Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112300
Yan Ao , Qi Wu , Jiqing Zheng , Chi Zhang , Yu Zhao , Rugen Xu , Kaili Xue , Changbo Dai , Miaoyan Yang
In response to environmental changes, plant roots undergo two major differentiations: the formation of the Casparian strip and the suberin lamella, both of them are widely recognized as an apoplastic diffusion barrier for nutrient and water exchange between the soil and the root vascular bundle. Suberin is a complex biopolyester composed of glycerol esters and phenolic compounds deposited in the cell walls of specific tissues such as endodermis, exodermis, periderm, seed coat and other marginal tissues. Recently, significant progress has been made due to the development of biochemical and genetic techniques. In this review, we not only summarize the aspect of suberin biosynthesis, transport and polymerization, but also elucidate the molecular mechanisms regarding its regulatory network, as well as its adaptive role in abiotic or biotic stress. This will provide important theoretical references for improving crop growth by modifying their adaptive root suberin structure when exposed to environmental changes.
{"title":"Building the physiological barrier: Suberin plasticity in response to environmental stimuli","authors":"Yan Ao , Qi Wu , Jiqing Zheng , Chi Zhang , Yu Zhao , Rugen Xu , Kaili Xue , Changbo Dai , Miaoyan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to environmental changes, plant roots undergo two major differentiations: the formation of the Casparian strip and the suberin lamella, both of them are widely recognized as an apoplastic diffusion barrier for nutrient and water exchange between the soil and the root vascular bundle. Suberin is a complex biopolyester composed of glycerol esters and phenolic compounds deposited in the cell walls of specific tissues such as endodermis, exodermis, periderm, seed coat and other marginal tissues. Recently, significant progress has been made due to the development of biochemical and genetic techniques. In this review, we not only summarize the aspect of suberin biosynthesis, transport and polymerization, but also elucidate the molecular mechanisms regarding its regulatory network, as well as its adaptive role in abiotic or biotic stress. This will provide important theoretical references for improving crop growth by modifying their adaptive root suberin structure when exposed to environmental changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112298
Jesús Beltrán , Eleanore T. Wurtzel
Carotenoids are a large class of isoprenoid compounds which are biosynthesized by plants, algae, along with certain fungi, bacteria and insects. In plants, carotenoids provide crucial functions in photosynthesis and photoprotection. Furthermore, carotenoids also serve as precursors to apocarotenoids, which are derived through enzymatic and non-enzymatic cleavage reactions. Apocarotenoids encompass a diverse set of compounds, including hormones, growth regulators, and signaling molecules which play vital roles in pathways associated with plant development, stress responses, and plant-organismic interactions. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis indirectly influences the formation of apocarotenoids and bioactive effects on target pathways. Recent discovery of a plethora of new bioactive apocarotenoids across kingdoms has increased interest in expanding knowledge of the breadth of apocarotenoid function and regulation. In this review, we provide insights into the regulation of carotenogenesis, specifically linked to the biosynthesis of apocarotenoid precursors. We highlight plant studies, including useful heterologous platforms and synthetic biology tools, which hold great value in expanding discoveries, knowledge and application of bioactive apocarotenoids for crop improvement and human health. Moreover, we discuss how this field has recently flourished with the discovery of diverse functions of apocarotenoids, thereby prompting us to propose new directions for future research.
{"title":"Carotenoids: resources, knowledge, and emerging tools to advance apocarotenoid research","authors":"Jesús Beltrán , Eleanore T. Wurtzel","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carotenoids are a large class of isoprenoid compounds which are biosynthesized by plants, algae, along with certain fungi, bacteria and insects. In plants, carotenoids provide crucial functions in photosynthesis and photoprotection. Furthermore, carotenoids also serve as precursors to apocarotenoids, which are derived through enzymatic and non-enzymatic cleavage reactions. Apocarotenoids encompass a diverse set of compounds, including hormones, growth regulators, and signaling molecules which play vital roles in pathways associated with plant development, stress responses, and plant-organismic interactions. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis indirectly influences the formation of apocarotenoids and bioactive effects on target pathways. Recent discovery of a plethora of new bioactive apocarotenoids across kingdoms has increased interest in expanding knowledge of the breadth of apocarotenoid function and regulation. In this review, we provide insights into the regulation of carotenogenesis, specifically linked to the biosynthesis of apocarotenoid precursors. We highlight plant studies, including useful heterologous platforms and synthetic biology tools, which hold great value in expanding discoveries, knowledge and application of bioactive apocarotenoids for crop improvement and human health. Moreover, we discuss how this field has recently flourished with the discovery of diverse functions of apocarotenoids, thereby prompting us to propose new directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112281
Ashwini Zadokar , Parul Sharma , Rajnish Sharma
In order to provide food and nutritional security for the world's rapidly expanding population, fruit crop researchers have identified two critical priorities: increasing production and preserving fruit quality during the pre- and post-harvest periods. The genetic basis of these complex, commercially important fruit traits which are uniquely regulated by polygenes or multi-allelic genes that interact with one another and the environment can be analyzed with the aid of trait mapping tools. The most interesting trait mapping approach that offers the genetic level investigation for marker-trait associations (MTAs) for these complex fruit traits, without the development of mapping population, is association mapping. This approach was used during the genetic improvement program, emphasizing the obstacles (breeding strategies adopted, generation interval, and their genomic status) pertaining to perennial fruit crops. This method of studying population diversity and linkage disequilibrium in perennial fruit crops has been made possible by recent developments in genotyping, phenotyping, and statistical analysis. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of different trait mapping techniques, with a focus on association mapping (method, essential components, viability, constraints, and future perspective) and its advantages, disadvantages, and possibilities for breeding perennial fruit crops.
{"title":"Comprehensive insights on association mapping in perennial fruit crops breeding – Its implications, current status and future perspectives","authors":"Ashwini Zadokar , Parul Sharma , Rajnish Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to provide food and nutritional security for the world's rapidly expanding population, fruit crop researchers have identified two critical priorities: increasing production and preserving fruit quality during the pre- and post-harvest periods. The genetic basis of these complex, commercially important fruit traits which are uniquely regulated by polygenes or multi-allelic genes that interact with one another and the environment can be analyzed with the aid of trait mapping tools. The most interesting trait mapping approach that offers the genetic level investigation for marker-trait associations (MTAs) for these complex fruit traits, without the development of mapping population, is association mapping. This approach was used during the genetic improvement program, emphasizing the obstacles (breeding strategies adopted, generation interval, and their genomic status) pertaining to perennial fruit crops. This method of studying population diversity and linkage disequilibrium in perennial fruit crops has been made possible by recent developments in genotyping, phenotyping, and statistical analysis. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of different trait mapping techniques, with a focus on association mapping (method, essential components, viability, constraints, and future perspective) and its advantages, disadvantages, and possibilities for breeding perennial fruit crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112296
Aleksei Sorokin, Igor Kovalchuk
Large scale production of uniform disease-free plants is crucial for Cannabis sativa biotechnology. Existing micropropagation protocols rely heavily on shoot multiplication from existing meristems via direct organogenesis. Such protocols do not allow multiplication of plant material through continuous sub-culturing. Protocols that use indirect regeneration are usually not efficient enough and have very low multiplication rates. In the present study, an efficient protocol that uses a combination of direct organogenesis and callogenesis to induce multiple shoot development cultures is developed. Callogenesis was induced from various explants cultured on the media having various combinations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); best callogenesis and shoot regeneration was achieved from hypocotyl explants cultured on TDZ 0.4 mg l−1 NAA 0.2 mg l−1. Hypocotyls with cotyledonary node and shoot apical meristem were significantly better for shoot regeneration than explants without it. Shoots obtained from multiple shoot cultures were successfully rooted and then acclimatized under greenhouse conditions to develop into adult cannabis plants.
{"title":"Development of efficient and scalable regeneration tissue culture method for Cannabis sativa","authors":"Aleksei Sorokin, Igor Kovalchuk","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large scale production of uniform disease-free plants is crucial for <em>Cannabis sativa</em> biotechnology. Existing micropropagation protocols rely heavily on shoot multiplication from existing meristems via direct organogenesis. Such protocols do not allow multiplication of plant material through continuous sub-culturing. Protocols that use indirect regeneration are usually not efficient enough and have very low multiplication rates. In the present study, an efficient protocol that uses a combination of direct organogenesis and callogenesis to induce multiple shoot development cultures is developed. Callogenesis was induced from various explants cultured on the media having various combinations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); best callogenesis and shoot regeneration was achieved from hypocotyl explants cultured on TDZ 0.4 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA 0.2 mg l<sup>−1</sup>. Hypocotyls with cotyledonary node and shoot apical meristem were significantly better for shoot regeneration than explants without it. Shoots obtained from multiple shoot cultures were successfully rooted and then acclimatized under greenhouse conditions to develop into adult cannabis plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112295
Ailbhe J. Brazel , Niranjana S. Manoj , Franziska Turck , Diarmuid S. Ó’Maoiléidigh
Photosynthesis is an essential process in plants that synthesizes sugars used for growth and development, highlighting the importance of establishing robust methods to monitor photosynthetic activity. Infrared gas analysis (IRGA) can be used to track photosynthetic rates by measuring plant CO2 assimilation and release. Although much progress has been made in the development of IRGA technologies, challenges remain when using this technique on small herbaceous plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana. The use of whole plant chambers can overcome the difficulties associated with applying bulky leaf clamps to small delicate leaves. However, respiration from the roots and from soil-based microorganisms may skew these gas exchange measurements. Here, we present a simple method to efficiently perform IRGA on A. thaliana plants using a whole plant chamber that removes the confounding effects of respiration from roots and soil-based microorganisms from the measurements. We show that this method can be used to detect subtle changes in photosynthetic rates measured at different times of day, under different growth conditions, and between wild-type and plants with deficiencies in the photosynthetic machinery. Furthermore, we show that this method can be used to detect changes in photosynthetic rates even at very young developmental stages such as 10 d-old seedlings. This method contributes to the array of techniques currently used to perform IRGA on A. thaliana and can allow for the monitoring of photosynthetic rates of whole plants from young ages.
光合作用是植物合成生长和发育所需糖的重要过程，因此建立健全的光合作用监测方法非常重要。红外气体分析（IRGA）可通过测量植物的二氧化碳同化和释放来跟踪光合速率。虽然红外气体分析技术的开发取得了很大进展，但在拟南芥等小型草本植物上使用该技术时仍面临挑战。使用整株植物室可以克服在小巧精致的叶片上使用笨重的叶夹所带来的困难。然而，来自根部和土壤微生物的呼吸作用可能会影响这些气体交换测量结果。在这里，我们介绍了一种使用全植物室对大连茎叶植物有效进行 IRGA 的简单方法，这种方法可以消除根部呼吸和土壤微生物对测量结果的干扰。我们的研究表明，这种方法可用于检测一天中不同时间、不同生长条件下光合速率的微妙变化，以及野生型植物和光合机械缺陷植物之间的光合速率变化。此外，我们还展示了这种方法甚至可用于检测幼苗（如 10 d 大的幼苗）发育阶段光合速率的变化。这种方法为目前用于对三叶草进行 IRGA 的一系列技术做出了贡献，并可用于监测幼苗时期整株植物的光合速率。
{"title":"Measuring CO2 assimilation of Arabidopsis thaliana whole plants and seedlings","authors":"Ailbhe J. Brazel , Niranjana S. Manoj , Franziska Turck , Diarmuid S. Ó’Maoiléidigh","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photosynthesis is an essential process in plants that synthesizes sugars used for growth and development, highlighting the importance of establishing robust methods to monitor photosynthetic activity. Infrared gas analysis (IRGA) can be used to track photosynthetic rates by measuring plant CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation and release. Although much progress has been made in the development of IRGA technologies, challenges remain when using this technique on small herbaceous plants such as <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. The use of whole plant chambers can overcome the difficulties associated with applying bulky leaf clamps to small delicate leaves. However, respiration from the roots and from soil-based microorganisms may skew these gas exchange measurements. Here, we present a simple method to efficiently perform IRGA on <em>A. thaliana</em> plants using a whole plant chamber that removes the confounding effects of respiration from roots and soil-based microorganisms from the measurements. We show that this method can be used to detect subtle changes in photosynthetic rates measured at different times of day, under different growth conditions, and between wild-type and plants with deficiencies in the photosynthetic machinery. Furthermore, we show that this method can be used to detect changes in photosynthetic rates even at very young developmental stages such as 10 d-old seedlings. This method contributes to the array of techniques currently used to perform IRGA on <em>A. thaliana</em> and can allow for the monitoring of photosynthetic rates of whole plants from young ages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112285
Marisol Giustozzi , Santiago Nicolás Freytes , María Lorena Falcone Ferreyra , Pablo Cerdán , Paula Casati
Mediator 17 (MED17) is part of the head of the Mediator complex, which regulates transcription initiation in different eukaryotic organisms, including plants. We have previously characterized MED17 roles in Arabidopsis plants exposed to UV-B radiation, revealing its involvement in various aspects of the DNA damage response after exposure. med17 mutant plants showed altered HY5 expression, which encodes a transcription factor with a central role in photomorphogenesis. Our results demonstrate that med17 mutants show altered photomorphogenic responses and also to darkness, when compared to WT plants, and these differences could be due to altered expression of genes encoding key regulators of light and darkness signaling pathways, such as HY5, COP1 and PIF3. Moreover, med17 mutants exhibit transcriptome changes similar to those previously reported in plants exposed to red and blue light, as well as those previously described for photoreceptor mutants. Interestingly, med17 and hy5 mutants show a similar set of differentially expressed genes compared to WT plants, which suggests that both proteins may participate in a common light and dark-induced signaling pathways. Together, our data provides evidence that MED17 is an important regulator of the light and darkness responses in Arabidopsis.
{"title":"Mediator subunit 17 regulates light and darkness responses in Arabidopsis plants","authors":"Marisol Giustozzi , Santiago Nicolás Freytes , María Lorena Falcone Ferreyra , Pablo Cerdán , Paula Casati","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mediator 17 (MED17) is part of the head of the Mediator complex, which regulates transcription initiation in different eukaryotic organisms, including plants. We have previously characterized MED17 roles in Arabidopsis plants exposed to UV-B radiation, revealing its involvement in various aspects of the DNA damage response after exposure. <em>med17</em> mutant plants showed altered <em>HY5</em> expression, which encodes a transcription factor with a central role in photomorphogenesis. Our results demonstrate that <em>med17</em> mutants show altered photomorphogenic responses and also to darkness, when compared to WT plants, and these differences could be due to altered expression of genes encoding key regulators of light and darkness signaling pathways, such as <em>HY5</em>, <em>COP1</em> and <em>PIF3</em>. Moreover, <em>med17</em> mutants exhibit transcriptome changes similar to those previously reported in plants exposed to red and blue light, as well as those previously described for photoreceptor mutants. Interestingly, <em>med17</em> and <em>hy5</em> mutants show a similar set of differentially expressed genes compared to WT plants, which suggests that both proteins may participate in a common light and dark-induced signaling pathways. Together, our data provides evidence that MED17 is an important regulator of the light and darkness responses in Arabidopsis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112289
Akhilesh K. Chaurasia , Hemant B. Patil , Bal Krishna , Vadakanthara R. Subramaniam , Prafullachandra V. Sane , Aniruddha P. Sane
Control over flowering time is essential for reproductive success and survival of plants. The TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS/BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (TFL1/CEN/BFT) genes are key suppressor of flowering time that prevents premature conversion of the apical meristem into a floral meristem thereby allowing indeterminate vegetative growth. We have identified and characterized seven members of banana TFL1/CEN/BFT gene family (MCN1–7). All genes except MCN6 show overlapping expression in the shoot apical meristem as well as leaves from the initial to mid-vegetative phases. Their expression is collectively reduced to their lowest just prior to flowering initiation at around 171 days, 226 days and 297 days, respectively, in three differently flowering varieties. Thereafter, there is steady increase in their transcript levels in the apical meristem as well as leaves that correlates with the development and growth of the inflorescence. The ability of three of the genes, MCNs1–3, to functionally complement the tfl1–14 mutant of Arabidopsis provides additional evidence for structural and functional similarities of the MCN proteins to TFL1 even in a distantly related plant. Together, these results suggest that the MCN family in banana is associated with vegetative growth and suppression of flowering time initiation as well as indeterminate growth of inflorescence.
{"title":"The transition from vegetative growth to flowering is associated with suppression of the MUSA CENTRORADIALIS (MCN ) gene family in day neutral banana","authors":"Akhilesh K. Chaurasia , Hemant B. Patil , Bal Krishna , Vadakanthara R. Subramaniam , Prafullachandra V. Sane , Aniruddha P. Sane","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Control over flowering time is essential for reproductive success and survival of plants. The <em>TERMINAL FLOWER1</em>/<em>CENTRORADIALIS/BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1</em> (<em>TFL1</em>/<em>CEN/BFT</em>) genes are key suppressor of flowering time that prevents premature conversion of the apical meristem into a floral meristem thereby allowing indeterminate vegetative growth. We have identified and characterized seven members of banana <em>TFL1/CEN/BFT</em> gene family (<em>MCN1–7</em>). All genes except <em>MCN6</em> show overlapping expression in the shoot apical meristem as well as leaves from the initial to mid-vegetative phases. Their expression is collectively reduced to their lowest just prior to flowering initiation at around 171 days, 226 days and 297 days, respectively, in three differently flowering varieties. Thereafter, there is steady increase in their transcript levels in the apical meristem as well as leaves that correlates with the development and growth of the inflorescence. The ability of three of the genes, <em>MCNs1–3</em>, to functionally complement the <em>tfl1–14</em> mutant of Arabidopsis provides additional evidence for structural and functional similarities of the <em>MCN</em> <!--> proteins to TFL1 even in a distantly related plant. Together, these results suggest that the MCN family in banana is associated with vegetative growth and suppression of flowering time initiation as well as indeterminate growth of inflorescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112284
Marietheres Kleuter , Yafei Yu , Francesco Pancaldi , Atze Jan van der Goot , Luisa M. Trindade
The utilization of proteins extracted from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves as cost-effective resources for human consumption or animal feed has gained interest. Thus, increasing protein extractability from tomato leaves became a new breeding target. However, the genetic factors influencing this trait remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed changes in leaf protein content, protein composition, and extraction yield across developmental stages, which are vegetative growth, flowering, fruit-forming, and mature fruit. Moreover, tomato gene expression across developmental stages was also studied, to identify genes underlying variability in leaf protein extraction. Protein extraction yield decreased from 0.51 g/g to 0.01 g/g leaf protein from the vegetative to mature stage. However, total protein content inferred with Dumas combustion analysis did not change over the developmental stages tested, while the protein-to-peptide ratio decreased significantly. To further analyze potential causes underlying the decline of protein-to-peptide ratio, the enzymatic activity of proteases – i.e. the enzymes responsible for protein degradation – and the expression of genes encoding these enzymes was studied along plant development. The overall specific activity of proteases did not change significantly throughout plant development. On the contrary, the gene expression of distinct members of the aspartic, cysteine, and subtilase protease families increased. Overall, our findings suggest that extraplastidic protein degradation likely underlies the protein degradation observed during senescence. In the future, the reduction of the activity of extraplastidic proteases through biotechnology could represent an effective strategy to develop tomato varieties with improved protein extraction yields.
{"title":"Prone to loss: Senescence-regulated protein degradation leads to lower protein extractability in aging tomato leaves","authors":"Marietheres Kleuter , Yafei Yu , Francesco Pancaldi , Atze Jan van der Goot , Luisa M. Trindade","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of proteins extracted from tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) leaves as cost-effective resources for human consumption or animal feed has gained interest. Thus, increasing protein extractability from tomato leaves became a new breeding target. However, the genetic factors influencing this trait remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed changes in leaf protein content, protein composition, and extraction yield across developmental stages, which are vegetative growth, flowering, fruit-forming, and mature fruit. Moreover, tomato gene expression across developmental stages was also studied, to identify genes underlying variability in leaf protein extraction. Protein extraction yield decreased from 0.51 g/g to 0.01 g/g leaf protein from the vegetative to mature stage. However, total protein content inferred with Dumas combustion analysis did not change over the developmental stages tested, while the protein-to-peptide ratio decreased significantly. To further analyze potential causes underlying the decline of protein-to-peptide ratio, the enzymatic activity of proteases – i.e. the enzymes responsible for protein degradation – and the expression of genes encoding these enzymes was studied along plant development. The overall specific activity of proteases did not change significantly throughout plant development. On the contrary, the gene expression of distinct members of the aspartic, cysteine, and subtilase protease families increased. Overall, our findings suggest that extraplastidic protein degradation likely underlies the protein degradation observed during senescence. In the future, the reduction of the activity of extraplastidic proteases through biotechnology could represent an effective strategy to develop tomato varieties with improved protein extraction yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112292
Hongying Zhang , Hao Yan , Haitao Che , Kyongsok So , Longyi He , Yuxin Zhu , Bin Liu , Yanni Zhang
Lilium pumilum is widely distributed in northeast Asia. It exhibits strong resistance and possesses high ornamental value. However, it currently lacks an efficient and stable transformation system. Therefore, we aimed to establish an effective genetic transformation system using the Agrobacterium-mediated method for L. pumilum, enabling gene transfer into the plant for gene function research and genetic engineering breeding. Our genetic transformation system achieved a transformation efficiency of 7.25 % under specific conditions: a kanamycin (Kana) concentration of 120 mg/L, 3 days of pre-cultivation, an A. tumefaciens concentration of 0.7 OD600, an acetosyringone (AS) concentration of 20 mg/L, and a 15-minute infection period. We investigated the function of the LpNAC6 from L. pumilum by observing phenotypic and physiological changes under stresses induced by salt, alkali, and drought. Furthermore, overexpression of LpNAC6 resulted in enhanced stress tolerance as evidenced by increased levels of SOD, POD, CAT enzymes, improved photosynthetic indices, and elevated chlorophyll contents; as well as reduced levels of MDA and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings demonstrate that we have successfully established a transgenic transformation method for L. pumilum while also providing essential information for cultivating stress-tolerant Lilium species and advancing our understanding of the functions of LpNAC6 in plants.
{"title":"Establishment of genetic transformation system in Lilium pumilum and functional analysis of LpNAC6 on abiotic stress","authors":"Hongying Zhang , Hao Yan , Haitao Che , Kyongsok So , Longyi He , Yuxin Zhu , Bin Liu , Yanni Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Lilium pumilum</em> is widely distributed in northeast Asia. It exhibits strong resistance and possesses high ornamental value. However, it currently lacks an efficient and stable transformation system. Therefore, we aimed to establish an effective genetic transformation system using the <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated method for <em>L. pumilum</em>, enabling gene transfer into the plant for gene function research and genetic engineering breeding. Our genetic transformation system achieved a transformation efficiency of 7.25 % under specific conditions: a kanamycin (Kana) concentration of 120 mg/L, 3 days of pre-cultivation, an <em>A. tumefaciens</em> concentration of 0.7 OD<sub>600</sub>, an acetosyringone (AS) concentration of 20 mg/L, and a 15-minute infection period. We investigated the function of the <em>LpNAC6</em> from <em>L. pumilum</em> by observing phenotypic and physiological changes under stresses induced by salt, alkali, and drought. Furthermore, overexpression of <em>LpNAC6</em> resulted in enhanced stress tolerance as evidenced by increased levels of SOD, POD, CAT enzymes, improved photosynthetic indices, and elevated chlorophyll contents; as well as reduced levels of MDA and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings demonstrate that we have successfully established a transgenic transformation method for <em>L. pumilum</em> while also providing essential information for cultivating stress-tolerant <em>Lilium</em> species and advancing our understanding of the functions of <em>LpNAC6</em> in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112294
Shuling Cao , Liyun Peng , Jinyu Yu , Ziheng Li , Zhigang Wang , Dan Ma , Xiaoqian Sun , Huawei Zheng , Baolei Zhang , Xingxiang Chen , Zhufeng Chen , Jixing Xia
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils poses a significant threat to rice, which exhibits highly complex genetic mechanisms for both external detoxification and internal tolerance among cereal crops. Although several genes involved Al tolerance have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying Al tolerance in rice remain to be fully explored. Here, we functionally characterized the gibberellin-stimulated transcription gene OsGASR1, which encodes a small cysteine-rich peptide localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm and plays a significant role in Al tolerance in rice. The expression of OsGASR1 is rapidly up-regulated by Al in rice root tips but not in the shoots. Its expression is not regulated by the central regulator Aluminum Resistance Transcription Factor 1 (ART1), indicating that OsGASR1 functions as a novel gene in rice Al resistance independent of ART1. Knockout of OsGASR1 reduced root length but did not affect Al tolerance in rice, whereas overexpression of OsGASR1 enhanced Al tolerance without affecting Al distribution and accumulation and promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root tips. RNA-seq analysis revealed that overexpression of OsGASR1 upregulated the expression of genes associated with cell wall modification, oxidative stress, and Al tolerance. Collectively, these findings suggest that OsGASR1 is involved in Al tolerance in rice independently of ART1, and the up-regulation of this gene is necessary for rice Al tolerance.
{"title":"Overexpression of OsGASR1 promotes Al tolerance in rice","authors":"Shuling Cao , Liyun Peng , Jinyu Yu , Ziheng Li , Zhigang Wang , Dan Ma , Xiaoqian Sun , Huawei Zheng , Baolei Zhang , Xingxiang Chen , Zhufeng Chen , Jixing Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils poses a significant threat to rice, which exhibits highly complex genetic mechanisms for both external detoxification and internal tolerance among cereal crops. Although several genes involved Al tolerance have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying Al tolerance in rice remain to be fully explored. Here, we functionally characterized the gibberellin-stimulated transcription gene <em>OsGASR1</em>, which encodes a small cysteine-rich peptide localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm and plays a significant role in Al tolerance in rice. The expression of <em>OsGASR1</em> is rapidly up-regulated by Al in rice root tips but not in the shoots. Its expression is not regulated by the central regulator Aluminum Resistance Transcription Factor 1 (ART1), indicating that <em>OsGASR1</em> functions as a novel gene in rice Al resistance independent of ART1. Knockout of <em>OsGASR1</em> reduced root length but did not affect Al tolerance in rice, whereas overexpression of <em>OsGASR1</em> enhanced Al tolerance without affecting Al distribution and accumulation and promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root tips. RNA-seq analysis revealed that overexpression of <em>OsGASR1</em> upregulated the expression of genes associated with cell wall modification, oxidative stress, and Al tolerance. Collectively, these findings suggest that OsGASR1 is involved in Al tolerance in rice independently of ART1, and the up-regulation of this gene is necessary for rice Al tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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