Plant Science最新文献_第3页

VvbZIP22 regulates quercetin synthesis to enhances cold resistance in grape VvbZIP22 可调节槲皮素的合成，从而增强葡萄的抗寒性。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112293

Guangchao Liu , Zhe Zhang , Ye Tian , Jie Yang , Xingfeng Xu , Xin Liu

Grapes are one of the important fruit crops widely cultivated in the world, with high nutritional and economic value. However, with the intensification of global warming, extreme low temperature has seriously affected the development of the grape industry. Quercetin is a highly antioxidant active substance that can enhance the tolerance of plants to external environmental stress, but its function and mechanism in response to low-temperature stress in grapes are still unclear. Here, we found that grapes accumulate more quercetin under low-temperature stress, and exogenous quercetin can significantly improve the cold resistance of grapes. The key quercetin synthesis gene VvFLS1 (flavanol synthase 1) is up-regulated after low-temperature treatment, and overexpression of VvFLS1 increases quercetin content and enhances the cold resistance of grape. Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase reporter systems demonstrate that VvbZIP22 (basic-leucine zipper 22) directly binds to the VvFLS1 promoter, and VvbZIP22 has cold-induced expression characteristics. Overexpression of VvbZIP22 significantly improves the cold resistance of grape. The above results indicate that quercetin plays an important role in the response of grapes to low-temperature stress. Under low temperature, VvbZIP22 can mediate quercetin synthesis through regulating VvFLS1, alleviate oxidative damage, and improve the cold resistance of grapes.

葡萄是世界上广泛种植的重要水果作物之一，具有很高的营养价值和经济价值。然而，随着全球气候变暖的加剧，极端低温严重影响了葡萄产业的发展。槲皮素是一种高抗氧化活性物质，能增强植物对外部环境胁迫的耐受性，但其在葡萄低温胁迫中的功能和作用机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们发现葡萄在低温胁迫下会积累更多的槲皮素，外源槲皮素能显著提高葡萄的抗寒性。槲皮素合成的关键基因VvFLS1（黄烷醇合成酶1）在低温处理后上调，过表达VvFLS1可增加槲皮素含量并增强葡萄的抗寒性。酵母单杂交和双荧光素酶报告系统证明，VvbZIP22（碱性亮氨酸拉链22）直接与VvFLS1启动子结合，VvbZIP22具有低温诱导表达特性。过表达 VvbZIP22 能显著提高葡萄的抗寒性。上述结果表明，槲皮素在葡萄对低温胁迫的响应中起着重要作用。在低温条件下，VvbZIP22可通过调节VvFLS1介导槲皮素的合成，减轻氧化损伤，提高葡萄的抗寒性。

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引用次数: 0

OsMAPKKKε regulates apical spikelet development by adjusting Reactive Oxygen Species accumulates in Oryza sativa OsMAPKKKε通过调节活性氧的积累来调控红豆杉顶端小穗的发育。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112280

Weijiang Tian, Ziwei Peng, Xin Zhang, Yumeng Zheng, Yuanyuan Wang, Beiqi Feng, Yangyang Li, Guanghua He, Xianchun Sang

Rice panicle abortion can significantly impact rice yield and food security. Recent research has revealed that panicle abortion is influenced by environmental factors as well as regulated by specific genes. Here we report a novel panicle apical abortion 4 (paa4) mutant with semi-dwarf and panicle apical abortion phenotype, and its abortion occurs when the panicle length is approximately 7 cm. Map-based cloning has identified that PAA4 encodes a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase ε (OsMAPKKKε) protein, and a substitution of G to A in exon 19 of OsMAPKKKε that leads to panicle apical abortion. PAA4 has a higher expression in the spikelet although which expressed in all organs of rice. During panicle growth, excessive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulate in the apical panicle of paa4, eventually inducing programmed cell death (PCD). Transcriptome sequencing indicates that PAA4 plays a role in both the generation and elimination of ROS. Therefore, PAA4 might be involved in the balance of ROS at the apical panicle and then affects spikelet development in Oryza sativa.

水稻圆锥花序凋落会严重影响水稻产量和粮食安全。最新研究发现，圆锥花序流产既受环境因素的影响，也受特定基因的调控。在此，我们报道了一种新的圆锥花序顶端流产 4（paa4）突变体，该突变体具有半矮小和圆锥花序顶端流产表型，其流产发生在圆锥花序长度约为 7 厘米时。基于图谱的克隆发现，PAA4编码一种丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶ε（OsMAPKKKε）蛋白，OsMAPKKKε第19外显子中的G替换为A导致圆锥花序顶端凋萎。PAA4 在小穗中的表达量较高，但在水稻的所有器官中均有表达。在圆锥花序生长过程中，过量的活性氧（ROS）在 PAA4 的圆锥花序顶端积累，最终诱导细胞程序性死亡（PCD）。转录组测序表明，PAA4 在 ROS 的产生和消除过程中都发挥了作用。因此，PAA4 可能参与了顶端圆锥花序中 ROS 的平衡，进而影响了黑麦草的小穗发育。

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引用次数: 0

PavSPLs are key regulators of growth, development, and stress response in sweet cherry PavSPLs 是甜樱桃生长、发育和应激反应的关键调节因子。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112279

Xunju Liu, Wanxia Sun, Haobo Liu, Li Wang, Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Jiyuan Wang, Songtao Jiu, Caixi Zhang

SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes are plant-specific transcription factors essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Their roles in sweet cherry are not well understood. In this study, we identified and isolated 16 SPL genes from the sweet cherry genome, categorizing them into 5 subfamilies, with 12 PavSPLs predicted as miR156 targets. Promoter regions of PavSPLs contain cis-elements associated with light, stress, and phytohormone responses, indicating their role in biological processes and abiotic stress responses. Seasonal expression analysis showed that PavSPL regulates sweet cherry recovery after dormancy. Gibberellin (GA) treatment reduced PavSPL expression, indicating its role in GA-mediated processes. PavSPL14 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in earlier flowering and increased plant height and growth. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed an interaction between PavSPL14 and DELLA protein PavDWARF8, suggesting PavSPL14 and PavDWARF8 co-regulate growth and development. These findings lay the groundwork for further research on PavSPL function in sweet cherry.

SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE（SPL）基因是植物特异性转录因子，对植物的生长、发育和胁迫反应至关重要；然而，它们在甜樱桃中的作用还不是很清楚。在这项研究中，我们从甜樱桃基因组中鉴定并分离出 16 个 SPL 基因，将它们分为五个亚家族，其中 12 个 PavSPL 被预测为 miR156 的靶标。PavSPLs的启动子区域含有与光照、胁迫和植物激素反应相关的顺式元件，表明它们在生物过程和非生物胁迫反应中的作用。季节性表达分析表明，PavSPL 调节甜樱桃休眠后的恢复。赤霉素（GA）处理降低了 PavSPL 的表达，表明其在 GA 介导的过程中发挥作用。在拟南芥中过表达 PavSPL14 会导致提早开花、株高增加和生长增强。酵母双杂交实验发现 PavSPL14 与 DELLA 蛋白 PavDWARF8 之间存在相互作用，表明 PavSPLs 通过蛋白质相互作用参与了 GA 调控过程。这些发现为今后研究 PavSPL 在甜樱桃中的功能奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

PagNAC2a promotes phloem fiber development by regulating PagATL2 in poplar PagNAC2a 通过调节 PagATL2 促进杨树韧皮部纤维的发育。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112283

Yu Guo , Yang-Xin Shi , Shuo Song , Yan-Qiu Zhao , Meng-Zhu Lu

Phloem fiber is a key component of phloem tissue and is involved in supporting its structural integrity. NAC domain transcription factors are master switches that regulate secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis in xylem fibers, but the mechanism by which NACs regulate phloem fiber development remains unexplored. Here, a NAC2-like gene in poplar, PagNAC2a, was shown to be involved in phloem fiber differentiation. qRT-PCR and GUS staining revealed that PagNAC2a was specifically expressed in the phloem zone of poplar stems. The overexpression of PagNAC2a in poplar increased plant biomass by increasing plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area. Stem anatomy analysis revealed that overexpression of PagNAC2a resulted in enhanced phloem fiber differentiation and cell wall deposition. In addition, PagNAC2a directly upregulated the expression of PagATL2, a gene involved in phloem development, as revealed by yeast one hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays. Overall, we proposed that the PagNAC2a was a positive regulator of phloem fiber development in poplar, and these results provided insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation of phloem fibers.

韧皮部纤维是韧皮部组织的关键组成部分，参与支持其结构的完整性。NAC结构域转录因子是调控木质部纤维次生细胞壁（SCW）生物合成的主开关，但NAC调控韧皮部纤维发育的机制仍有待探索。qRT-PCR 和 GUS 染色显示，PagNAC2a 在杨树茎的韧皮部特异表达。在杨树中过表达 PagNAC2a 能增加株高、茎直径和叶面积，从而增加植物的生物量。茎的解剖分析表明，过表达 PagNAC2a 能增强韧皮部纤维的分化和细胞壁的沉积。此外，酵母一杂交（Y1H）和电泳迁移试验（EMSA）显示，PagNAC2a直接上调了参与韧皮部发育的基因PagATL2的表达。总之，我们认为 PagNAC2a 是杨树韧皮部纤维发育的正向调节因子，这些结果为了解韧皮部纤维分化的分子机制提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide identification of the Phospholipase D (PLD) gene family in Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) and the role of PbrPLD2 in drought resistance 中国白梨磷脂酶 D (PLD) 基因家族的全基因组鉴定及 PbrPLD2 在抗旱中的作用。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112286

Likun Lin , Kaili Yuan , Xiaosan Huang , Shaoling Zhang

The Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), a vital fruit crop, is highly susceptible to abiotic stresses, especially drought, which poses a major threat to its growth and productivity. Phospholipase D (PLD) genes are pivotal in orchestrating plant responses to abiotic stresses, acting as key regulators in stress adaptation mechanisms. This study systematically identified and functionally characterized the entire PLD gene family in P. bretschneideri through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. A total of 20 PbrPLD genes were identified, and they were categorized into five subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. chromosome localization, gene structure, and conserved motif analyses revealed that these genes have diverse evolutionary histories. Cis-acting element analysis and expression profiling under drought stress indicated that several PbrPLD genes, particularly PbrPLD2, are strongly induced by drought. Overexpression of PbrPLD2 in both Arabidopsis thaliana and pear demonstrated enhanced drought tolerance through improved stomatal closure and increased expression of drought-responsive genes. These findings highlight the critical role of PbrPLD2 in drought resistance and provide a theoretical and experimental foundation for molecular breeding in pear and other fruit crops.

中国白梨（Pyrus bretschneideri）是一种重要的水果作物，极易受到非生物胁迫，尤其是干旱，这对其生长和产量构成了重大威胁。磷脂酶 D（PLD）基因在协调植物对非生物胁迫的反应中起着关键作用，是胁迫适应机制的关键调节因子。本研究通过一项全面的全基因组分析，系统地鉴定并从功能上表征了 P. bretschneideri 中的整个 PLD 基因家族。染色体定位、基因结构和保守主题分析表明，这些基因具有不同的进化历史。干旱胁迫下的顺式作用元件分析和表达谱分析表明，几个 PbrPLD 基因，尤其是 PbrPLD2，受到干旱的强烈诱导。在拟南芥和梨中过表达 PbrPLD2 可改善气孔关闭和提高干旱响应基因的表达，从而增强耐旱性。这些发现强调了 PbrPLD2 在抗旱中的关键作用，并为梨和其他水果作物的分子育种提供了理论和实验基础。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the molecular symphony: MicroRNA160a-Auxin Response Factor 18 module orchestrates low potassium tolerance in banana (Musa acuminata L.) 揭开分子交响乐的神秘面纱：MicroRNA160a-Auxin Response Factor 18 模块协调了香蕉（Musa acuminata L.）的低钾耐受性。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112288

Yi Tang , Hang Rong , Xingchen Jia , Yinglong Chen , Zishu Wang , Jinyi Wei , Chenyi Yang , Jianfu Liu , Mingyuan Wang , Hailing Yu , Qizhi Wang

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of most plants. In banana (Musa acuminata L.), microRNA160a (miR160a) is suggested to potentially contribute to the response to low K⁺ stress by modulating the auxin signaling pathway. However, further investigation is required to elucidate its specific regulatory mechanism. This study presents evidence highlighting the critical role of the miR160a-Auxin Response Factor 18 (ARF18) module in conferring low K⁺ tolerance in banana. Both miR160a and its predicted target gene ARF18 displayed elevated expression levels in banana roots, with their expression profiles significantly altered under low K⁺ stress. The inhibitory effect of mac-miR160a on the expression of MaARF18-like-2 was confirmed through tobacco transient transformation and dual-Luciferase reporter assay. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing mac-miR160a (mac-miR160a OE) exhibited enhanced tolerance to low K⁺ stress. Conversely, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing MaARF18-like-2 (MaARF18-like-2 OE) displayed increased sensitivity to K⁺ deficiency. Additionally, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that MaARF18-like-2 mediates the response of Arabidopsis to low K⁺ stress by influencing the expression of genes associated with Ca²⁺, ion transport, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of the miR160a-ARF18-like-2 module in the plant response to low K⁺ stress.

钾（K）是大多数植物生长和发育所必需的养分。在香蕉（Musa acuminata L.）中，microRNA160a（miR160a）被认为可能通过调节辅助素信号通路来促进对低 K+ 胁迫的响应。然而，要阐明其具体的调控机制还需要进一步的研究。本研究提出的证据强调了 miR160a-Auxin Response Factor 18（ARF18）模块在赋予香蕉低 K+耐受性中的关键作用。miR160a及其预测的靶基因ARF18在香蕉根中的表达水平都有所升高，在低K+胁迫下它们的表达谱发生了显著变化。通过烟草瞬时转化和双荧光素酶报告实验证实了mac-miR160a对MaARF18-like-2表达的抑制作用。令人惊讶的是，过表达 mac-miR160a 的拟南芥品系（mac-miR160a OE）对低 K+胁迫表现出更强的耐受性。相反，过表达 MaARF18-like-2 的拟南芥品系（MaARF18-like-2 OE）对 K+ 缺乏的敏感性增强。此外，RNA 测序（RNA-seq）分析表明，MaARF18-like-2 通过影响与 Ca2+、离子转运和活性氧（ROS）信号转导相关的基因表达，介导拟南芥对低 K+胁迫的响应。总之，我们的研究为miR160a-ARF18-like-2模块在植物对低K+胁迫响应中的分子机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Bcwf regulates the white petal color in pak choi [Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis] Bcwf调控白菜白色花瓣的颜色

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112290

Qian Zhou , Tianhui Qu , Dan Li , Yushan Zheng , Liting Zhang , Ying Li , Jianjun Wang , Xilin Hou , Tongkun Liu

Flower color is important in determining the ornamental value of Brassica species. However, our knowledge about the regulation of flower color in pak choi [Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis] is limited. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying white flower traits in pak choi by analyzing a genetic population with white and yellow flowers. Our genetic analysis revealed that the white trait is controlled by a single recessive gene called Bcwf. Through BSA-Seq and fine mapping, we identified a candidate gene, BraC02g039450.1, which is similar to Arabidopsis AtPES2 involved in carotenoid ester synthesis. Sequence analysis showed some mutations in the promoter region of Bcwf in white flowers. Tobacco transient assay confirmed that these mutations reduce the promoter's activity, leading to downregulation of Bcwf expression in white flowers. Furthermore, the silencing of Bcwf in pak choi resulted in lighter petal color and reduced carotenoid content. These findings provide new insights into the molecular regulation of white flower traits in pak choi and highlight the importance of Bcwf in petal coloring and carotenoid accumulation.

花色对决定芸苔属植物的观赏价值非常重要。然而，我们对白菜[Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis]花色调控的了解还很有限。在本研究中，我们通过分析白花和黄花的遗传群体，研究了白花性状的分子机制。遗传分析表明，白花性状由一个名为 Bcwf 的单隐性基因控制。通过BSA-Seq和精细图谱分析，我们发现了一个候选基因BraC02g039450.1，它与拟南芥中参与类胡萝卜素酯合成的AtPES2相似。序列分析表明，白花中 Bcwf 的启动子区域存在一些突变。烟草瞬时试验证实，这些突变降低了启动子的活性，导致白花中 Bcwf 的表达下调。此外，白花中 Bcwf 的沉默导致花瓣颜色变浅，类胡萝卜素含量降低。这些发现为研究白花菜性状的分子调控提供了新的视角，并突出了Bcwf在花瓣着色和类胡萝卜素积累中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Overexpression of the persimmon ABA receptor DkPYL3 gene alters fruit development and ripening in transgenic tomato 过表达柿ABA受体DkPYL3基因会改变转基因番茄的果实发育和成熟。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112287

Xiawan Zhai , Qian Li , Bao Li , Xiaoqing Gao , Xingqiang Liao , Jinyin Chen , Wenbin Kai

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a crucial plant hormone that regulates various aspects of plant development. However, the specific function of the ABA receptor PYL in fruit development has not been fully understood. In this study, we focused on DkPYL3, a member of the ABA receptor subfamily Ⅰ in persimmon, which exhibited high expression levels in fruit, particularly during the young fruit and turning stages. Through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI), protein inhibition assays, and RNA-seq techniques, we identified and characterized the DkPYL3 protein, which was found to inhibit the activity of protein phosphatase type 2 C (PP2C). By heterologous overexpressing (OE) persimmon DkPYL3 in tomatoes, we investigated the impact of the DkPYL3 gene on fruit development and ripening. DkPYL3-OE upregulated the expression of genes related to chlorophyll synthesis and development, leading to a significant increase in chlorophyll content in young fruit. Several fruit quality parameters were also affected by DkPYL3 expression, including sugar content, single fruit weight, and photosynthesis rate. Additionally, fruits overexpressing DkPYL3 exhibited earlier ripening and higher levels of carotenoids and flavonoids compared to wild-type fruits. These results demonstrate the pivotal role of DkPYL3 in ABA-mediated young fruit development, ripening onset, and fruit quality in transgenic tomatoes.

脱落酸（ABA）是一种重要的植物激素，能调节植物发育的各个方面。然而，ABA 受体PYL 在果实发育中的具体功能尚未完全清楚。在本研究中，我们重点研究了柿子中 ABA 受体亚家族Ⅰ的成员 DkPYL3，它在果实中，尤其是幼果期和转色期表现出较高的表达水平。通过酵母双杂交（Y2H）、萤火虫荧光素酶互补成像（LCI）、蛋白抑制实验和RNA-seq技术，我们鉴定并描述了DkPYL3蛋白，发现它能抑制蛋白磷酸酶2 C型（PP2C）的活性。通过在番茄中异源过表达（OE）柿子 DkPYL3，我们研究了 DkPYL3 基因对果实发育和成熟的影响。DkPYL3-OE 上调了叶绿素合成和发育相关基因的表达，导致幼果中叶绿素含量显著增加。DkPYL3 的表达还影响了多个果实质量参数，包括含糖量、单果重量和光合作用速率。此外，与野生型果实相比，过表达 DkPYL3 的果实成熟更早，类胡萝卜素和类黄酮的含量更高。这些结果证明了 DkPYL3 在 ABA 介导的转基因番茄幼果发育、成熟开始和果实品质中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Pelargonic acid’s interaction with the auxin transporter PIN1: A potential mechanism behind its phytotoxic effects on plant metabolism 壬二酸与植物生长素转运体 PIN1 的相互作用：壬二酸对植物新陈代谢产生植物毒性作用的潜在机制

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112278

David López-González , Marta Muñoz Usero , José M. Hermida-Ramón , Sara Álvarez-Rodríguez , Fabrizio Araniti , Marta Teijeira , Mercedes Verdeguer , Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras

Pelargonic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in several organisms, that is known for its phytotoxic effect and its use as bioherbicide for sustainable weed management. Although PA is already commercialised as bioherbicide, its molecular targets and mode of action is unknown according to the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee. Therefore, the aim of this work was focusing on the way this natural active substance impacts the plant metabolism of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. PA caused increase of secondary and adventitious roots, as well as torsion, loss of gravitropism and phytotoxic effects. Moreover, PA altered the cellular arrangement and the PIN proteins activity. Computational simulations revealed that the intermolecular interactions between PA and the polar auxin transporter protein PIN1 are very similar to those established between the natural auxin IAA and PIN1. However, under intracellular conditions, the PA-PIN1 binding is more energetically stable than the IAA-PIN1. These results suggest that PA could act as an auxin-mimics bioherbicide. The exogenous application of PA would be responsible for the alterations observed both at structural and ultrastructural levels, which would be caused by the alteration on the transport of auxins into the plant, inducing root inhibition and ultimately total stop of root growth.

壬二酸（Pelargonic acid，PA）是一种饱和脂肪酸，通常存在于多种生物体内，因其植物毒性作用而闻名，可用作可持续杂草管理的生物除草剂。虽然 PA 已作为生物除草剂实现商业化，但除草剂抗性行动委员会对其分子靶标和作用模式尚不清楚。因此，这项工作的目的是重点研究这种天然活性物质对模式物种拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）植物新陈代谢的影响。PA 会导致次生根和不定根的增加，以及扭转、失去引力和植物毒性效应。此外，PA 还改变了细胞排列和 PIN 蛋白的活性。计算模拟显示，PA 与极性植物生长素转运蛋白 PIN1 之间的分子间相互作用与天然植物生长素 IAA 与 PIN1 之间的相互作用非常相似。然而，在细胞内条件下，PA 与 PIN1 的结合比 IAA 与 PIN1 的结合在能量上更稳定。这些结果表明，PA 可作为一种模拟助剂的生物杀草剂。外源施用 PA 将导致在结构和超微结构水平上观察到的变化，这些变化将由改变植物体内的辅素运输引起，从而导致根抑制，最终完全停止根的生长。

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引用次数: 0

Recent insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis, gene involvement, distribution regulation, and domestication process in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 关于水稻（Oryza sativa L.）花青素生物合成、基因参与、分布调控和驯化过程的最新见解。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112282

Taotao Zhu , Mengxue Du , Huilin Chen , Gang Li , Mengping Wang , Lingzhi Meng

Anthocyanins are water-soluble natural pigments found broadly in plants. As members of the flavonoid family, they are widely distributed in various tissues and organs, including roots, leaves, and flowers, responsible for purple, red, blue, and orange colors. Beyond pigmentation, anthocyanins play a role in plant propagation, stress response, defense mechanisms, and human health benefits. Anthocyanin biosynthesis involves a series of conserved enzymes encoded by structural genes regulated by various transcription factors. In rice, anthocyanin-mediated pigmentation serves as an important morphological marker for varietal identification and purification, a critical nutrient source, and a key trait in studying rice domestication. Anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice is regulated by a ternary conserved MBW transcriptional complexes comprising MYB transcription factors (TFs), basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs, and WD40 repeat protein, which activate the expression of structure genes. Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) commonly has purple hull, purple stigma, purple apiculus, purple leaf, and red pericarp due to the accumulations of anthocyanin or proanthocyanin. However, most cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) varieties lose the anthocyanin phenotypes due to the function variations of some regulators including OsC1, OsRb, and Rc and the structure gene OsDFR. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis. This review summarizes research progress in rice anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways, genes involvements, distribution regulations, and domestication processes. Furthermore, it discusses future prospects for anthocyanin biosynthesis research in rice, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future investigations and applications, and to assist in breeding new rice varieties with organ-targeted anthocyanin deposition.

花青素是一种水溶性天然色素，广泛存在于植物中。作为类黄酮家族的成员，花青素广泛分布于各种组织和器官中，包括根、叶和花，可呈现紫色、红色、蓝色和橙色。除了色素，花青素还在植物繁殖、应激反应、防御机制和人类健康方面发挥作用。花青素的生物合成涉及一系列由各种转录因子调控的结构基因编码的保守酶。在水稻中，花青素介导的色素沉着是品种鉴定和提纯的重要形态标记，也是重要的营养来源，还是研究水稻驯化的关键性状。水稻的花青素生物合成受三元保守的 MBW 转录复合物调控，该复合物由 MYB 转录因子 (TF)、碱性-螺旋-环-螺旋 (bHLH) TF 和 WD40 重复蛋白组成，可激活结构基因的表达。由于花青素或原花青素的积累，野生稻（Oryza rufipogon）通常具有紫色的稻壳、紫色的柱头、紫色的顶端、紫色的叶片和红色的果皮。然而，由于 OsC1、OsRb 和 Rc 等调控因子以及结构基因 OsDFR 的功能变异，大多数栽培稻（Oryza sativa）品种失去了花青素表型。过去几十年来，人们在了解花青素生物合成的分子和遗传机制方面取得了重大进展。本综述总结了水稻花青素生物合成途径、参与基因、分布调控和驯化过程的研究进展。此外，还讨论了水稻花青素生物合成研究的未来前景，旨在为未来的研究和应用提供理论基础，并帮助培育具有器官靶向花青素沉积的水稻新品种。

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