Preventive medicine最新文献_第3页

A scoping review of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in U.S. firearm injury research 枪械伤害研究的理论和概念框架的范围审查。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108494

Esther Lee , Sarah M. Stilwell , Heather Murphy , Briana A. Scott , Melia Schliebe , Justin Heinze

Objectives

To synthesize theoretical and conceptual frameworks in firearm injury research, identify gaps across contexts, and inform applications for researchers and practitioners.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines, searching seven databases for United States-based studies (1999–2024) that applied theoretical or conceptual frameworks to firearm injury research. After piloting the extraction form, reviewers charted study characteristics, firearm injury context (community, mass shootings, police, suicide, partner/dating, school, or multiple contexts), theoretical or conceptual framework, and social ecological level. Data were summarized using descriptive counts.

Results

Among 213 studies, most were non-intervention (82%) and observational (84%), conducted in urban settings with predominantly male, non-White adolescents and young adults. Most studies applied criminological theories (Routine Activities, Social Disorganization), while only 22% applied conceptual models. Critical and equity-focused theories were absent despite demographic disparities. Few studies empirically test theories; only 21 developed or adapted frameworks. Significant gaps existed in online contexts, rural settings, and among children and older adults. Theoretical-methodological misalignment was evident.

Conclusions

Although theoretical frameworks are foundational to firearm research, current work remains variable across populations and contexts. Theory development must move beyond siloed approaches through transdisciplinary collaboration, empirical testing, and community co-creation to guide effective prevention strategies.

目的：综合枪支伤害研究的理论和概念框架，确定不同背景下的差距，并为研究人员和从业人员提供应用信息。方法：我们按照PRISMA指南进行了范围综述，检索了7个数据库，检索了1999-2024年在美国进行的将理论或概念框架应用于枪支伤害研究的研究。在试点提取形式之后，评论者绘制了研究特征、枪支伤害背景（社区、大规模枪击、警察、自杀、伴侣/约会、学校或多种背景）、理论或概念框架以及社会生态水平的图表。使用描述性计数对数据进行汇总。结果：在213项研究中，大多数是非干预性（82%）和观察性（84%），在城市环境中进行，主要是男性，非白人青少年和年轻人。大多数研究应用了犯罪学理论（常规活动、社会解体），而只有22%的研究应用了概念模型。尽管存在人口差异，但批判性和以公平为中心的理论却缺失。很少有研究对理论进行实证检验；只有21个开发或调整了框架。在网络环境、农村环境以及儿童和老年人中存在显著差距。理论与方法的偏差是显而易见的。结论：尽管理论框架是枪支研究的基础，但目前的工作在不同的人群和背景下仍然存在差异。理论发展必须超越孤立的方法，通过跨学科合作、实证检验和社区共同创造来指导有效的预防战略。

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引用次数: 0

Country-level gender inequality and sex disparities in adolescent chronic pain: A 47-country analysis 国家层面的性别不平等和青少年慢性疼痛的性别差异：一项47个国家的分析。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108495

Rui Li , Rui Huang , Kavin Srinakarin , Anna Zajacova , Zachary Zimmer , Tonya Palermo , Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk

Objective

To examine how country-level gender inequality relates to adolescent chronic pain prevalence and sex disparities.

Methods

We linked country-level Gender Inequality Index (GII) and lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women to 2017/18 Health Behavior in School-aged Children data from 244,097 adolescents ages 11–15 in 47 countries. Relative sex disparities in pain prevalence (female:male prevalence ratio [PR]) were examined with modified Poisson regression with country-cluster-robust standard errors; absolute disparities (prevalence difference [PD]) with multilevel linear probability models.

Results

Chronic pain prevalence ranged from 32.30% to 58.72% across countries (overall 44.32%; I² = 98.36%). Female–male PDs ranged from 0.29 to 18.26 percentage points (pooled 13.28; I² = 79.80%); PRs ranged from 1.01 to 1.69 (pooled 1.36; I² = 83.71%). Higher GII was associated with greater pain prevalence (PR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.19) yet smaller sex disparities, due to steeper increase in boys' pain prevalence as GII increases. Higher IPV prevalence, though unrelated to overall pain prevalence, was associated with larger female–male percentage-point differences (β = 1.28%, 95% CI: 0.16%, 2.39%).

Conclusions

Structural gender inequality shapes both the population burden of adolescent chronic pain and sex disparities, underscoring the relevance of structural context and the need for more research in lower-income countries.

目的：探讨国家层面的性别不平等与青少年慢性疼痛患病率和性别差异之间的关系。方法：我们将国家层面的性别不平等指数（GII）和针对女性的亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的终生患病率与2017/18学年学龄儿童健康行为数据联系起来，这些数据来自47个国家的244,097名11-15岁的青少年。用修正泊松回归检验疼痛患病率的相对性别差异（女性：男性患病率[PR]）。绝对差异（患病率差异[PD]）与多水平线性概率模型。结果：各国慢性疼痛患病率从32.30 %到58.72 %不等（总体44.32 %;I2 = 98.36 %）。女性男性的pd值从0.29到18.26个百分点不等（合计13.28;I2 = 79.80 %）；pr范围为1.01 ~ 1.69（合计1.36;I2 = 83.71 %）。较高的GII与较高的疼痛患病率相关（PR = 1.11,95 % CI: 1.04, 1.19），但性别差异较小，因为随着GII的增加，男孩的疼痛患病率急剧增加。较高的IPV患病率虽然与总体疼痛患病率无关，但与较大的男女百分比差异相关（β = 1.28 %,95 % CI: 0.16 %,2.39 %）。结论：结构性性别不平等既影响青少年慢性疼痛的人口负担，也影响性别差异，强调了结构性背景的相关性，以及在低收入国家开展更多研究的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Physical activity counseling for people living with HIV: A scoping review 艾滋病毒感染者的身体活动咨询：范围审查

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108493

Marcos Cezar Pitombo da Silva Junior , Yago Silva Mascarenhas , Enaiane Cristina Menezes , Luciana Costa Melo , Flávia Accioly Canuto Wanderley , Géssyca Cavalcante de Melo , Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima

Objective

To explore evidence on physical activity counseling for people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods

Searches covered earliest records in PubMed (1946), Embase (1947), Web of Science (1900), Scopus (1788), and LILACS (1982) up to August 31, 2024. Studies investigating physical activity counseling in healthcare settings were included. Extracted data comprised author, year, country, sample characteristics, study design, objectives, theoretical framework, type and intensity, frequency, duration, strategies, professionals involved, and outcomes.

Results

Sixteen studies were included, most in the United States (n = 8; 50 %), predominantly involving adults (n = 12; 75 %) and both sexes (n = 12; 75 %), with a sample of 1458 participants. Motivational interviewing was the most frequent theoretical (n = 6; 37.5 %). Walking was the most counseled (n = 6; 37.5 %), usually recommended weekly (n = 9; 56.3 %), with sessions ranging from 15 to 90 min. Counseling intensity varied across light, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. More than half of the studies (n = 11; 68.8 %) reported increases in physical activity levels.

Conclusions

Counseling shows potential to promote active lifestyles among PLHIV, particularly when based on behavioral theories, though challenges remain regarding the description of strategies and adaptation to this population.

目的探讨艾滋病病毒感染者（PLHIV）身体活动咨询的证据。方法检索PubMed（1946）、Embase（1947）、Web of Science（1900）、Scopus（1788）和LILACS（1982）数据库中截至2024年8月31日的最早记录。研究调查了医疗机构的体育活动咨询。提取的数据包括作者、年份、国家、样本特征、研究设计、目标、理论框架、类型和强度、频率、持续时间、策略、涉及的专业人员和结果。结果纳入了16项研究，其中大多数在美国（n = 8; 50%），主要涉及成年人（n = 12; 75%）和两性（n = 12; 75%），共有1458名参与者。动机性访谈是最常见的理论访谈（n = 6; 37.5%）。步行是建议最多的（n = 6; 37.5%），通常建议每周（n = 9; 56.3%），每次15 - 90分钟。咨询强度在轻度、中度和中度至剧烈的体育活动中有所不同。超过一半的研究（n = 11; 68.8%）报告了身体活动水平的增加。结论：咨询显示了在PLHIV人群中促进积极生活方式的潜力，特别是当基于行为理论时，尽管在策略描述和适应这一人群方面仍然存在挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Association between adolescent overweight and adult mortality risk: A systematic review 青少年超重与成人死亡风险之间的关系：一项系统综述

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108492

Barbara Cristina Cruz Aguiar , Tatiana Rehder Gonçalves , Tatiana Henriques Leite , Luana Senna Blaudt , Lorrayne Santiago Machado de Barros , Laís Silva de Oliveira , Laylla Ribeiro Macedo , Amanda de Moura Souza

Objective

This systematic review examined the association between adolescent overweight and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adulthood.

Methods

We searched for studies published between 2014 and 2024 that included adults (aged 20 years or older) who had been classified as having overweight and/or obesity during adolescence (aged 10 to 19 years). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, BVS/LILACS, and SciELO were searched between April and May 2024. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessments.

Results

Eighteen of the 1256 records screened met the eligibility criteria. All studies used a cohort design, and most of them were conducted in high-income countries, with a median follow-up of 30 years. A consistent positive association was found between adolescent obesity and increased all-cause mortality in adulthood, particularly related to cardiovascular diseases. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality ranged from 1.3 to 2.7, with higher risks observed among adolescents with severe obesity. Most studies (70 %) were classified as having high methodological quality, reflecting strong methodological rigor and a low risk of bias. Heterogeneity among studies precluded a meta-analysis.

Conclusions

Since adolescent obesity is a strong predictor of premature adult mortality, early prevention and intervention strategies in this age group may help reduce long-term mortality risk.

目的：本系统综述探讨了青少年超重与成年期全因和特定原因死亡率之间的关系。方法：我们检索了2014年至2024年间发表的研究，其中包括在青春期（10至19岁）被归类为超重和/或肥胖的成年人（20岁或以上）。PubMed、Embase、Scopus、BVS/LILACS和SciELO在2024年4 - 5月间进行了检索。两名审稿人独立进行研究选择、数据提取和偏倚风险评估。结果1256条记录中有18条符合入选条件。所有研究均采用队列设计，其中大多数在高收入国家进行，中位随访时间为30年。青少年肥胖与成年后全因死亡率增加，特别是与心血管疾病相关的死亡率之间存在一致的正相关关系。全因死亡率的危险比从1.3到2.7不等，在严重肥胖的青少年中观察到更高的风险。大多数研究（70%）被归类为具有高方法学质量，反映了强大的方法学严谨性和低偏倚风险。研究间的异质性妨碍了meta分析。结论：由于青少年肥胖是成人过早死亡的重要预测因素，因此在这一年龄组采取早期预防和干预策略可能有助于降低长期死亡风险。

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引用次数: 0

Geographic clusters of human papillomavirus-associated cancer incidence in the US, 2008–2022 2008-2022年美国人乳头瘤病毒相关癌症发病率的地理聚类

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108491

Todd Burus , Krystle A. Lang Kuhs , Ashish A. Deshmukh , Haluk Damgacioglu

Objective

Despite known state and regional differences, United States (US) county-level patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer incidence remain unexplored.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed US county-level HPV-associated cancer incidence rates from 2008 to 2022 using the US Cancer Statistics Incidence Analytic Database to identify geographic clusters of high and low incidence. Clusters were identified using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and assessed for differences in cluster-level sociodemographic characteristics and sex-and-site-specific incidence.

Results

We found 373 hot spot and 409 cold spot counties, with median incidence rates of 16.14 and 10.62 per 100,000, respectively. Hot spot counties were particularly concentrated in Central Appalachia, the northern portion of the Mississippi Delta, and northern Florida. Compared to cold spots, hot spot counties were more rural (median, 72.02 % vs. 42.09 %) and had higher poverty (median, 17.71 % vs 10.51 %). The largest disparities between cluster-level incidence rates were observed in oropharyngeal and vulvar cancers, with rates over 60 % higher in hot spot counties than cold spot counties.

Conclusion

Our study identified distinct geographic clusters with disproportionately high HPV-associated cancer incidence. These findings highlight areas where intensified prevention and control efforts, including direct vaccination, screening, and outreach efforts, are needed to eliminate HPV-related cancer disparities.

目的：尽管已知的州和地区差异，美国（US）人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）相关癌症发病率的县级模式仍未被探索。方法：在这项横断面研究中，我们使用美国癌症统计发病率分析数据库分析了2008年至2022年美国县级hpv相关癌症发病率，以确定高发病率和低发病率的地理集群。使用Getis-Ord Gi*统计来确定聚类，并评估聚类水平社会人口学特征以及性别和地点特异性发病率的差异。结果：发现热点县373个，冷区县409个，中位发病率分别为16.14 / 10万和10.62 / 10万。热点县特别集中在阿巴拉契亚中部、密西西比三角洲北部和佛罗里达州北部。与寒区相比，热点县更加农村化（中位数为72.02 %对42.09 %），贫困率更高（中位数为17.71 %对10.51 %）。群级发病率差异最大的是口咽癌和外阴癌，热点县的发病率比冷点县高60% %以上。结论：我们的研究确定了hpv相关癌症发病率不成比例高的不同地理集群。这些发现突出了需要加强预防和控制工作的领域，包括直接接种疫苗、筛查和外展工作，以消除hpv相关癌症的差异。

{"title":"Geographic clusters of human papillomavirus-associated cancer incidence in the US, 2008–2022","authors":"Todd Burus , Krystle A. Lang Kuhs , Ashish A. Deshmukh , Haluk Damgacioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Despite known state and regional differences, United States (US) county-level patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer incidence remain unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed US county-level HPV-associated cancer incidence rates from 2008 to 2022 using the US Cancer Statistics Incidence Analytic Database to identify geographic clusters of high and low incidence. Clusters were identified using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and assessed for differences in cluster-level sociodemographic characteristics and sex-and-site-specific incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found 373 hot spot and 409 cold spot counties, with median incidence rates of 16.14 and 10.62 per 100,000, respectively. Hot spot counties were particularly concentrated in Central Appalachia, the northern portion of the Mississippi Delta, and northern Florida. Compared to cold spots, hot spot counties were more rural (median, 72.02 % vs. 42.09 %) and had higher poverty (median, 17.71 % vs 10.51 %). The largest disparities between cluster-level incidence rates were observed in oropharyngeal and vulvar cancers, with rates over 60 % higher in hot spot counties than cold spot counties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study identified distinct geographic clusters with disproportionately high HPV-associated cancer incidence. These findings highlight areas where intensified prevention and control efforts, including direct vaccination, screening, and outreach efforts, are needed to eliminate HPV-related cancer disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145857489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimated projection of cancer mortality in Taiwan until 2050 台湾至2050年癌症死亡率预测。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108490

Shih-Yung Su

Objectives

This study projected mortality trends through 2050 for 17 cancers in Taiwan by using mortality data from 1996 to 2023.

Methods

The synthesized age-period-cohort prediction method is used for projection.

Results

Among men, mortality from oral, prostate, and kidney cancers would increase by 2050. Esophageal and brain cancers follow a U-shaped trend. Mortality from most other cancers would decline. Lung (18.54 % of all cancer deaths), prostate (17.25 %), oral (15.10 %), colorectal (11.11 %), and liver (9.07 %) cancers would become leading causes of cancer death in men by 2050, accounting for 71.08 % of all cancer deaths. Mortality from bladder and kidney cancers would slightly increase. Among women, mortality from ovarian cancer would increase steadily. Pancreatic, breast, cervical, endometrial, bladder, and brain cancers would follow a U-shaped trend. Mortality from other cancers would decline. Lung (13.63 %), breast (13.06 %), bladder (12.90 %), colorectal (12.81 %), and pancreatic (11.24 %) cancers would become leading causes of cancer death in women by 2050, accounting for 63.65 % of all cancer deaths. Mortality from ovarian cancer would increase from 3.57 % to 5.42 % (from 2023 to 2050).

Conclusions

Kidney, prostate, pancreatic, endometrial, ovarian, and bladder cancers are projected to surpass their observation in past and may become new threat in future.

目的：本研究利用1996年至2023年的死亡率数据，预测台湾17种癌症到2050年的死亡率趋势。方法：采用年龄-时期-队列综合预测法进行预测。结果：在男性中，口腔癌、前列腺癌和肾癌的死亡率到2050年将增加。食管癌和脑癌呈u型趋势。大多数其他癌症的死亡率将会下降。到2050年，肺癌（占所有癌症死亡人数的18.54%）、前列腺癌（17.25%）、口腔癌（15.10%）、结直肠癌（11.11%）和肝癌（9.07%）将成为男性癌症死亡的主要原因，占所有癌症死亡人数的71.08%。膀胱癌和肾癌的死亡率会略有上升。在妇女中，卵巢癌的死亡率将稳步上升。胰腺癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、膀胱癌和脑癌呈u型趋势。其他癌症的死亡率也会下降。到2050年，肺癌（13.63%）、乳腺癌（13.06%）、膀胱癌（12.90%）、结直肠癌（12.81%）和胰腺癌（11.24%）将成为女性癌症死亡的主要原因，占所有癌症死亡人数的63.65%。卵巢癌死亡率将从3.57%增加到5.42%（从2023年到2050年）。结论：肾癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌和膀胱癌的发病率预计将超过以往，并可能成为未来的新威胁。

{"title":"Estimated projection of cancer mortality in Taiwan until 2050","authors":"Shih-Yung Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study projected mortality trends through 2050 for 17 cancers in Taiwan by using mortality data from 1996 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The synthesized age-period-cohort prediction method is used for projection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among men, mortality from oral, prostate, and kidney cancers would increase by 2050. Esophageal and brain cancers follow a U-shaped trend. Mortality from most other cancers would decline. Lung (18.54 % of all cancer deaths), prostate (17.25 %), oral (15.10 %), colorectal (11.11 %), and liver (9.07 %) cancers would become leading causes of cancer death in men by 2050, accounting for 71.08 % of all cancer deaths. Mortality from bladder and kidney cancers would slightly increase. Among women, mortality from ovarian cancer would increase steadily. Pancreatic, breast, cervical, endometrial, bladder, and brain cancers would follow a U-shaped trend. Mortality from other cancers would decline. Lung (13.63 %), breast (13.06 %), bladder (12.90 %), colorectal (12.81 %), and pancreatic (11.24 %) cancers would become leading causes of cancer death in women by 2050, accounting for 63.65 % of all cancer deaths. Mortality from ovarian cancer would increase from 3.57 % to 5.42 % (from 2023 to 2050).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Kidney, prostate, pancreatic, endometrial, ovarian, and bladder cancers are projected to surpass their observation in past and may become new threat in future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of interventions for increasing lung cancer screening uptake: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials 增加肺癌筛查的干预措施的有效性：随机临床试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108489

Wenjuan Tao , Xiumei Tang , Xuefeng Jiao , Ambreen Sayani , Junqiang Zhao , Weimin Li , Xiaolin Wei

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for increasing lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake and to identify factors influencing their implementation.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from January 2010 to November 2025. Included studies were randomized controlled trials involving high-risk adults eligible for LCS with low-dose computed tomography, evaluating interventions to improve screening uptake as a primary or secondary outcome.

Results

Eleven trials were included, primarily from the United States (N = 9). Interventions were categorized as patient navigation, decision aids, educational video/film, targeted invitation/outreach, and multi-component intervention. Overall, interventions showed a modest but significant effect on LCS uptake (RR = 1.34; 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.76). The multi-component intervention (RR = 2.11; 95 % CI: 1.21, 3.68) demonstrated significant effects, while patient navigation showed potential (RR = 2.18; 95 % CI: 0.53, 9.08). Innovation and inner setting were identified as potentially important factors influencing intervention implementation.

Conclusions

Interventions modestly increased LCS uptake, with multi-component intervention and patient navigation showing the most promising effects. Future research should prioritize multicomponent strategies that address the entire screening continuum, equity-focused designs for priority populations, and trials in diverse international settings.

目的：本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估增加肺癌筛查（LCS）摄取的干预措施的有效性，并确定影响其实施的因素。方法：检索2010年1月至2025年11月的MEDLINE、CINAHL、EMBASE、Cochrane Library和Web of Science。纳入的研究是随机对照试验，涉及符合LCS条件的高风险成人，采用低剂量计算机断层扫描，评估干预措施以提高筛查吸收作为主要或次要结果。结果：纳入了11项试验，主要来自美国（N = 9）。干预措施分为患者导航、辅助决策、教育视频/电影、有针对性的邀请/外展和多组分干预。总体而言，干预措施对LCS的摄取显示出适度但显著的影响（RR = 1.34;95% % CI: 1.02, 1.76）。多组分干预（RR = 2.11;95 % CI: 1.21, 3.68）显示出显著效果，而患者导航显示出潜力（RR = 2.18;95 % CI: 0.53, 9.08）。创新和内部环境被认为是影响干预实施的潜在重要因素。结论：干预适度增加了LCS的摄取，其中多组分干预和患者导航显示出最有希望的效果。未来的研究应优先考虑解决整个筛查连续体的多组分策略，优先人群的公平设计，以及在不同国际环境中的试验。

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引用次数: 0

Contributions of life-course circumstances to the cognitive function in later life: A retrospective study among Chinese older adults 生命历程环境对晚年认知功能的影响：一项中国老年人的回顾性研究。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108488

Xin Ye , Xinfeng Wang

Objective

Cognitive deterioration in older age could stem from a variety of factors during an individual's lifetime. This study aims to investigate contributions of life-course circumstances to cognitive function of Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above.

Methods

We used data on 12,394 older adults from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011–2020. Fixed-effects multivariable linear regressions accounted for repeated measures and within-person characteristics. Nested sequential regression models decomposed cognitive function, estimating relative contributions of distinct life-course domains. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition quantified group differences in cognitive performance, while heterogeneity analysis was conducted by gender, age, and residence.

Results

Early-life factors directly accounted for 28.36 % of cognitive function. For cumulative associations, the marginal association of early-life factors with cognitive function, episodic memory, and executive function generally became larger. Adulthood socioeconomic status accounted for the largest proportion (36.05 %) of cognitive function. Differences in cognitive performance were observed between males/females, pre-old/older population, and people residing in urban/rural areas.

Conclusions

Unfavorable life-course factors appeared to be associated with lower late-life cognitive function. These associations were exacerbated by cumulative socioeconomic inequalities. The results will offer insights for policy initiatives designed to reduce health inequities by focusing on multiple exposures throughout an individual's lifespan.

目的：老年人的认知衰退可能源于个体一生中的多种因素。本研究旨在探讨生命历程环境对中国60岁 及以上老年人认知功能的影响。方法：我们使用了来自2011-2020年中国健康与退休纵向研究的12394名老年人的数据。固定效应多变量线性回归解释了重复测量和个人特征。嵌套顺序回归模型分解认知功能，估计不同生命过程域的相对贡献。Blinder-Oaxaca分解量化了认知表现的组间差异，并进行了性别、年龄和居住地的异质性分析。结果：早期生活因素直接影响认知功能28.36% %。对于累积关联，早期生活因素与认知功能、情景记忆和执行功能的边际关联通常变得更大。成人社会经济地位对认知功能的影响最大（36.05 %）。认知表现在男性/女性、老年前/老年人口、城市/农村人口之间存在差异。结论：不利的生命过程因素似乎与晚年认知功能降低有关。累积的社会经济不平等加剧了这些关联。研究结果将为旨在通过关注个人一生中的多重暴露来减少健康不平等的政策举措提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Characteristics associated with device type used among middle school and high school students who currently used E-cigarettes in the U.S., 2023. 目前在美国使用电子烟的初中和高中学生中使用的设备类型相关特征，2023年。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108487

Hannah Cowan, Stacie May, Eunice Park-Lee, Michael D Sawdey

The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal.

目的：2023年，电子烟是美国中学生中最常用的烟草产品，大多数人报告使用一次性设备。这项研究评估了目前使用电子烟的青少年与设备类型使用相关的特征。方法：使用来自2023年全国青少年烟草调查的数据来描述和比较目前（过去30天）使用电子烟的青少年中，按设备类型组（一次性与非一次性[豆荚、药筒、油罐、mod]）选择的人口统计学特征、电子烟使用模式和其他烟草使用情况。计算调整后的患病率，以评估器械类型与不同特征之间的关联。结果：在目前使用电子烟的青少年中，与非一次性用户相比，更多的一次性用户报告使用任何甜味（82.1% %对66.3% %），而更少的报告使用任何薄荷味（18.7% %对36.1% %）或任何烟草味/无味产品（11.0 %对19.3 %）。在调整了相关变量后，使用甜味口味（调整后的PR [aPR]:1.30, 95 %CI: 1.08, 1.56）、其他口味（aPR:1.17, 95 %CI: 1.04, 1.33）或自己购买电子烟（aPR:1.13, 95 %CI: 1.01, 1.25）的青少年使用一次性电子烟的比例高于非一次性电子烟，而使用薄荷口味（aPR:0.77, 95 %CI: 0.59, 1.00）、烟草味/无味产品（aPR:0.86, 95 %CI: 0.86, 95 %CI: 1.00）的青少年使用一次性电子烟的比例高于非一次性电子烟。0.75, 1.00)，或者从朋友那里获得电子烟的人（aPR:0.85, 95 %CI: 0.76, 0.97）使用一次性电子烟的比例较低。结论：本研究发现，一次性和非一次性电子烟使用者在报告的口味类型和获取电子烟的途径上存在差异。这些结果突出了一次性电子烟在年轻人中的吸引力和可及性，尤其是那些甜味的电子烟。

引用次数: 0

Nutritional awareness, dietary choices, and weight status 营养意识，饮食选择和体重状况

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108486

Brandon J. Restrepo

Objective

To examine the associations between regular nutritional awareness and dietary choices and weight status among U.S. adults, while accounting for unobserved household- or individual-level factors that are fixed over time.

Methods

Using 2009–2011 and 2015 data on U.S. adults from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed-effects (FE) models controlling for time-constant household- or individual-level unobserved heterogeneity were used to assess the relationships between regular nutritional awareness and dietary behaviors and weight status.

Results

Pooled OLS estimations showed statistically significant associations between regular nutritional awareness and dietary choices and weight status. Individual FE estimations attenuated these associations, making the association with weight status insignificant, but still significant for certain dietary behaviors. Controlling for permanent individual-level unobserved factors, U.S. adults with regular nutritional awareness ate less at fast-food restaurants, skipped fewer meals, drank fewer sugary beverages, controlled calories more often, and ate more fruits and vegetables.

Conclusions

Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity, such as stable food preferences and tastes, is important when evaluating the complex nexus of nutritional awareness, dietary choices, and weight status. Policies and programs promoting nutritional awareness among U.S. adults may improve certain dietary behaviors, though broader approaches may be needed to improve weight status.

目的研究美国成年人定期营养意识、饮食选择和体重状况之间的关系，同时考虑到未观察到的家庭或个人水平的因素，这些因素随着时间的推移是固定的。方法利用1997年全国青年纵向调查2009-2011年和2015年美国成年人的数据，采用合并普通最小二乘（OLS）和固定效应（FE）模型来评估常规营养意识与饮食行为和体重状况之间的关系，这些模型控制了时间常数家庭或个人水平的未观察到的异质性。结果OLS估计结果显示，常规营养意识、饮食选择和体重状况之间存在显著的统计学关联。个体FE估计减弱了这些关联，使得与体重状况的关联不显著，但对于某些饮食行为仍然显著。控制了长期的个人层面未观察到的因素，有规律营养意识的美国成年人在快餐店吃得少，少吃饭，少喝含糖饮料，经常控制卡路里，多吃水果和蔬菜。在评估营养意识、饮食选择和体重状况之间的复杂关系时，考虑未观察到的异质性（如稳定的食物偏好和口味）是很重要的。促进美国成年人营养意识的政策和项目可能会改善某些饮食行为，尽管可能需要更广泛的方法来改善体重状况。

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