Preventive medicine最新文献_第4页

National bowel cancer screening programs: The Emperor's new clothes! 国家肠癌筛查计划：皇帝的新衣

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108157

Alain Braillon

引用次数: 0

Association of watching sports games with subsequent health and well-being among adults in Japan: An outcome-wide longitudinal approach 日本成年人观看体育比赛与日后健康和幸福的关系：全结果纵向方法。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108154

Ryoko Kawakami , Naruki Kitano , Yuya Fujii , Takashi Jindo , Yuko Kai , Takashi Arao

Objective

Although the health benefits of playing sports are well-known, the association between watching sports and health is not well understood. We examined the longitudinal association of watching sports with 20 different health and well-being outcomes.

Methods

Three-wave cohort data from 6327 adults (4851 workers) in the Meiji Yasuda LifeStyle study were used to draw causal inferences. We assessed the frequency of watching sports games on media or in-person using a self-reported questionnaire in 2018. Outcomes, including health behaviors, physical, mental, and work-related outcomes, were evaluated in 2019. In 2017, sociodemographic factors, prior exposure, and outcome values were evaluated and used as covariates. Three different statistical models (logistic, modified Poisson, or linear regression) were used according to the nature of the outcome variable.

Results

Watching sports on media had a favorable dose-response association with a lower risk of becoming physically inactive and skipping breakfast, as well as higher happiness (p for trend < 0.05). Conversely, watching sports on media had an adverse dose-response association with higher body mass index and increased risks of developing hypertension and diabetes (p for trend < 0.05). Watching sports in-person had a dose-response association with lower risks of exhibiting the precontemplation stage of health behavior change, moderate/severe psychological distress, and dyslipidemia (p for trend < 0.05).

Conclusions

Despite the observed detrimental association between watching sports and cardiometabolic health, which should be interpreted cautiously and studied further, the study findings suggest that watching sports could be a new modifiable protective factor for developing healthy lifestyles and improving mental well-being.

目的：虽然参加体育运动对健康的益处众所周知，但观看体育比赛与健康之间的关系却不甚了解。我们研究了观看体育比赛与 20 种不同的健康和幸福结果之间的纵向联系：方法：我们利用明治安田生活方式研究中 6327 名成年人（4851 名工人）的三波队列数据进行因果推论。我们使用自我报告问卷评估了 2018 年通过媒体或亲自观看体育比赛的频率。2019年对结果进行了评估，包括健康行为、身体、精神和工作相关结果。2017 年，对社会人口学因素、先前接触情况和结果值进行了评估，并将其作为协变量。根据结果变量的性质，采用了三种不同的统计模型（逻辑模型、修正泊松模型或线性回归模型）：结果：在媒体上观看体育比赛与降低不运动和不吃早餐的风险以及提高幸福感有良好的剂量反应关系（趋势 p < 0.05）。相反，在媒体上观看体育比赛与体重指数升高、高血压和糖尿病发病风险升高有不利的剂量反应关系（趋势 p < 0.05）。亲自观看体育比赛与健康行为改变的前考虑阶段、中度/重度心理困扰和血脂异常的风险较低呈剂量反应关系（p为趋势 < 0.05）：尽管观察到观看体育比赛与心血管代谢健康之间存在不利的关联，对此应谨慎解释并进一步研究，但研究结果表明，观看体育比赛可能是发展健康生活方式和改善心理健康的一个新的可调节保护因素。

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引用次数: 0

Association between self-reported child maltreatment and risk of hospital-treated infectious diseases in middle-aged and older adults: A UK Biobank cohort study 中老年人自我报告的儿童虐待与医院治疗传染病风险之间的关系：英国生物库队列研究。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108153

Yifang Huang , Ruilang Lin , Wenhao Wang , Lulu Pan , Chen Huang , Yongfu Yu , Guoyou Qin , Zhijun Bao , Xueying Zheng

Objective

This study aimed to explore the association between child maltreatment and hospital-treated infectious diseases in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

145,151 participants aged 38–72 years from the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010 were enrolled and interviewed. Child maltreatment included five types: physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse. Patterns of maltreatment were identified using latent class analysis (LCA). Cox regression was employed to estimate the associations between child maltreatment (number of types, individual types, and patterns) and infectious diseases. Further, we evaluated potential mediators using mediation analysis.

Results

Over a median follow-up of 13.4 years, 22,688 participants (12.26 per 1000 person-years) were hospitalized for an infectious disease. Participants reporting any maltreatment had elevated infectious diseases risk (HR 1.18, 95 % CI: 1.15–1.21) than those without maltreatment. A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of maltreatment types and infectious disease (one, HR 1.09 [95 % CI 1.06–1.13]; two, HR 1.17 [95 % CI 1.12–1.23]; three to five, HR 1.48 [95 %CI 1.41–1.55]; P_trend < 0.001). Each type of maltreatment was associated with increased infectious diseases risk. LCA identified four patterns (low maltreatment, child neglect, child abuse, and poly-maltreatment), with those who experienced poly-maltreatment exhibiting the highest infectious diseases risk (HR 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.43–1.59). The association between child maltreatment and infectious diseases was mediated by C-reactive protein, phenotypic age acceleration, loneliness, psychiatric disorders, and unhealthy lifestyles.

Conclusions

Child maltreatment may increase susceptibility to a broad spectrum of infectious diseases in adulthood, highlighting the need for early-life maltreatment prevention policies.

研究目的本研究旨在探讨中老年人中儿童虐待与医院治疗的传染病之间的关系。方法：对 2006 年至 2010 年间英国生物库中年龄在 38-72 岁之间的 145,151 名参与者进行了登记和访谈。儿童虐待包括五种类型：身体虐待、身体忽视、情感虐待、情感忽视和性虐待。采用潜类分析（LCA）确定了虐待模式。采用 Cox 回归估算儿童虐待（类型数量、个体类型和模式）与传染病之间的关联。此外，我们还利用中介分析评估了潜在的中介因素：在 13.4 年的中位随访期间，22,688 名参与者（每千人年 12.26 人）因感染传染病而住院。与未受过虐待的参与者相比，报告受过虐待的参与者患传染病的风险更高（HR 1.18，95 % CI：1.15-1.21）。虐待类型的数量与传染病之间存在剂量反应关系（一次，HR 1.09 [95 % CI 1.06-1.13]；两次，HR 1.17 [95 % CI 1.12-1.23]；三次至五次，HR 1.48 [95 %CI 1.41-1.55]；Ptrend 结论：儿童受虐待可能会增加成年后对多种传染病的易感性，因此需要制定早期虐待预防政策。

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引用次数: 0

Fish oil supplementation, genetic susceptibility and risk of new-onset hypertension 补充鱼油、遗传易感性和新发高血压的风险。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108152

Zhi-Hao Li , Wei-Qi Song , Cheng-Shen Qiu , Hong-Min Li , Xu-Lian Tang , Dong Shen , Pei-Dong Zhang , Xi-Ru Zhang , Jiao-Jiao Ren , Jian Gao , Wen-Fang Zhong , Dan Liu , Ying-Jun Chen , Pei-Liang Chen , Qing-Mei Huang , Chen Mao

Objectives

The risk of new-onset hypertension is influenced by habitual fish oil supplementation, but whether the association is modified by genetic predisposition is unknown.

Methods

A total of 213,604 participants without hypertension were identified at baseline from the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010. The weighted polygenetic risk score (PRS) comprising 118 identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was used to quantify genetic susceptibility. Cox regression models were applied to determine the association between fish oil supplementation, PRS, and hypertension and evaluate the effect modification of genetic susceptibility.

Results

During a median follow-up of 13.8 years, 18,498 new-onset hypertension cases were identified. Approximately 30.6 % (65,452) of participants were habitual fish oil users. The hazard ratio (HR) of habitual fish oil users for hypertension was 0.94 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.91–0.98). Fish oil nonusers with a high genetic risk had an increased risk of hypertension (HR, 1.52; 95 % CI, 1.41–1.64) compared to fish oil users with a low genetic risk. In addition, an interaction on the additive scale between the fish oil use and intermediate or high levels of genetic susceptibility was observed. The interactive effects accounted for approximately 7 % and 22 % of the risk of developing hypertension, respectively.

Conclusions

This cohort study indicates regular fish oil supplementation could be beneficial in preventing hypertension, particularly among individuals with intermediate or high genetic susceptibility on an additive scale.

目的：新发高血压的风险受习惯性补充鱼油的影响，但遗传易感性是否会改变这种关联尚不清楚：习惯性补充鱼油会影响新发高血压的风险，但这种关联是否会因遗传易感性而改变尚不清楚：方法：2006 年至 2010 年间，从英国生物库（UK Biobank）中确定了 213 604 名无高血压的基线参与者。由 118 个已识别的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）组成的加权多基因风险评分（PRS）用于量化遗传易感性。采用 Cox 回归模型确定鱼油补充、PRS 和高血压之间的关系，并评估遗传易感性的影响：在中位 13.8 年的随访期间，共发现 18,498 例新发高血压病例。约 30.6% 的参与者（65 452 人）习惯使用鱼油。惯用鱼油者患高血压的危险比（HR）为 0.94（95 % 置信区间 [CI]，0.91-0.98）。与遗传风险低的鱼油使用者相比，遗传风险高的非鱼油使用者患高血压的风险更高（HR，1.52；95 % CI，1.41-1.64）。此外，还观察到使用鱼油与中度或高度遗传易感性之间的交互作用。交互效应分别占高血压发病风险的约 7% 和 22%：这项队列研究表明，定期补充鱼油有利于预防高血压，尤其是在中度或高度遗传易感性个体中。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the association between cigarette smoking and blood C-reactive protein levels using restructured cohort data 利用重组队列数据评估吸烟与血液 C 反应蛋白水平之间的关系

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108151

Dong-Hee Koh , Sangjun Choi , Ju-Hyun Park , Sang-Gil Lee , Hwan-Cheol Kim , Inah Kim , Soon-Sil Han , Dong-Uk Park

Introduction

Cigarette smoke exposure is known to induce inflammation, leading to elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP). Despite extensive research on this relationship, longitudinal studies are limited. We aimed to explore the association between cigarette smoke exposure and WBC count and CRP levels by restructuring community cohort data.

Methods

Data from a community cohort of the Korean population, followed biennially from 2001 to 2018, were utilized. Smoking status was determined through self-administered questionnaires. WBC and CRP levels were measured in a central laboratory with stringent quality control. Cohort data were restructured into pairs representing before and after measurements. We analyzed smoking effects on WBC and CRP using pairwise before-after tests based on changes in smoking status. Furthermore, parallel group analyses comparing changes in smoking status to no change were conducted.

Results

Analysis included 4336 pairs for WBC and 3068 pairs for CRP from 10,030 participants. Pairwise analysis showed a significant decrease in WBC transitioning from current smoker to non-smoker and an increase from non-smoker to current smoker. Parallel group analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in WBC transitioning from current smoker to non-smoker compared to remaining current smoker, and an increase from non-smoker to current smoker compared to remaining non-smoker. CRP did not exhibit significant associations in either analysis.

Conclusions

In a community cohort, cigarette smoking was associated with elevated WBC count. However, CRP levels did not consistently reflect inflammation associated with cigarette smoking.

导言：众所周知，吸烟会诱发炎症，导致白细胞（WBC）计数和 C 反应蛋白（CRP）等炎症标志物水平升高。尽管对这种关系进行了广泛的研究，但纵向研究却很有限。我们旨在通过重组社区队列数据，探讨香烟烟雾暴露与白细胞计数和 CRP 水平之间的关系。通过自填问卷确定吸烟状况。白细胞和 CRP 水平在中央实验室进行测量，并有严格的质量控制。队列数据被重组为代表测量前后的数据对。我们根据吸烟状态的变化，使用成对的前后检验来分析吸烟对白细胞和 CRP 的影响。此外，我们还进行了平行组分析，将吸烟状态的变化与无变化进行比较。结果分析包括来自 10,030 名参与者的 4336 对 WBC 和 3068 对 CRP。配对分析表明，从当前吸烟者到非吸烟者，白细胞显著下降，而从非吸烟者到当前吸烟者，白细胞显著上升。平行组分析表明，与目前仍吸烟者相比，从目前吸烟者转变为非吸烟者的白细胞显著减少，而与目前仍不吸烟者相比，从不吸烟者转变为目前吸烟者的白细胞显著增加。结论在社区队列中，吸烟与白细胞计数升高有关。结论在社区队列中，吸烟与白细胞计数升高有关，但 CRP 水平并不能一致反映与吸烟有关的炎症。

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引用次数: 0

Organized cervical cancer screening: A randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of sending invitation letters 有组织的宫颈癌筛查：评估发送邀请函效果的随机对照试验。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108150

Delphine Teigné , Anne-Sophie Banaszuk , Charlotte Grimault , Aline Lebon , France Nanin , Aurélie Gaultier , Cédric Rat

Objective

To evaluate the effect of implementing two modalities of organized Cervical Cancer Screening (CCS) program on screening uptake after a six-month delay.

Methods

A three-armed cluster randomized control trial was conducted in France between January 8 and July 2, 2021, involving148 510 women aged 40 to 65 and 1070 general practitioners.

In the Optimized screening group, an invitation letter was posted to non-adherent women, and general practitioners were sent a list of their non-adherent patients.

In the Organized screening group, an invitation letter was posted to non-adherent women.

In the Usual care group, no invitation was sent.

The endpoint was cervical cancer screening uptake after a six months period a) among all eligible women (primary endpoint); and b) among initially non-adherent women (post-hoc analysis).

Statistical analysis was based on a logistic mixed model that compared between-group percentages of adherent women. A hierarchical comparison successively tested differences between the three arms (alpha 5 % risk).

Results

Among all 148,510 eligible women, screening uptake was 63.6 % (31,731/49910) in the Optimized screening group vs 61.8 % (30,210/48847) in the Usual care group (OR [IC95 %] = 1.05[0.93; 1.18]).

Among the 64,370 initially non-adherent women, screening uptake was 17.9 % (3955/22134) in the Optimized screening group vs 11.6 % (5321/20995) in the Usual care group (OR [IC95 %] = 1.70[1.56;1.86]). There was no significant difference between Optimized and Organized screening groups (17.2 % vs 17.9 %; OR [IC95 %] = 1.02[0.94; 1.11]).

Conclusions

The implementation of an organized screening based on an invitation letter resulted in a modest increase in participation among non-adherent women six months later.

目的评估宫颈癌筛查（CCS）计划的两种组织模式在延迟六个月后对筛查率的影响：2021年1月8日至7月2日期间，法国开展了一项三臂群组随机对照试验，共有148 510名40至65岁的女性和1070名全科医生参与。在优化筛查组中，向未坚持筛查的妇女张贴了邀请函，并向全科医生发送了一份未坚持筛查的患者名单。在有组织筛查组中，向未坚持筛查的妇女张贴了邀请函。常规护理组未发出邀请函。终点是在 6 个月后，a）所有符合条件的妇女接受宫颈癌筛查的情况（主要终点）；b）最初未接受筛查的妇女接受筛查的情况（事后分析）。统计分析采用逻辑混合模型，比较组间坚持筛查妇女的百分比。分层比较连续检验了三个组之间的差异（α 5 % 风险）：在所有符合条件的 148510 名妇女中，优化筛查组的筛查率为 63.6%（31731/49910），而常规护理组为 61.8%（30210/48847）（OR [IC95 %] = 1.05[0.93; 1.18]）。在 64,370 名最初未坚持筛查的妇女中，优化筛查组的筛查率为 17.9%（3955/22134），而常规护理组为 11.6%（5321/20995）（OR [IC95 %] = 1.70[1.56;1.86]）。优化筛查组和有组织筛查组之间没有明显差异（17.2% vs 17.9%；OR [IC95 %] = 1.02[0.94; 1.11]）：结论：以邀请函为基础的有组织筛查在 6 个月后使未坚持筛查的妇女的参与率略有提高。

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引用次数: 0

Secular trends of physical fitness in Austrian children attending sports schools: An analysis of repeated cross-sections from 2006 to 2023 奥地利体育学校学生体能的长期趋势：对 2006 年至 2023 年重复横截面的分析。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108149

Alexandra Unger , Walter Reichel , Katrin Röttig , Jan Wilke

Background

Physical fitness (PF) offers numerous physical and mental health benefits, especially during childhood. Previous studies investigating trends in children's PF over the years reported contradictory findings.

Objective

To identify and analyse secular trends in PF among Austrian schoolchildren from 2006 to 2023.

Method

A repeated cross-sections design was used to examine the PF of children enrolling in sports schools between 2006 and 2023. During this period, a standardized eight-item motor performance testing battery was administered yearly to capture markers of strength, speed, endurance, agility and reaction time in Austrian schools.

Results

A total of n = 3827 children (996 girls) with a mean age of 9.9 ± 1.0 years were included. Linear mixed models indicated significant declines in sprint performance (5, 10, 20 m), tapping, jump (long jump and drop jump), throwing (medicine ball), and agility (snake run). No changes were observed in cardiorespiratory fitness (8 min run) or reaction time.

Conclusion

There has been a steady decline in PF among Austrian children attending sports schools. This finding underscores the need for enhanced PF monitoring and training in schools to improve public health outcomes.

背景：体能（PF）对身心健康有诸多益处，尤其是在儿童时期。以往对儿童体适能趋势的调查报告结果相互矛盾：确定并分析 2006 年至 2023 年奥地利学龄儿童体适能的长期趋势：方法：采用重复横截面设计，研究 2006 年至 2023 年体育学校入学儿童的 PF。在此期间，每年在奥地利学校进行一次标准化的八项运动表现测试，以获取力量、速度、耐力、敏捷性和反应时间等指标：结果：共有 n = 3827 名儿童（996 名女孩）参加了测试，他们的平均年龄为 9.9 ± 1.0 岁。线性混合模型显示，儿童的短跑成绩（5 米、10 米、20 米）、拍击、跳跃（跳远和跳高）、投掷（药丸）和敏捷性（蛇形跑）明显下降。心肺功能（8 分钟跑步）和反应时间均无变化：结论：在体育学校就读的奥地利儿童的肺活量持续下降。结论：在奥地利体育学校就读的儿童的体能持续下降，这一发现强调了在学校加强体能监测和训练以改善公共卫生成果的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Food insecurity and substance use among young adults in the United States 美国青少年的粮食不安全和药物使用情况。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108148

Sarah A. Pitman , Keryn E. Pasch , Natalie S. Poulos , Cayley E. Velazquez

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between food insecurity and substance use among young adults aged 18–25 in the U.S.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was completed by a diverse sample of 1024 young adults (50.2 % female; 62 % non-white; m age = 21.7[SD = 2.26]) between January–April 2022. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between food insecurity and current cigarette use, Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) use, cannabis use, alcohol use, and binge drinking controlling for socio-demographic and economic factors, mental health, and experiences of discrimination.

Results

Nearly 70 % of participants reported being food insecure over the past year. Substance use was also common: 45.9 % of participants reported current cigarette use, 50.9 % ENDS use, 57 % cannabis use, 65.9 % alcohol use, and 50.4 % engaged in binge drinking in the past two weeks. Being food insecure was associated with greater odds of cigarette use (OR = 2.49, 95 % CI = [1.77, 3.50]), ENDS use (OR = 2.18, 95 % CI = [1.58, 3.01]), cannabis use (OR = 1.73, 95 % CI = [1.26, 2.37]), alcohol use (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI = [1.16, 2.19]) and binge drinking (OR = 1.98, 95 % CI = [1.44, 2.72]), controlling for all other factors.

Conclusion

Food insecurity may serve as an important indicator of substance use among young adults. Practitioners should consider screening for food insecurity, providing information about food access, and developing interventions to address food insecurity among the young adults with whom they work. Future research should examine these associations prospectively to better understand how food insecurity may contribute to the initiation and/or escalation of substance use.

目的：本研究的目的是探讨美国 18-25 岁青壮年中食物不安全与药物使用之间的关系：2022 年 1 月至 4 月间，1024 名年轻成年人（50.2% 为女性；62% 为非白人；平均年龄 = 21.7[SD = 2.26]）完成了一项横断面在线调查。在控制社会人口和经济因素、心理健康和歧视经历的情况下，使用逻辑回归分析来研究食物无保障与当前吸烟、使用电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）、吸食大麻、饮酒和酗酒之间的关系：近 70% 的参与者表示在过去一年中粮食无保障。使用药物的情况也很普遍：45.9%的参与者表示目前使用香烟，50.9%使用ENDS，57%使用大麻，65.9%饮酒，50.4%在过去两周内酗酒。食物无保障与吸烟（OR = 2.49，95 % CI = [1.77，3.50]）、使用 ENDS（OR = 2.18，95 % CI = [1.58，3.01]）、吸食大麻（OR = 1.73，95 % CI = [1.26，2.37]）、饮酒（OR = 1.60，95 % CI = [1.16，2.19]）和暴饮暴食（OR = 1.98，95 % CI = [1.44，2.72]）：结论：食物不安全可能是青少年使用药物的一个重要指标。从业人员应考虑筛查食物不安全状况，提供有关食物获取的信息，并制定干预措施，以解决他们所服务的青壮年中存在的食物不安全问题。未来的研究应该对这些关联进行前瞻性研究，以更好地了解食物不安全如何导致药物使用的开始和/或升级。

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引用次数: 0

An atlas on risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies 胃肠道癌症风险因素图集：孟德尔随机研究的系统回顾。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108147

Yi-Xuan Huang , Jun-Hua Wu , Yu-Qiang Zhao , Wan-Nian Sui , Tian Tian , Wen-Xiu Han , Jing Ni

Objective

Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most frequent cancer types and seriously threaten human life and health. Recent studies attribute the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancers to both genetic and environmental factors, yet the intrinsic etiology remains unclear. Mendelian randomization is a powerful well-established statistical method that is based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) to evaluate the causal relationship between exposures and outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies investigating any causal risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers.

Methods

We systematically searched Mendelian randomization studies that addressed the associations of genetically predicted exposures with five main gastrointestinal cancers from September 2014 to March 2024, as well as testing the research quality and validity.

Results

Our findings suggested robust and consistent causal effects of body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate, fatty acids, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, insulin like growth factor-1, eosinophil counts, interleukin 2, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, apolipoprotein B on colorectal cancer risks, BMI, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total testosterone, smoking on gastric cancer risks, BMI, fasting insulin, LDL, waist circumference, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), immune cells, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on pancreatic cancer risks, waist circumference, smoking, T2DM on esophageal adenocarcinoma risks, and VAT, ferritin, transferrin, alcohol consumption, hepatitis B virus infection, rheumatoid arthritis on liver cancer risks, respectively.

Conclusion

Larger, well-designed Mendelian randomization studies are practical in determining the causal status of risk factors for diseases.

目的：胃肠癌是最常见的癌症类型之一，严重威胁着人类的生命和健康。最新研究认为，胃肠道癌症的发生与遗传和环境因素有关，但其内在病因仍不清楚。孟德尔随机化是一种强大而成熟的统计方法，它基于全基因组关联研究（GWAS）来评估暴露与结果之间的因果关系。本研究旨在对调查胃肠道癌症因果风险因素的孟德尔随机研究进行系统回顾：方法：我们系统地检索了 2014 年 9 月至 2024 年 3 月期间涉及基因预测暴露与五种主要胃肠道癌症相关性的孟德尔随机研究，并对研究质量和有效性进行了检测：我们的研究结果表明，体重指数（BMI）、基础代谢率、脂肪酸、总胆固醇、总胆红素、胰岛素样生长因子-1、嗜酸性粒细胞计数、白细胞介素 2、饮酒量、咖啡饮用量、载脂蛋白 B 对结直肠癌风险，BMI、腰围、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、总睾酮，以及吸烟对胃癌风险，BMI、腰围、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、总睾酮，都具有稳健且一致的因果效应、吸烟对胃癌风险的影响，体重指数、空腹胰岛素、低密度脂蛋白、腰围、内脏脂肪组织（VAT）、免疫细胞、2 型糖尿病（T2DM）对胰腺癌风险的影响，腰围、吸烟、T2DM 对食管腺癌风险的影响，以及 VAT、铁蛋白、转铁蛋白、饮酒、乙型肝炎病毒感染、类风湿性关节炎对肝癌风险的影响。结论规模更大、设计合理的孟德尔随机研究对于确定疾病风险因素的因果关系非常实用。

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引用次数: 0

Moral values and vaccination behavior in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 大流行期间俄罗斯的道德价值观和疫苗接种行为。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108143

Dmitry Kislitsyn , Peter Meylakhs , Dmitry Schapov , Dmitry Kurakin , Ekaterina Aleksandrova

Objective

Effective persuasive communication necessitates message matching; the conveyed message should resonate with the recipient's characteristics, including individual moral values. While studies examining the relationship between moral values and vaccination behavior have been conducted in a limited number of countries, this study seeks to provide evidence on this relationship beyond Western democracies.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from November 4 to December 17, 2021, in Russia. Participants reported their COVID-19 vaccination behavior and completed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, designed to measure the endorsement of moral values (n = 415). Regression analysis was employed to assess the association between each moral foundation and COVID-19 vaccination behavior.

Results

Our findings indicate that the moral foundations of Care, Loyalty, Fairness, and Sanctity significantly influence vaccination behavior. Individuals who strongly endorse Fairness (AME = −0.019; 95 % CI = −0.033, −0.005) and Sanctity (AME = −0.016; 95 % CI = −0.031, −0.002) were less likely to be vaccinated. Conversely, individuals endorsing Care (AME = −0.018; 95 % CI = −0.031, −0.005) and Loyalty (AME = −0.015; 95 % CI = −0.028, −0.001) were less likely to report refusal of vaccination. These results remain robust after adjusting for sociodemographic variables related to vaccination barriers.

Conclusion

Our findings carry public health implications; an understanding of the moral psychology underlying vaccination behavior can facilitate more targeted and effective health communication. Employing skillfully crafted moral appeals may mitigate negative attitudes toward vaccination and enhance vaccination rates.

目标有效的说服性传播必须与信息相匹配；传达的信息应与接受者的特点（包括个人道德价值观）产生共鸣。尽管对道德价值观与疫苗接种行为之间关系的研究只在少数国家进行，但本研究试图为西方民主国家以外的国家提供有关这种关系的证据：方法：2021 年 11 月 4 日至 12 月 17 日在俄罗斯进行了一项横断面在线调查。参与者报告了他们的 COVID-19 疫苗接种行为，并填写了道德基础问卷，该问卷旨在测量道德价值观的认可度（n = 415）。我们采用回归分析法评估了每种道德基础与 COVID-19 疫苗接种行为之间的关联：结果：我们的研究结果表明，"关爱"、"忠诚"、"公平 "和 "神圣 "等道德基础对疫苗接种行为有显著影响。强烈支持公平（AME = -0.019；95 % CI = -0.033，-0.005）和神圣（AME = -0.016；95 % CI = -0.031，-0.002）的人接种疫苗的可能性较低。相反，支持 "关怀"（AME = -0.018; 95 % CI = -0.031, -0.005）和 "忠诚"（AME = -0.015; 95 % CI = -0.028, -0.001）的人则不太可能拒绝接种疫苗。在对与疫苗接种障碍有关的社会人口变量进行调整后，这些结果仍然是稳健的：我们的研究结果具有公共卫生方面的意义；了解疫苗接种行为背后的道德心理可以促进更有针对性、更有效的健康传播。巧妙地运用道德诉求可以减轻人们对疫苗接种的负面态度，提高疫苗接种率。

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