Preventive medicine最新文献_第5页

Sex differences in tobacco use, attempts to quit smoking, and cessation among dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: Longitudinal findings from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study 香烟和电子烟双重使用者在烟草使用、戒烟尝试和戒烟方面的性别差异：美国烟草与健康人口评估研究的纵向发现。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108112

Elias M. Klemperer , Loren Kock , Marc Jerome P. Feinstein , Sulamunn R.M. Coleman , Diann E. Gaalema , Stephen T. Higgins

Significance

A growing number of adults use more than one tobacco product, with dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes being the most common combination. Monitoring sex disparities in tobacco use is a public health priority. However, little is known regarding whether dual users differ by sex.

Methods

Data came from Waves 4–6 (12/2016–11/2021) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a US nationally-representative longitudinal survey. This analysis included current adult dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. We used weighted generalized estimating equations to assess the association between sex and (1) making a cigarette quit attempt (n = 1882 observations from n = 1526 individuals) and (2) smoking cessation (n = 2081 observations from n = 1688 individuals) across two wave pairs, adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, time-to-first cigarette after waking, and e-cigarette use frequency.

Results

Among US dual users, 14.1% (95% Confidence Intervals [Cl] = 11.9–16.4) of females and 23.4% (20.0–26.9) of males were young adults (aged 18–24), 11.7% (9.2–14.2) of females and 14.4% (11.6–17.2) of males had <high school education, and 82.2% (79.4–84.5) of females and 78.7% (75.1–82.4) of males were white. Overall, 44.9% (41.6–48.1) of females compared with 37.4% (33.5–41.3) of males made an attempt to quit smoking between a baseline and follow-up wave (Adjusted Risk Ratio [ARR] = 1.23, 1.05–1.45). In contrast, there were no apparent differences between females (22.1%, 19.0–25.2) and males (24.3%, 21.5–27.1) in smoking cessation (ARR = 1.06, 0.84–1.35).

Conclusion

US females who dually use e-cigarettes and cigarettes were more likely to attempt to quit smoking, but not more likely to succeed at quitting, than males.

意义重大：越来越多的成年人使用一种以上的烟草产品，最常见的组合是同时使用香烟和电子烟。监测烟草使用的性别差异是公共卫生的当务之急。然而，人们对双重使用者在性别上是否存在差异知之甚少：数据来自美国全国代表性纵向调查 "烟草与健康人群评估研究 "的第 4-6 波（2016 年 12 月至 2021 年 11 月）。这项分析包括当前的卷烟和电子烟双重使用者。我们使用加权广义估计方程来评估性别与（1）尝试戒烟（n = 1526 人中的 1882 个观测值）和（2）戒烟（n = 1688 人中的 2081 个观测值）之间的关联，并对年龄、教育程度、种族、起床后第一次吸烟的时间和电子烟使用频率进行了调整：在美国的双重使用者中，14.1%（95% 置信区间 [Cl] = 11.9-16.4）的女性和 23.4%（20.0-26.9）的男性为年轻成年人（18-24 岁），11.7%（9.2-14.2）的女性和 14.4%（11.6-17.2）的男性为康奈尔人：与男性相比，同时使用电子烟和香烟的美国女性更有可能尝试戒烟，但成功戒烟的可能性并不大。

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引用次数: 0

Moral injury among women military veterans and demand for cigarettes: A behavioral economic investigation using a hypothetical purchase task 女退伍军人的道德伤害与香烟需求：使用假设购买任务的行为经济学调查。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108036

Justin T. McDaniel , Ryan Redner , Jolie N. Haun , Patrick McCowen , Stephen T. Higgins

Objectives

Unlike the United States general population, veteran women – as opposed to veteran men – have greater smoking prevalence; yet, little is known regarding factors that influence smoking in veteran women. The purpose of this study was to begin examining the relationship between a psychological concept known as moral injury and demand for cigarettes among veteran women.

Methods

Veteran women who smoke (n = 44) were recruited for this cross-sectional study from Amazon MTurk, Reddit, and a veteran-serving non-profit organization in June–July 2023. Consenting participants received $2 for completing the cigarette purchase task (CPT), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and the military version of the Moral Injury Symptom Scale (MISS-M-SF). We examined five CPT demand indices and calculated a modified exponential demand model stratified by moral injury severity status (i.e., probable vs. unlikely).

Results

Probable morally injured women exhibited significantly higher relative reinforcing value (RRV) for smoking than unlikely morally injured women (F_{1, 920} = 9.16, p = 0.003). Average cigarette consumption at $0 (i.e., Q₀) was 48.56% higher (M = 22.24 vs. M = 13.55) in probable compared to unlikely morally injured women (p = 0.04, Hedge's g = 0.74). FTND scores were significantly correlated with P_max (i.e., demand elasticity point) and O_max (i.e., maximum expenditure) values in both populations (rs = 0.42–0.68, ps < 0.05).

Conclusions

We provide preliminary evidence of the relatively high RRV of smoking in morally injured veteran women. Continued research is needed to refine the characterization of this relationship.

目的：与美国普通人群不同，退伍女性（相对于退伍男性）的吸烟率更高；然而，人们对影响退伍女性吸烟的因素知之甚少。本研究的目的是开始研究一种被称为道德伤害的心理概念与退伍妇女对香烟需求之间的关系：这项横断面研究于 2023 年 6 月至 7 月间从亚马逊 MTurk、Reddit 和一家为退伍军人服务的非营利组织招募了吸烟的退伍女性（n = 44）。获得同意的参与者在完成香烟购买任务（CPT）、法格斯托姆尼古丁依赖测试（FTND）和军事版道德伤害症状量表（MISS-M-SF）后可获得 2 美元。我们研究了五项 CPT 需求指数，并计算了按精神伤害严重程度分层（即可能与不可能）的修正指数需求模型：结果：可能受到精神伤害的女性对吸烟的相对强化价值（RRV）明显高于不可能受到精神伤害的女性（F1，920 = 9.16，P = 0.003）。与不可能受到精神伤害的女性相比，可能受到精神伤害的女性在 0 元（即 Q0）时的平均吸烟量高出 48.56%（M = 22.24 vs. M = 13.55）（p = 0.04，Hedge's g = 0.74）。在这两个人群中，FTND 分数与 Pmax（即需求弹性点）和 Omax（即最大支出）值有明显相关性（rs = 0.42-0.68, ps 结论：我们提供的初步证据表明，在精神受伤的退伍女性中，吸烟的 RRV 相对较高。需要继续研究以完善这种关系的特征。

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引用次数: 0

Transitions between smoking and vaping: Evidence (or lack thereof) on potential differences by gender and sex 吸烟与吸食电子烟之间的过渡：关于性别和性潜在差异的证据（或缺乏证据

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107974

Jamie Hartmann-Boyce , Monserrat Conde , Eliza Zhitnik , Jazmine Chan , Rachna Begh , Nancy A. Rigotti , Nicola Lindson

Objective

To synthesize existing evidence on possible differential effects by sex and gender from two Cochrane reviews evaluating vaping and smoking transitions.

Methods

We screened included studies from two Cochrane reviews for studies reporting smoking outcomes based on gender or sex. The first review examines the effects of using e-cigarettes to help people quit smoking and includes randomized controlled trials and uncontrolled intervention studies published to July 2023. The second review aims to assess the evidence on the relationship between the use and availability of e-cigarettes and subsequent smoking in young people (aged 29 and younger) and includes quasi-experimental and cohort studies published to April 2023. Due to the paucity and heterogeneity of data, we report results narratively.

Results

10 of 161 studies included in the two relevant reviews met our criteria. Only five reported analyzing whether observed effects or associations varied based on sex and/or gender. A further three provided relevant descriptive information, and two did not report overall outcomes regarding vaping and smoking transitions but did investigate whether these differed by sex/gender. Synthesized data were largely inconclusive, but there was some suggestion that vaping was more strongly associated with subsequent smoking in young males than females. No studies reported data on nonbinary participants.

Conclusions

Despite plausible reasons why sex and gender may be moderators of vaping and smoking transitions, there is little evidence investigating this. Future studies of vaping and smoking transitions should conduct and report analyses investigating potential differences based on sex and gender.

综合两篇 Cochrane 综述报告中关于吸食电子烟和吸烟过渡可能产生的性别差异效应的现有证据。我们筛选了两篇 Cochrane 综述中的纳入研究，以寻找根据性别报告吸烟结果的研究。第一篇综述研究了使用电子烟帮助人们戒烟的效果，包括截至 2023 年 7 月发表的随机对照试验和非对照干预研究。第二篇综述旨在评估电子烟的使用和供应与年轻人（29 岁及以下）随后吸烟之间关系的证据，包括截至 2023 年 4 月发表的准实验研究和队列研究。由于数据的稀缺性和异质性，我们以叙述方式报告结果。在两篇相关综述收录的 161 项研究中，有 10 项符合我们的标准。只有 5 项研究报告分析了观察到的效应或关联是否因性别和/或性取向而异。另有三项研究提供了相关的描述性信息，两项研究没有报告有关吸食和吸烟转变的总体结果，但调查了这些结果是否因性别而异。综合数据基本上没有定论，但有一些迹象表明，与女性相比，年轻男性吸食电子烟与随后吸烟的关系更为密切。没有研究报告非二元参与者的数据。尽管性别和性取向可能是影响吸烟和吸烟转变的因素，但这方面的证据很少。未来有关吸食电子烟和吸烟过渡的研究应该对基于性别的潜在差异进行调查分析并做出报告。

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引用次数: 0

Smoking cessation among sexual minority women: Differences in cigarette quit ratios across age, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation 性少数群体女性的戒烟情况：不同年龄、种族/族裔和性取向的戒烟率差异。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108035

Josephine T. Hinds , Stephen T. Russell , Andrea H. Weinberger

Objective

Sexual minority (SM) women experience tobacco-related disparities and report a higher prevalence of cigarette use, as well as subgroup differences in use, but little is known about their quitting behavior. This study used data from a national sample of United States SM women to examine cigarette quit ratios overall and by age, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation.

Methods

Using baseline survey data from the Generations Study (2016–2017, N = 812), we calculated quit ratios among SM women reporting lifetime smoking (100+ cigarettes) who reported currently smoking “not at all” relative to those reporting smoking “every day or some days.” Quitting was compared across cohort, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation, controlling for household income.

Results

SM women reporting lifetime smoking in the older cohort were significantly more likely to report quitting than those in the younger cohort. Bisexual women also reported a greater likelihood of quitting than gay/lesbian women. There was no association between race/ethnicity and the probability of quitting smoking.

Conclusions

SM women remain a priority for tobacco prevention and cessation efforts. There is evidence that the probability of quitting cigarettes differs across sexual orientation and age cohorts, which has implications for tailoring of interventions and tobacco communications.

目的：性少数群体（SM）女性经历了与烟草相关的差异，报告了较高的香烟使用率，以及使用方面的亚群体差异，但对她们的戒烟行为却知之甚少。本研究利用美国性少数群体妇女的全国样本数据，研究了总体戒烟率以及不同年龄、种族/民族和性取向的戒烟率：利用 "世代研究"（2016-2017 年，N = 812）的基线调查数据，我们计算了报告终生吸烟（100 支以上）且报告目前 "完全不吸烟 "的 SM 女性相对于报告 "每天或有些日子吸烟 "的 SM 女性的戒烟率。在控制家庭收入的前提下，对不同组群、种族/民族和性取向的戒烟情况进行了比较：报告终生吸烟的老年组群中的 SM 女性报告戒烟的可能性明显高于年轻组群中的女性。双性恋女性戒烟的可能性也高于同性恋女性。种族/民族与戒烟概率之间没有关联：SM女性仍然是烟草预防和戒烟工作的重点。有证据表明，不同性取向和不同年龄组别的戒烟概率是不同的，这对有针对性的干预措施和烟草宣传具有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Reprint of: Clustering of behavioral economic biases in decision-making and risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use in women and men 重印本：决策中的行为经济学偏差与女性和男性吸烟及其他药物使用风险的聚类。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108093

Eric A. Thrailkill , Michael DeSarno , Stephen T. Higgins

Background

Low loss aversion (LA) and high delay discounting (DD) are behavioral-economic decision-making biases that independently predict cigarette smoking and other risky substance use. Here we examine (1) whether low-LA and high-DD co-occur, (2) does co-occurrence increase the odds of current smoking and other substance use compared to only low-LA, high-DD, or neither; and (3) potential gender differences in these associations.

Method

Data are from five studies with U.S. adults who currently smoked or never-smoked cigarettes recruited using online convenience sampling matching on gender and education. Participants completed identical sociodemographic, substance use (cigarette, other drugs, alcohol), and LA (hypothetical 50–50 gambles) and DD (monetary-choice questionnaire) measures. LA and DD scores were dichotomized as low and high using Receiver-Operating-Characteristic Curve logistic regression.

Results

LA and DD each independently predicted substance use and with few exceptions were not influenced by gender. Low-LA compared to high-LA predicted two-fold greater odds of co-occurring high-DD (AOR = 2.120, 95%CI:1.749–2.571, p < .0001). Similarly, high-DD compared to low DD predicted two-fold greater odds of low-LA (AOR = 2.118, 95%CI:1.747–2.568, p < .0001). Among those with co-occurring low-LA and high-DD, odds of substance use were 5–10 times greater than those exhibiting neither, and 2–3 times greater than those exhibiting only low-LA or high-DD.

Conclusions

Low-LA and high-DD cluster in women and men such that exhibiting one of these decision-making biases doubles the odds of exhibiting the other. These results demonstrate reliable clustering of low-LA and high-DD and a striking increase in risk for substance use relative to having only one or neither decision-making bias.

背景：低损失厌恶（LA）和高延迟贴现（DD）是行为经济决策偏差，可独立预测吸烟和其他危险物质的使用。在此，我们研究了（1）低LA和高DD是否同时存在；（2）与仅低LA、高DD或两者均不存在相比，同时存在是否会增加当前吸烟和使用其他药物的几率；以及（3）这些关联中潜在的性别差异：数据来自五项研究，研究对象为美国成年人，他们目前吸烟或从未吸烟，研究采用在线便利抽样的方式，根据性别和教育程度进行匹配。参与者完成了相同的社会人口学、药物使用（香烟、其他药物、酒精）、LA（假设五五分成赌博）和 DD（货币选择问卷）测量。使用接收器-操作-特征曲线逻辑回归法将LA和DD得分分为低分和高分：结果：LA 和 DD 均可独立预测药物使用情况，除少数例外情况外，不受性别影响。低 LA 与高 LA 相比，并发高 DD 的几率要高出两倍（AOR = 2.120，95%CI:1.749-2.571, p 结论：低 LA 和高 DD 聚类在一起：低LA和高DD在女性和男性中聚集，表现出其中一种决策偏差会使表现出另一种决策偏差的几率增加一倍。这些结果表明，低LA和高DD具有可靠的聚集性，相对于只有一种或两种决策偏差，使用药物的风险显著增加。

{"title":"Reprint of: Clustering of behavioral economic biases in decision-making and risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use in women and men","authors":"Eric A. Thrailkill , Michael DeSarno , Stephen T. Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low loss aversion (LA) and high delay discounting (DD) are behavioral-economic decision-making biases that independently predict cigarette smoking and other risky substance use. Here we examine (1) whether low-LA and high-DD co-occur, (2) does co-occurrence increase the odds of current smoking and other substance use compared to only low-LA, high-DD, or neither; and (3) potential gender differences in these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data are from five studies with U.S. adults who currently smoked or never-smoked cigarettes recruited using online convenience sampling matching on gender and education. Participants completed identical sociodemographic, substance use (cigarette, other drugs, alcohol), and LA (hypothetical 50–50 gambles) and DD (monetary-choice questionnaire) measures. LA and DD scores were dichotomized as low and high using Receiver-Operating-Characteristic Curve logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LA and DD each independently predicted substance use and with few exceptions were not influenced by gender. Low-LA compared to high-LA predicted two-fold greater odds of co-occurring high-DD (AOR = 2.120, 95%CI:1.749–2.571, <em>p</em> < .0001). Similarly, high-DD compared to low DD predicted two-fold greater odds of low-LA (AOR = 2.118, 95%CI:1.747–2.568, <em>p</em> < .0001). Among those with co-occurring low-LA and high-DD, odds of substance use were 5–10 times greater than those exhibiting neither, and 2–3 times greater than those exhibiting only low-LA or high-DD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Low-LA and high-DD cluster in women and men such that exhibiting one of these decision-making biases doubles the odds of exhibiting the other. These results demonstrate reliable clustering of low-LA and high-DD and a striking increase in risk for substance use relative to having only one or neither decision-making bias.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 108093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reprint of: Sex differences in appeal, reward, and sensory experience of E-cigarette flavors among adults who smoke cigarettes 转载：吸烟成年人在电子烟口味的吸引力、奖励和感官体验方面的性别差异。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108114

Danielle R. Davis , Eugenia Buta , Barry Green , Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin

Objective

Flavors enhance nicotine e-cigarette appeal by altering sensory experience. Females may be more sensitive to tobacco-associated cues and uniquely affected by flavor. The current study is an exploratory analysis to examine differences by sex on reward, appeal, and sensory experience of popular e-cigarette flavors.

Methods

Adults (N = 121) who use cigarettes (≥1 cigarette/day) were enrolled in a laboratory study in which they vaped four e-cigarette flavors (tobacco, cherry, menthol, vanilla; in separate lab sessions) in one of two freebase nicotine concentrations (6 mg/ml,18 mg/ml). Following exposures, participants rated e-cigarette reward using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ), flavor and overall e-cigarette appeal using Labeled Hedonic Scales (LHS), and intensity of flavor, irritation, coolness, fruitiness, and sweetness using Generalized Labeled Magnitude Scales (gLMS). Linear mixed models were conducted for outcomes to analyze effects of sex, flavor, and sex x flavor interaction.

Results

For DEQ ratings, there was a trend (p = .08) toward a sex x flavor interaction, in which menthol flavor produced more reward than other flavors for females, but not males. For LHS ratings, there was a significant sex x flavor interaction (p = .03) for overall e-cigarette experience with females but not males rating menthol higher than other flavors. All gLMS scales but irritation showed that females generally had greater differences between flavors compared to males (ps ≤ 0.03).

Conclusion

Menthol in e-cigarettes may play an important role in mediating appeal and/or reward among females. This may be due in part to their ability to better detect sensory effects of e-cigarettes.

目的：香料通过改变感官体验来增强尼古丁电子烟的吸引力。女性可能对烟草相关线索更敏感，受香味的影响也更独特。目前的研究是一项探索性分析，旨在研究流行电子烟口味的奖励、吸引力和感官体验方面的性别差异：使用香烟（≥1 支/天）的成年人（N = 121）参加了一项实验室研究，他们在两种游离尼古丁浓度（6 毫克/毫升、18 毫克/毫升）中的一种中吸食了四种电子烟口味（烟草、樱桃、薄荷、香草；分别在不同的实验室环节中进行）。接触后，参与者使用药物效应问卷（DEQ）对电子烟的奖励进行评分，使用标签式享乐量表（LHS）对电子烟的味道和整体吸引力进行评分，使用广义标签式量表（gLMS）对味道的强度、刺激性、凉爽感、果味和甜味进行评分。结果采用线性混合模型来分析性别、口味和性别 x 口味交互作用的影响：在 DEQ 评分中，存在性别 x 味道交互作用的趋势（p = 0.08），其中女性的薄荷味道比其他味道产生更多奖励，而男性则没有。在 LHS 评分中，性别与口味的交互作用（p = 0.03）对电子烟的整体体验有显著影响，女性对薄荷口味的评分高于其他口味，而男性则没有。除刺激性外，所有 gLMS 量表均显示女性与男性相比在不同口味之间的差异更大（ps ≤ 0.03）：结论：电子烟中的薄荷醇可能对女性的吸引力和/或奖励起着重要的中介作用。结论：电子烟中的薄荷醇可能在调解对女性的吸引力和/或奖励方面发挥了重要作用，部分原因可能是女性能够更好地检测电子烟的感官效果。

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引用次数: 0

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): Frequency of use and smoking-cessation efforts among U.S. women of reproductive age 电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）：美国育龄妇女的使用频率和戒烟努力。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108020

Sulamunn R.M. Coleman , Janice Y. Bunn , Elias M. Klemperer , Marc Jerome P. Feinstein , Stephen T. Higgins

Objective

Reducing harm from combustible cigarette use among women of reproductive age (WRA) is critical given their potential vulnerability to multigenerational adverse impacts of cigarette smoking. Although electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are not approved smoking cessation aids in the US, many WRA who smoke report using ENDS to help quit smoking. Associations between ENDS use patterns and smoking-cessation efforts among US WRA remain unclear.

Methods

Using the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we examined whether baseline (Wave 3 or 4) ENDS use frequency predicted (a) making a cigarette quit attempt (QA) and (b) successful quitting by follow-up (Wave 4 or 5, respectively) among WRA (N = 2834; 72.1% non-Hispanic White).

Results

Daily ENDS use predicted greater adjusted odds of making a QA than non-daily (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.59) and no ENDS use (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.23, 3.14), and greater odds of successful smoking cessation than non-daily use (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.31, 4.26). Daily ENDS use did not significantly improve odds of successful smoking cessation compared to no ENDS use (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 0.97, 2.69). Non-daily ENDS use did not significantly improve odds of making a QA (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.94, 1.56) and hindered successful smoking cessation compared to no ENDS use (AOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48, 0.98).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that benefits of ENDS for smoking cessation in WRA may be greatest among those who use ENDS daily. WRA who choose to use ENDS to help quit would be well-informed by evidence that non-daily ENDS use may impede smoking cessation.

目的：鉴于育龄妇女（WRA）可能容易受到吸烟带来的多代不良影响，减少她们使用可燃卷烟的危害至关重要。尽管电子尼古丁递送系统（ENDS）在美国未被批准为戒烟辅助工具，但许多吸烟的育龄妇女表示使用ENDS来帮助戒烟。美国 WRA 使用 ENDS 的模式与戒烟努力之间的关系仍不清楚：利用烟草与健康人群评估（PATH）研究，我们研究了ENDS的基线使用频率（第3或第4波）是否预示着WRA（人数=2834；72.1%为非西班牙裔白人）中（a）尝试戒烟（QA）和（b）在随访（分别为第4或第5波）时成功戒烟：与非每日使用（AOR = 1.63，95% CI = 1.03，2.59）和不使用ENDS（AOR = 1.97，95% CI = 1.23，3.14）相比，每日使用ENDS可预测更高的调整后QA几率，与非每日使用（AOR = 2.37，95% CI = 1.31，4.26）相比，可预测更高的成功戒烟几率。与不使用ENDS相比，每天使用ENDS并不能显著提高成功戒烟的几率（AOR = 1.62，95% CI = 0.97，2.69）。与不使用ENDS相比，非每天使用ENDS并不能明显提高做出质量评估的几率（AOR = 1.21，95% CI = 0.94，1.56），而且会阻碍成功戒烟（AOR = 0.68，95% CI = 0.48，0.98）：这些研究结果表明，在每天使用ENDS的WRA中，ENDS对戒烟的益处可能最大。有证据表明，非每天使用ENDS可能会妨碍戒烟，这对选择使用ENDS帮助戒烟的WRA来说是一个很好的信息。

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引用次数: 0

E-cigarette use and respiratory illnesses among U.S. adults: An analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study 美国成年人使用电子烟与呼吸道疾病：烟草与健康人口评估研究分析。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108118

Adriana M. Eugene , Luisa N. Borrell

Introduction

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) entered the United States marketplace in 2007. Because of the chemical composition of e-cigarette liquid, there are concerns related to its effects on respiratory illnesses.

Methods

Using Wave 4 (2016–2018) of the adult (≥18 years of age) Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, logistic regression was used to quantify the association between e-cigarette use and any respiratory illness (asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, emphysema, or other lung or respiratory conditions). Age, gender, and the use of other tobacco products were assessed as modifiers of this relationship via interactions on the additive and multiplicative scales.

Results

After adjustment, ever e-cigarette use was associated with a 1.32 (95 % confidence intervals [CI]:1.03, 1.69) greater odds of any respiratory illness compared with never e-cigarette users among U.S. adults. When comparing ever and never e-cigarette users, older adults (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.65, 95 %CI:1.20, 2.26), and ever users of other tobacco products (OR = 1.77, 95 %CI:1.37, 2.29) had greater odds of reporting any respiratory illness than younger adults and those who never used other tobacco products. Among never e-cigarette users, men (OR = 1.51, 95 %CI:1.12, 2.04) were less likely to report any respiratory illness than women. Only the joint effect of age and e-cigarette use on any respiratory illness was statistically significant, suggesting this effect was greater than expected on the additive and multiplicative scales.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the relationship between e-cigarette use and any respiratory illness varies with age. Interventions and policies to reduce e-cigarette use should target high-risk groups for any respiratory illness.

导言：电子香烟于 2007 年进入美国市场。由于电子烟液体的化学成分，人们担心其对呼吸系统疾病的影响：利用成人（≥18 岁）烟草与健康人口评估研究的第 4 波（2016-2018 年），使用逻辑回归量化电子烟使用与任何呼吸系统疾病（哮喘、慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺气肿或其他肺部或呼吸系统疾病）之间的关联。年龄、性别和使用其他烟草产品的情况通过加法和乘法量表上的交互作用被评估为这一关系的调节因素：经调整后，在美国成年人中，与从未使用过电子烟的人相比，曾经使用过电子烟的人患任何呼吸道疾病的几率比从未使用过电子烟的人高出 1.32（95 % 置信区间 [CI]：1.03, 1.69）。与曾经和从未使用过电子烟的人群相比，老年人（Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.65，95 %CI:1.20, 2.26）和曾经使用过其他烟草制品的人群（OR = 1.77，95 %CI:1.37, 2.29）报告患有任何呼吸道疾病的几率要高于年轻人和从未使用过其他烟草制品的人群。在从未使用过电子烟的人群中，男性（OR = 1.51，95 %CI:1.12, 2.04）报告任何呼吸道疾病的几率低于女性。只有年龄和使用电子烟对任何呼吸道疾病的共同影响具有统计学意义，表明这种影响大于加法和乘法量表的预期：这些研究结果表明，使用电子烟与任何呼吸道疾病之间的关系因年龄而异。减少电子烟使用的干预措施和政策应针对任何呼吸道疾病的高危人群。

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引用次数: 0

Differential effects of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular disease in females: A narrative review and call to action 吸烟对女性心血管疾病的不同影响：叙述性综述和行动呼吁。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108013

Diann E. Gaalema , Joseph Allencherril , Sherrie Khadanga , Elias Klemperer

Objective

Cigarette smoking continues to be a major driver in the incidence and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As females become an increasingly larger fraction of those who smoke it is imperative that the sex-specific effects of smoking be further explored and acted upon.

Methods

This narrative review describes current evidence on the differential effects of smoking on CVD in females and the need to improve treatment.

Results

Evidence to date suggests that smoking has disproportionately negative effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system in females, especially in those who are younger. Usually, the onset of CVD is later in females than males, but smoking decreases or eliminates this gap. Females are also more likely to develop types of CVD closely tied to smoking, such as ST-elevated myocardial infarctions, with even higher rates among those who are younger. Possible mechanisms for these worse outcomes in females include a complex interplay between nicotine, other products of combusted cigarettes, and hormones. Sex differences also exist in treatment for smoking. In females, Varenicline appears more effective than either Bupropion or nicotine replacement therapy while in males, all three therapies show similar efficacy. Disparities in smoking are also apparent in secondary prevention settings. Females and males are entering secondary prevention with equal rates of smoking, with potentially higher levels of exposure to the byproducts of smoking in females.

Conclusions

These disproportionately negative outcomes for females who smoke require additional research and these persisting rates of smoking suggest a need for female-specific approaches for treating smoking.

目的：吸烟仍然是导致心血管疾病（CVD）发病和恶化的主要因素。随着女性吸烟者的比例越来越大，必须进一步探讨吸烟的性别特异性影响并采取相应措施：本叙述性综述介绍了吸烟对女性心血管疾病的不同影响的现有证据以及改善治疗的必要性：迄今为止的证据表明，吸烟对女性心血管系统的负面影响尤为严重，尤其是对年轻女性。通常，女性心血管疾病的发病时间晚于男性，但吸烟会缩小或消除这一差距。女性也更容易患上与吸烟密切相关的心血管疾病，如ST段抬高型心肌梗死，而年轻女性的发病率更高。女性吸烟导致不良后果的可能机制包括尼古丁、燃烧香烟的其他产物和荷尔蒙之间复杂的相互作用。在吸烟治疗方面也存在性别差异。在女性中，伐尼克兰似乎比安非他酮或尼古丁替代疗法更有效，而在男性中，这三种疗法显示出相似的疗效。在二级预防中，吸烟率的差异也很明显。女性和男性在进入二级预防时的吸烟率相当，而女性接触吸烟副产品的程度可能更高：女性吸烟者的这些不成比例的负面结果需要更多的研究，而这些持续存在的吸烟率表明，需要采取针对女性的方法来治疗吸烟。

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引用次数: 0

Reprint of: Examining U.S. disparities in smoking among rural versus urban women of reproductive age: 2002–2019 重印本：研究美国农村与城市育龄妇女吸烟的差异：2002-2019 年。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108115

Stephen T. Higgins , Tyler Erath , Fang-Fang Chen

Objective

This study is part of a programmatic investigation of rural disparities in cigarette smoking examining disparities in smoking prevalence and for the first-time quit ratios among adult women of reproductive age (18–44 years), a highly vulnerable population due to risk for multigenerational adverse effects.

Methods

Data came from 18 years (2002–2019) of the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) among women (n = 280,626) categorized by rural-urban residence, pregnancy status, using weighted logistic regression models testing time trends and controlling for well-established sociodemographic predictors of smoking (race/ethnicity, education, income). Concerns regarding changes in survey methods used before 2002 and after 2019 precluded inclusion of earlier and more recent survey years in the present study.

Results

Overall smoking prevalence across years was greater in rural than urban residents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.11; 95%CI, 1.07–1.15; P < .001) including those not-pregnant (AOR = 1.10; 1.07–1.14; P < .001) and pregnant (AOR = 1.29; 1.09–1.52; P < .001). Overall quit ratios across years were lower in rural than urban residents (AOR = 0.93; 0.87–0.99; P < .001) including those not-pregnant (AOR = 0.93; 0.88–1.00, P = .035) and pregnant (AOR = 0.78; 0.62–0.99; P = .039). Interactions of rural versus urban residence with study years for prevalence and quit ratios overall and by pregnancy status are detailed in the main text.

Conclusions

These results support a longstanding and robust rural disparity in smoking prevalence among women of reproductive age including those currently pregnant and provides novel evidence that differences in smoking cessation contribute to this disparity further underscoring a need for greater access to evidence-based tobacco control and regulatory interventions in rural regions.

研究目的本研究是对农村地区吸烟差异进行的一项计划性调查的一部分，调查对象为育龄成年女性（18-44 岁）中吸烟率和首次戒烟率的差异：数据来自美国全国药物使用和健康调查（NSDUH）18 年（2002-2019 年）的数据，按城乡居住地和怀孕状况对妇女（n = 280,626 人）进行分类，使用加权逻辑回归模型检验时间趋势，并控制已确立的吸烟社会人口预测因素（种族/民族、教育、收入）。考虑到 2002 年之前和 2019 年之后调查方法的变化，本研究未将较早和较近的调查年份纳入其中：结果：农村居民在不同年份的总体吸烟率高于城市居民（调整后的几率比 [AOR] = 1.11；95%CI，1.07-1.15；P 结论：这些结果支持了农村居民吸烟率的长期稳健增长：这些结果表明，农村育龄妇女（包括怀孕妇女）的吸烟率长期存在巨大差异，并提供了新的证据表明，戒烟方面的差异导致了这种差异，这进一步强调了农村地区需要更多的循证烟草控制和监管干预措施。

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引用次数: 0