Preventive medicine最新文献_第2页

Evaluating the effectiveness of mailout smoking cessation support: A systematic review and meta-analysis 评估邮寄戒烟支持的有效性：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108162

Amanual Getnet Mersha , Jamie Bryant , Kade Booth , Michelle Kennedy

Objective

One of the main barriers to smoking cessation support is accessibility. Mailout supports can potentially mitigate access barriers, but their effectiveness has not been explored. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of mailout smoking cessation support.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using studies retrieved from six databases, from inception to May 2024. The methodological qualities were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model to estimate pooled effects. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Higgins' I² test. Publication bias was assessed through a funnel plot and Egger's regression test.

Results

A total of 1918 citations were screened, resulting in the inclusion of 12 RCTs. Mailout support significantly improved the odds of smoking cessation at six to twelve months (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI: 1.29, 1.59). Interventions that included nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) were associated with higher odds of smoking cessation (OR = 1.61, 95 % CI: 1.38, 1.87) compared to behavioural interventions alone (OR = 1.28, 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.48). Interventions lasting longer than 12 weeks resulted in higher odds of smoking cessation (OR = 1.57, 95 % CI 1.29, 1.59) compared to interventions lasting 8 to 12 weeks (OR = 1.52, 95 % CI 1.29, 1.80) and less than 8 weeks (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI 1.10, 1.77).

Conclusion

Mailout smoking cessation support improves quitting, especially when interventions include NRT and delivered for longer than 12 weeks. While further research is needed to refine implementation strategies, mailout smoking cessation supports are effective and have potential to reduce access barriers.

目的：戒烟支持的主要障碍之一是可及性。邮寄戒烟支持有可能减轻获得戒烟支持的障碍，但其有效性尚未得到探讨。本综述旨在评估邮寄戒烟支持的有效性：方法：采用从六个数据库中检索到的研究进行了系统综述，研究时间从开始到 2024 年 5 月。采用乔安娜-布里格斯研究所的批判性评估工具对研究方法的质量进行了评估。使用随机效应模型进行元分析，以估计集合效应。异质性采用希金斯I2检验进行评估。通过漏斗图和Egger回归检验评估发表偏倚：结果：共筛选了 1918 篇引文，纳入了 12 项研究性试验。邮寄支持能明显提高戒烟六至十二个月的几率（OR = 1.43，95 % CI：1.29, 1.59）。与单纯的行为干预（OR = 1.28，95 % CI：1.11, 1.48）相比，包含尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）的干预与更高的戒烟几率相关（OR = 1.61，95 % CI：1.38, 1.87）。与持续 8 至 12 周（OR = 1.52，95 % CI 1.29，1.80）和不足 8 周（OR = 1.40，95 % CI 1.10，1.77）的干预相比，持续 12 周以上的干预戒烟几率更高（OR = 1.57，95 % CI 1.29，1.59）：结论：邮寄戒烟支持可提高戒烟率，尤其是当干预措施包括非依赖性戒烟剂（NRT）且持续时间超过12周时。虽然还需要进一步的研究来完善实施策略，但邮寄戒烟支持是有效的，并有可能减少获得戒烟支持的障碍。

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引用次数: 0

A framework to conceptualize social prescribing services from a prevention perspective 从预防角度构思社会处方服务的框架。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108164

Adrienne Alayli , Kerryn Husk , Vashti Berry , Freia De Bock

Objective

Social prescribing models are expanding worldwide to serve multiple goals, such as attending to social conditions that affect people's health, supporting patients with mental health issues or other long-term conditions, facilitating community building and reducing demands on the health care system. Implicitly, many social prescribing services seek to promote health, prevent morbidity or deterioration of disease. Given that the scientific literature currently does not systematically describe these services as preventive service models, we propose a framework to explicitly conceptualize social prescribing from a prevention perspective.

Methods

Based on concepts from prevention science (e.g., classifications of prevention approaches), and a comparison of social prescribing models in different countries, we compiled a framework allowing to conceptualize, plan and evaluate social prescribing from a prevention perspective. Examples of social prescribing models were identified using systematic reviews and focused key-word-searches.

Results

Our framework outlines a systematic process for explicitly designing social prescribing models for prevention purposes. It consists of the following steps: defining target populations (e.g., young people with mild mental health issues), formulating intended outcomes (e.g., improved social participation), determining a prevention approach (e.g., universal or indicated prevention), deciding on the implementation setting (e.g., primary or specialized care) and selecting services for prescription (e.g., physical activity outdoors).

Conclusion

The framework advances the field by guiding the conceptualization, development and evaluation of social prescribing services. It contributes to widening possible settings for social prescribing and considers potential adverse consequences. Thereby the framework opens up new avenues for social prescribing as preventive service model.

目的：社会处方模式正在全球范围内扩展，以实现多种目标，例如关注影响人们健康的社会状况、为有精神健康问题或其他长期疾病的患者提供支持、促进社区建设以及减少对医疗保健系统的需求。隐含的意思是，许多社会处方服务旨在促进健康、预防发病或疾病恶化。鉴于目前的科学文献并没有系统地将这些服务作为预防性服务模式，我们提出了一个框架，从预防的角度来明确社会处方的概念：方法：基于预防科学的概念（如预防方法的分类）以及对不同国家社会处方模式的比较，我们编制了一个框架，以便从预防的角度对社会处方进行概念化、规划和评估。通过系统回顾和重点关键词搜索，我们确定了社会处方模式的范例：结果：我们的框架概述了明确设计社会处方模式用于预防目的的系统过程。它包括以下步骤：确定目标人群（如有轻微精神健康问题的年轻人）、制定预期结果（如改善社会参与）、确定预防方法（如普遍预防或指定预防）、决定实施环境（如初级或专门护理）以及选择处方服务（如户外体育活动）：结论：该框架通过指导社会处方服务的概念化、开发和评估，推动了该领域的发展。它有助于拓宽社会处方的可能范围，并考虑到潜在的不良后果。因此，该框架为作为预防性服务模式的社会处方开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Examining childhood and adulthood stressors as risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in working pregnant individuals: A prospective cohort study 将童年和成年期的压力因素作为工作孕妇妊娠糖尿病的风险因素进行研究：前瞻性队列研究。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108163

Lizette Mendez , Jian Li , Cheng-Tzu Hsieh , Lu Zhang , Jessica Britt , Amy Crockett , Liwei Chen

Aims

This study aimed to examine the individual and joint associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and maternal work and non-work related stressors with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

Working pregnant individuals (n = 1163) from a United States (U.S.) prospective cohort conducted in South Carolina between 2016 and 2021 were included in the study. ACEs were assessed at study enrollment before 20 gestational weeks (GW), while maternal stressors were assessed in late pregnancy and GDM diagnosis occurred between 24 and 30 GW. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to assess associations of ACEs and maternal stressors with GDM.

Results

Childhood abuse, an ACE subdomain, was associated with an elevated but statistically insignificant risk of GDM (adjusted OR = 1.47; 95 % CI: 0.85–2.53). Only maternal work stressors were associated with an increased risk of GDM (adjusted OR = 2.11; 95 % CI: 1.17–3.79) and the association became much stronger among those with childhood abuse experiences (adjusted OR = 3.80; 95 % CI:1.68–8.60).

Conclusion

Among U.S. working pregnant individuals, having work stressors during pregnancy was associated with an elevated risk of developing GDM, particularly among those who had childhood experience of abuse.

目的：本研究旨在探讨不良童年经历（ACE）、孕产妇工作和非工作相关压力因素与妊娠糖尿病（GDM）风险之间的个体和联合关联：本研究纳入了 2016 年至 2021 年期间在南卡罗来纳州进行的一项美国前瞻性队列研究中的工作孕妇（n = 1163）。在 20 孕周（GW）前的研究注册时对 ACE 进行了评估，在孕晚期对母体压力因素进行了评估，GDM 诊断发生在 24 至 30 孕周之间。研究人员进行了多变量逻辑回归，以评估ACE和母体压力因素与GDM的关联：结果：作为 ACE 子域的童年虐待与 GDM 风险升高有关，但在统计学上并不显著（调整 OR = 1.47；95 % CI：0.85-2.53）。只有孕产妇的工作压力与 GDM 风险的增加有关（调整 OR = 2.11；95 % CI：1.17-3.79），而在有童年受虐经历的孕产妇中，这种关联变得更为强烈（调整 OR = 3.80；95 % CI：1.68-8.60）：结论：在美国工作的孕妇中，怀孕期间的工作压力与罹患 GDM 的风险升高有关，尤其是在那些童年曾遭受虐待的孕妇中。

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引用次数: 0

Cancer mortality among solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis 实体器官移植受者的癌症死亡率：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108161

Zhipeng Wang , Lihong Deng , Wen Hou , Shiyu Liu , Yacong Zhang , Chao Sheng , Yu Zhang , Jun Li , Zhongyang Shen

Objectives

To evaluate the cancer mortality risk among solid organ transplant recipients through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed (starting from 1965), ISI Web of Science (starting from 1900), MEDLINE (starting from 1976), and Scopus (starting from 1968) from the inception of each database until July 15, 2024. Studies published in English reporting at least one type of cancer mortality risk among recipients of any type of solid organ transplantation were included. The main outcomes were the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for cancer mortality in transplant recipients compared to the general population, and the hazard ratio (HR) for cancer mortality in transplant recipients versus cancer patients without prior transplantation.

Results

Solid organ transplant recipients had a 2.06-fold increased cancer mortality risk (SMR, 2.06 [95 % CI, 1.56–2.71]) than the general population. Risks were higher in kidney (SMR 1.92 [95 % CI: 1.30–2.84]), liver (SMR 3.07 [95 % CI: 1.80–5.24]), and lung/heart (SMR 4.87 [95 % CI: 3.33–7.12]) transplant recipients. Cancer patients with prior transplantation had a 1.47-fold increased cancer mortality risk (HR 1.47 [95 % CI: 1.29–1.68]) than those without. East Asia female transplant recipients exhibited higher mortality risks from breast, ovarian, cervix and uterus cancers than those from other regions (SMR 3.13 [95 % CI: 1.93–5.07] vs. 1.16 [95 % CI: 0.88–1.53], P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Solid organ transplant recipients face significantly higher cancer mortality risks than the general population, highlighting the need for targeted cancer screening and interventions, especially for female solid organ transplant recipients from East Asia.

目的：通过系统回顾和荟萃分析评估实体器官移植受者的癌症死亡风险：通过系统综述和荟萃分析评估实体器官移植受者的癌症死亡风险：在PubMed（始于1965年）、ISI Web of Science（始于1900年）、MEDLINE（始于1976年）和Scopus（始于1968年）数据库中进行系统检索，检索时间从各数据库建立之初至2024年7月15日。纳入的研究以英文发表，报告了任何类型实体器官移植受者中至少一种癌症的死亡风险。主要结果是移植受者与普通人群癌症死亡率的标准化死亡率（SMR），以及移植受者与未接受过移植的癌症患者癌症死亡率的危险比（HR）：与普通人群相比，实体器官移植受者的癌症死亡风险增加了 2.06 倍（SMR，2.06 [95 % CI，1.56-2.71]）。肾脏（SMR：1.92 [95 % CI：1.30-2.84]）、肝脏（SMR：3.07 [95 % CI：1.80-5.24]）和肺/心脏（SMR：4.87 [95 % CI：3.33-7.12]）移植受者的风险更高。曾接受移植手术的癌症患者的癌症死亡风险（HR 1.47 [95 % CI：1.29-1.68]）比未接受移植手术的患者高出 1.47 倍。东亚女性移植受者患乳腺癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌和子宫癌的死亡风险高于其他地区（SMR 3.13 [95 % CI: 1.93-5.07] vs. 1.16 [95 % CI: 0.88-1.53], P 结论：东亚女性移植受者患乳腺癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌和子宫癌的死亡风险高于其他地区：实体器官移植受者面临的癌症死亡风险明显高于普通人群，这凸显了进行有针对性的癌症筛查和干预的必要性，尤其是对东亚女性实体器官移植受者而言。

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引用次数: 0

Sex differences in tobacco use, attempts to quit smoking, and cessation among dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: Longitudinal findings from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study 香烟和电子烟双重使用者在烟草使用、戒烟尝试和戒烟方面的性别差异：美国烟草与健康人口评估研究的纵向发现。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108112

Elias M. Klemperer , Loren Kock , Marc Jerome P. Feinstein , Sulamunn R.M. Coleman , Diann E. Gaalema , Stephen T. Higgins

Significance

A growing number of adults use more than one tobacco product, with dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes being the most common combination. Monitoring sex disparities in tobacco use is a public health priority. However, little is known regarding whether dual users differ by sex.

Methods

Data came from Waves 4–6 (12/2016–11/2021) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a US nationally-representative longitudinal survey. This analysis included current adult dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. We used weighted generalized estimating equations to assess the association between sex and (1) making a cigarette quit attempt (n = 1882 observations from n = 1526 individuals) and (2) smoking cessation (n = 2081 observations from n = 1688 individuals) across two wave pairs, adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, time-to-first cigarette after waking, and e-cigarette use frequency.

Results

Among US dual users, 14.1% (95% Confidence Intervals [Cl] = 11.9–16.4) of females and 23.4% (20.0–26.9) of males were young adults (aged 18–24), 11.7% (9.2–14.2) of females and 14.4% (11.6–17.2) of males had <high school education, and 82.2% (79.4–84.5) of females and 78.7% (75.1–82.4) of males were white. Overall, 44.9% (41.6–48.1) of females compared with 37.4% (33.5–41.3) of males made an attempt to quit smoking between a baseline and follow-up wave (Adjusted Risk Ratio [ARR] = 1.23, 1.05–1.45). In contrast, there were no apparent differences between females (22.1%, 19.0–25.2) and males (24.3%, 21.5–27.1) in smoking cessation (ARR = 1.06, 0.84–1.35).

Conclusion

US females who dually use e-cigarettes and cigarettes were more likely to attempt to quit smoking, but not more likely to succeed at quitting, than males.

意义重大：越来越多的成年人使用一种以上的烟草产品，最常见的组合是同时使用香烟和电子烟。监测烟草使用的性别差异是公共卫生的当务之急。然而，人们对双重使用者在性别上是否存在差异知之甚少：数据来自美国全国代表性纵向调查 "烟草与健康人群评估研究 "的第 4-6 波（2016 年 12 月至 2021 年 11 月）。这项分析包括当前的卷烟和电子烟双重使用者。我们使用加权广义估计方程来评估性别与（1）尝试戒烟（n = 1526 人中的 1882 个观测值）和（2）戒烟（n = 1688 人中的 2081 个观测值）之间的关联，并对年龄、教育程度、种族、起床后第一次吸烟的时间和电子烟使用频率进行了调整：在美国的双重使用者中，14.1%（95% 置信区间 [Cl] = 11.9-16.4）的女性和 23.4%（20.0-26.9）的男性为年轻成年人（18-24 岁），11.7%（9.2-14.2）的女性和 14.4%（11.6-17.2）的男性为康奈尔人：与男性相比，同时使用电子烟和香烟的美国女性更有可能尝试戒烟，但成功戒烟的可能性并不大。

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引用次数: 0

Moral injury among women military veterans and demand for cigarettes: A behavioral economic investigation using a hypothetical purchase task 女退伍军人的道德伤害与香烟需求：使用假设购买任务的行为经济学调查。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108036

Justin T. McDaniel , Ryan Redner , Jolie N. Haun , Patrick McCowen , Stephen T. Higgins

Objectives

Unlike the United States general population, veteran women – as opposed to veteran men – have greater smoking prevalence; yet, little is known regarding factors that influence smoking in veteran women. The purpose of this study was to begin examining the relationship between a psychological concept known as moral injury and demand for cigarettes among veteran women.

Methods

Veteran women who smoke (n = 44) were recruited for this cross-sectional study from Amazon MTurk, Reddit, and a veteran-serving non-profit organization in June–July 2023. Consenting participants received $2 for completing the cigarette purchase task (CPT), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and the military version of the Moral Injury Symptom Scale (MISS-M-SF). We examined five CPT demand indices and calculated a modified exponential demand model stratified by moral injury severity status (i.e., probable vs. unlikely).

Results

Probable morally injured women exhibited significantly higher relative reinforcing value (RRV) for smoking than unlikely morally injured women (F_{1, 920} = 9.16, p = 0.003). Average cigarette consumption at $0 (i.e., Q₀) was 48.56% higher (M = 22.24 vs. M = 13.55) in probable compared to unlikely morally injured women (p = 0.04, Hedge's g = 0.74). FTND scores were significantly correlated with P_max (i.e., demand elasticity point) and O_max (i.e., maximum expenditure) values in both populations (rs = 0.42–0.68, ps < 0.05).

Conclusions

We provide preliminary evidence of the relatively high RRV of smoking in morally injured veteran women. Continued research is needed to refine the characterization of this relationship.

目的：与美国普通人群不同，退伍女性（相对于退伍男性）的吸烟率更高；然而，人们对影响退伍女性吸烟的因素知之甚少。本研究的目的是开始研究一种被称为道德伤害的心理概念与退伍妇女对香烟需求之间的关系：这项横断面研究于 2023 年 6 月至 7 月间从亚马逊 MTurk、Reddit 和一家为退伍军人服务的非营利组织招募了吸烟的退伍女性（n = 44）。获得同意的参与者在完成香烟购买任务（CPT）、法格斯托姆尼古丁依赖测试（FTND）和军事版道德伤害症状量表（MISS-M-SF）后可获得 2 美元。我们研究了五项 CPT 需求指数，并计算了按精神伤害严重程度分层（即可能与不可能）的修正指数需求模型：结果：可能受到精神伤害的女性对吸烟的相对强化价值（RRV）明显高于不可能受到精神伤害的女性（F1，920 = 9.16，P = 0.003）。与不可能受到精神伤害的女性相比，可能受到精神伤害的女性在 0 元（即 Q0）时的平均吸烟量高出 48.56%（M = 22.24 vs. M = 13.55）（p = 0.04，Hedge's g = 0.74）。在这两个人群中，FTND 分数与 Pmax（即需求弹性点）和 Omax（即最大支出）值有明显相关性（rs = 0.42-0.68, ps 结论：我们提供的初步证据表明，在精神受伤的退伍女性中，吸烟的 RRV 相对较高。需要继续研究以完善这种关系的特征。

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引用次数: 0

Transitions between smoking and vaping: Evidence (or lack thereof) on potential differences by gender and sex 吸烟与吸食电子烟之间的过渡：关于性别和性潜在差异的证据（或缺乏证据

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107974

Jamie Hartmann-Boyce , Monserrat Conde , Eliza Zhitnik , Jazmine Chan , Rachna Begh , Nancy A. Rigotti , Nicola Lindson

Objective

To synthesize existing evidence on possible differential effects by sex and gender from two Cochrane reviews evaluating vaping and smoking transitions.

Methods

We screened included studies from two Cochrane reviews for studies reporting smoking outcomes based on gender or sex. The first review examines the effects of using e-cigarettes to help people quit smoking and includes randomized controlled trials and uncontrolled intervention studies published to July 2023. The second review aims to assess the evidence on the relationship between the use and availability of e-cigarettes and subsequent smoking in young people (aged 29 and younger) and includes quasi-experimental and cohort studies published to April 2023. Due to the paucity and heterogeneity of data, we report results narratively.

Results

10 of 161 studies included in the two relevant reviews met our criteria. Only five reported analyzing whether observed effects or associations varied based on sex and/or gender. A further three provided relevant descriptive information, and two did not report overall outcomes regarding vaping and smoking transitions but did investigate whether these differed by sex/gender. Synthesized data were largely inconclusive, but there was some suggestion that vaping was more strongly associated with subsequent smoking in young males than females. No studies reported data on nonbinary participants.

Conclusions

Despite plausible reasons why sex and gender may be moderators of vaping and smoking transitions, there is little evidence investigating this. Future studies of vaping and smoking transitions should conduct and report analyses investigating potential differences based on sex and gender.

综合两篇 Cochrane 综述报告中关于吸食电子烟和吸烟过渡可能产生的性别差异效应的现有证据。我们筛选了两篇 Cochrane 综述中的纳入研究，以寻找根据性别报告吸烟结果的研究。第一篇综述研究了使用电子烟帮助人们戒烟的效果，包括截至 2023 年 7 月发表的随机对照试验和非对照干预研究。第二篇综述旨在评估电子烟的使用和供应与年轻人（29 岁及以下）随后吸烟之间关系的证据，包括截至 2023 年 4 月发表的准实验研究和队列研究。由于数据的稀缺性和异质性，我们以叙述方式报告结果。在两篇相关综述收录的 161 项研究中，有 10 项符合我们的标准。只有 5 项研究报告分析了观察到的效应或关联是否因性别和/或性取向而异。另有三项研究提供了相关的描述性信息，两项研究没有报告有关吸食和吸烟转变的总体结果，但调查了这些结果是否因性别而异。综合数据基本上没有定论，但有一些迹象表明，与女性相比，年轻男性吸食电子烟与随后吸烟的关系更为密切。没有研究报告非二元参与者的数据。尽管性别和性取向可能是影响吸烟和吸烟转变的因素，但这方面的证据很少。未来有关吸食电子烟和吸烟过渡的研究应该对基于性别的潜在差异进行调查分析并做出报告。

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引用次数: 0

Smoking cessation among sexual minority women: Differences in cigarette quit ratios across age, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation 性少数群体女性的戒烟情况：不同年龄、种族/族裔和性取向的戒烟率差异。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108035

Josephine T. Hinds , Stephen T. Russell , Andrea H. Weinberger

Objective

Sexual minority (SM) women experience tobacco-related disparities and report a higher prevalence of cigarette use, as well as subgroup differences in use, but little is known about their quitting behavior. This study used data from a national sample of United States SM women to examine cigarette quit ratios overall and by age, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation.

Methods

Using baseline survey data from the Generations Study (2016–2017, N = 812), we calculated quit ratios among SM women reporting lifetime smoking (100+ cigarettes) who reported currently smoking “not at all” relative to those reporting smoking “every day or some days.” Quitting was compared across cohort, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation, controlling for household income.

Results

SM women reporting lifetime smoking in the older cohort were significantly more likely to report quitting than those in the younger cohort. Bisexual women also reported a greater likelihood of quitting than gay/lesbian women. There was no association between race/ethnicity and the probability of quitting smoking.

Conclusions

SM women remain a priority for tobacco prevention and cessation efforts. There is evidence that the probability of quitting cigarettes differs across sexual orientation and age cohorts, which has implications for tailoring of interventions and tobacco communications.

目的：性少数群体（SM）女性经历了与烟草相关的差异，报告了较高的香烟使用率，以及使用方面的亚群体差异，但对她们的戒烟行为却知之甚少。本研究利用美国性少数群体妇女的全国样本数据，研究了总体戒烟率以及不同年龄、种族/民族和性取向的戒烟率：利用 "世代研究"（2016-2017 年，N = 812）的基线调查数据，我们计算了报告终生吸烟（100 支以上）且报告目前 "完全不吸烟 "的 SM 女性相对于报告 "每天或有些日子吸烟 "的 SM 女性的戒烟率。在控制家庭收入的前提下，对不同组群、种族/民族和性取向的戒烟情况进行了比较：报告终生吸烟的老年组群中的 SM 女性报告戒烟的可能性明显高于年轻组群中的女性。双性恋女性戒烟的可能性也高于同性恋女性。种族/民族与戒烟概率之间没有关联：SM女性仍然是烟草预防和戒烟工作的重点。有证据表明，不同性取向和不同年龄组别的戒烟概率是不同的，这对有针对性的干预措施和烟草宣传具有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Reprint of: Clustering of behavioral economic biases in decision-making and risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use in women and men 重印本：决策中的行为经济学偏差与女性和男性吸烟及其他药物使用风险的聚类。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108093

Eric A. Thrailkill , Michael DeSarno , Stephen T. Higgins

Background

Low loss aversion (LA) and high delay discounting (DD) are behavioral-economic decision-making biases that independently predict cigarette smoking and other risky substance use. Here we examine (1) whether low-LA and high-DD co-occur, (2) does co-occurrence increase the odds of current smoking and other substance use compared to only low-LA, high-DD, or neither; and (3) potential gender differences in these associations.

Method

Data are from five studies with U.S. adults who currently smoked or never-smoked cigarettes recruited using online convenience sampling matching on gender and education. Participants completed identical sociodemographic, substance use (cigarette, other drugs, alcohol), and LA (hypothetical 50–50 gambles) and DD (monetary-choice questionnaire) measures. LA and DD scores were dichotomized as low and high using Receiver-Operating-Characteristic Curve logistic regression.

Results

LA and DD each independently predicted substance use and with few exceptions were not influenced by gender. Low-LA compared to high-LA predicted two-fold greater odds of co-occurring high-DD (AOR = 2.120, 95%CI:1.749–2.571, p < .0001). Similarly, high-DD compared to low DD predicted two-fold greater odds of low-LA (AOR = 2.118, 95%CI:1.747–2.568, p < .0001). Among those with co-occurring low-LA and high-DD, odds of substance use were 5–10 times greater than those exhibiting neither, and 2–3 times greater than those exhibiting only low-LA or high-DD.

Conclusions

Low-LA and high-DD cluster in women and men such that exhibiting one of these decision-making biases doubles the odds of exhibiting the other. These results demonstrate reliable clustering of low-LA and high-DD and a striking increase in risk for substance use relative to having only one or neither decision-making bias.

背景：低损失厌恶（LA）和高延迟贴现（DD）是行为经济决策偏差，可独立预测吸烟和其他危险物质的使用。在此，我们研究了（1）低LA和高DD是否同时存在；（2）与仅低LA、高DD或两者均不存在相比，同时存在是否会增加当前吸烟和使用其他药物的几率；以及（3）这些关联中潜在的性别差异：数据来自五项研究，研究对象为美国成年人，他们目前吸烟或从未吸烟，研究采用在线便利抽样的方式，根据性别和教育程度进行匹配。参与者完成了相同的社会人口学、药物使用（香烟、其他药物、酒精）、LA（假设五五分成赌博）和 DD（货币选择问卷）测量。使用接收器-操作-特征曲线逻辑回归法将LA和DD得分分为低分和高分：结果：LA 和 DD 均可独立预测药物使用情况，除少数例外情况外，不受性别影响。低 LA 与高 LA 相比，并发高 DD 的几率要高出两倍（AOR = 2.120，95%CI:1.749-2.571, p 结论：低 LA 和高 DD 聚类在一起：低LA和高DD在女性和男性中聚集，表现出其中一种决策偏差会使表现出另一种决策偏差的几率增加一倍。这些结果表明，低LA和高DD具有可靠的聚集性，相对于只有一种或两种决策偏差，使用药物的风险显著增加。

{"title":"Reprint of: Clustering of behavioral economic biases in decision-making and risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use in women and men","authors":"Eric A. Thrailkill , Michael DeSarno , Stephen T. Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low loss aversion (LA) and high delay discounting (DD) are behavioral-economic decision-making biases that independently predict cigarette smoking and other risky substance use. Here we examine (1) whether low-LA and high-DD co-occur, (2) does co-occurrence increase the odds of current smoking and other substance use compared to only low-LA, high-DD, or neither; and (3) potential gender differences in these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data are from five studies with U.S. adults who currently smoked or never-smoked cigarettes recruited using online convenience sampling matching on gender and education. Participants completed identical sociodemographic, substance use (cigarette, other drugs, alcohol), and LA (hypothetical 50–50 gambles) and DD (monetary-choice questionnaire) measures. LA and DD scores were dichotomized as low and high using Receiver-Operating-Characteristic Curve logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LA and DD each independently predicted substance use and with few exceptions were not influenced by gender. Low-LA compared to high-LA predicted two-fold greater odds of co-occurring high-DD (AOR = 2.120, 95%CI:1.749–2.571, <em>p</em> < .0001). Similarly, high-DD compared to low DD predicted two-fold greater odds of low-LA (AOR = 2.118, 95%CI:1.747–2.568, <em>p</em> < .0001). Among those with co-occurring low-LA and high-DD, odds of substance use were 5–10 times greater than those exhibiting neither, and 2–3 times greater than those exhibiting only low-LA or high-DD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Low-LA and high-DD cluster in women and men such that exhibiting one of these decision-making biases doubles the odds of exhibiting the other. These results demonstrate reliable clustering of low-LA and high-DD and a striking increase in risk for substance use relative to having only one or neither decision-making bias.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 108093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reprint of: Sex differences in appeal, reward, and sensory experience of E-cigarette flavors among adults who smoke cigarettes 转载：吸烟成年人在电子烟口味的吸引力、奖励和感官体验方面的性别差异。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108114

Danielle R. Davis , Eugenia Buta , Barry Green , Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin

Objective

Flavors enhance nicotine e-cigarette appeal by altering sensory experience. Females may be more sensitive to tobacco-associated cues and uniquely affected by flavor. The current study is an exploratory analysis to examine differences by sex on reward, appeal, and sensory experience of popular e-cigarette flavors.

Methods

Adults (N = 121) who use cigarettes (≥1 cigarette/day) were enrolled in a laboratory study in which they vaped four e-cigarette flavors (tobacco, cherry, menthol, vanilla; in separate lab sessions) in one of two freebase nicotine concentrations (6 mg/ml,18 mg/ml). Following exposures, participants rated e-cigarette reward using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ), flavor and overall e-cigarette appeal using Labeled Hedonic Scales (LHS), and intensity of flavor, irritation, coolness, fruitiness, and sweetness using Generalized Labeled Magnitude Scales (gLMS). Linear mixed models were conducted for outcomes to analyze effects of sex, flavor, and sex x flavor interaction.

Results

For DEQ ratings, there was a trend (p = .08) toward a sex x flavor interaction, in which menthol flavor produced more reward than other flavors for females, but not males. For LHS ratings, there was a significant sex x flavor interaction (p = .03) for overall e-cigarette experience with females but not males rating menthol higher than other flavors. All gLMS scales but irritation showed that females generally had greater differences between flavors compared to males (ps ≤ 0.03).

Conclusion

Menthol in e-cigarettes may play an important role in mediating appeal and/or reward among females. This may be due in part to their ability to better detect sensory effects of e-cigarettes.

目的：香料通过改变感官体验来增强尼古丁电子烟的吸引力。女性可能对烟草相关线索更敏感，受香味的影响也更独特。目前的研究是一项探索性分析，旨在研究流行电子烟口味的奖励、吸引力和感官体验方面的性别差异：使用香烟（≥1 支/天）的成年人（N = 121）参加了一项实验室研究，他们在两种游离尼古丁浓度（6 毫克/毫升、18 毫克/毫升）中的一种中吸食了四种电子烟口味（烟草、樱桃、薄荷、香草；分别在不同的实验室环节中进行）。接触后，参与者使用药物效应问卷（DEQ）对电子烟的奖励进行评分，使用标签式享乐量表（LHS）对电子烟的味道和整体吸引力进行评分，使用广义标签式量表（gLMS）对味道的强度、刺激性、凉爽感、果味和甜味进行评分。结果采用线性混合模型来分析性别、口味和性别 x 口味交互作用的影响：在 DEQ 评分中，存在性别 x 味道交互作用的趋势（p = 0.08），其中女性的薄荷味道比其他味道产生更多奖励，而男性则没有。在 LHS 评分中，性别与口味的交互作用（p = 0.03）对电子烟的整体体验有显著影响，女性对薄荷口味的评分高于其他口味，而男性则没有。除刺激性外，所有 gLMS 量表均显示女性与男性相比在不同口味之间的差异更大（ps ≤ 0.03）：结论：电子烟中的薄荷醇可能对女性的吸引力和/或奖励起着重要的中介作用。结论：电子烟中的薄荷醇可能在调解对女性的吸引力和/或奖励方面发挥了重要作用，部分原因可能是女性能够更好地检测电子烟的感官效果。

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引用次数: 0