Preventive medicine最新文献

英文中文

Breastfeeding duration and serum organochlorine pesticides concentrations in young residents from two central-southern states of Mexico 墨西哥中南部两个州年轻居民的母乳喂养时间和血清有机氯农药浓度

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108520

Rodrigo Ugalde-Resano , Ángel Mérida-Ortega , Janet Flores-Lujano , Juan C. Núñez-Enríquez , Mariano E. Cebrián , Lizbeth López-Carrillo

Objective

Impact of breastfeeding duration on the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in offspring remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between breastfeeding duration and serum concentrations of 21 OCP in individuals between 2.5 and 19 years old from central-southern states of Mexico.

Methods

We included 317 individuals that participated as controls in a population-based study in Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico (2021–2024). We directly interviewed parents/guardians to collect data on breastfeeding duration and sociodemographic characteristics. Serum OCP were measured using gas chromatography. We categorized breastfeeding duration in months: 0, 1–12, and > 12. We used adjusted linear regression models to assess the associations between serum OCP and breastfeeding duration, also stratifying by sex and participant's age.

Results

Compared with individuals who were never breastfed, those breastfed ≤12 months showed a positive but non-significant association with p,p’-DDE (β = 0.65; 95% CI: −0.08, 1.38), while those breastfed >12 months had a significant association (β = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.04, 1.49), that remained only among males and individuals ≤124 months of age. We did not observe significant associations for other OCP.

Conclusions

Although breastfeeding offers well-known health benefits, in high-risk populations it may also contribute to exposure to persistent environmental contaminants such as p,p’-DDE.

目的探讨母乳喂养时间对子代有机氯农药（OCP）含量的影响。因此，我们旨在评估来自墨西哥中南部各州2.5至19岁个体的母乳喂养时间与血清21 OCP浓度之间的关系。方法：我们在墨西哥普埃布拉和特拉斯卡拉（2021-2024）纳入了317名作为对照的人群研究。我们直接采访父母/监护人，收集母乳喂养持续时间和社会人口统计学特征的数据。采用气相色谱法测定血清OCP。我们将母乳喂养时间按月分类：0、1-12和12个月。我们使用调整后的线性回归模型来评估血清OCP与母乳喂养时间之间的关系，并根据性别和参与者的年龄进行分层。结果与未母乳喂养的个体相比，母乳喂养≤12个月的个体与p，p′-DDE呈正相关（β = 0.65, 95% CI: - 0.08, 1.38），而母乳喂养≤12个月的个体与p，p′-DDE呈正相关（β = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.04, 1.49），且仅存在于男性和≤124个月的个体中。我们没有观察到其他OCP的显著相关性。结论：虽然母乳喂养具有众所周知的健康益处，但在高危人群中，母乳喂养也可能导致暴露于持久性环境污染物，如p，p ' -DDE。

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引用次数: 0

Co-administration of recombinant zoster vaccine with other recommended vaccines among older adults in the United States of America 重组带状疱疹疫苗与其他推荐疫苗在美国老年人中共同施用

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108521

Justin Gatwood , Yong Zhu , Andrea Steffens , Stephanie Gallagher , Lisa Le , Andrew Lamers , Nikita Stempniewicz

Objective

Co-administration of most adult vaccines is recommended to increase uptake, including recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV), which is recommended for all adults aged ≥50 years in the United States.

Methods

This retrospective study used administrative claims data from the Optum Research Database for patients aged ≥50 years. Patients with ≥1 claim for RZV during 2017–2023 were divided into two cohorts based on whether their first RZV dose was co-administered with influenza, pneumococcal, and/or tetanus-diphtheria/tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccines. Geospatial analysis visualized co-administration at county and zip code levels. Multivariable logistic regression compared characteristics across cohorts and assessed relationships between co-administration and other factors with RZV series completion and dosing schedule adherence.

Results

RZV was co-administered in 24.2% of 1,622,250 patients who received RZV and was most common with influenza vaccine (65.1%), peaking in fall each year. Geospatial analysis revealed the lowest levels of co-administration in the Northeast. Logistic regression identified age ≥ 70 years, Asian race, higher education and household income, fewer comorbidities, and administration in a pharmacy as associated with lower odds of RZV co-administration. RZV co-administration was associated with lower odds of series completion and dosing schedule adherence.

Conclusions

Opportunities exist to increase co-administration of RZV with other recommended vaccines.

目的：在美国，大多数成人疫苗都被推荐接种，包括重组带状疱疹疫苗（RZV），该疫苗被推荐用于所有年龄≥50岁的成年人。方法本回顾性研究使用来自Optum研究数据库的行政索赔数据，涉及年龄≥50岁的患者。2017-2023年期间RZV索赔≥1的患者根据其首次RZV剂量是否与流感、肺炎球菌和/或破伤风-白喉/破伤风-白喉-无细胞百日咳疫苗共同接种分为两组。地理空间分析可视化了县和邮政编码级别的共同管理。多变量logistic回归比较了各队列的特征，并评估了联合给药和其他因素与RZV系列完成和给药计划依从性之间的关系。结果在1,622250例RZV患者中，有24.2%的患者同时接种了RZV，其中以流感疫苗最常见（65.1%），每年秋季达到高峰。地理空间分析显示，东北地区的共同行政管理水平最低。Logistic回归发现年龄≥70岁、亚洲种族、高等教育程度和家庭收入、较少的合并症以及在药房给药与RZV联合给药的几率较低相关。RZV联合给药与较低的系列完成率和给药计划依从性相关。结论存在增加RZV与其他推荐疫苗联合使用的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Protecting SNAP as a critical public health intervention 保护SNAP作为关键的公共卫生干预措施。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108518

Anna E. Austin , Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba , Courtney N. Maierhofer , Rebecca B. Naumann , Paul R. Shafer

引用次数: 0

The impact of frequent interruptions to sedentary behavior on postprandial metabolism in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials 频繁中断久坐行为对健康成人餐后代谢的影响：随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108517

Yuli Zhang , Zhenghui Zha , Cuiyun Tian , Dongxiang Huang , Tuming Shen , Jingbin Liu , Songtao Wang

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of interrupting sedentary behavior on postprandial metabolic outcomes in healthy adults.

Methods

We systematically searched seven databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL Complete) from inception to June 6, 2025, for eligible randomized controlled trials. Primary outcomes included total and incremental areas under the curve for glucose, insulin, and triglycerides. Study quality (Cochrane Risk of Bias version 2) and overall evidence quality (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) were assessed. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis in Stata 18.0, with effects expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results

Seventeen randomized controlled trials comprising 337 healthy adults were included. Meta-analysis showed that interrupting sedentary behavior significantly reduced glucose incremental area under the curve (SMD = −0.35; 95% CI: −0.56, −0.15) and insulin incremental area under the curve (SMD = −0.37; 95% CI: −0.56, −0.18), but had no significant effect on total area under the curve for glucose, insulin, and triglycerides, nor on the incremental area for triglycerides.

Conclusions

Interrupting sedentary behavior improves postprandial metabolism by specifically reducing the spike in blood glucose and insulin after a meal, without affecting overall metabolic exposure or lipid levels.

目的：评估中断久坐行为对健康成人餐后代谢结果的影响。方法：从研究开始到2025年6月6日，我们系统地检索了7个数据库（PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Cochrane、Web of Science、SPORTDiscus和CINAHL Complete），以获得符合条件的随机对照试验。主要结局包括葡萄糖、胰岛素和甘油三酯曲线下的总面积和增量面积。评估了研究质量（Cochrane Risk of Bias version 2）和总体证据质量（分级推荐、评估、发展和评价）。在Stata 18.0中使用随机效应荟萃分析合并数据，效应用标准化平均差（SMD）和95%置信区间（95% CI）表示。结果：纳入17项随机对照试验，包括337名健康成人。荟萃分析显示，中断久坐行为可显著降低葡萄糖曲线下增量面积（SMD = -0.35;95% CI: -0.56, -0.15）和胰岛素曲线下增量面积（SMD = -0.37;95% CI: -0.56, -0.18），但对葡萄糖、胰岛素和甘油三酯的曲线下总面积无显著影响，对甘油三酯的曲线下增量面积也无显著影响。结论：通过降低餐后血糖和胰岛素的峰值，打断久坐行为可以改善餐后代谢，而不会影响整体代谢暴露或脂质水平。

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引用次数: 0

Everyday discrimination as a predictor of forgone care among early midlife adults in the United States 日常歧视是美国中年早期成年人放弃照顾的一个预测因素。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108514

Norah Wilson, Devora Shapiro, Adrianne Frech

Objective

Forgone healthcare is associated with worsening health, higher mortality, and increasing healthcare costs. Everyday discrimination is associated with fewer preventive care screenings and poorer health. Yet prior research has not investigated whether everyday discrimination is associated with forgone healthcare in a nationally representative sample of US adults. We used longitudinal panel data to investigate the role of everyday discrimination in predicting forgone healthcare among US adults at midlife.

Methods

Data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative panel study of US adults beginning in 1994–1995. Data were collected across six waves, with the most recent wave including data from 2022 to 2025. We used logistic regression and a lagged measure of everyday discrimination to predict forgone care. Analyses were conducted in 2025.

Results

As everyday discrimination increased, so did the odds of forgone healthcare. These results persisted when limiting the sample to the insured and after adjusting for socioeconomic status and diagnosed health conditions.

Conclusions

Everyday discrimination and forgone care are associated with worsening health. Future research should continue to investigate how these experiences exacerbate health disparities at midlife.

目的：放弃医疗保健与健康状况恶化、死亡率升高和医疗费用增加有关。日常歧视与较少的预防保健筛查和较差的健康状况有关。然而，之前的研究并没有调查日常歧视是否与美国成年人的全国代表性样本中放弃医疗保健有关。我们使用纵向面板数据来调查日常歧视在预测美国中年成年人放弃医疗保健方面的作用。方法：数据来自全国青少年到成人健康纵向研究，这是一项1994-1995年开始的具有全国代表性的美国成年人小组研究。数据分六波收集，最近一波包括2022年至2025年的数据。我们使用逻辑回归和日常歧视的滞后测量来预测放弃的护理。分析在2025年进行。结果：随着日常歧视的增加，放弃医疗保健的几率也在增加。当将样本限制为参保者，并在调整了社会经济地位和诊断的健康状况后，这些结果仍然存在。结论：日常歧视和放弃护理与健康恶化有关。未来的研究应该继续调查这些经历是如何加剧中年健康差异的。

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引用次数: 0

Child access prevention laws and firearm storage in the US: Associations by law stringency and social vulnerability 美国儿童接触预防法律和枪支储存：法律严格性和社会脆弱性的关联。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108516

Stephen N. Oliphant , Michelle Degli Esposti , Katherine G. Hastings , Heather A. Hartman , Peter F. Ehrlich , Patrick M. Carter , Rebeccah L. Sokol

Objective

It is unclear whether Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws influence firearm storage.We sought to analyze the association of CAP laws with loaded and unlocked firearm storage.

Methods

We used logistic regressions to analyze survey data of 2264 firearm owners from a 2023 nationally representative U.S. sample. Secondary analyses disaggregated CAP laws by stringency (i.e., liability thresholds for negligent storage) and examined associations by parental status and county social vulnerability.

Results

Nearly one-third of U.S. firearm owners reported storing at least one firearm loaded and unlocked (unsecure storage). Residence in a CAP law state was only associated with lower odds of unsecure storage in unadjusted models; however, firearm-owning adults in states with the most stringent CAP laws were less likely to report unsecure storage than those in non-CAP law states even after covariate adjustment. In analyses stratified by county social vulnerability, CAP laws were only associated with lower odds of unsecure storage in the least vulnerable counties.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the relationship between CAP laws and firearm storage varies depending on the stringency of the law and county social vulnerability. Understanding how these and other factors drive effect heterogeneity will inform CAP laws and implementation efforts.

目的：尚不清楚儿童接触预防（CAP）法律是否影响枪支储存。我们试图分析CAP法律与上膛和未上膛的枪支储存之间的关系。方法：我们使用逻辑回归分析了来自2023年具有全国代表性的美国样本的2264名枪支拥有者的调查数据：二级分析按严格程度（即疏忽储存的责任阈值）分解了CAP法律，并检查了父母身份和县社会脆弱性之间的关联。结果：近三分之一的美国枪支拥有者报告至少存放一支上膛且未上锁的枪支（不安全的存储）。在未调整的模型中，居住在CAP法律州仅与较低的不安全存储几率相关；然而，即使经过协变量调整，在CAP法律最严格的州，拥有枪支的成年人报告不安全储存的可能性也低于没有CAP法律的州。在按县社会脆弱性分层的分析中，CAP法律仅与最不脆弱县的不安全存储几率较低有关。结论：CAP法律与枪支储存的关系因法律的严格程度和县域社会脆弱性而异。了解这些因素和其他因素是如何驱动效果异质性的，将为共同农业政策的法律和实施工作提供信息。

{"title":"Child access prevention laws and firearm storage in the US: Associations by law stringency and social vulnerability","authors":"Stephen N. Oliphant , Michelle Degli Esposti , Katherine G. Hastings , Heather A. Hartman , Peter F. Ehrlich , Patrick M. Carter , Rebeccah L. Sokol","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>It is unclear whether Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws influence firearm storage.We sought to analyze the association of CAP laws with loaded and unlocked firearm storage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used logistic regressions to analyze survey data of 2264 firearm owners from a 2023 nationally representative U.S. sample. Secondary analyses disaggregated CAP laws by stringency (i.e., liability thresholds for negligent storage) and examined associations by parental status and county social vulnerability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nearly one-third of U.S. firearm owners reported storing at least one firearm loaded and unlocked (unsecure storage). Residence in a CAP law state was only associated with lower odds of unsecure storage in unadjusted models; however, firearm-owning adults in states with the most stringent CAP laws were less likely to report unsecure storage than those in non-CAP law states even after covariate adjustment. In analyses stratified by county social vulnerability, CAP laws were only associated with lower odds of unsecure storage in the least vulnerable counties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results suggest that the relationship between CAP laws and firearm storage varies depending on the stringency of the law and county social vulnerability. Understanding how these and other factors drive effect heterogeneity will inform CAP laws and implementation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping school food provision models in European cities: Operational, infrastructural, and financial insights 绘制欧洲城市的学校食品供应模式：运营、基础设施和财务见解。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108515

Evelin Piirsalu , Brigita Tool , Irene Vidal , Manuel Franco

Objective

This study aims to provide a comparative overview of school food provision models in 17 cities across 12 European countries. It explores the operational, infrastructural, and financial dimensions of these models, identifying key trade-offs, challenges and opportunities for promoting healthy and sustainable school food environments.

Methods

Data were collected via an electronic questionnaire administered to SchoolFood4Change project partners in 2022. The questionnaire covered meal types and costs, operational and manufacturing models, and kitchen infrastructure. Supplementary desk research was conducted to clarify responses and gain a deeper understanding of the findings' context.

Results

The analysis reveals that school food provision models are more influenced by institutional, historical, and policy contexts than by city size. Contract catering dominates, yet in-house systems persist where welfare traditions and nutrition education policies emphasise child health and learning. Centralised kitchens often reflect historical planning or socialist legacies, while mixed systems arise in decentralised governance contexts.

Conclusions

Organisational diversity stems from the interaction of governance structures, policy priorities, and infrastructure, illustrating how Europe's school food systems balance economic efficiency with social and educational goals for children's wellbeing. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of school food provision models in Europe.

目的：本研究旨在对欧洲12个国家17个城市的学校供餐模式进行比较综述。它探讨了这些模式的运营、基础设施和财务层面，确定了促进健康和可持续学校食品环境的关键权衡、挑战和机遇。方法：通过电子问卷收集数据，并于2022年向SchoolFood4Change项目合作伙伴发放调查问卷。调查问卷涵盖了膳食类型和成本、运营和制造模式以及厨房基础设施。补充课桌研究是为了澄清回应，并更深入地了解调查结果的背景。结果：分析表明，学校供餐模式更受制度、历史和政策背景的影响，而不是城市规模的影响。合同餐饮占主导地位，但在福利传统和营养教育政策强调儿童健康和学习的地方，内部体系仍然存在。集中式厨房通常反映了历史规划或社会主义遗产，而混合系统则出现在分散的治理环境中。结论：组织多样性源于治理结构、政策优先事项和基础设施的相互作用，说明了欧洲学校食品系统如何平衡经济效率与儿童福利的社会和教育目标。本研究有助于加深对欧洲学校供餐模式的理解。

{"title":"Mapping school food provision models in European cities: Operational, infrastructural, and financial insights","authors":"Evelin Piirsalu , Brigita Tool , Irene Vidal , Manuel Franco","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to provide a comparative overview of school food provision models in 17 cities across 12 European countries. It explores the operational, infrastructural, and financial dimensions of these models, identifying key trade-offs, challenges and opportunities for promoting healthy and sustainable school food environments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected via an electronic questionnaire administered to SchoolFood4Change project partners in 2022. The questionnaire covered meal types and costs, operational and manufacturing models, and kitchen infrastructure. Supplementary desk research was conducted to clarify responses and gain a deeper understanding of the findings' context.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis reveals that school food provision models are more influenced by institutional, historical, and policy contexts than by city size. Contract catering dominates, yet in-house systems persist where welfare traditions and nutrition education policies emphasise child health and learning. Centralised kitchens often reflect historical planning or socialist legacies, while mixed systems arise in decentralised governance contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Organisational diversity stems from the interaction of governance structures, policy priorities, and infrastructure, illustrating how Europe's school food systems balance economic efficiency with social and educational goals for children's wellbeing. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of school food provision models in Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond glyphosate: Is it feasible to counterbalance perverse incentives to profit from preventable disease? 超越草甘膦：是否有可能抵消从可预防疾病中获利的不正当动机？

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108513

Carolina Donat-Vargas , Laura N. Vandenberg , Juan Aguacil , Duk-Hee Lee , Miguel Angel Martínez-González , Kurt Straif , Miquel Porta

引用次数: 0

Combined effects of smoking and hormonal contraceptives in the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease – A weighted Cox analysis in a nested case-control study in Quebec, Canada 吸烟和激素避孕药对炎症性肠病发生的综合影响——加拿大魁北克一项巢式病例对照研究的加权Cox分析。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108511

Canisius Fantodji , Marie-Claude Rousseau , Belinda Nicolau , Sreenath Madathil , Andrea Benedetti , Prévost Jantchou

Objective

Hormonal contraceptives increase nicotine absorption. Their joint effect with smoking on inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. We assessed independent and joint associations of smoking and hormonal contraception with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Methods

In 2021, we conducted a nested case-control study with cumulative sampling of controls, in Quebec, Canada. Cases were identified with health services-based validated algorithms. Smoking, hormonal contraception, and covariates were self-reported. Time-dependent exposures were analyzed in 2024 using weighted Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and assess additive and multiplicative interactions.

Results

The study included 1718 women (591 controls, 790 Crohn's disease, 337 ulcerative colitis cases). Compared with non-smokers non-users of hormonal contraception, former smokers using hormonal contraceptives had increased Crohn's disease (HR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.51, 3.96) and ulcerative colitis risks (HR = 2.88; 95% CI: 1.65, 5.02). Current smokers using hormonal contraceptives had elevated risks of Crohn's disease (HR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.93, 3.56) but not ulcerative colitis (HR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.17). A negative additive interaction was observed for ulcerative colitis with no multiplicative interactions.

Conclusions

Smoking and hormonal contraception are independently associated with Crohn's disease, but not ulcerative colitis, with implications for inflammatory bowel disease risk assessment in women.

目的：激素避孕药增加尼古丁吸收。它们与吸烟对炎症性肠病的共同作用尚不清楚。我们评估了吸烟和激素避孕与克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎的独立和联合关联。方法：2021年，我们在加拿大魁北克省进行了一项巢式病例对照研究。使用基于卫生服务的经过验证的算法识别病例。吸烟、激素避孕和协变量均为自我报告。使用加权Cox模型分析2024年的时间依赖性暴露，以估计风险比（HR）和95%置信区间（95% CI），并评估加性和乘法相互作用。结果：该研究包括1718名妇女（591名对照组，790名克罗恩病患者，337名溃疡性结肠炎患者）。与未使用激素避孕药的非吸烟者相比，使用激素避孕药的前吸烟者克罗恩病（HR = 2.45;95% CI: 1.51, 3.96）和溃疡性结肠炎的风险增加（HR = 2.88;95% CI: 1.65,5.02）。目前使用激素避孕药的吸烟者患克罗恩病的风险增加（HR = 2.62;95% CI: 1.93, 3.56），但溃疡性结肠炎的风险没有增加（HR = 0.72;95% CI: 0.42, 1.17）。在溃疡性结肠炎中观察到负的加性相互作用，而没有乘法相互作用。结论：吸烟和激素避孕与克罗恩病独立相关，但与溃疡性结肠炎无关，这对女性炎症性肠病风险评估具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Major changes in cervical cancer screening in the US 美国宫颈癌筛查的主要变化。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108512

Keely K. Ulmer , Lisa F. Soltani , Ilana Addis , Alisa P. Young , Diane M Harper

引用次数: 0

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