAC2</em>-like gene in poplar, <em>PagNAC2a</em>, was shown to be involved in phloem fiber differentiation. qRT-PCR and GUS staining revealed that <em>PagNAC2a</em> was specifically expressed in the phloem zone of poplar stems. The overexpression of <em>PagNAC2a</em> in poplar increased plant biomass by increasing plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area. Stem anatomy analysis revealed that overexpression of <em>PagNAC2a</em> resulted in enhanced phloem fiber differentiation and cell wall deposition. In addition, PagNAC2a directly upregulated the expression of <em>PagATL2</em>, a gene involved in phloem development, as revealed by yeast one hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays. Overall, we proposed that the PagNAC2a was a positive regulator of phloem fiber development in poplar, and these results provided insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation of phloem fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112290
Qian Zhou , Tianhui Qu , Dan Li , Yushan Zheng , Liting Zhang , Ying Li , Jianjun Wang , Xilin Hou , Tongkun Liu
Flower color is important in determining the ornamental value of Brassica species. However, our knowledge about the regulation of flower color in pak choi [Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis] is limited. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying white flower traits in pak choi by analyzing a genetic population with white and yellow flowers. Our genetic analysis revealed that the white trait is controlled by a single recessive gene called Bcwf. Through BSA-Seq and fine mapping, we identified a candidate gene, BraC02g039450.1, which is similar to Arabidopsis AtPES2 involved in carotenoid ester synthesis. Sequence analysis showed some mutations in the promoter region of Bcwf in white flowers. Tobacco transient assay confirmed that these mutations reduce the promoter's activity, leading to downregulation of Bcwf expression in white flowers. Furthermore, the silencing of Bcwf in pak choi resulted in lighter petal color and reduced carotenoid content. These findings provide new insights into the molecular regulation of white flower traits in pak choi and highlight the importance of Bcwf in petal coloring and carotenoid accumulation.
{"title":"Bcwf regulates the white petal color in pak choi [Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis]","authors":"Qian Zhou , Tianhui Qu , Dan Li , Yushan Zheng , Liting Zhang , Ying Li , Jianjun Wang , Xilin Hou , Tongkun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flower color is important in determining the ornamental value of Brassica species. However, our knowledge about the regulation of flower color in pak choi [<em>Brassica campestris</em> (syn. <em>Brassica rapa</em>) ssp. <em>chinensis</em>] is limited. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying white flower traits in pak choi by analyzing a genetic population with white and yellow flowers. Our genetic analysis revealed that the white trait is controlled by a single recessive gene called <em>Bcwf</em>. Through BSA-Seq and fine mapping, we identified a candidate gene, <em>BraC02g039450.1</em>, which is similar to Arabidopsis <em>AtPES2</em> involved in carotenoid ester synthesis. Sequence analysis showed some mutations in the promoter region of <em>Bcwf</em> in white flowers. Tobacco transient assay confirmed that these mutations reduce the promoter's activity, leading to downregulation of <em>Bcwf</em> expression in white flowers. Furthermore, the silencing of <em>Bcwf</em> in pak choi resulted in lighter petal color and reduced carotenoid content. These findings provide new insights into the molecular regulation of white flower traits in pak choi and highlight the importance of <em>Bcwf</em> in petal coloring and carotenoid accumulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), a vital fruit crop, is highly susceptible to abiotic stresses, especially drought, which poses a major threat to its growth and productivity. Phospholipase D (PLD) genes are pivotal in orchestrating plant responses to abiotic stresses, acting as key regulators in stress adaptation mechanisms. This study systematically identified and functionally characterized the entire PLD gene family in P. bretschneideri through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. A total of 20 PbrPLD genes were identified, and they were categorized into five subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. chromosome localization, gene structure, and conserved motif analyses revealed that these genes have diverse evolutionary histories. Cis-acting element analysis and expression profiling under drought stress indicated that several PbrPLD genes, particularly PbrPLD2, are strongly induced by drought. Overexpression of PbrPLD2 in both Arabidopsis thaliana and pear demonstrated enhanced drought tolerance through improved stomatal closure and increased expression of drought-responsive genes. These findings highlight the critical role of PbrPLD2 in drought resistance and provide a theoretical and experimental foundation for molecular breeding in pear and other fruit crops.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification of the Phospholipase D (PLD) gene family in Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) and the role of PbrPLD2 in drought resistance","authors":"Likun Lin , Kaili Yuan , Xiaosan Huang , Shaoling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Chinese white pear (<em>Pyrus bretschneideri</em>), a vital fruit crop, is highly susceptible to abiotic stresses, especially drought, which poses a major threat to its growth and productivity. Phospholipase D (PLD) genes are pivotal in orchestrating plant responses to abiotic stresses, acting as key regulators in stress adaptation mechanisms. This study systematically identified and functionally characterized the entire PLD gene family in <em>P. bretschneideri</em> through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. A total of 20 PbrPLD genes were identified, and they were categorized into five subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. chromosome localization, gene structure, and conserved motif analyses revealed that these genes have diverse evolutionary histories. Cis-acting element analysis and expression profiling under drought stress indicated that several PbrPLD genes, particularly <em>PbrPLD2</em>, are strongly induced by drought. Overexpression of PbrPLD2 in both <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> and pear demonstrated enhanced drought tolerance through improved stomatal closure and increased expression of drought-responsive genes. These findings highlight the critical role of PbrPLD2 in drought resistance and provide a theoretical and experimental foundation for molecular breeding in pear and other fruit crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112288
Yi Tang , Hang Rong , Xingchen Jia , Yinglong Chen , Zishu Wang , Jinyi Wei , Chenyi Yang , Jianfu Liu , Mingyuan Wang , Hailing Yu , Qizhi Wang
Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of most plants. In banana (Musa acuminata L.), microRNA160a (miR160a) is suggested to potentially contribute to the response to low K+ stress by modulating the auxin signaling pathway. However, further investigation is required to elucidate its specific regulatory mechanism. This study presents evidence highlighting the critical role of the miR160a-Auxin Response Factor 18 (ARF18) module in conferring low K+ tolerance in banana. Both miR160a and its predicted target gene ARF18 displayed elevated expression levels in banana roots, with their expression profiles significantly altered under low K+ stress. The inhibitory effect of mac-miR160a on the expression of MaARF18-like-2 was confirmed through tobacco transient transformation and dual-Luciferase reporter assay. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing mac-miR160a (mac-miR160a OE) exhibited enhanced tolerance to low K+ stress. Conversely, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing MaARF18-like-2 (MaARF18-like-2 OE) displayed increased sensitivity to K+ deficiency. Additionally, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that MaARF18-like-2 mediates the response of Arabidopsis to low K+ stress by influencing the expression of genes associated with Ca2+, ion transport, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of the miR160a-ARF18-like-2 module in the plant response to low K+ stress.
{"title":"Unveiling the molecular symphony: MicroRNA160a-Auxin Response Factor 18 module orchestrates low potassium tolerance in banana (Musa acuminata L.)","authors":"Yi Tang , Hang Rong , Xingchen Jia , Yinglong Chen , Zishu Wang , Jinyi Wei , Chenyi Yang , Jianfu Liu , Mingyuan Wang , Hailing Yu , Qizhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of most plants. In banana (<em>Musa acuminata</em> L.), <em>microRNA160a</em> (<em>miR160a</em>) is suggested to potentially contribute to the response to low K<sup>+</sup> stress by modulating the auxin signaling pathway. However, further investigation is required to elucidate its specific regulatory mechanism. This study presents evidence highlighting the critical role of the <em>miR160a</em>-<em>Auxin Response Factor 18</em> (<em>ARF18</em>) module in conferring low K<sup>+</sup> tolerance in banana. Both <em>miR160a</em> and its predicted target gene <em>ARF18</em> displayed elevated expression levels in banana roots, with their expression profiles significantly altered under low K<sup>+</sup> stress. The inhibitory effect of <em>mac-miR160a</em> on the expression of <em>MaARF18-like-2</em> was confirmed through tobacco transient transformation and dual-Luciferase reporter assay. Surprisingly, <em>Arabidopsis</em> lines overexpressing <em>mac-miR160a</em> (<em>mac-miR160a</em> OE) exhibited enhanced tolerance to low K<sup>+</sup> stress. Conversely, <em>Arabidopsis</em> lines overexpressing <em>MaARF18-like-2</em> (<em>MaARF18-like-2</em> OE) displayed increased sensitivity to K<sup>+</sup> deficiency. Additionally, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that <em>MaARF18-like-2</em> mediates the response of <em>Arabidopsis</em> to low K<sup>+</sup> stress by influencing the expression of genes associated with Ca<sup>2+</sup>, ion transport, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of the <em>miR160a</em>-<em>ARF18-like-2</em> module in the plant response to low K<sup>+</sup> stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112287
Xiawan Zhai , Qian Li , Bao Li , Xiaoqing Gao , Xingqiang Liao , Jinyin Chen , Wenbin Kai
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a crucial plant hormone that regulates various aspects of plant development. However, the specific function of the ABA receptor PYL in fruit development has not been fully understood. In this study, we focused on DkPYL3, a member of the ABA receptor subfamily Ⅰ in persimmon, which exhibited high expression levels in fruit, particularly during the young fruit and turning stages. Through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI), protein inhibition assays, and RNA-seq techniques, we identified and characterized the DkPYL3 protein, which was found to inhibit the activity of protein phosphatase type 2 C (PP2C). By heterologous overexpressing (OE) persimmon DkPYL3 in tomatoes, we investigated the impact of the DkPYL3 gene on fruit development and ripening. DkPYL3-OE upregulated the expression of genes related to chlorophyll synthesis and development, leading to a significant increase in chlorophyll content in young fruit. Several fruit quality parameters were also affected by DkPYL3 expression, including sugar content, single fruit weight, and photosynthesis rate. Additionally, fruits overexpressing DkPYL3 exhibited earlier ripening and higher levels of carotenoids and flavonoids compared to wild-type fruits. These results demonstrate the pivotal role of DkPYL3 in ABA-mediated young fruit development, ripening onset, and fruit quality in transgenic tomatoes.
脱落酸（ABA）是一种重要的植物激素，能调节植物发育的各个方面。然而，ABA 受体PYL 在果实发育中的具体功能尚未完全清楚。在本研究中，我们重点研究了柿子中 ABA 受体亚家族Ⅰ的成员 DkPYL3，它在果实中，尤其是幼果期和转色期表现出较高的表达水平。通过酵母双杂交（Y2H）、萤火虫荧光素酶互补成像（LCI）、蛋白抑制实验和RNA-seq技术，我们鉴定并描述了DkPYL3蛋白，发现它能抑制蛋白磷酸酶2 C型（PP2C）的活性。通过在番茄中异源过表达（OE）柿子 DkPYL3，我们研究了 DkPYL3 基因对果实发育和成熟的影响。DkPYL3-OE 上调了叶绿素合成和发育相关基因的表达，导致幼果中叶绿素含量显著增加。DkPYL3 的表达还影响了多个果实质量参数，包括含糖量、单果重量和光合作用速率。此外，与野生型果实相比，过表达 DkPYL3 的果实成熟更早，类胡萝卜素和类黄酮的含量更高。这些结果证明了 DkPYL3 在 ABA 介导的转基因番茄幼果发育、成熟开始和果实品质中的关键作用。
{"title":"Overexpression of the persimmon ABA receptor DkPYL3 gene alters fruit development and ripening in transgenic tomato","authors":"Xiawan Zhai , Qian Li , Bao Li , Xiaoqing Gao , Xingqiang Liao , Jinyin Chen , Wenbin Kai","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abscisic acid (ABA) is a crucial plant hormone that regulates various aspects of plant development. However, the specific function of the ABA receptor PYL in fruit development has not been fully understood. In this study, we focused on DkPYL3, a member of the ABA receptor subfamily Ⅰ in persimmon, which exhibited high expression levels in fruit, particularly during the young fruit and turning stages. Through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI), protein inhibition assays, and RNA-seq techniques, we identified and characterized the DkPYL3 protein, which was found to inhibit the activity of protein phosphatase type 2 C (PP2C). By heterologous overexpressing (OE) persimmon <em>DkPYL3</em> in tomatoes, we investigated the impact of the <em>DkPYL3</em> gene on fruit development and ripening. <em>DkPYL3</em>-OE upregulated the expression of genes related to chlorophyll synthesis and development, leading to a significant increase in chlorophyll content in young fruit. Several fruit quality parameters were also affected by <em>DkPYL3</em> expression, including sugar content, single fruit weight, and photosynthesis rate. Additionally, fruits overexpressing <em>DkPYL3</em> exhibited earlier ripening and higher levels of carotenoids and flavonoids compared to wild-type fruits. These results demonstrate the pivotal role of DkPYL3 in ABA-mediated young fruit development, ripening onset, and fruit quality in transgenic tomatoes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112278
David López-González , Marta Muñoz Usero , José M. Hermida-Ramón , Sara Álvarez-Rodríguez , Fabrizio Araniti , Marta Teijeira , Mercedes Verdeguer , Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
Pelargonic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in several organisms, that is known for its phytotoxic effect and its use as bioherbicide for sustainable weed management. Although PA is already commercialised as bioherbicide, its molecular targets and mode of action is unknown according to the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee. Therefore, the aim of this work was focusing on the way this natural active substance impacts the plant metabolism of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. PA caused increase of secondary and adventitious roots, as well as torsion, loss of gravitropism and phytotoxic effects. Moreover, PA altered the cellular arrangement and the PIN proteins activity. Computational simulations revealed that the intermolecular interactions between PA and the polar auxin transporter protein PIN1 are very similar to those established between the natural auxin IAA and PIN1. However, under intracellular conditions, the PA-PIN1 binding is more energetically stable than the IAA-PIN1. These results suggest that PA could act as an auxin-mimics bioherbicide. The exogenous application of PA would be responsible for the alterations observed both at structural and ultrastructural levels, which would be caused by the alteration on the transport of auxins into the plant, inducing root inhibition and ultimately total stop of root growth.
{"title":"Pelargonic acid’s interaction with the auxin transporter PIN1: A potential mechanism behind its phytotoxic effects on plant metabolism","authors":"David López-González , Marta Muñoz Usero , José M. Hermida-Ramón , Sara Álvarez-Rodríguez , Fabrizio Araniti , Marta Teijeira , Mercedes Verdeguer , Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pelargonic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in several organisms, that is known for its phytotoxic effect and its use as bioherbicide for sustainable weed management. Although PA is already commercialised as bioherbicide, its molecular targets and mode of action is unknown according to the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee. Therefore, the aim of this work was focusing on the way this natural active substance impacts the plant metabolism of the model species <em>Arabidopsis thaliana.</em> PA caused increase of secondary and adventitious roots, as well as torsion, loss of gravitropism and phytotoxic effects. Moreover, PA altered the cellular arrangement and the PIN proteins activity. Computational simulations revealed that the intermolecular interactions between PA and the polar auxin transporter protein PIN1 are very similar to those established between the natural auxin IAA and PIN1. However, under intracellular conditions, the PA-PIN1 binding is more energetically stable than the IAA-PIN1. These results suggest that PA could act as an auxin-mimics bioherbicide. The exogenous application of PA would be responsible for the alterations observed both at structural and ultrastructural levels, which would be caused by the alteration on the transport of auxins into the plant, inducing root inhibition and ultimately total stop of root growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 112278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112282
Taotao Zhu , Mengxue Du , Huilin Chen , Gang Li , Mengping Wang , Lingzhi Meng
Anthocyanins are water-soluble natural pigments found broadly in plants. As members of the flavonoid family, they are widely distributed in various tissues and organs, including roots, leaves, and flowers, responsible for purple, red, blue, and orange colors. Beyond pigmentation, anthocyanins play a role in plant propagation, stress response, defense mechanisms, and human health benefits. Anthocyanin biosynthesis involves a series of conserved enzymes encoded by structural genes regulated by various transcription factors. In rice, anthocyanin-mediated pigmentation serves as an important morphological marker for varietal identification and purification, a critical nutrient source, and a key trait in studying rice domestication. Anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice is regulated by a ternary conserved MBW transcriptional complexes comprising MYB transcription factors (TFs), basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs, and WD40 repeat protein, which activate the expression of structure genes. Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) commonly has purple hull, purple stigma, purple apiculus, purple leaf, and red pericarp due to the accumulations of anthocyanin or proanthocyanin. However, most cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) varieties lose the anthocyanin phenotypes due to the function variations of some regulators including OsC1, OsRb, and Rc and the structure gene OsDFR. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis. This review summarizes research progress in rice anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways, genes involvements, distribution regulations, and domestication processes. Furthermore, it discusses future prospects for anthocyanin biosynthesis research in rice, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future investigations and applications, and to assist in breeding new rice varieties with organ-targeted anthocyanin deposition.
{"title":"Recent insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis, gene involvement, distribution regulation, and domestication process in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Taotao Zhu , Mengxue Du , Huilin Chen , Gang Li , Mengping Wang , Lingzhi Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthocyanins are water-soluble natural pigments found broadly in plants. As members of the flavonoid family, they are widely distributed in various tissues and organs, including roots, leaves, and flowers, responsible for purple, red, blue, and orange colors. Beyond pigmentation, anthocyanins play a role in plant propagation, stress response, defense mechanisms, and human health benefits. Anthocyanin biosynthesis involves a series of conserved enzymes encoded by structural genes regulated by various transcription factors. In rice, anthocyanin-mediated pigmentation serves as an important morphological marker for varietal identification and purification, a critical nutrient source, and a key trait in studying rice domestication. Anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice is regulated by a ternary conserved MBW transcriptional complexes comprising MYB transcription factors (TFs), basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs, and WD40 repeat protein, which activate the expression of structure genes. Wild rice (<em>Oryza rufipogon</em>) commonly has purple hull, purple stigma, purple apiculus, purple leaf, and red pericarp due to the accumulations of anthocyanin or proanthocyanin. However, most cultivated rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) varieties lose the anthocyanin phenotypes due to the function variations of some regulators including <em>OsC1</em>, <em>OsRb</em>, and <em>Rc</em> and the structure gene <em>OsDFR</em>. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis. This review summarizes research progress in rice anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways, genes involvements, distribution regulations, and domestication processes. Furthermore, it discusses future prospects for anthocyanin biosynthesis research in rice, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future investigations and applications, and to assist in breeding new rice varieties with organ-targeted anthocyanin deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 112282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R2R3-MYB transcription factors function as the master regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in which both lignin and anthocyanin are produced. In poplar, R2R3-MYB transcription factor PdMYB118 positively regulates anthocyanin production to change leaf color. However, the molecular mechanism by which it controls different branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway still remains poorly understood. Here, we reported that in addition to anthocyanin synthesis, lignin deposition and xylem differentiation were regulated by PdMYB118 through inhibiting PagKNAT2/6b gene expression. The transgenic poplar plants overexpressing PdMYB118 accumulated more xylem, lignin and anthocyanin. Transcriptome and reverse transcription quantitative PCR analyses revealed that the expression of PagKNAT2/6b gene which inhibited lignin deposition and xylem differentiation was significantly down-regulated in transgenic poplar plants. Subsequent dual-luciferase reporter and yeast-one-hybrid assays demonstrated that PdMYB118 directly inhibited the transcription of PagKNAT2/6b by binding to the AC elements in its promoter region. Further experiments with transgenic poplar plants overexpressing PagKNAT2/6b demonstrated that overexpression of PagKNAT2/6b in the PdMYB118 overexpression background rescued lignin accumulation and xylem width to the same level of wild type plants. The findings in this work suggest that PdMYB118 is involved in the lignin deposition and xylem differentiation via modulating the expression of PagKNAT2/6b, and the PdMYB118- PagKNAT2/6b model can be used for the genetic breeding of new woody tree with high lignin production.
{"title":"Transcription factor PdMYB118 in poplar regulates lignin deposition and xylem differentiation in addition to anthocyanin synthesis through suppressing the expression of PagKNAT2/6b gene","authors":"Shuo Song , Wei Guo , Yu Guo , Erkun Chao , Sujie Sun , Lizi Zhao , Yanqiu Zhao , Hongxia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>R2R3-MYB transcription factors function as the master regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in which both lignin and anthocyanin are produced. In poplar, R2R3-MYB transcription factor PdMYB118 positively regulates anthocyanin production to change leaf color. However, the molecular mechanism by which it controls different branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway still remains poorly understood. Here, we reported that in addition to anthocyanin synthesis, lignin deposition and xylem differentiation were regulated by PdMYB118 through inhibiting <em>PagKNAT2/6b</em> gene expression. The transgenic poplar plants overexpressing <em>PdMYB118</em> accumulated more xylem, lignin and anthocyanin. Transcriptome and reverse transcription quantitative PCR analyses revealed that the expression of <em>PagKNAT2/6b</em> gene which inhibited lignin deposition and xylem differentiation was significantly down-regulated in transgenic poplar plants. Subsequent dual-luciferase reporter and yeast-one-hybrid assays demonstrated that PdMYB118 directly inhibited the transcription of <em>PagKNAT2/6b</em> by binding to the AC elements in its promoter region. Further experiments with transgenic poplar plants overexpressing <em>PagKNAT2/6b</em> demonstrated that overexpression of <em>PagKNAT2/6b</em> in the <em>PdMYB118</em> overexpression background rescued lignin accumulation and xylem width to the same level of wild type plants. The findings in this work suggest that PdMYB118 is involved in the lignin deposition and xylem differentiation via modulating the expression of <em>PagKNAT2/6b</em>, and the PdMYB118- PagKNAT2/6b model can be used for the genetic breeding of new woody tree with high lignin production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112276
Shuang Xia , Ying Zhao , Qiaoyun Deng , Xiaoyu Han , Xiuqin Wang
The production of top-quality wines is closely related to the quality of the wine grapes. In wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L., Vv), sugar is a crucial determinant of berry quality, regulated by an interplay of various transcription factors and key kinases. Many transcription factors involved in sugar metabolism remain unexplored. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is an important protein kinase in plants, recently found to regulate sugar metabolism in grapes. However, transcription factors or other factors involved in this process are rarely reported. Here, we utilized transgenic callus tissues from 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape fruit engineered via gene overexpression (oe) and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene knockout (ko), and discovered a bZIP transcription factor, VvRF2b, whose knockout resulted in increased accumulation of fructose and sucrose, indicating that VvRF2b is a negative regulator of sugar accumulation. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation tests showed that VvRF2b is an activator of transcription located both in the nucleus and cell membrane. Analysis of VvRF2b and VvTOR gene levels and sugar contents (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape fruits at 30, 70, and 90 days after bloom (DAB) revealed that VvRF2b is expressed more highly during fruit development, while VvTOR is expressed more during the sugar accumulation phase, furthermore, VvTOR gene levels in koVvRF2b transgenic calli increased significantly, suggesting a strong relationship between the knockout of VvRF2b and the overexpression of VvTOR. Additionally, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation assays demonstrated the interaction between VvRF2b and VvTOR proteins. After knocking out the VvRF2b gene in oeVvTOR calli, it was found that the knockout of VvRF2b promotes VvTOR-regulated sucrose accumulation and enhances the expression of sugar metabolism-related genes regulated by VvTOR. In summary, our results suggest that VvRF2b interacts with VvTOR protein and influences VvTOR-regulated sugar metabolism.
{"title":"VvRF2b interacts with VvTOR and influences VvTOR-regulated sugar metabolism in grape","authors":"Shuang Xia , Ying Zhao , Qiaoyun Deng , Xiaoyu Han , Xiuqin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of top-quality wines is closely related to the quality of the wine grapes. In wine grapes (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L., Vv), sugar is a crucial determinant of berry quality, regulated by an interplay of various transcription factors and key kinases. Many transcription factors involved in sugar metabolism remain unexplored. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is an important protein kinase in plants, recently found to regulate sugar metabolism in grapes. However, transcription factors or other factors involved in this process are rarely reported. Here, we utilized transgenic callus tissues from 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape fruit engineered via gene overexpression (oe) and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene knockout (ko), and discovered a bZIP transcription factor, VvRF2b, whose knockout resulted in increased accumulation of fructose and sucrose, indicating that VvRF2b is a negative regulator of sugar accumulation. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation tests showed that VvRF2b is an activator of transcription located both in the nucleus and cell membrane. Analysis of <em>VvRF2b</em> and <em>VvTOR</em> gene levels and sugar contents (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape fruits at 30, 70, and 90 days after bloom (DAB) revealed that <em>VvRF2b</em> is expressed more highly during fruit development, while <em>VvTOR</em> is expressed more during the sugar accumulation phase, furthermore, <em>VvTOR</em> gene levels in ko<em>VvRF2b</em> transgenic calli increased significantly, suggesting a strong relationship between the knockout of <em>VvRF2b</em> and the overexpression of <em>VvTOR</em>. Additionally, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation assays demonstrated the interaction between VvRF2b and VvTOR proteins. After knocking out the <em>VvRF2b</em> gene in oe<em>VvTOR</em> calli, it was found that the knockout of <em>VvRF2b</em> promotes <em>VvTOR</em>-regulated sucrose accumulation and enhances the expression of sugar metabolism-related genes regulated by <em>VvTOR</em>. In summary, our results suggest that VvRF2b interacts with VvTOR protein and influences <em>VvTOR</em>-regulated sugar metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 112276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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