Preventive medicine最新文献_第4页

Physical activity counseling for people living with HIV: A scoping review 艾滋病毒感染者的身体活动咨询：范围审查

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108493

Marcos Cezar Pitombo da Silva Junior , Yago Silva Mascarenhas , Enaiane Cristina Menezes , Luciana Costa Melo , Flávia Accioly Canuto Wanderley , Géssyca Cavalcante de Melo , Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima

Objective

To explore evidence on physical activity counseling for people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods

Searches covered earliest records in PubMed (1946), Embase (1947), Web of Science (1900), Scopus (1788), and LILACS (1982) up to August 31, 2024. Studies investigating physical activity counseling in healthcare settings were included. Extracted data comprised author, year, country, sample characteristics, study design, objectives, theoretical framework, type and intensity, frequency, duration, strategies, professionals involved, and outcomes.

Results

Sixteen studies were included, most in the United States (n = 8; 50 %), predominantly involving adults (n = 12; 75 %) and both sexes (n = 12; 75 %), with a sample of 1458 participants. Motivational interviewing was the most frequent theoretical (n = 6; 37.5 %). Walking was the most counseled (n = 6; 37.5 %), usually recommended weekly (n = 9; 56.3 %), with sessions ranging from 15 to 90 min. Counseling intensity varied across light, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. More than half of the studies (n = 11; 68.8 %) reported increases in physical activity levels.

Conclusions

Counseling shows potential to promote active lifestyles among PLHIV, particularly when based on behavioral theories, though challenges remain regarding the description of strategies and adaptation to this population.

目的探讨艾滋病病毒感染者（PLHIV）身体活动咨询的证据。方法检索PubMed（1946）、Embase（1947）、Web of Science（1900）、Scopus（1788）和LILACS（1982）数据库中截至2024年8月31日的最早记录。研究调查了医疗机构的体育活动咨询。提取的数据包括作者、年份、国家、样本特征、研究设计、目标、理论框架、类型和强度、频率、持续时间、策略、涉及的专业人员和结果。结果纳入了16项研究，其中大多数在美国（n = 8; 50%），主要涉及成年人（n = 12; 75%）和两性（n = 12; 75%），共有1458名参与者。动机性访谈是最常见的理论访谈（n = 6; 37.5%）。步行是建议最多的（n = 6; 37.5%），通常建议每周（n = 9; 56.3%），每次15 - 90分钟。咨询强度在轻度、中度和中度至剧烈的体育活动中有所不同。超过一半的研究（n = 11; 68.8%）报告了身体活动水平的增加。结论：咨询显示了在PLHIV人群中促进积极生活方式的潜力，特别是当基于行为理论时，尽管在策略描述和适应这一人群方面仍然存在挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Association between adolescent overweight and adult mortality risk: A systematic review 青少年超重与成人死亡风险之间的关系：一项系统综述

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108492

Barbara Cristina Cruz Aguiar , Tatiana Rehder Gonçalves , Tatiana Henriques Leite , Luana Senna Blaudt , Lorrayne Santiago Machado de Barros , Laís Silva de Oliveira , Laylla Ribeiro Macedo , Amanda de Moura Souza

Objective

This systematic review examined the association between adolescent overweight and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adulthood.

Methods

We searched for studies published between 2014 and 2024 that included adults (aged 20 years or older) who had been classified as having overweight and/or obesity during adolescence (aged 10 to 19 years). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, BVS/LILACS, and SciELO were searched between April and May 2024. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessments.

Results

Eighteen of the 1256 records screened met the eligibility criteria. All studies used a cohort design, and most of them were conducted in high-income countries, with a median follow-up of 30 years. A consistent positive association was found between adolescent obesity and increased all-cause mortality in adulthood, particularly related to cardiovascular diseases. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality ranged from 1.3 to 2.7, with higher risks observed among adolescents with severe obesity. Most studies (70 %) were classified as having high methodological quality, reflecting strong methodological rigor and a low risk of bias. Heterogeneity among studies precluded a meta-analysis.

Conclusions

Since adolescent obesity is a strong predictor of premature adult mortality, early prevention and intervention strategies in this age group may help reduce long-term mortality risk.

目的：本系统综述探讨了青少年超重与成年期全因和特定原因死亡率之间的关系。方法：我们检索了2014年至2024年间发表的研究，其中包括在青春期（10至19岁）被归类为超重和/或肥胖的成年人（20岁或以上）。PubMed、Embase、Scopus、BVS/LILACS和SciELO在2024年4 - 5月间进行了检索。两名审稿人独立进行研究选择、数据提取和偏倚风险评估。结果1256条记录中有18条符合入选条件。所有研究均采用队列设计，其中大多数在高收入国家进行，中位随访时间为30年。青少年肥胖与成年后全因死亡率增加，特别是与心血管疾病相关的死亡率之间存在一致的正相关关系。全因死亡率的危险比从1.3到2.7不等，在严重肥胖的青少年中观察到更高的风险。大多数研究（70%）被归类为具有高方法学质量，反映了强大的方法学严谨性和低偏倚风险。研究间的异质性妨碍了meta分析。结论：由于青少年肥胖是成人过早死亡的重要预测因素，因此在这一年龄组采取早期预防和干预策略可能有助于降低长期死亡风险。

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引用次数: 0

Geographic clusters of human papillomavirus-associated cancer incidence in the US, 2008–2022 2008-2022年美国人乳头瘤病毒相关癌症发病率的地理聚类

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108491

Todd Burus , Krystle A. Lang Kuhs , Ashish A. Deshmukh , Haluk Damgacioglu

Objective

Despite known state and regional differences, United States (US) county-level patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer incidence remain unexplored.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed US county-level HPV-associated cancer incidence rates from 2008 to 2022 using the US Cancer Statistics Incidence Analytic Database to identify geographic clusters of high and low incidence. Clusters were identified using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and assessed for differences in cluster-level sociodemographic characteristics and sex-and-site-specific incidence.

Results

We found 373 hot spot and 409 cold spot counties, with median incidence rates of 16.14 and 10.62 per 100,000, respectively. Hot spot counties were particularly concentrated in Central Appalachia, the northern portion of the Mississippi Delta, and northern Florida. Compared to cold spots, hot spot counties were more rural (median, 72.02 % vs. 42.09 %) and had higher poverty (median, 17.71 % vs 10.51 %). The largest disparities between cluster-level incidence rates were observed in oropharyngeal and vulvar cancers, with rates over 60 % higher in hot spot counties than cold spot counties.

Conclusion

Our study identified distinct geographic clusters with disproportionately high HPV-associated cancer incidence. These findings highlight areas where intensified prevention and control efforts, including direct vaccination, screening, and outreach efforts, are needed to eliminate HPV-related cancer disparities.

目的：尽管已知的州和地区差异，美国（US）人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）相关癌症发病率的县级模式仍未被探索。方法：在这项横断面研究中，我们使用美国癌症统计发病率分析数据库分析了2008年至2022年美国县级hpv相关癌症发病率，以确定高发病率和低发病率的地理集群。使用Getis-Ord Gi*统计来确定聚类，并评估聚类水平社会人口学特征以及性别和地点特异性发病率的差异。结果：发现热点县373个，冷区县409个，中位发病率分别为16.14 / 10万和10.62 / 10万。热点县特别集中在阿巴拉契亚中部、密西西比三角洲北部和佛罗里达州北部。与寒区相比，热点县更加农村化（中位数为72.02 %对42.09 %），贫困率更高（中位数为17.71 %对10.51 %）。群级发病率差异最大的是口咽癌和外阴癌，热点县的发病率比冷点县高60% %以上。结论：我们的研究确定了hpv相关癌症发病率不成比例高的不同地理集群。这些发现突出了需要加强预防和控制工作的领域，包括直接接种疫苗、筛查和外展工作，以消除hpv相关癌症的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Estimated projection of cancer mortality in Taiwan until 2050 台湾至2050年癌症死亡率预测。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108490

Shih-Yung Su

Objectives

This study projected mortality trends through 2050 for 17 cancers in Taiwan by using mortality data from 1996 to 2023.

Methods

The synthesized age-period-cohort prediction method is used for projection.

Results

Among men, mortality from oral, prostate, and kidney cancers would increase by 2050. Esophageal and brain cancers follow a U-shaped trend. Mortality from most other cancers would decline. Lung (18.54 % of all cancer deaths), prostate (17.25 %), oral (15.10 %), colorectal (11.11 %), and liver (9.07 %) cancers would become leading causes of cancer death in men by 2050, accounting for 71.08 % of all cancer deaths. Mortality from bladder and kidney cancers would slightly increase. Among women, mortality from ovarian cancer would increase steadily. Pancreatic, breast, cervical, endometrial, bladder, and brain cancers would follow a U-shaped trend. Mortality from other cancers would decline. Lung (13.63 %), breast (13.06 %), bladder (12.90 %), colorectal (12.81 %), and pancreatic (11.24 %) cancers would become leading causes of cancer death in women by 2050, accounting for 63.65 % of all cancer deaths. Mortality from ovarian cancer would increase from 3.57 % to 5.42 % (from 2023 to 2050).

Conclusions

Kidney, prostate, pancreatic, endometrial, ovarian, and bladder cancers are projected to surpass their observation in past and may become new threat in future.

目的：本研究利用1996年至2023年的死亡率数据，预测台湾17种癌症到2050年的死亡率趋势。方法：采用年龄-时期-队列综合预测法进行预测。结果：在男性中，口腔癌、前列腺癌和肾癌的死亡率到2050年将增加。食管癌和脑癌呈u型趋势。大多数其他癌症的死亡率将会下降。到2050年，肺癌（占所有癌症死亡人数的18.54%）、前列腺癌（17.25%）、口腔癌（15.10%）、结直肠癌（11.11%）和肝癌（9.07%）将成为男性癌症死亡的主要原因，占所有癌症死亡人数的71.08%。膀胱癌和肾癌的死亡率会略有上升。在妇女中，卵巢癌的死亡率将稳步上升。胰腺癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、膀胱癌和脑癌呈u型趋势。其他癌症的死亡率也会下降。到2050年，肺癌（13.63%）、乳腺癌（13.06%）、膀胱癌（12.90%）、结直肠癌（12.81%）和胰腺癌（11.24%）将成为女性癌症死亡的主要原因，占所有癌症死亡人数的63.65%。卵巢癌死亡率将从3.57%增加到5.42%（从2023年到2050年）。结论：肾癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌和膀胱癌的发病率预计将超过以往，并可能成为未来的新威胁。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of interventions for increasing lung cancer screening uptake: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials 增加肺癌筛查的干预措施的有效性：随机临床试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108489

Wenjuan Tao , Xiumei Tang , Xuefeng Jiao , Ambreen Sayani , Junqiang Zhao , Weimin Li , Xiaolin Wei

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for increasing lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake and to identify factors influencing their implementation.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from January 2010 to November 2025. Included studies were randomized controlled trials involving high-risk adults eligible for LCS with low-dose computed tomography, evaluating interventions to improve screening uptake as a primary or secondary outcome.

Results

Eleven trials were included, primarily from the United States (N = 9). Interventions were categorized as patient navigation, decision aids, educational video/film, targeted invitation/outreach, and multi-component intervention. Overall, interventions showed a modest but significant effect on LCS uptake (RR = 1.34; 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.76). The multi-component intervention (RR = 2.11; 95 % CI: 1.21, 3.68) demonstrated significant effects, while patient navigation showed potential (RR = 2.18; 95 % CI: 0.53, 9.08). Innovation and inner setting were identified as potentially important factors influencing intervention implementation.

Conclusions

Interventions modestly increased LCS uptake, with multi-component intervention and patient navigation showing the most promising effects. Future research should prioritize multicomponent strategies that address the entire screening continuum, equity-focused designs for priority populations, and trials in diverse international settings.

目的：本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估增加肺癌筛查（LCS）摄取的干预措施的有效性，并确定影响其实施的因素。方法：检索2010年1月至2025年11月的MEDLINE、CINAHL、EMBASE、Cochrane Library和Web of Science。纳入的研究是随机对照试验，涉及符合LCS条件的高风险成人，采用低剂量计算机断层扫描，评估干预措施以提高筛查吸收作为主要或次要结果。结果：纳入了11项试验，主要来自美国（N = 9）。干预措施分为患者导航、辅助决策、教育视频/电影、有针对性的邀请/外展和多组分干预。总体而言，干预措施对LCS的摄取显示出适度但显著的影响（RR = 1.34;95% % CI: 1.02, 1.76）。多组分干预（RR = 2.11;95 % CI: 1.21, 3.68）显示出显著效果，而患者导航显示出潜力（RR = 2.18;95 % CI: 0.53, 9.08）。创新和内部环境被认为是影响干预实施的潜在重要因素。结论：干预适度增加了LCS的摄取，其中多组分干预和患者导航显示出最有希望的效果。未来的研究应优先考虑解决整个筛查连续体的多组分策略，优先人群的公平设计，以及在不同国际环境中的试验。

{"title":"Effectiveness of interventions for increasing lung cancer screening uptake: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Wenjuan Tao , Xiumei Tang , Xuefeng Jiao , Ambreen Sayani , Junqiang Zhao , Weimin Li , Xiaolin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for increasing lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake and to identify factors influencing their implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from January 2010 to November 2025. Included studies were randomized controlled trials involving high-risk adults eligible for LCS with low-dose computed tomography, evaluating interventions to improve screening uptake as a primary or secondary outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eleven trials were included, primarily from the United States (<em>N</em> = 9). Interventions were categorized as patient navigation, decision aids, educational video/film, targeted invitation/outreach, and multi-component intervention. Overall, interventions showed a modest but significant effect on LCS uptake (RR = 1.34; 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.76). The multi-component intervention (RR = 2.11; 95 % CI: 1.21, 3.68) demonstrated significant effects, while patient navigation showed potential (RR = 2.18; 95 % CI: 0.53, 9.08). Innovation and inner setting were identified as potentially important factors influencing intervention implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Interventions modestly increased LCS uptake, with multi-component intervention and patient navigation showing the most promising effects. Future research should prioritize multicomponent strategies that address the entire screening continuum, equity-focused designs for priority populations, and trials in diverse international settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contributions of life-course circumstances to the cognitive function in later life: A retrospective study among Chinese older adults 生命历程环境对晚年认知功能的影响：一项中国老年人的回顾性研究。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108488

Xin Ye , Xinfeng Wang

Objective

Cognitive deterioration in older age could stem from a variety of factors during an individual's lifetime. This study aims to investigate contributions of life-course circumstances to cognitive function of Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above.

Methods

We used data on 12,394 older adults from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011–2020. Fixed-effects multivariable linear regressions accounted for repeated measures and within-person characteristics. Nested sequential regression models decomposed cognitive function, estimating relative contributions of distinct life-course domains. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition quantified group differences in cognitive performance, while heterogeneity analysis was conducted by gender, age, and residence.

Results

Early-life factors directly accounted for 28.36 % of cognitive function. For cumulative associations, the marginal association of early-life factors with cognitive function, episodic memory, and executive function generally became larger. Adulthood socioeconomic status accounted for the largest proportion (36.05 %) of cognitive function. Differences in cognitive performance were observed between males/females, pre-old/older population, and people residing in urban/rural areas.

Conclusions

Unfavorable life-course factors appeared to be associated with lower late-life cognitive function. These associations were exacerbated by cumulative socioeconomic inequalities. The results will offer insights for policy initiatives designed to reduce health inequities by focusing on multiple exposures throughout an individual's lifespan.

目的：老年人的认知衰退可能源于个体一生中的多种因素。本研究旨在探讨生命历程环境对中国60岁 及以上老年人认知功能的影响。方法：我们使用了来自2011-2020年中国健康与退休纵向研究的12394名老年人的数据。固定效应多变量线性回归解释了重复测量和个人特征。嵌套顺序回归模型分解认知功能，估计不同生命过程域的相对贡献。Blinder-Oaxaca分解量化了认知表现的组间差异，并进行了性别、年龄和居住地的异质性分析。结果：早期生活因素直接影响认知功能28.36% %。对于累积关联，早期生活因素与认知功能、情景记忆和执行功能的边际关联通常变得更大。成人社会经济地位对认知功能的影响最大（36.05 %）。认知表现在男性/女性、老年前/老年人口、城市/农村人口之间存在差异。结论：不利的生命过程因素似乎与晚年认知功能降低有关。累积的社会经济不平等加剧了这些关联。研究结果将为旨在通过关注个人一生中的多重暴露来减少健康不平等的政策举措提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

Nutritional awareness, dietary choices, and weight status 营养意识，饮食选择和体重状况

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108486

Brandon J. Restrepo

Objective

To examine the associations between regular nutritional awareness and dietary choices and weight status among U.S. adults, while accounting for unobserved household- or individual-level factors that are fixed over time.

Methods

Using 2009–2011 and 2015 data on U.S. adults from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed-effects (FE) models controlling for time-constant household- or individual-level unobserved heterogeneity were used to assess the relationships between regular nutritional awareness and dietary behaviors and weight status.

Results

Pooled OLS estimations showed statistically significant associations between regular nutritional awareness and dietary choices and weight status. Individual FE estimations attenuated these associations, making the association with weight status insignificant, but still significant for certain dietary behaviors. Controlling for permanent individual-level unobserved factors, U.S. adults with regular nutritional awareness ate less at fast-food restaurants, skipped fewer meals, drank fewer sugary beverages, controlled calories more often, and ate more fruits and vegetables.

Conclusions

Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity, such as stable food preferences and tastes, is important when evaluating the complex nexus of nutritional awareness, dietary choices, and weight status. Policies and programs promoting nutritional awareness among U.S. adults may improve certain dietary behaviors, though broader approaches may be needed to improve weight status.

目的研究美国成年人定期营养意识、饮食选择和体重状况之间的关系，同时考虑到未观察到的家庭或个人水平的因素，这些因素随着时间的推移是固定的。方法利用1997年全国青年纵向调查2009-2011年和2015年美国成年人的数据，采用合并普通最小二乘（OLS）和固定效应（FE）模型来评估常规营养意识与饮食行为和体重状况之间的关系，这些模型控制了时间常数家庭或个人水平的未观察到的异质性。结果OLS估计结果显示，常规营养意识、饮食选择和体重状况之间存在显著的统计学关联。个体FE估计减弱了这些关联，使得与体重状况的关联不显著，但对于某些饮食行为仍然显著。控制了长期的个人层面未观察到的因素，有规律营养意识的美国成年人在快餐店吃得少，少吃饭，少喝含糖饮料，经常控制卡路里，多吃水果和蔬菜。在评估营养意识、饮食选择和体重状况之间的复杂关系时，考虑未观察到的异质性（如稳定的食物偏好和口味）是很重要的。促进美国成年人营养意识的政策和项目可能会改善某些饮食行为，尽管可能需要更广泛的方法来改善体重状况。

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引用次数: 0

Training in medications for opioid use disorder and buprenorphine prescribing in the post X-waiver era: Insights from a nationwide, multispecialty survey 后x豁免时代阿片类药物使用障碍和丁丙诺啡处方的药物培训：来自全国多专业调查的见解。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108485

Sung In H. Kim-Vences , Justin Nguyen , Jacqueline M. Hirth , Kyle P. Suen , Colleen A. Keough , Roger Zoorob , Alicia A. Kowalchuk

Objective

The January 2023 repeal of the X-waiver aimed to reduce regulatory barriers to buprenorphine prescribing and enhance patient access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Its impact on prescribing by non-addiction-trained physicians, the integration of MOUD training into residency programs, and the role of mandated training on clinical practice remain unclear.

Methods

A 2024 online survey assessed physicians' awareness of the X-waiver repeal, exposure to MOUD training, and changes in buprenorphine prescribing. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the independent effect of MOUD training and whether mandatory versus voluntary formats influenced prescribing behavior.

Results

Among 959 physicians (42.7 % residents), 88.9 % endorsed the importance of treating patients with MOUD; yet 18.2 % were unaware of the repeal, and 16.8 % reported no MOUD training. Only 25.5 % of non-waivered physicians had initiated prescribing. Residents (28.8 % vs. 20.3 % among attendings; p = 0.02) and physicians in psychiatry (37.2 %), emergency medicine (36.8 %), and family medicine (32.8 %) were more likely to prescribe (p < 0.01). These differences were largely attenuated by MOUD training, which showed the strongest association with prescribing regardless of format.

Conclusions

MOUD training, whether mandatory or voluntary, was significantly associated with buprenorphine prescribing. Standardizing training across specialties and institutions may improve buprenorphine uptake.

2023年1月废除x -豁免旨在减少丁丙诺啡处方的监管障碍，并提高患者获得阿片类药物使用障碍（mod）药物的可及性。它对未接受过成瘾训练的医生开处方的影响，mod培训融入住院医师计划的影响，以及强制性培训在临床实践中的作用仍不清楚。方法：一项2024年的在线调查评估了医生对x -豁免废除的认识、接受mod培训的情况以及丁丙诺啡处方的变化。多变量逻辑回归评估了mod训练的独立效果，以及强制性和自愿形式是否影响处方行为。结果：959名医生（42.7 %居民）中，88.9% %赞同治疗mod患者的重要性；然而，18.2 %的人不知道废除，16.8 %的人没有接受mod培训。只有25.5% %的非豁免医生已经开始开处方。住院医师（28.8 % vs. 20.3 %;p = 0.02）和精神病学（37.2% %）、急诊医学（36.8 %）和家庭医学（32.8 %）的医生更有可能开丁丙诺啡处方（p ）结论：无论是强制性的还是自愿的，MOUD培训与丁丙诺啡处方显著相关。跨专业和机构的标准化培训可以提高丁丙诺啡的摄取。

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引用次数: 0

Self-report physical activity instruments for United States adults: A systematic review of initial validation studies 美国成年人自我报告的身体活动工具：对初始验证研究的系统回顾。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108477

Dennis Miezah , Elizabeth Helena Fraser , Ling Shi , Laura Hayman

Objective

To examine the methodological rigor and psychometric reporting of self-report physical activity (SRPA) instruments for adults, focusing on their initial validation studies.

Methods

A systematic literature review, guided by PRISMA, was conducted to identify SRPA instruments reporting initial validation of psychometric development from 1985 to July 2025. Five databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PsycTests, and Web of Science were searched. The International Centre for Allied Health Evidence (iCAHE) Ready Reckoner was used to appraise instrument psychometric properties.

Results

Nine SRPA instruments were identified and evaluated. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity demonstrated the highest methodological rigor, with strong validity, ease of use, and broad applicability. The 7-Day Physical Activity Recall and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly had good psychometric support but were more burdensome to administer. Common limitations included incomplete reporting of reliability and dimensionality.

Conclusion

The SRPA instruments vary in quality and feasibility. Selection should align with study objectives, population characteristics, and the specific psychometric strengths and limitations identified in each instrument.

目的：探讨成人身体活动自我报告（SRPA）量表的方法学严谨性和心理测量报告性，重点介绍其初步验证研究。方法：在PRISMA的指导下，对1985年至2025年7月报告心理测量发展初步验证的SRPA仪器进行系统文献综述。检索PubMed、PsycINFO、Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health、PsycTests和Web of Science 5个数据库。使用国际联合健康证据中心（iCAHE） Ready Reckoner来评估仪器的心理测量特性。结果：鉴定并评价了9种SRPA器械。《国际体育活动问卷简表与体育活动快速评估》在方法上的严谨性最高，具有很强的效度、易用性和广泛的适用性。老年人7天体力活动回忆和体力活动量表具有良好的心理支持，但管理负担较重。常见的限制包括不完整的可靠性和维度报告。结论：SRPA仪器的质量和可行性参差不齐。选择应与研究目标、人群特征以及每种工具中确定的特定心理测量优势和局限性相一致。

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引用次数: 0

Adolescent leisure-time physical activity types and cardiometabolic health in mid-adulthood: Findings from an Australian cohort 青少年休闲时间的体育活动类型与成年中期的心脏代谢健康：来自澳大利亚队列的研究结果

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108476

Kelcie Miller , Brooklyn Fraser , Seana Gall , Terence Dwyer , Alison Venn , Verity Cleland

Objective

Adolescent leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with favourable cardiometabolic health, yet the influence of specific LTPA types and longer-term outcomes remains unclear. This study investigated whether adolescent participation in specific LTPA types is associated with cardiometabolic health in mid-adulthood.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study, an Australian cohort spanning childhood to mid-adulthood. LTPA at age 15–19 years was retrospectively assessed in 2004–2006 using the Historical Leisure Activity Questionnaire, with activities grouped into 16 categories. Cardiometabolic measures (waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol) were collected at age 36–49 years (2014–2019). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a continuous MetS score were derived.

Results

Analyses included 1232 participants. In males, adolescent football and weight training were associated with a lower risk of MetS in mid-adulthood, while action sports were linked to higher risk. Among females, action sports and running were associated with better cardiometabolic profiles in midlife, whereas martial arts were associated with poorer outcomes.

Conclusions

Associations between adolescent LTPA and mid-adult cardiometabolic health varied by activity type and sex. Findings suggest specific adolescent activities may better promote cardiometabolic health into mid-adulthood, yet further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms.

青少年休闲时间体育活动（LTPA）与良好的心脏代谢健康有关，但具体的LTPA类型和长期结果的影响尚不清楚。本研究调查了青少年参与特定LTPA类型是否与成年中期的心脏代谢健康相关。方法数据来自成人健康的儿童决定因素研究，这是一项澳大利亚队列研究，涵盖童年至成年中期。在2004-2006年，使用历史休闲活动问卷对15-19岁儿童的长期休闲活动进行回顾性评估，并将活动分为16类。在年龄36-49岁（2014-2019）时收集心脏代谢测量（腰围、血压、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）。代谢综合征（MetS）和连续的MetS评分被导出。结果共纳入1232名参与者。在男性中，青少年足球和重量训练与中年时较低的MetS风险相关，而极限运动与较高的风险相关。在女性中，极限运动和跑步与中年时更好的心脏代谢状况有关，而武术则与较差的结果有关。结论青少年LTPA与中年成人心脏代谢健康的关系因运动类型和性别而异。研究结果表明，特定的青少年活动可能更好地促进心脏代谢健康，直到成年中期，但需要进一步的研究来了解潜在的机制。

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