Preventive medicine最新文献_第3页

Breastfeeding patterns during the 2022 United States infant formula shortage and projected infant healthcare costs 2022年美国婴儿配方奶粉短缺期间的母乳喂养模式和预计的婴儿医疗保健费用。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108503

Luis Seoane Estruel , Tatiana Andreyeva

Objective

Suboptimal breastfeeding in the U.S. carries substantial health and economic costs and is marked by persistent disparities. The 2022 formula shortage coincided with disruptions in infant feeding practices. This study documents changes in breastfeeding during the shortage period and projects associated infant illness and healthcare costs.

Methods

Using 2017–2022 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data, we applied Bayesian structural time-series models to estimate deviations in breastfeeding initiation and duration during the shortage period relative to prior trends. We then used Monte Carlo simulation to project infant illness and healthcare costs.

Results

During the 2022 formula shortage, breastfeeding for at least four months was higher by 3.43 percentage points (95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.11, 5.74). Breastfeeding at one, two, and three months postpartum was 2.49 to 3.55 percentage points higher, and initiation was higher by 1.54 percentage points (95% CrI: 0.46, 2.59). Estimates varied across sociodemographic groups and were larger among less advantaged mothers, corresponding with smaller observed breastfeeding disparities. The simulation projects annual healthcare costs approximately $420 million lower.

Conclusions

During the formula shortage groups with historically lower breastfeeding rates exhibited higher breastfeeding levels, highlighting the relevance of breastfeeding trends for discussions of infant disease and healthcare costs.

目的：在美国，次优母乳喂养带来了巨大的健康和经济成本，并以持续的差距为标志。2022年的配方奶粉短缺与婴儿喂养方式的中断同时发生。这项研究记录了短缺时期母乳喂养的变化，并对与婴儿疾病和保健费用相关的项目进行了研究。方法：利用2017-2022年妊娠风险评估监测系统数据，应用贝叶斯结构时间序列模型估计母乳喂养不足期母乳喂养开始和持续时间相对于前期趋势的偏差。然后，我们使用蒙特卡罗模拟来预测婴儿疾病和医疗保健成本。结果：在2022年配方奶粉短缺期间，至少4个月母乳喂养高3.43个百分点（95%可信区间[CrI]: 1.11, 5.74）。产后1个月、2个月和3个月母乳喂养的年龄点高出2.49 ~ 3.55%，开始母乳喂养的年龄点高出1.54个百分点（95% CrI: 0.46, 2.59）。估算值在不同的社会人口群体中有所不同，在条件较差的母亲中更大，与观察到的母乳喂养差异较小相对应。该模拟项目每年的医疗保健费用降低了约4.2亿美元。结论：在配方奶粉短缺的群体中，母乳喂养率历史上较低的群体表现出更高的母乳喂养水平，突出了母乳喂养趋势与婴儿疾病和医疗保健费用讨论的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Risk factors for running-related injuries among Chinese Marathon runners: A cross-sectional study 中国马拉松运动员跑步损伤的危险因素：一项横断面研究。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108510

Xiangxin Li , Yan Chen , Xueyuan Zhao , Wei Wen , Jingyi Zhang , Junqiang Qiu

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of running-related injuries (RRIs) among Chinese marathon runners.

Methods

A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in China from January to December 2024, with 5668 marathon runners participating in full or half marathons. Data on demographics, training characteristics, and RRIs in the past six months were collected through validated questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of RRIs.

Results

The overall incidence of RRIs was 46.5%, with a higher prevalence in males compared to females (p < 0.01). The most frequently affected areas were the knee (29.6%), the toe (22.9%), and the ankle (19.4%).Multivariable analysis showed that increasing age (OR = 0.98), longer running experience (≥7 years: OR = 0.71), and lower training levels (Public L1: OR = 0.74, Public L2: OR = 0.66, Unclassified: OR = 0.53) were protective factors. Higher body mass index (BMI) (24 ≤ BMI < 28: OR = 1.49; ≥28: OR = 1.67) and elite-level training were associated with increased injury risk.

Conclusion

This study highlights a high burden of RRIs among Chinese marathon runners, with key modifiable risk factors including BMI and training intensity, while age and running experience offer protective effects.

目的：调查我国马拉松运动员跑步相关损伤的发生率及危险因素。方法：于2024年1 - 12月在全国范围内对5668名参加全程或半程马拉松的马拉松运动员进行横断面调查。通过有效的问卷调查收集了过去六个月的人口统计、培训特征和RRIs数据。采用Logistic回归来确定风险风险的预测因素。结果：RRIs的总发病率为46.5%，男性高于女性（p ）结论：本研究表明，中国马拉松运动员的RRIs负担较高，主要可改变的危险因素包括BMI和训练强度，而年龄和跑步经验具有保护作用。

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引用次数: 0

Public responses to risk communication during the 2025 Chikungunya outbreak in China: Implications for future epidemic preparedness 2025年中国基孔肯雅热暴发期间公众对风险沟通的反应：对未来流行病防范的影响

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108507

Xiaomin Wang , Ran Zhang , Yirui Wang , Xudong Zhou

Objective

To examine associations between exposure to risk communication, risk perception, and critical health literacy, and their associations with public preparedness and preventive behaviors during the Chikungunya epidemic in China.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey in August 2025 among 1102 residents across three Chinese provinces, stratified by epidemiological risk. Among participants aware of the outbreak (n = 761), multivariable logistic regression models assessed associations between risk communication, risk perception, critical health literacy, and preventive behaviors, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

Among participants, 69.06% reported awareness of Chikungunya. Higher exposure to risk communication was associated with increased adoption of all preparedness and preventive behaviors (aORs 1.31–1.50). Perceived environmental risk was associated with using mosquito nets [aOR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.14, 1.64)], screening windows [aOR = 1.45, 95%CI (1.18, 1.78)], and purchasing medications, including paracetamol, antibiotics, and antivirals (aORs up to 1.73). Higher critical health literacy was associated with reduced likelihood of purchasing inappropriate medications, specifically antibiotics [aOR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.56, 0.92)] and antivirals [aOR = 0.58, 95% CI (0.45, 0.75)].

Conclusions

Governmental risk communication and critical health literacy were strongly associated with public preventive behaviors. Findings suggest interventions to improve critical health literacy and risk communication could enhance preparedness and safer practices in future epidemics.

目的：探讨中国基孔肯雅热流行期间暴露风险沟通、风险认知和关键健康素养之间的关系，以及它们与公众准备和预防行为的关系。方法：我们于2025年8月对中国三个省份的1102名居民进行了横断面调查，按流行病学风险分层。在了解疫情的参与者中（n = 761），多变量logistic回归模型评估了风险沟通、风险感知、关键健康素养和预防行为之间的关联，并根据社会人口统计学特征进行了调整。结果：69.06%的参与者报告了基孔肯雅热的知晓率。风险沟通的增加与所有准备和预防行为的采用增加相关（aORs 1.31-1.50）。感知到的环境风险与使用蚊帐[aOR = 1.37,95%CI(1.14, 1.64)]、纱窗[aOR = 1.45,95%CI(1.18, 1.78)]和购买药物（aOR高达1.73）相关。较高的关键健康素养与购买不适当药物的可能性降低相关，特别是抗生素[aOR = 0.72,95% CI(0.56, 0.92)]和抗病毒药物[aOR = 0.58,95% CI(0.45, 0.75)]。结论：政府风险沟通和关键健康素养与公众预防行为密切相关。研究结果表明，改善关键卫生知识和风险沟通的干预措施可以加强对未来流行病的防范和更安全的做法。

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引用次数: 0

An equity audit on intervention effects of a cardiometabolic risk reduction program for women with a history of gestational diabetes in Victoria, Australia 对澳大利亚维多利亚州有妊娠糖尿病史的妇女心脏代谢风险降低项目干预效果的公平审计。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108509

Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke , Jacqueline A. Boyle , Rajshree Thapa , Jenna Van Der-Velden , Carli Leishman , Christopher Gilfillan , Ahmed Reja , Siew Lim

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of the Life! program—a prevention initiative for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke—on behavioural and anthropometric outcomes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, across diverse sociodemographic backgrounds.

Methods

This study analysed the data collected from women who participated in the Life! program in Victoria, Australia from 2014 to 2022. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to assess the associations of socioeconomic status, place of residence, employment status and country of birth with behavioural and anthropometric outcomes six months after enrolment.

Results

There were significant improvements in anthropometric and behavioural outcomes. Women with low income were least likely to improve fat (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.83) and fibre (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.91) intakes compared to women with middle income. Being 40 to 59 years old was associated with a greater improvement in fat intake compared with being under 30 years (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.80).

Conclusion

While the Life program is effective in reducing risks in women with a history of gestational diabetes, less dietary improvements were seen in those with lower incomes or younger, which needs to be addressed to reduce disparities in type 2 diabetes prevalence.

目的：探讨Life！项目-预防2型糖尿病、心脏病和中风的倡议-在不同社会人口背景下有妊娠糖尿病史的妇女的行为和人体测量结果方法：本研究分析了参与Life！2014年至2022年在澳大利亚维多利亚州学习。采用Logistic回归分析来评估社会经济地位、居住地、就业状况和出生国家与入组6个月后行为和人体测量结果的关系。结果：在人体测量和行为方面有显著改善。与中等收入女性相比，低收入女性最不可能改善脂肪（AOR = 0.64,95% CI: 0.50, 0.83）和纤维（AOR = 0.70,95% CI: 0.54, 0.91）摄入。40 - 59岁 与30岁以下 相比，脂肪摄入量的改善更大（AOR = 1.72,95% CI: 1.06, 2.80）。结论：Life项目在降低有妊娠糖尿病史的妇女的风险方面是有效的，但在收入较低或较年轻的妇女中，饮食改善较少，这需要解决，以减少2型糖尿病患病率的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Increasing use of cannabis edibles in response to recreational cannabis legalization in the United States 随着美国娱乐性大麻合法化，大麻食品的使用越来越多。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108508

Summer Sherburne Hawkins , Christopher E. Baidoo , Rebekah Levine Coley , Ryan S. Centanni , Christopher F. Baum

Objective

To evaluate the associations between recreational cannabis legalization in the United States and primary mode of cannabis use (smoking, eating/drinking, vaporizing/dabbing) overall and across groups.

Methods

We linked data on 69,109 adults reporting past month cannabis use from 37 states in the 2017–2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with recreational cannabis legalization and retail sales. Using multinomial logit regression models, we examined the associations between legalization and primary mode of cannabis use overall and by demographic and higher-risk strata, with demographic and policy controls and state and year fixed effects.

Results

Among cannabis users, smoking declined but remained the most prevalent mode of cannabis use in 2023 (62.7%), followed by eating/drinking (21.5%), and vaporizing/dabbing (15.8%). Compared to smoking and vaping/dabbing cannabis, the likelihood of eating/drinking cannabis increased by 35% (adjusted relative risk ratio 1.35; 95% CI 1.20, 1.52) and 33% (1.33; 1.14, 1.55), respectively, post-legalization. Similar patterns emerged in response to retail sales. There was evidence of larger increases in eating/drinking cannabis among males than females post-legalization, and among middle-aged and older adults than younger adults after retail store openings.

Conclusion

Recreational cannabis legalization and retail sales led to more frequent use of cannabis in edible and drinkable forms.

目的：评估美国娱乐性大麻合法化与大麻主要使用方式（吸烟、吃/喝、汽化/轻吸）之间的关系。方法：我们将2017-2023年行为风险因素监测系统中来自37个州的69109名成年人报告的上个月大麻使用数据与休闲大麻合法化和零售销售联系起来。使用多项逻辑回归模型，我们研究了总体上、人口统计学和高风险阶层的大麻合法化与主要使用方式之间的关系，以及人口统计学和政策控制以及州和年份固定的影响。结果：在大麻使用者中，吸烟有所下降，但在2023年仍是最普遍的大麻使用方式（62.7%），其次是吃/喝（21.5%）和蒸发/轻吸（15.8%）。与吸烟和吸/吸大麻相比，大麻合法化后，吃/喝大麻的可能性分别增加了35%（调整后的相对风险比1.35;95% CI 1.20, 1.52）和33%（1.33;1.14,1.55）。零售业也出现了类似的模式。有证据表明，大麻合法化后，男性吃/喝大麻的人数比女性多，零售商店开业后，中年和老年人吃/喝大麻的人数比年轻人多。结论：娱乐性大麻合法化和零售销售导致食用和饮用形式的大麻使用更加频繁。

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引用次数: 0

The dual risk profile of site-specific cancers in vitiligo: A systematic review and meta-analysis 白癜风部位特异性癌症的双重风险概况：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108504

Yanbin Chen , Yongyi Xie , Nanhui Wu , Ruoqi Wang , Suwei Tang , Mingyuan Xu , Xin Ma , Yeqiang Liu

Objectives

Site-specific cancer risks in vitiligo patients remain inconsistent, with paradoxical evidence for individual malignancies and no synthesis.

Methods

Systematic searches in PubMed (1996–February 2025), Embase (1947–February 2025), Web of Science (1997–February 2025), Cochrane Library (1996–February 2025) (pre-inception retroactively indexed studies, January 1900–February 2025); 13 included in our meta-analysis. Stata 18.0 computed pooled RRs (95% CIs); heterogeneity assessed via publication bias, subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

Results

The study incorporated thirteen studies. It is evident that there is a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of vitiligo and an elevated risk of developing thyroid cancer (RR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.19, 2.12]). Conversely, a significant reduction in risk was observed for overall cancer (RR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.66, 0.90]), cancers of the respiratory system (RR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.66, 0.84]), digestive system (RR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.63, 0.87]), and skin cancers (RR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.36, 0.93]).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a dual cancer risk profile in vitiligo: increased risk for thyroid cancer, but decreased risk for overall cancer, internal malignancies (respiratory and digestive systems) and skin cancers. These findings suggest the potential need for customized cancer surveillance strategies and investigation into preventive interventions.

白癜风患者的特异性癌症风险仍然不一致，个别恶性肿瘤的证据相互矛盾，没有综合。方法系统检索PubMed（1996 - 2025年2月）、Embase（1947 - 2025年2月）、Web of Science（1997 - 2025年2月）、Cochrane Library（1996 - 2025年2月）（1900年1月- 2025年2月）（成立前追溯索引研究）；13例纳入meta分析。Stata计算合并危险度为18.0 (95% ci)；通过发表偏倚、亚组和敏感性分析评估异质性。结果本研究纳入13项研究。可见，白癜风的发生与甲状腺癌发病风险升高之间存在显著的统计学相关性（RR = 1.59, 95% CI[1.19, 2.12]）。相反，总体癌症（RR = 0.77, 95% CI[0.66, 0.90]）、呼吸系统癌症（RR = 0.75, 95% CI[0.66, 0.84]）、消化系统癌症（RR = 0.74, 95% CI[0.63, 0.87]）和皮肤癌（RR = 0.58, 95% CI[0.36, 0.93]）的风险显著降低。结论：该研究表明白癜风具有双重癌症风险：甲状腺癌风险增加，但整体癌症、内部恶性肿瘤（呼吸系统和消化系统）和皮肤癌风险降低。这些发现表明，可能需要定制癌症监测策略和调查预防干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

A scoping review of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in U.S. firearm injury research 枪械伤害研究的理论和概念框架的范围审查。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108494

Esther Lee , Sarah M. Stilwell , Heather Murphy , Briana A. Scott , Melia Schliebe , Justin Heinze

Objectives

To synthesize theoretical and conceptual frameworks in firearm injury research, identify gaps across contexts, and inform applications for researchers and practitioners.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines, searching seven databases for United States-based studies (1999–2024) that applied theoretical or conceptual frameworks to firearm injury research. After piloting the extraction form, reviewers charted study characteristics, firearm injury context (community, mass shootings, police, suicide, partner/dating, school, or multiple contexts), theoretical or conceptual framework, and social ecological level. Data were summarized using descriptive counts.

Results

Among 213 studies, most were non-intervention (82%) and observational (84%), conducted in urban settings with predominantly male, non-White adolescents and young adults. Most studies applied criminological theories (Routine Activities, Social Disorganization), while only 22% applied conceptual models. Critical and equity-focused theories were absent despite demographic disparities. Few studies empirically test theories; only 21 developed or adapted frameworks. Significant gaps existed in online contexts, rural settings, and among children and older adults. Theoretical-methodological misalignment was evident.

Conclusions

Although theoretical frameworks are foundational to firearm research, current work remains variable across populations and contexts. Theory development must move beyond siloed approaches through transdisciplinary collaboration, empirical testing, and community co-creation to guide effective prevention strategies.

目的：综合枪支伤害研究的理论和概念框架，确定不同背景下的差距，并为研究人员和从业人员提供应用信息。方法：我们按照PRISMA指南进行了范围综述，检索了7个数据库，检索了1999-2024年在美国进行的将理论或概念框架应用于枪支伤害研究的研究。在试点提取形式之后，评论者绘制了研究特征、枪支伤害背景（社区、大规模枪击、警察、自杀、伴侣/约会、学校或多种背景）、理论或概念框架以及社会生态水平的图表。使用描述性计数对数据进行汇总。结果：在213项研究中，大多数是非干预性（82%）和观察性（84%），在城市环境中进行，主要是男性，非白人青少年和年轻人。大多数研究应用了犯罪学理论（常规活动、社会解体），而只有22%的研究应用了概念模型。尽管存在人口差异，但批判性和以公平为中心的理论却缺失。很少有研究对理论进行实证检验；只有21个开发或调整了框架。在网络环境、农村环境以及儿童和老年人中存在显著差距。理论与方法的偏差是显而易见的。结论：尽管理论框架是枪支研究的基础，但目前的工作在不同的人群和背景下仍然存在差异。理论发展必须超越孤立的方法，通过跨学科合作、实证检验和社区共同创造来指导有效的预防战略。

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引用次数: 0

Country-level gender inequality and sex disparities in adolescent chronic pain: A 47-country analysis 国家层面的性别不平等和青少年慢性疼痛的性别差异：一项47个国家的分析。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108495

Rui Li , Rui Huang , Kavin Srinakarin , Anna Zajacova , Zachary Zimmer , Tonya Palermo , Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk

Objective

To examine how country-level gender inequality relates to adolescent chronic pain prevalence and sex disparities.

Methods

We linked country-level Gender Inequality Index (GII) and lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women to 2017/18 Health Behavior in School-aged Children data from 244,097 adolescents ages 11–15 in 47 countries. Relative sex disparities in pain prevalence (female:male prevalence ratio [PR]) were examined with modified Poisson regression with country-cluster-robust standard errors; absolute disparities (prevalence difference [PD]) with multilevel linear probability models.

Results

Chronic pain prevalence ranged from 32.30% to 58.72% across countries (overall 44.32%; I² = 98.36%). Female–male PDs ranged from 0.29 to 18.26 percentage points (pooled 13.28; I² = 79.80%); PRs ranged from 1.01 to 1.69 (pooled 1.36; I² = 83.71%). Higher GII was associated with greater pain prevalence (PR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.19) yet smaller sex disparities, due to steeper increase in boys' pain prevalence as GII increases. Higher IPV prevalence, though unrelated to overall pain prevalence, was associated with larger female–male percentage-point differences (β = 1.28%, 95% CI: 0.16%, 2.39%).

Conclusions

Structural gender inequality shapes both the population burden of adolescent chronic pain and sex disparities, underscoring the relevance of structural context and the need for more research in lower-income countries.

目的：探讨国家层面的性别不平等与青少年慢性疼痛患病率和性别差异之间的关系。方法：我们将国家层面的性别不平等指数（GII）和针对女性的亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的终生患病率与2017/18学年学龄儿童健康行为数据联系起来，这些数据来自47个国家的244,097名11-15岁的青少年。用修正泊松回归检验疼痛患病率的相对性别差异（女性：男性患病率[PR]）。绝对差异（患病率差异[PD]）与多水平线性概率模型。结果：各国慢性疼痛患病率从32.30 %到58.72 %不等（总体44.32 %;I2 = 98.36 %）。女性男性的pd值从0.29到18.26个百分点不等（合计13.28;I2 = 79.80 %）；pr范围为1.01 ~ 1.69（合计1.36;I2 = 83.71 %）。较高的GII与较高的疼痛患病率相关（PR = 1.11,95 % CI: 1.04, 1.19），但性别差异较小，因为随着GII的增加，男孩的疼痛患病率急剧增加。较高的IPV患病率虽然与总体疼痛患病率无关，但与较大的男女百分比差异相关（β = 1.28 %,95 % CI: 0.16 %,2.39 %）。结论：结构性性别不平等既影响青少年慢性疼痛的人口负担，也影响性别差异，强调了结构性背景的相关性，以及在低收入国家开展更多研究的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Physical activity counseling for people living with HIV: A scoping review 艾滋病毒感染者的身体活动咨询：范围审查

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108493

Marcos Cezar Pitombo da Silva Junior , Yago Silva Mascarenhas , Enaiane Cristina Menezes , Luciana Costa Melo , Flávia Accioly Canuto Wanderley , Géssyca Cavalcante de Melo , Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima

Objective

To explore evidence on physical activity counseling for people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods

Searches covered earliest records in PubMed (1946), Embase (1947), Web of Science (1900), Scopus (1788), and LILACS (1982) up to August 31, 2024. Studies investigating physical activity counseling in healthcare settings were included. Extracted data comprised author, year, country, sample characteristics, study design, objectives, theoretical framework, type and intensity, frequency, duration, strategies, professionals involved, and outcomes.

Results

Sixteen studies were included, most in the United States (n = 8; 50 %), predominantly involving adults (n = 12; 75 %) and both sexes (n = 12; 75 %), with a sample of 1458 participants. Motivational interviewing was the most frequent theoretical (n = 6; 37.5 %). Walking was the most counseled (n = 6; 37.5 %), usually recommended weekly (n = 9; 56.3 %), with sessions ranging from 15 to 90 min. Counseling intensity varied across light, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. More than half of the studies (n = 11; 68.8 %) reported increases in physical activity levels.

Conclusions

Counseling shows potential to promote active lifestyles among PLHIV, particularly when based on behavioral theories, though challenges remain regarding the description of strategies and adaptation to this population.

目的探讨艾滋病病毒感染者（PLHIV）身体活动咨询的证据。方法检索PubMed（1946）、Embase（1947）、Web of Science（1900）、Scopus（1788）和LILACS（1982）数据库中截至2024年8月31日的最早记录。研究调查了医疗机构的体育活动咨询。提取的数据包括作者、年份、国家、样本特征、研究设计、目标、理论框架、类型和强度、频率、持续时间、策略、涉及的专业人员和结果。结果纳入了16项研究，其中大多数在美国（n = 8; 50%），主要涉及成年人（n = 12; 75%）和两性（n = 12; 75%），共有1458名参与者。动机性访谈是最常见的理论访谈（n = 6; 37.5%）。步行是建议最多的（n = 6; 37.5%），通常建议每周（n = 9; 56.3%），每次15 - 90分钟。咨询强度在轻度、中度和中度至剧烈的体育活动中有所不同。超过一半的研究（n = 11; 68.8%）报告了身体活动水平的增加。结论：咨询显示了在PLHIV人群中促进积极生活方式的潜力，特别是当基于行为理论时，尽管在策略描述和适应这一人群方面仍然存在挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Association between adolescent overweight and adult mortality risk: A systematic review 青少年超重与成人死亡风险之间的关系：一项系统综述

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108492

Barbara Cristina Cruz Aguiar , Tatiana Rehder Gonçalves , Tatiana Henriques Leite , Luana Senna Blaudt , Lorrayne Santiago Machado de Barros , Laís Silva de Oliveira , Laylla Ribeiro Macedo , Amanda de Moura Souza

Objective

This systematic review examined the association between adolescent overweight and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adulthood.

Methods

We searched for studies published between 2014 and 2024 that included adults (aged 20 years or older) who had been classified as having overweight and/or obesity during adolescence (aged 10 to 19 years). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, BVS/LILACS, and SciELO were searched between April and May 2024. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessments.

Results

Eighteen of the 1256 records screened met the eligibility criteria. All studies used a cohort design, and most of them were conducted in high-income countries, with a median follow-up of 30 years. A consistent positive association was found between adolescent obesity and increased all-cause mortality in adulthood, particularly related to cardiovascular diseases. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality ranged from 1.3 to 2.7, with higher risks observed among adolescents with severe obesity. Most studies (70 %) were classified as having high methodological quality, reflecting strong methodological rigor and a low risk of bias. Heterogeneity among studies precluded a meta-analysis.

Conclusions

Since adolescent obesity is a strong predictor of premature adult mortality, early prevention and intervention strategies in this age group may help reduce long-term mortality risk.

目的：本系统综述探讨了青少年超重与成年期全因和特定原因死亡率之间的关系。方法：我们检索了2014年至2024年间发表的研究，其中包括在青春期（10至19岁）被归类为超重和/或肥胖的成年人（20岁或以上）。PubMed、Embase、Scopus、BVS/LILACS和SciELO在2024年4 - 5月间进行了检索。两名审稿人独立进行研究选择、数据提取和偏倚风险评估。结果1256条记录中有18条符合入选条件。所有研究均采用队列设计，其中大多数在高收入国家进行，中位随访时间为30年。青少年肥胖与成年后全因死亡率增加，特别是与心血管疾病相关的死亡率之间存在一致的正相关关系。全因死亡率的危险比从1.3到2.7不等，在严重肥胖的青少年中观察到更高的风险。大多数研究（70%）被归类为具有高方法学质量，反映了强大的方法学严谨性和低偏倚风险。研究间的异质性妨碍了meta分析。结论：由于青少年肥胖是成人过早死亡的重要预测因素，因此在这一年龄组采取早期预防和干预策略可能有助于降低长期死亡风险。

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引用次数: 0