Preventive medicine最新文献_第10页

Association between obesity phenotypes and dietary patterns: A two-step cluster analysis based on the China multi-ethnic cohort study 肥胖表型与膳食模式之间的关系：基于中国多民族队列研究的两步聚类分析。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108100

Yuxin Hu, Yuxin Zhang, Jianqin Zhong, Yuan Wang, Enhui Zhou, Feng Hong

Objective

This study aimed to explore obesity phenotypes and investigate their association with dietary patterns.

Methods

Data were obtained from the baseline survey conducted in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study from July 2018 to August 2019. All participants with a body mass index of at least 24 kg/m² were enrolled and underwent a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and clinical laboratory tests. A two-step cluster analysis was employed to classify the participants into phenotypes. Dietary information was collected using the food frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis was conducted to identify distinct dietary patterns.

Results

We analyzed the data of 8757 participants. They were categorized based on demographic characteristics, biochemical indicators, and anthropometric measurements into two distinct clusters identified as metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Key predictors included serum uric acid, sex, and diastolic blood pressure. Subgroup analysis by sex identified three distinct clusters within both male and female participants. The MUO group had the highest prevalence of a range of chronic noncommunicable diseases. The analysis uncovered three unique dietary patterns among participants classified as the premium protein, rice-oil-red meat, and oil-salt patterns. Notably, the MUO subgroup demonstrated significantly higher factor scores for both the rice-oil-red meat and oil-salt patterns.

Conclusions

Obesity phenotypes are closely related to metabolic and demographic characteristics, with serum uric acid being a significant factor in categorizing the metabolic states of obesity. The rice-oil-red meat and oil-salt patterns may be related to the metabolic status of individuals with obesity.

研究目的本研究旨在探索肥胖表型并研究其与膳食模式的关联：数据来自 2018 年 7 月至 2019 年 8 月进行的中国多民族队列研究基线调查。所有体重指数不低于 24 kg/m2 的参与者都被纳入其中，并接受了问卷调查、体格检查和临床实验室检测。研究采用两步聚类分析法对参与者进行表型分类。通过食物频率问卷收集饮食信息，并进行主成分分析以确定不同的饮食模式：我们分析了 8757 名参与者的数据。结果：我们对 8757 名参与者的数据进行了分析，根据人口统计学特征、生化指标和人体测量数据，将他们分为代谢健康型肥胖和代谢不健康型肥胖（MUO）两类。主要预测因素包括血清尿酸、性别和舒张压。按性别进行的分组分析在男性和女性参与者中发现了三个不同的组群。MUO组在一系列慢性非传染性疾病中发病率最高。分析发现，参与者有三种独特的膳食模式，分别为优质蛋白模式、米油红肉模式和油盐模式。值得注意的是，MUO 亚组的米油红肉和油盐模式的因子得分明显更高：结论：肥胖表型与代谢和人口特征密切相关，血清尿酸是划分肥胖代谢状态的重要因素。米-油-红肉和油-盐模式可能与肥胖症患者的代谢状态有关。

{"title":"Association between obesity phenotypes and dietary patterns: A two-step cluster analysis based on the China multi-ethnic cohort study","authors":"Yuxin Hu, Yuxin Zhang, Jianqin Zhong, Yuan Wang, Enhui Zhou, Feng Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to explore obesity phenotypes and investigate their association with dietary patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were obtained from the baseline survey conducted in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study from July 2018 to August 2019. All participants with a body mass index of at least 24 kg/m<sup>2</sup> were enrolled and underwent a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and clinical laboratory tests. A two-step cluster analysis was employed to classify the participants into phenotypes. Dietary information was collected using the food frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis was conducted to identify distinct dietary patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We analyzed the data of 8757 participants. They were categorized based on demographic characteristics, biochemical indicators, and anthropometric measurements into two distinct clusters identified as metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Key predictors included serum uric acid, sex, and diastolic blood pressure. Subgroup analysis by sex identified three distinct clusters within both male and female participants. The MUO group had the highest prevalence of a range of chronic noncommunicable diseases. The analysis uncovered three unique dietary patterns among participants classified as the premium protein, rice-oil-red meat, and oil-salt patterns. Notably, the MUO subgroup demonstrated significantly higher factor scores for both the rice-oil-red meat and oil-salt patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Obesity phenotypes are closely related to metabolic and demographic characteristics, with serum uric acid being a significant factor in categorizing the metabolic states of obesity. The rice-oil-red meat and oil-salt patterns may be related to the metabolic status of individuals with obesity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 108100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A produce prescription program for patients with low incomes in North Carolina resulted in increased produce purchases 北卡罗来纳州为低收入患者实施的农产品处方计划增加了农产品的购买量。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108097

Amy E. Lo , Neal Curran , Sierra Mullen , Shu Wen Ng

Objectives

To assess if participation in a North Carolina produce prescription program for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants with diet-sensitive health conditions (SuperSNAP) is associated with changes in purchase composition and spending source.

Methods

This study used loyalty-card transaction data (October 2019–April 2022). We applied a linear mixed-effects model with overlap weights to perform a difference-indifferences analysis of purchases by SuperSNAP program enrollees compared to the control group.

Results

The sample included 1440 SuperSNAP shoppers and 45,851 control shoppers. Compared to shoppers only on SNAP, SuperSNAP shoppers spent $82.98 (95% CI (75.6, 90.3), p-value <0.001) more per month, $76.09 (95% CI (69.4, 82.8), pvalue <0.001) of which were spent strictly on food and beverage products. Among SuperSNAP shoppers, out of the $40 SuperSNAP benefit each month, an estimated $34.86 (95% CI (33.9, 35.8), p-value <0.001) of it was spent on fruits and vegetables.

Conclusions

This study shows the promise of targeted produce prescription programs for SNAP participants in encouraging shifts in purchase composition.

目标：评估参与北卡罗来纳州为有饮食敏感健康问题的补充营养援助计划（SNAP）参与者提供的农产品处方计划（SuperSNAP）是否与购买构成和消费来源的变化有关：本研究使用会员卡交易数据（2019 年 10 月至 2022 年 4 月）。我们采用了带有重叠权重的线性混合效应模型，对超级SNAP计划参加者与对照组的购买情况进行了差异分析：样本包括 1440 名超级无偿援助计划购物者和 45851 名对照组购物者。与仅使用 SNAP 的购物者相比，超级无农食品计划购物者花费了 82.98 美元（95% CI (75.6, 90.3)，P 值）：这项研究表明，为 SNAP 参与者提供有针对性的农产品处方计划有望促进购买构成的转变。

{"title":"A produce prescription program for patients with low incomes in North Carolina resulted in increased produce purchases","authors":"Amy E. Lo , Neal Curran , Sierra Mullen , Shu Wen Ng","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To assess if participation in a North Carolina produce prescription program for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants with diet-sensitive health conditions (SuperSNAP) is associated with changes in purchase composition and spending source.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study used loyalty-card transaction data (October 2019–April 2022). We applied a linear mixed-effects model with overlap weights to perform a difference-indifferences analysis of purchases by SuperSNAP program enrollees compared to the control group.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The sample included 1440 SuperSNAP shoppers and 45,851 control shoppers. Compared to shoppers only on SNAP, SuperSNAP shoppers spent $82.98 (95% CI (75.6, 90.3), <em>p</em>-value <0.001) more per month, $76.09 (95% CI (69.4, 82.8), pvalue <0.001) of which were spent strictly on food and beverage products. Among SuperSNAP shoppers, out of the $40 SuperSNAP benefit each month, an estimated $34.86 (95% CI (33.9, 35.8), <em>p</em>-value <0.001) of it was spent on fruits and vegetables.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study shows the promise of targeted produce prescription programs for SNAP participants in encouraging shifts in purchase composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 108097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of immigrant status with self-rated health in Spain: 2014–2020 西班牙移民身份与自我健康评价的关系：2014-2020 年。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108096

Luisa N. Borrell , Nerea Lanborena , Sara Yago-González , Julia Díez Escudero , Elena Rodriguez-Alvarez

Objective

To examine inequalities in self-rated health between immigrant and native populations in 2014 and 2020, and whether these inequalities vary by sex/gender and social support.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used information from adults aged ≥18 years who participated in the European Health Interview Survey in Spain in 2014 and 2020. Self-rated health was specified as good or bad/poor. Immigration status and length of stay were considered to specify the exposure. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in each survey. Interaction terms between immigration status and survey; and immigration status, survey, and sex/gender or social support were tested.

Results

The adjusted analyses showed that when compared with Spanish native adults, immigrants with 6–15 years residing in Spain had a 1.34 (95%CI:1.18, 1.53) greater probability of rating their health as bad/poor in 2014. This probability was 1.48 (95%CI:1.28, 1.75) in 2020. No heterogeneity was observed for the associations of immigrant status/length of stay with self-rated health for sex/gender or social support in either survey (p-interactions for sex/gender: 0.41 and social support: 0.71).

Conclusion

Given the growth of the immigrant population in Spain and the importance of immigration as a social determinant of health, these findings call attention to a deeper examination of inequalities, with the aim of identifying potential factors leading to bad/poor rating of health over time.

目的研究 2014 年和 2020 年移民和本地人口在自我健康评价方面的不平等，以及这些不平等是否因性别和社会支持而异：这项横断面研究使用了 2014 年和 2020 年参加西班牙欧洲健康访谈调查的 18 岁以上成年人的信息。自评健康状况分为好或坏/差。移民身份和逗留时间被视为暴露的具体条件。泊松回归用于估算每次调查中的流行率 (PR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。测试了移民身份与调查之间的交互项，以及移民身份、调查、性别或社会支持之间的交互项：调整后的分析结果显示，与西班牙本地成年人相比，在西班牙居住 6-15 年的移民在 2014 年将自己的健康状况评为不良/差的概率要高出 1.34（95%CI：1.18，1.53）。同样，2020 年在西班牙居住 6-15 年的移民的健康状况被评为不良/差的概率为 1.48（95%CI:1.28, 1.75）。在这两项调查中，均未观察到移民身份/居留时间与性别或社会支持的自我健康评价之间存在异质性（性别/社会支持的交互作用为 0.41，而性别/社会支持的交互作用为 0.71）：鉴于西班牙移民人口的增长以及移民作为健康的社会决定因素的重要性，这些研究结果呼吁人们关注对不平等现象进行更深入的研究，目的是找出随着时间的推移导致不良/差健康评价的潜在因素。

{"title":"Association of immigrant status with self-rated health in Spain: 2014–2020","authors":"Luisa N. Borrell , Nerea Lanborena , Sara Yago-González , Julia Díez Escudero , Elena Rodriguez-Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine inequalities in self-rated health between immigrant and native populations in 2014 and 2020, and whether these inequalities vary by sex/gender and social support.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study used information from adults aged ≥18 years who participated in the European Health Interview Survey in Spain in 2014 and 2020. Self-rated health was specified as good or bad/poor. Immigration status and length of stay were considered to specify the exposure. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in each survey. Interaction terms between immigration status and survey; and immigration status, survey, and sex/gender or social support were tested.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The adjusted analyses showed that when compared with Spanish native adults, immigrants with 6–15 years residing in Spain had a 1.34 (95%CI:1.18, 1.53) greater probability of rating their health as bad/poor in 2014. This probability was 1.48 (95%CI:1.28, 1.75) in 2020. No heterogeneity was observed for the associations of immigrant status/length of stay with self-rated health for sex/gender or social support in either survey (p-interactions for sex/gender: 0.41 and social support: 0.71).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Given the growth of the immigrant population in Spain and the importance of immigration as a social determinant of health, these findings call attention to a deeper examination of inequalities, with the aim of identifying potential factors leading to bad/poor rating of health over time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 108096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effectiveness of internet-based group behavioural interventions on lifestyle modifications: A systematic review 基于互联网的群体行为干预对改变生活方式的有效性：系统综述。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108099

Amanual Getnet Mersha , Jamie Bryant , Kade Booth , Levi Watson , Michelle Kennedy

Objectives

To examine the effectiveness of internet-based group interventions incorporating social support elements in addressing behaviours related to smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and obesity.

Methods

A literature search was undertaken in six databases from inception to April 2024. Articles were eligible if they reported on group-based online interventions targeting smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and obesity, and included interactive features aimed at promoting social engagement and support. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the quality of articles using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. A narrative analysis was used to synthesize and interpret the data to understand the effects of online interventions on lifestyle modifications.

Results

A total of 4063 citations underwent screening, resulting in 32 articles being deemed eligible and included in this review. Most studies examined physical activity (n = 14), followed by obesity (n = 7) and smoking (n = 6), Most studies were conducted in the USA (n = 14) and Australia (n = 11). Websites were the most utilised mode of intervention delivery (n = 11), followed by Facebook (n = 7) and mobile apps (n = 5). Group-based internet interventions were effective in improving smoking cessation, increasing physical activity and addressing obesity. However, there is insufficient data to determine their effect on promoting healthy nutrition and reducing alcohol intake.

Conclusion

Group-based interventions delivered on the internet are effective in changing various health behaviours. This approach can offer large scale and cost-effective means to deliver behavioural interventions. However, the long-term effects and strategies for maintaining the behaviour changes are lacking, underscoring the need for further research.

目的研究基于互联网、包含社会支持元素的团体干预措施在解决吸烟、营养、饮酒、体育锻炼和肥胖相关行为方面的有效性：方法：从开始到 2024 年 4 月，在六个数据库中进行了文献检索。如果文章报道了针对吸烟、营养、饮酒、体育锻炼和肥胖的基于小组的在线干预，并包含旨在促进社会参与和支持的互动功能，则符合条件。两名审稿人使用乔安娜-布里格斯研究所的批判性评估工具独立筛选和评估文章质量。采用叙事分析法对数据进行综合和解释，以了解在线干预对改变生活方式的影响：共有 4063 条引文经过筛选，32 篇文章被认为符合条件并纳入本综述。大多数研究涉及体育锻炼（14 篇），其次是肥胖（7 篇）和吸烟（6 篇），大多数研究在美国（14 篇）和澳大利亚（11 篇）进行。网站是使用最多的干预方式（11 项），其次是 Facebook（7 项）和移动应用程序（5 项）。以小组为基础的互联网干预在改善戒烟、增加体育锻炼和解决肥胖问题方面效果显著。然而，目前还没有足够的数据来确定其对促进健康营养和减少酒精摄入量的效果：结论：在互联网上开展以小组为基础的干预活动对改变各种健康行为很有效。这种方法可以提供大规模和具有成本效益的行为干预手段。然而，目前还缺乏长期效果和维持行为改变的策略，因此需要进一步研究。

{"title":"The effectiveness of internet-based group behavioural interventions on lifestyle modifications: A systematic review","authors":"Amanual Getnet Mersha , Jamie Bryant , Kade Booth , Levi Watson , Michelle Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To examine the effectiveness of internet-based group interventions incorporating social support elements in addressing behaviours related to smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and obesity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A literature search was undertaken in six databases from inception to April 2024. Articles were eligible if they reported on group-based online interventions targeting smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and obesity, and included interactive features aimed at promoting social engagement and support. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the quality of articles using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. A narrative analysis was used to synthesize and interpret the data to understand the effects of online interventions on lifestyle modifications.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 4063 citations underwent screening, resulting in 32 articles being deemed eligible and included in this review. Most studies examined physical activity (<em>n</em> = 14), followed by obesity (<em>n</em> = 7) and smoking (<em>n</em> = 6), Most studies were conducted in the USA (n = 14) and Australia (<em>n</em> = 11). Websites were the most utilised mode of intervention delivery (n = 11), followed by Facebook (<em>n</em> = 7) and mobile apps (<em>n</em> = 5). Group-based internet interventions were effective in improving smoking cessation, increasing physical activity and addressing obesity. However, there is insufficient data to determine their effect on promoting healthy nutrition and reducing alcohol intake.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Group-based interventions delivered on the internet are effective in changing various health behaviours. This approach can offer large scale and cost-effective means to deliver behavioural interventions. However, the long-term effects and strategies for maintaining the behaviour changes are lacking, underscoring the need for further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal screening adherence in the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program from 2006 to 2022 2006 年至 2022 年澳大利亚国家肠癌筛查计划的纵向筛查坚持率。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108095

Joachim Worthington , Anna Kelly , Jie-Bin Lew , Han Ge , Caitlin Vasica , Kate Broun , Karen Canfell , Eleonora Feletto

Objective

Australia's National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) offers two-yearly screening to 50–74-year-olds for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). Internationally, detailed reporting of participation across multiple screening rounds – also known as longitudinal adherence – is becoming more common, but remains limited in Australia. We described the longitudinal screening adherence of individuals by age and sex invited to the NBCSP at least once, and quantified longitudinal adherence among individuals who received four NBCSP invitations.

Methods

We obtained aggregate national data for individuals who received at least one NBCSP invitation between 1 August 2006 and 31 March 2022. We described screening adherence patterns including longitudinal adherence among individuals who received four invitations, and evaluated prior longitudinal adherence and adherence at most recent invitation as predictors of future participation.

Results

Over the study period, 8.5 million individuals were invited to screen in the NBCSP; 51.9% of these individuals screened at least once. Of the >2.5 million individuals who received four invitations, 23.3% consistently screened, 38.3% never screened, and 38.3% inconsistently screened. The longitudinal adherence at the fourth invitation round for individuals who previously returned none, one, two, or three of their previous three invitations was 9.5%, 37.4%, 70.1% and 88.8%, respectively. Both longitudinal adherence and adherence at the most recent invitation were significant predictors of future participation.

Conclusion

Our study is the first detailed report of longitudinal adherence to the NBCSP in >2 screening rounds. These insights into long-term behaviours can inform planning for interventions to improve screening participation.

目的：澳大利亚国家肠癌筛查计划（NBCSP）每两年为 50-74 岁的人群提供一次筛查，以预防和早期发现结肠直肠癌（CRC）。在国际上，详细报告多轮筛查的参与情况（也称为纵向依从性）正变得越来越普遍，但在澳大利亚仍然很有限。我们按年龄和性别描述了至少一次受邀参加 NBCSP 的个人的纵向筛查坚持情况，并量化了收到四次 NBCSP 邀请的个人的纵向坚持情况：我们获得了 2006 年 8 月 1 日至 2022 年 3 月 31 日期间至少收到过一次 NBCSP 邀请的个人的全国汇总数据。我们描述了筛查依从性模式，包括收到四次邀请的个人的纵向依从性，并评估了之前的纵向依从性和最近一次邀请时的依从性作为未来参与的预测因素：在研究期间，NBCSP 邀请了 850 万人进行筛查；其中 51.9% 的人至少筛查了一次。在收到四次邀请的超过 250 万人中，23.3% 的人坚持筛查，38.3% 的人从未筛查，38.3% 的人筛查不一致。在第四轮邀请中，之前三次邀请均未返回、返回一次、两次或三次的个人的纵向坚持率分别为 9.5%、37.4%、70.1% 和 88.8%。纵向依从性和最近一次邀请时的依从性都是未来参与的重要预测因素：我们的研究首次详细报告了在超过两轮筛查中对 NBCSP 的纵向坚持情况。这些对长期行为的洞察可为规划干预措施以提高筛查参与率提供参考。

{"title":"Longitudinal screening adherence in the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program from 2006 to 2022","authors":"Joachim Worthington , Anna Kelly , Jie-Bin Lew , Han Ge , Caitlin Vasica , Kate Broun , Karen Canfell , Eleonora Feletto","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Australia's National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) offers two-yearly screening to 50–74-year-olds for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). Internationally, detailed reporting of participation across multiple screening rounds – also known as longitudinal adherence – is becoming more common, but remains limited in Australia. We described the longitudinal screening adherence of individuals by age and sex invited to the NBCSP at least once, and quantified longitudinal adherence among individuals who received four NBCSP invitations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We obtained aggregate national data for individuals who received at least one NBCSP invitation between 1 August 2006 and 31 March 2022. We described screening adherence patterns including longitudinal adherence among individuals who received four invitations, and evaluated prior longitudinal adherence and adherence at most recent invitation as predictors of future participation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Over the study period, 8.5 million individuals were invited to screen in the NBCSP; 51.9% of these individuals screened at least once. Of the >2.5 million individuals who received four invitations, 23.3% consistently screened, 38.3% never screened, and 38.3% inconsistently screened. The longitudinal adherence at the fourth invitation round for individuals who previously returned none, one, two, or three of their previous three invitations was 9.5%, 37.4%, 70.1% and 88.8%, respectively. Both longitudinal adherence and adherence at the most recent invitation were significant predictors of future participation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study is the first detailed report of longitudinal adherence to the NBCSP in >2 screening rounds. These insights into long-term behaviours can inform planning for interventions to improve screening participation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743524002500/pdfft?md5=c2418dde59d4d5b1e2c4c7ecbd765a8a&pid=1-s2.0-S0091743524002500-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modifiable risk factors mediating the impact of educational inequality on heart failure: A Mendelian randomization study 教育不平等对心力衰竭影响的可调节风险因素：孟德尔随机研究

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108098

Yijiang Zhou , Runze Ye , Xiaogang Guo

Background

Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing global disease burden with high mortality rates. We aimed to utilize mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the association between educational attainment (EA) and HF, and to evaluate the contribution of modifiable risk factors as mediators.

Methods

We applied a two-sample MR approach based on the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the causal relationship between EA and HF. Data collection was conducted in July 2023. We then conducted mediation analyses to explore whether body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mediate the effect of EA on HF, and utilized multivariable MR to estimate the proportion of mediation attributed to these factors.

Results

Genetically predicted 3.4 years of additional education was associated with a decrease in the risk of HF (OR 0.76 for each 3.4 years of schooling; 95% CI 0.72, 0.81). BMI, T2DM, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure mediated 40.82% (95% CI: 28.86%, 52.77%), 18.00% (95% CI: 12.10%, 23.90%), 11.60% (95% CI: 7.63%, 15.56%), and 7.80% (95% CI: 4.63%, 10.96%) of the EA-HF association, respectively. All risk factors combined were estimated to mediate 63.81% (95% CI: 45.91%, 81.71%) of the effect of EA on HF.

Conclusion

Higher EA has a protective effect against the risk of HF, and potential mechanisms may include regulation of BMI, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Further research is needed to understand whether interventions targeting these factors could influence the association between EA and HF risk.

背景：心力衰竭（HF）是一种迅速增长的全球性疾病，死亡率很高。我们旨在利用亡羊补牢式随机分析（MR）研究教育程度（EA）与心力衰竭之间的关联，并评估可改变的风险因素作为中介的贡献：我们采用基于最大规模全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的双样本 MR 方法来研究 EA 与 HF 之间的因果关系。数据收集于 2023 年 7 月进行。然后，我们进行了中介分析，以探讨体重指数（BMI）、血压和2型糖尿病（T2DM）是否中介了EA对HF的影响，并利用多变量MR估算了这些因素的中介比例：结果：根据基因预测，额外接受 3.4 年教育可降低罹患心房颤动的风险（每接受 3.4 年教育的 OR 为 0.76；95% CI 为 0.72，0.81）。BMI、T2DM、收缩压和舒张压分别介导了40.82%（95% CI：28.86%，52.77%）、18.00%（95% CI：12.10%，23.90%）、11.60%（95% CI：7.63%，15.56%）和7.80%（95% CI：4.63%，10.96%）的EA-HF关联。据估计，所有风险因素加在一起介导了 EA 对 HF 影响的 63.81% (95% CI: 45.91%, 81.71%)：结论：较高的 EA 对心房颤动风险具有保护作用，其潜在机制可能包括对体重指数、血压和血糖的调节。要了解针对这些因素的干预措施是否会影响 EA 与高血脂风险之间的关联，还需要进一步的研究。

{"title":"Modifiable risk factors mediating the impact of educational inequality on heart failure: A Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Yijiang Zhou , Runze Ye , Xiaogang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing global disease burden with high mortality rates. We aimed to utilize mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the association between educational attainment (EA) and HF, and to evaluate the contribution of modifiable risk factors as mediators.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We applied a two-sample MR approach based on the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the causal relationship between EA and HF. Data collection was conducted in July 2023. We then conducted mediation analyses to explore whether body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mediate the effect of EA on HF, and utilized multivariable MR to estimate the proportion of mediation attributed to these factors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Genetically predicted 3.4 years of additional education was associated with a decrease in the risk of HF (OR 0.76 for each 3.4 years of schooling; 95% CI 0.72, 0.81). BMI, T2DM, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure mediated 40.82% (95% CI: 28.86%, 52.77%), 18.00% (95% CI: 12.10%, 23.90%), 11.60% (95% CI: 7.63%, 15.56%), and 7.80% (95% CI: 4.63%, 10.96%) of the EA-HF association, respectively. All risk factors combined were estimated to mediate 63.81% (95% CI: 45.91%, 81.71%) of the effect of EA on HF.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Higher EA has a protective effect against the risk of HF, and potential mechanisms may include regulation of BMI, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Further research is needed to understand whether interventions targeting these factors could influence the association between EA and HF risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ambient fine particulate matter and Life's essential 8 and mortality in adults in China: A Nationwide retrospective cohort study 环境细颗粒物与中国成年人的生命基本指数 8 和死亡率：一项全国性回顾性队列研究。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108094

Taotao Xue , Limin Wang , Xiao Zhang , Zhenping Zhao , Jinlei Qi , Chun Li , Mengting Yu , Lan Wang , Peng Jia , Peng Yin , Lijun Wang , Maigeng Zhou , Mei Zhang

Background

Enhanced cardiovascular health (CVH) is linked to reduced mortality risks, whereas long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), elevates these risks. Whether long-term exposure to PM_2.5 counteracts the health benefits of high CVH is unknown. The study aims to evaluate whether the association of CVH assessed by Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with death was consistent between participants with different PM_2.5 exposures.

Methods

We included 134,727 participants in the field survey of China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance which was conducted from August 2013 to June 2014. The deaths of participants were obtained by linking to the National Mortality Surveillance System (2013–2018). The environmental data is obtained by satellite inversion. The participants' CVH scores were calculated using the LE8 method. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for mortality were calculated using Cox regression models.

Results

A total of 2,936 all-cause deaths and 1,158 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths were recorded. Compared to those with low CVH, adults with high CVH demonstrated a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, irrespective of their PM_2.5 exposure levels (P < 0.05, all P for interaction >0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to those with low CVH and highest PM_2.5 exposure, adults with high CVH and lowest PM_2.5 exposure exhibited HR of 0.18 (95%CI, 0.12–0.25) for all-cause mortality and 0.13 (95%CI, 0.08–0.22) for CVD mortality.

Conclusions

High CVH is associated with reduced all-cause mortality risk, regardless of PM_2.5 exposure levels. For Chinese adults, sustaining high CVH is advisable, irrespective of their residential location.

背景：增强心血管健康（CVH）与降低死亡风险有关，而长期暴露于细颗粒物（PM2.5）则会增加这些风险。长期暴露于PM2.5是否会抵消高CVH带来的健康益处尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估不同PM2.5暴露程度的参与者之间，通过生命基本指数8（LE8）评估的CVH与死亡的关系是否一致：我们在2013年8月至2014年6月进行的中国慢性病及危险因素监测的实地调查中纳入了134727名参与者。参与者的死亡数据通过与国家死亡率监测系统（2013-2018年）连接获得。环境数据通过卫星反演获得。参与者的 CVH 分数采用 LE8 方法计算。采用 Cox 回归模型计算死亡率的危险比（HR）和 95% 置信区间（95%CI）：结果：共记录了 2936 例全因死亡和 1158 例心血管疾病 (CVD) 死亡。与低CVH人群相比，无论PM2.5暴露水平如何，高CVH人群的全因死亡风险均有所降低（P 0.05）。此外，与低CVH和PM2.5暴露水平最高的人群相比，高CVH和PM2.5暴露水平最低的成年人的全因死亡率HR为0.18（95%CI，0.12-0.25），心血管疾病死亡率HR为0.13（95%CI，0.08-0.22）：结论：无论PM2.5暴露水平如何，高CVH与全因死亡风险降低相关。对于中国成年人来说，无论居住地在哪里，都应该保持高CVH。

{"title":"Ambient fine particulate matter and Life's essential 8 and mortality in adults in China: A Nationwide retrospective cohort study","authors":"Taotao Xue , Limin Wang , Xiao Zhang , Zhenping Zhao , Jinlei Qi , Chun Li , Mengting Yu , Lan Wang , Peng Jia , Peng Yin , Lijun Wang , Maigeng Zhou , Mei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Enhanced cardiovascular health (CVH) is linked to reduced mortality risks, whereas long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), elevates these risks. Whether long-term exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> counteracts the health benefits of high CVH is unknown. The study aims to evaluate whether the association of CVH assessed by Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with death was consistent between participants with different PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposures.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We included 134,727 participants in the field survey of China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance which was conducted from August 2013 to June 2014. The deaths of participants were obtained by linking to the National Mortality Surveillance System (2013–2018). The environmental data is obtained by satellite inversion. The participants' CVH scores were calculated using the LE8 method. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for mortality were calculated using Cox regression models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 2,936 all-cause deaths and 1,158 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths were recorded. Compared to those with low CVH, adults with high CVH demonstrated a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, irrespective of their PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure levels (<em>P</em> < 0.05, all <em>P</em> for interaction >0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to those with low CVH and highest PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure, adults with high CVH and lowest PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure exhibited HR of 0.18 (95%CI, 0.12–0.25) for all-cause mortality and 0.13 (95%CI, 0.08–0.22) for CVD mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>High CVH is associated with reduced all-cause mortality risk, regardless of PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure levels. For Chinese adults, sustaining high CVH is advisable, irrespective of their residential location.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linear and non-linear relationships between body fat mass distribution and bone mineral density in adults: The NHANES, 2011–2018 成人体脂质量分布与骨矿物质密度之间的线性和非线性关系：2011-2018年美国国家健康调查（NHANES）。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108092

Xiaohua Zhang , Juan Zhang , Zhaoyue Shang , Yanlin Duan , Yongliang Du , Bo Kan , Shuman Yang

Objective

The relationship between body fat mass and bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial. This research aimed to explore the linear or non-linear relationship between body fat mass and BMD among adults in the United States.

Methods

This cross-sectional study identified adults aged 18 years or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. After adjusting for covariates, linear relationships between body fat mass and BMD in different genders were tested by generalized linear models, and potential non-linear relationships were explored by generalized additive models and piecewise linear regression models.

Results

The research included 4691 (57.9% of the total sample) males and 3417 (42.1% the of total sample) females. In both males and females, we found a negative association between android or total body fat mass and lumbar spine BMD and a positive association between appendicular, android, gynoid, or total body fat mass and whole body BMD (all P < 0.05). The relationships between body fat mass in all regions and lumbar spine BMD were U-shaped in males and inverted U-shaped in females (all P _non-linear < 0.05). Inverted U-shaped relationships existed between body fat mass in all regions and whole body BMD in females (all P _non-linear < 0.05).

Conclusions

Body fat mass was negatively and linearly associated with lumbar spine BMD, but positively associated with whole body BMD. Body fat mass had a U-shaped relationship with lumbar spine BMD in males and an inverted U-shaped association with lumbar spine and whole body BMD in females.

目的：体脂量与骨矿物质密度（BMD）之间的关系仍存在争议。本研究旨在探讨美国成年人的体脂量与 BMD 之间的线性或非线性关系：这项横断面研究在 2011 年至 2018 年的全国健康与营养调查中确定了 18 岁或以上的成年人。在调整协变量后，通过广义线性模型检验了不同性别的体脂质量与 BMD 之间的线性关系，并通过广义相加模型和分片线性回归模型探讨了潜在的非线性关系：研究对象包括 4691 名男性（占样本总数的 57.9%）和 3417 名女性（占样本总数的 42.1%）。在男性和女性中，我们发现睾丸或全身脂肪量与腰椎 BMD 之间呈负相关，而阑尾、睾丸、妇科或全身脂肪量与全身 BMD 之间呈正相关（所有 P 均为非线性非线性结论：体脂量与腰椎 BMD 呈线性负相关，但与全身 BMD 呈正相关。男性体脂量与腰椎 BMD 呈 U 型关系，女性体脂量与腰椎和全身 BMD 呈倒 U 型关系。

{"title":"Linear and non-linear relationships between body fat mass distribution and bone mineral density in adults: The NHANES, 2011–2018","authors":"Xiaohua Zhang , Juan Zhang , Zhaoyue Shang , Yanlin Duan , Yongliang Du , Bo Kan , Shuman Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The relationship between body fat mass and bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial. This research aimed to explore the linear or non-linear relationship between body fat mass and BMD among adults in the United States.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study identified adults aged 18 years or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. After adjusting for covariates, linear relationships between body fat mass and BMD in different genders were tested by generalized linear models, and potential non-linear relationships were explored by generalized additive models and piecewise linear regression models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The research included 4691 (57.9% of the total sample) males and 3417 (42.1% the of total sample) females. In both males and females, we found a negative association between android or total body fat mass and lumbar spine BMD and a positive association between appendicular, android, gynoid, or total body fat mass and whole body BMD (all <em>P</em> < 0.05). The relationships between body fat mass in all regions and lumbar spine BMD were U-shaped in males and inverted U-shaped in females (all <em>P</em> <sub>non-linear</sub> < 0.05). Inverted U-shaped relationships existed between body fat mass in all regions and whole body BMD in females (all <em>P</em> <sub>non-linear</sub> < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Body fat mass was negatively and linearly associated with lumbar spine BMD, but positively associated with whole body BMD. Body fat mass had a U-shaped relationship with lumbar spine BMD in males and an inverted U-shaped association with lumbar spine and whole body BMD in females.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The association between weekly exercise patterns and acceleration of aging: Evidence from a population-based study 每周锻炼模式与加速衰老之间的关系：一项基于人口的研究提供的证据。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108091

Guangyu Jiang , Wei Zhang , Huiwen Kang , Jingyu Wang , Ziyan Liu , Ziyan Wang , Danyang Huang , Ai Gao

Background

Acceleration of aging is a major challenge in public health. Previous studies have focused on the associations between specific types of exercise or overall levels of physical activity with accelerated aging, with less attention given to the weekly exercise patterns.

Objective

To explore the relationship between weekly exercise patterns and acceleration of aging among American adults.

Methods

We extracted data from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), involving 9850 participants aged ≥20 with comprehensive records on exercise and phenotypic age. Hierarchical clustering categorized participants into three groups based on weekly exercise time and days: cluster 1 (Rare or No Exercise), cluster 2 (Moderate Frequency, Moderate Duration) and cluster 3 (Moderate Frequency, Long Duration). Acceleration of aging was defined as the phenotypic age advance >0.

Results

After full adjustment, weekly exercise time and days showed the significant non-linear negative correlation with accelerated aging. The risk of accelerated aging was lowest when weekly exercise days reached five and the weekly exercise time reached three hours. Both cluster 2 and cluster 3 were significantly negatively correlated with acceleration of aging. No significant differences were observed in the association with accelerated aging between cluster 2 and cluster 3.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of targeted exercise programs for healthy aging. They also emphasize the need for public health initiatives to integrate regular physical activity into daily routines to improve the longevity and well-being of American adults.

背景：加速衰老是公共卫生面临的一大挑战。以往的研究主要关注特定类型的运动或总体体育锻炼水平与加速衰老之间的关系，而较少关注每周的运动模式：探讨美国成年人每周锻炼模式与加速衰老之间的关系：我们从 2015-2018 年美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）中提取了数据，共涉及 9850 名年龄≥20 岁的参与者，他们都有全面的运动和表型年龄记录。根据每周运动时间和天数，分层聚类将参与者分为三组：第1组（很少运动或不运动）、第2组（运动频率适中、持续时间适中）和第3组（运动频率适中、持续时间较长）。加速衰老的定义是表型年龄提前>0.结果：经充分调整后，每周运动时间和天数与加速衰老呈显著的非线性负相关。当每周运动天数达到 5 天，每周运动时间达到 3 小时时，加速衰老的风险最低。第 2 组和第 3 组均与加速衰老呈显著负相关。第 2 组和第 3 组与加速衰老的相关性无明显差异：这些发现强调了有针对性的运动计划对健康老龄化的重要性。结论：这些研究结果凸显了有针对性的运动计划对健康老龄化的重要性，同时也强调了公共卫生活动的必要性，即把定期体育锻炼纳入日常生活，以提高美国成年人的寿命和福祉。

{"title":"The association between weekly exercise patterns and acceleration of aging: Evidence from a population-based study","authors":"Guangyu Jiang , Wei Zhang , Huiwen Kang , Jingyu Wang , Ziyan Liu , Ziyan Wang , Danyang Huang , Ai Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Acceleration of aging is a major challenge in public health. Previous studies have focused on the associations between specific types of exercise or overall levels of physical activity with accelerated aging, with less attention given to the weekly exercise patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the relationship between weekly exercise patterns and acceleration of aging among American adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We extracted data from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), involving 9850 participants aged ≥20 with comprehensive records on exercise and phenotypic age. Hierarchical clustering categorized participants into three groups based on weekly exercise time and days: cluster 1 (Rare or No Exercise), cluster 2 (Moderate Frequency, Moderate Duration) and cluster 3 (Moderate Frequency, Long Duration). Acceleration of aging was defined as the phenotypic age advance >0.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After full adjustment, weekly exercise time and days showed the significant non-linear negative correlation with accelerated aging. The risk of accelerated aging was lowest when weekly exercise days reached five and the weekly exercise time reached three hours. Both cluster 2 and cluster 3 were significantly negatively correlated with acceleration of aging. No significant differences were observed in the association with accelerated aging between cluster 2 and cluster 3.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings highlight the importance of targeted exercise programs for healthy aging. They also emphasize the need for public health initiatives to integrate regular physical activity into daily routines to improve the longevity and well-being of American adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 108091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of alcohol warning labels for at-risk groups and the general public: A policy-informing randomized experiment in Chile 针对高危人群和普通公众的酒精警告标签的效果：智利的政策信息随机试验。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108087

Daniel Schwartz , Ignacio Torres-Ulloa , Camila Corvalán

Objective

The World Health Organization recommends using health-risk warnings on alcoholic beverages. This study examines the impact of separate or combined warning labels for at-risk groups and the general population on alcohol purchase decisions.

Methods

In 2022, 7758 adults who consumed alcohol or were pregnant/lactating women (54.0 % female, mean age = 40.6 years) were presented with an online store's beverage section and randomly assigned to one of six warning labels in a between-subjects experimental design: no-warning, pregnant/lactating, drinking-driving, general cancer risk, combined warnings, and assorted warnings across bottles. The main outcome, the intention to purchase an alcoholic vs. non-alcoholic beverage, was examined with adjusted risk differences using logistic regressions.

Results

Participants exposed to the general cancer risk warning decreased their alcoholic choices by 10.4 percentage points (pp.) (95 % CI [−0.139, −0.069], p < 0.001, OR = 0.561), while those in the pregnancy/lactation warning condition did it by 3.8 pp. (95 % CI [−0.071, −0.005], p = 0.025, OR = 0.806). The driving-drinking warning had no significant effect. Participants exposed to the combined warnings label, or the assorted warnings reduced alcohol purchase decisions by 6.1 pp. (95 % CI [−0.095, −0.028], p < 0.001, OR = 0.708) and 4.3 pp. (95 % CI [−0.076, −0.010], p = 0.011, OR = 0.782), respectively. Cancer warning outperformed other labels and was effective for subgroups such as pregnant/lactating women, young adults, and low-income individuals.

Conclusions

General cancer risk warnings are more effective at reducing alcohol purchase decisions compared to warning labels for specific groups or labels using multiple warnings. In addition to warning labels, other policies should be considered for addressing well-known alcohol-related risks (e.g., drinking and driving).

目的：世界卫生组织建议在酒精饮料上使用健康风险警示。本研究探讨了针对高危人群和普通人群的单独或合并警告标签对酒类购买决策的影响：2022年，7758名饮酒或怀孕/哺乳期妇女（54.0%为女性，平均年龄=40.6岁）被带到一家网店的饮料区，并在主体间实验设计中被随机分配到六种警告标签之一：无警告、怀孕/哺乳期、酒驾、一般癌症风险、合并警告和各瓶的各种警告。主要结果，即购买含酒精饮料与非含酒精饮料的意向，使用逻辑回归法对调整后的风险差异进行了检验：结果：接触到一般癌症风险警告的参与者减少了 10.4 个百分点（95 % CI [-0.139，-0.069]，P 结论：一般癌症风险警告能更有效地减少人们对酒精饮料的选择：与针对特定人群的警示标签或使用多重警示的标签相比，一般癌症风险警示能更有效地减少购买酒类的决定。除警示标签外，还应考虑采取其他政策来应对众所周知的酒精相关风险（如饮酒驾车）。

{"title":"Effectiveness of alcohol warning labels for at-risk groups and the general public: A policy-informing randomized experiment in Chile","authors":"Daniel Schwartz , Ignacio Torres-Ulloa , Camila Corvalán","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The World Health Organization recommends using health-risk warnings on alcoholic beverages. This study examines the impact of separate or combined warning labels for at-risk groups and the general population on alcohol purchase decisions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In 2022, 7758 adults who consumed alcohol or were pregnant/lactating women (54.0 % female, mean age = 40.6 years) were presented with an online store's beverage section and randomly assigned to one of six warning labels in a between-subjects experimental design: no-warning, pregnant/lactating, drinking-driving, general cancer risk, combined warnings, and assorted warnings across bottles. The main outcome, the intention to purchase an alcoholic vs. non-alcoholic beverage, was examined with adjusted risk differences using logistic regressions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants exposed to the general cancer risk warning decreased their alcoholic choices by 10.4 percentage points (pp.) (95 % CI [−0.139, −0.069], <em>p</em> < 0.001, OR = 0.561), while those in the pregnancy/lactation warning condition did it by 3.8 pp. (95 % CI [−0.071, −0.005], <em>p</em> = 0.025, OR = 0.806). The driving-drinking warning had no significant effect. Participants exposed to the combined warnings label, or the assorted warnings reduced alcohol purchase decisions by 6.1 pp. (95 % CI [−0.095, −0.028], <em>p</em> < 0.001, OR = 0.708) and 4.3 pp. (95 % CI [−0.076, −0.010], <em>p</em> = 0.011, OR = 0.782), respectively. Cancer warning outperformed other labels and was effective for subgroups such as pregnant/lactating women, young adults, and low-income individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>General cancer risk warnings are more effective at reducing alcohol purchase decisions compared to warning labels for specific groups or labels using multiple warnings. In addition to warning labels, other policies should be considered for addressing well-known alcohol-related risks (e.g., drinking and driving).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 108087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0