Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108417
Justin T. McDaniel , Ryan Redner , Sulamunn R.M. Coleman , Elias M. Klemperer , Fang Fang Chen , Hypatia A. Bolívar , Stephen T. Higgins
Objective
Examine nationally representative U.S. data to determine trends in cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence, and quit ratios among females by rurality and veteran status between 2002 and 2023.
Methods
Data were obtained from the 2002–2023 files (N = 454,981) of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Adult female respondents were categorized by rural/urban residence and veteran/nonveteran status to examine smoking outcomes across 3-year intervals. To adjust for non-response, selection probability, and post-stratification, analyses were conducted using survey weighted logistic regression models controlling for socio-demographic covariates.
Results
Smoking prevalence was higher among rural versus urban residents (aOR = 1.55, 95 %CI = 1.43, 1.67) and veterans versus nonveterans (aOR = 1.72, 95 %CI = 1.36, 2.17). Nicotine dependence was higher among rural versus urban residents (aOR = 1.84, 95 %CI = 1.66, 2.03) and veterans versus nonveterans (aOR = 1.49, 95 %CI = 1.08, 2.06). Quit ratios were lower in rural versus urban residents (aOR = 0.70, 95 %CI = 0.63, 0.78), but not among veterans (aOR = 0.83, 95 % CI = 0.62, 1.10). Rates of decline over time in smoking prevalence and nicotine dependence, as well as increases in quit ratios, were lower among rural residents (p's < 0.001) whereas changes by veteran status did not interact with time.
Conclusions
Results across 21 years from a nationally representative US survey substantiate a growing rural-urban disparity in smoking that disproportionately impacts rural females. We also identified a disparity that disproportionately impacts veteran compared to nonveteran females. Thus, rural and veteran female populations need targeted treatment interventions.
目的：检查具有全国代表性的美国数据，以确定2002年至2023年间农村和退伍军人身份的女性吸烟、尼古丁依赖和戒烟比例的趋势。方法：数据来源于2002-2023年全国药物使用与健康调查档案（N = 454,981）。成年女性受访者按农村/城市居住地和退伍军人/非退伍军人身份进行分类，以检查每隔3年的吸烟结果。为了调整无反应、选择概率和后分层，使用调查加权逻辑回归模型进行分析，控制社会人口统计学协变量。结果:农村与城市居民吸烟率较高(aOR = 1.55,95 % CI = 1.43,1.67)和退伍军人和非退伍(aOR = 1.72,95 CI % = 1.36,2.17)。尼古丁依赖较高的农村和城市居民(aOR = 1.84,95 % CI = 1.66,2.03)和退伍军人和非退伍(aOR = 1.49,95 CI % = 1.08,2.06)。在农村和城市居民戒烟率较低(aOR = 0.70,95 % CI = 0.63,0.78),但不是在退伍军人(aOR = 0.83,95 CI % = 0.62,1.10)。随着时间的推移，吸烟率和尼古丁依赖性的下降率以及戒烟率的增加率在农村居民中较低（p's ）。结论：一项具有全国代表性的美国调查的21 年的结果证实，农村和城市在吸烟方面的差距越来越大，对农村女性的影响尤为严重。我们还发现，与非退伍女性相比，退伍女性受到的影响不成比例。因此，农村和退伍妇女群体需要有针对性的治疗干预措施。
{"title":"Cigarette smoking prevalence, nicotine dependence, and quit ratios among U.S. adult females by residence and military-veteran status: 2002–2023","authors":"Justin T. McDaniel , Ryan Redner , Sulamunn R.M. Coleman , Elias M. Klemperer , Fang Fang Chen , Hypatia A. Bolívar , Stephen T. Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Examine nationally representative U.S. data to determine trends in cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence, and quit ratios among females by rurality and veteran status between 2002 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from the 2002–2023 files (<em>N</em> = 454,981) of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Adult female respondents were categorized by rural/urban residence and veteran/nonveteran status to examine smoking outcomes across 3-year intervals. To adjust for non-response, selection probability, and post-stratification, analyses were conducted using survey weighted logistic regression models controlling for socio-demographic covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Smoking prevalence was higher among rural versus urban residents (aOR = 1.55, 95 %CI = 1.43, 1.67) and veterans versus nonveterans (aOR = 1.72, 95 %CI = 1.36, 2.17). Nicotine dependence was higher among rural versus urban residents (aOR = 1.84, 95 %CI = 1.66, 2.03) and veterans versus nonveterans (aOR = 1.49, 95 %CI = 1.08, 2.06). Quit ratios were lower in rural versus urban residents (aOR = 0.70, 95 %CI = 0.63, 0.78), but not among veterans (aOR = 0.83, 95 % CI = 0.62, 1.10). Rates of decline over time in smoking prevalence and nicotine dependence, as well as increases in quit ratios, were lower among rural residents (p's < 0.001) whereas changes by veteran status did not interact with time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results across 21 years from a nationally representative US survey substantiate a growing rural-urban disparity in smoking that disproportionately impacts rural females. We also identified a disparity that disproportionately impacts veteran compared to nonveteran females. Thus, rural and veteran female populations need targeted treatment interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108414
Katherine E. Menson , Diann E. Gaalema , Brian R. Katz , Jennifer W. Tidey , Dustin C. Lee , Shirley Plucinski , Michael DeSarno , Stephen T. Higgins
Objective
Reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes decreases smoking, which is enhanced by access to preferred-flavor e-cigarettes. Smoking increases risk of cardiopulmonary disease, but effects of very-low-nicotine-content cigarettes (VLNCs) in combination with e-cigarettes are unknown. Health effects of nicotine-reduction approaches must be examined.
Methods
Data were from three randomized controlled trials conducted at the University of Vermont, Brown University, and Johns Hopkins University (October 2020–November 2023). Effects, within vulnerable populations, of 16 weeks of normal nicotine content cigarettes (NNC), VLNCs only, VLNCs plus e-cigarettes in only tobacco flavor (VLNC+TF), or VLNCs in combination with the option to select from eight commonly preferred flavors (VLNC+PF) were tested. Cardiopulmonary measures included vital signs and subjective respiratory symptoms. Effect of experimental condition on outcomes were examined using multivariable linear mixed models controlling for baseline values, age, sex, study week, and vulnerable population (lower-educated women [n = 80], those with opioid use disorder [n = 74], or affective disorders [n = 172]).
Results
Most (243/326, 74.5 %) participants were high-risk for cardiopulmonary disease (i.e., hypertension). There were no significant effects of experimental condition on objective cardiac or pulmonary measures. Within respiratory symptoms there were significant effects of condition on subjective ratings of cough severity especially among patients with preexisting disease (F(3,48) = 4.02, p = 0.01, partial η2 = 0.08) with higher severity ratings in the NNC and VLNC+PF compared to VLNC alone or VLNC+TF conditions (Ps < 0.05).
Conclusions
Combining VLNCs with e-cigarettes in preferred flavors appears to have no adverse effects on objective cardiopulmonary measures but may increase subjective ratings of cough severity in higher-risk pulmonary subpopulations.
{"title":"Cardiopulmonary effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes with and without access to e-cigarettes in vulnerable populations","authors":"Katherine E. Menson , Diann E. Gaalema , Brian R. Katz , Jennifer W. Tidey , Dustin C. Lee , Shirley Plucinski , Michael DeSarno , Stephen T. Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes decreases smoking, which is enhanced by access to preferred-flavor e-cigarettes. Smoking increases risk of cardiopulmonary disease, but effects of very-low-nicotine-content cigarettes (VLNCs) in combination with e-cigarettes are unknown. Health effects of nicotine-reduction approaches must be examined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were from three randomized controlled trials conducted at the University of Vermont, Brown University, and Johns Hopkins University (October 2020–November 2023). Effects, within vulnerable populations, of 16 weeks of normal nicotine content cigarettes (NNC), VLNCs only, VLNCs plus e-cigarettes in only tobacco flavor (VLNC+TF), or VLNCs in combination with the option to select from eight commonly preferred flavors (VLNC+PF) were tested. Cardiopulmonary measures included vital signs and subjective respiratory symptoms. Effect of experimental condition on outcomes were examined using multivariable linear mixed models controlling for baseline values, age, sex, study week, and vulnerable population (lower-educated women [<em>n</em> = 80], those with opioid use disorder [<em>n</em> = 74], or affective disorders [<em>n</em> = 172]).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most (243/326, 74.5 %) participants were high-risk for cardiopulmonary disease (i.e., hypertension). There were no significant effects of experimental condition on objective cardiac or pulmonary measures. Within respiratory symptoms there were significant effects of condition on subjective ratings of cough severity especially among patients with preexisting disease (F(3,48) = 4.02, <em>p</em> = 0.01, partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.08) with higher severity ratings in the NNC and VLNC+PF compared to VLNC alone or VLNC+TF conditions (Ps < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Combining VLNCs with e-cigarettes in preferred flavors appears to have no adverse effects on objective cardiopulmonary measures but may increase subjective ratings of cough severity in higher-risk pulmonary subpopulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108415
Olena Tigova , Yolanda Castellano , Marcela Fu , Pete Driezen , Cristina Martínez , Anne C.K. Quah , Geoffrey T. Fong , Esteve Fernández
Objective
To assess the prevalence and associated factors of smoke-free homes (SFHs) among Spanish adults who smoke across three cohort waves, and to identify determinants of SFH adoption during follow-up (2016–2021).
Methods
The International Tobacco Control EUREST-PLUS Spain Survey is a nationally representative cohort of ∼1000 adults (≥18 years) who smoke surveyed in 2016, 2018, and 2021. First, we conducted repeated cross-sectional analysis to estimate the prevalence of SFHs at each wave. Second, we estimated incidence and risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for SFH adoption during the follow-up using adjusted generalised linear models. Independent variables included sociodemographics, smoking characteristics, and beliefs about second-hand smoke harms.
Results
SFH prevalence was 13.1 % in 2016, 19.0 % in 2018, and 31.5 % in 2021 (p trend <0.001). Quitting smoking (RR = 2.66; 95 % CI: 2.10, 3.36), remaining in any stage other than precontemplation (RR = 1.76; 1.13, 2.73) and progressing beyond precontemplation stage (RR = 2.59; 1.99, 3.37) were determinants of SFH adoption. Maintaining moderate or high nicotine dependence (RR = 0.46; 0.30, 0.69) was inversely associated with SFH adoption.
Conclusions
SFH prevalence among Spanish adults who smoke increased in 2016–2021. Initiatives promoting SFHs should encourage progression through the stages of change towards cessation and provide tailored support for individuals with high nicotine dependence.
{"title":"Determinants of smoke-free homes adoption among Spanish adults who smoke: A prospective cohort study from the 2016–2021 International Tobacco Control (ITC) EUREST-PLUS Spain Surveys","authors":"Olena Tigova , Yolanda Castellano , Marcela Fu , Pete Driezen , Cristina Martínez , Anne C.K. Quah , Geoffrey T. Fong , Esteve Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the prevalence and associated factors of smoke-free homes (SFHs) among Spanish adults who smoke across three cohort waves, and to identify determinants of SFH adoption during follow-up (2016–2021).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The International Tobacco Control EUREST-PLUS Spain Survey is a nationally representative cohort of ∼1000 adults (≥18 years) who smoke surveyed in 2016, 2018, and 2021. First, we conducted repeated cross-sectional analysis to estimate the prevalence of SFHs at each wave. Second, we estimated incidence and risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for SFH adoption during the follow-up using adjusted generalised linear models. Independent variables included sociodemographics, smoking characteristics, and beliefs about second-hand smoke harms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SFH prevalence was 13.1 % in 2016, 19.0 % in 2018, and 31.5 % in 2021 (p trend <0.001). Quitting smoking (RR = 2.66; 95 % CI: 2.10, 3.36), remaining in any stage other than precontemplation (RR = 1.76; 1.13, 2.73) and progressing beyond precontemplation stage (RR = 2.59; 1.99, 3.37) were determinants of SFH adoption. Maintaining moderate or high nicotine dependence (RR = 0.46; 0.30, 0.69) was inversely associated with SFH adoption.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SFH prevalence among Spanish adults who smoke increased in 2016–2021. Initiatives promoting SFHs should encourage progression through the stages of change towards cessation and provide tailored support for individuals with high nicotine dependence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108416
Frida Söderström , Elin Ekblom-Bak , Sofia Paulsson , Daniel Väisänen
Objective
The aims were to investigate the association between youth physical activity and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life in men and women and whether mid-life lifestyle-associated factors, including exercise, smoking, Body Mass Index (BMI), and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), mediate this association.
Methods
Data from 269,431 Swedish participants (52 % men) who participated in occupational health profile assessments between 1995 and 2023 were included. Youth physical activity was self-reported as overall participation in school-based physical education and physical activity outside school before age 20. CVD incidence was obtained from national registers. Mediation analyses assessed mid-life lifestyle-associated factors' influence on the association.
Results
Compared to those reporting no physical education participation, participation in only physical education was associated with a 18 % lower risk for CVD later in life (HR = 0.82, 95 % CI 0.70,0.95). Participating in additional physical activity outside school yielded varying risk estimates (HR = 0.78, 95 % CI 0.67,0.90 for one to two times/week; HR = 0.84, 95 % CI 0.73,0.97 for three to five times/week). VO2max, BMI, and smoking mediated 16 %–32 % of the association. In the single mediation model, cardiorespiratory fitness explicitly mediated the association in those who participated in physical education and at least one weekly sessions of physical activity outside school.
Conclusion
Youth refraining from participating in physical education class could be considered a risk group for later-life CVD. Mediation analyses suggest that engaging in only physical education or with additional physical activity outside school in youth, may confer more healthy behaviour in mid-life, which explain the lower CVD risk.
目的探讨青年体育活动与成年后心血管疾病（CVD）风险之间的关系，以及中年生活方式相关因素（包括运动、吸烟、体重指数（BMI）和心肺功能（VO2max））是否介导了这种关系。方法纳入1995年至2023年间参加职业健康概况评估的269,431名瑞典参与者（52%为男性）的数据。青少年体育活动自我报告为20岁前参加校本体育教育和校外体育活动的总体情况。心血管疾病发病率来自国家登记册。中介分析评估了中年生活方式相关因素对该关联的影响。结果与没有参加体育锻炼的人相比，只参加体育锻炼的人晚年患心血管疾病的风险降低18% （HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.70,0.95）。参加校外额外的体育活动产生了不同的风险估计（HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.67,0.90, 1 - 2次/周；HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73,0.97, 3 - 5次/周）。最大摄氧量（VO2max）、体重指数（BMI）和吸烟介导了16% - 32%的相关性。在单一中介模型中，心肺健康在参加体育教育和每周至少一次校外体育活动的人群中显着介导了这种关联。结论不参加体育课的青少年是晚年心血管疾病的高危人群。中介分析表明，在青年时期只参加体育教育或在校外进行额外的体育活动，可能会给中年带来更健康的行为，这解释了较低的心血管疾病风险。
{"title":"Physical activity in youth and cardiovascular disease risk in later-life: Mediation by mid-life factors in a large cohort of Swedish adults","authors":"Frida Söderström , Elin Ekblom-Bak , Sofia Paulsson , Daniel Väisänen","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aims were to investigate the association between youth physical activity and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life in men and women and whether mid-life lifestyle-associated factors, including exercise, smoking, Body Mass Index (BMI), and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO<sub>2</sub>max), mediate this association.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 269,431 Swedish participants (52 % men) who participated in occupational health profile assessments between 1995 and 2023 were included. Youth physical activity was self-reported as overall participation in school-based physical education and physical activity outside school before age 20. CVD incidence was obtained from national registers. Mediation analyses assessed mid-life lifestyle-associated factors' influence on the association.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to those reporting no physical education participation, participation in only physical education was associated with a 18 % lower risk for CVD later in life (HR = 0.82, 95 % CI 0.70,0.95). Participating in additional physical activity outside school yielded varying risk estimates (HR = 0.78, 95 % CI 0.67,0.90 for one to two times/week; HR = 0.84, 95 % CI 0.73,0.97 for three to five times/week). VO<sub>2</sub>max, BMI, and smoking mediated 16 %–32 % of the association. In the single mediation model, cardiorespiratory fitness explicitly mediated the association in those who participated in physical education and at least one weekly sessions of physical activity outside school.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Youth refraining from participating in physical education class could be considered a risk group for later-life CVD. Mediation analyses suggest that engaging in only physical education or with additional physical activity outside school in youth, may confer more healthy behaviour in mid-life, which explain the lower CVD risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108413
Ian A. Silver , Jamie Newsome , Tova Cohen
Objective
This study examined the association between being involved in the criminal legal system prior to age 18 and access to medical coverage/care in adulthood.
Methods
Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 (NLSY-97) birth cohort – a United States based sample collected from 1997 to 2021 – was analyzed to estimate differences in the probability of having health coverage or accessing medical care across four groups with varying involvement in the criminal legal system prior to age 18.
Results
Arrests before 18 was associated with a 8.9 % reduction in health insurance endorsement (2003−2021), a 3 % reduction in routine check-up endorsement (2003–2021), and a 4 % increase in visiting a doctor when sick (2003–2008). Incarceration in juvenile facilities was associated with a 29 % decrease, a 16 % decrease, and a 21 % decrease in the three dependent variables (respectively). Incarceration in adult facilities before 18 was associated with a 36 % decrease, a 15 % decrease, and a 7 % increase in the three dependent variables (respectively).
Conclusions
Being arrested, incarcerated in a facility for juveniles, or incarcerated in an adult facility before 18 may be linked to reduced access to medical insurance and medical care during adulthood.
{"title":"Health inequalities: Is adolescent involvement in the legal system associated with reduced health care access and usage during adulthood?","authors":"Ian A. Silver , Jamie Newsome , Tova Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined the association between being involved in the criminal legal system prior to age 18 and access to medical coverage/care in adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 (NLSY-97) birth cohort – a United States based sample collected from 1997 to 2021 – was analyzed to estimate differences in the probability of having health coverage or accessing medical care across four groups with varying involvement in the criminal legal system prior to age 18.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Arrests before 18 was associated with a 8.9 % reduction in health insurance endorsement (2003−2021), a 3 % reduction in routine check-up endorsement (2003–2021), and a 4 % increase in visiting a doctor when sick (2003–2008). Incarceration in juvenile facilities was associated with a 29 % decrease, a 16 % decrease, and a 21 % decrease in the three dependent variables (respectively). Incarceration in adult facilities before 18 was associated with a 36 % decrease, a 15 % decrease, and a 7 % increase in the three dependent variables (respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Being arrested, incarcerated in a facility for juveniles, or incarcerated in an adult facility before 18 may be linked to reduced access to medical insurance and medical care during adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108411
Karla R. Wente , Sheila A. Dugan , Lynda H. Powell , Howard M. Kravitz , Kelly Karavolos , Imke Janssen
Objective
To determine if physical activity increase at midlife is associated with less cognitive decline over time.
Methods
The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, an ongoing longitudinal study, started in 1996 with a diverse cohort of midlife women, and. Included cognitive and physical activity tests. Analytic baseline for physical activity was the average of visits zero through six, prior to cognitive testing. Women missing educational levels or baseline stroke, or fewer than two baseline physical activity or three cognitive assessments, were excluded. Change in physical activity was calculated as difference between metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours at analytic baseline and visits nine, 12, 13, and 15 (2017). Cognitive baseline was defined at visit nine to reduce practice effects. Longitudinal association between physical activity change and cognition for processing speed [Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)], working memory [Digit Span Backwards (DSB)], and verbal episodic memory [East Boston Memory Test- delayed recall (EBMT-d)] were analyzed using mixed linear and Poisson regression models.
Results
Our sample consisted of 2020 women. Baseline MET hours/week was Mean (SD) 6.8 (2.4). Increases in MET hours/week from physical activity baseline was positively associated with higher SDMT scores over time, adjusting for sociodemographic, medical, and emotional-behavioral factors [β = 0.02 (0, 0.04)]. No significant associations were observed for the other two measures.
Conclusion
Physical activity increase was associated with higher processing speed over time but not with working or verbal episodic memory. Increased physical activity in midlife women may delay cognitive decline.
{"title":"Longitudinal association of change in physical activity and cognitive performance in midlife women: Study of women's health across the nation","authors":"Karla R. Wente , Sheila A. Dugan , Lynda H. Powell , Howard M. Kravitz , Kelly Karavolos , Imke Janssen","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine if physical activity increase at midlife is associated with less cognitive decline over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, an ongoing longitudinal study, started in 1996 with a diverse cohort of midlife women, and. Included cognitive and physical activity tests. Analytic baseline for physical activity was the average of visits zero through six, prior to cognitive testing. Women missing educational levels or baseline stroke, or fewer than two baseline physical activity or three cognitive assessments, were excluded. Change in physical activity was calculated as difference between metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours at analytic baseline and visits nine, 12, 13, and 15 (2017). Cognitive baseline was defined at visit nine to reduce practice effects. Longitudinal association between physical activity change and cognition for processing speed [Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)], working memory [Digit Span Backwards (DSB)], and verbal episodic memory [East Boston Memory Test- delayed recall (EBMT-d)] were analyzed using mixed linear and Poisson regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our sample consisted of 2020 women. Baseline MET hours/week was Mean (SD) 6.8 (2.4). Increases in MET hours/week from physical activity baseline was positively associated with higher SDMT scores over time, adjusting for sociodemographic, medical, and emotional-behavioral factors [β = 0.02 (0, 0.04)]. No significant associations were observed for the other two measures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Physical activity increase was associated with higher processing speed over time but not with working or verbal episodic memory. Increased physical activity in midlife women may delay cognitive decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108412
Chinenye Lynette Ejezie , Lea Sacca , Sara Burgoa , Yasmine Zerrouki , Olajumoke Ope Oladoyin , Precious Chiamaka Anunobi , Sarah E. Messiah
Objective
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been widely studied, leading to the development of various preventive interventions. However, the application of digital health strategies for SIDS prevention remains largely unexplored. This study was conducted to identify and characterize the digital health strategies that have been utilized to address SIDS.
Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews and the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework were used to guide this review. PubMed, CINAHL, and Ovid MEDLINE were searched for relevant peer-reviewed manuscripts published from database inception to April 2024. Peer-reviewed studies in English that utilized digital health strategies were included. Articles that did not explicitly indicate the use of digital health interventions for SIDS prevention were excluded.
Results
Eighteen peer-reviewed manuscripts were included in this review. The type of digital health technology and/or strategies used included video, livestream, digital document, online/web-based program, telephone, blog posts, Instagram post, home monitor, email, and text message. SIDS prevention efforts employed included education, sleep guidelines, sleep instructions, sleep recommendations, modeling, skills training, and safe sleep policy.
Conclusions
Overall, the application of digital health strategies for SIDS prevention remains limited. More research is needed to examine how digital health technologies can be better employed to address SIDS.
{"title":"Digital health strategies for sudden infant death syndrome prevention: A scoping review","authors":"Chinenye Lynette Ejezie , Lea Sacca , Sara Burgoa , Yasmine Zerrouki , Olajumoke Ope Oladoyin , Precious Chiamaka Anunobi , Sarah E. Messiah","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been widely studied, leading to the development of various preventive interventions. However, the application of digital health strategies for SIDS prevention remains largely unexplored. This study was conducted to identify and characterize the digital health strategies that have been utilized to address SIDS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews and the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework were used to guide this review. PubMed, CINAHL, and Ovid MEDLINE were searched for relevant peer-reviewed manuscripts published from database inception to April 2024. Peer-reviewed studies in English that utilized digital health strategies were included. Articles that did not explicitly indicate the use of digital health interventions for SIDS prevention were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighteen peer-reviewed manuscripts were included in this review. The type of digital health technology and/or strategies used included video, livestream, digital document, online/web-based program, telephone, blog posts, Instagram post, home monitor, email, and text message. SIDS prevention efforts employed included education, sleep guidelines, sleep instructions, sleep recommendations, modeling, skills training, and safe sleep policy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, the application of digital health strategies for SIDS prevention remains limited. More research is needed to examine how digital health technologies can be better employed to address SIDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108408
Hung-Chang Chou , Tsung-Yu Tsai , Huei Chung
Objective
Middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) are experiencing accelerated aging and a rising burden of non-communicable disease (NCD)-related comorbidities. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the burden of major NCDs—measured by prevalence, incidence, and mortality—among people living with HIV(PLWH) aged 40 years and older, in comparison to their HIV-negative counterparts.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline (1966-), Embase (1974-), Cochrane Library (1996-), Epistemonikos (established in 2012, with retrospective coverage), and Web of Science (1900-) to identify relevant studies published up to May 9, 2025. Meta-analyses limited to NCD categories with three or more comparable studies. Random-effects was performed using MetaXL software.
Results
Nineteen articles were included, and the majority reported prevalence estimates (13/19 studies). Our findings indicated pooled prevalence ratio estimates for cardiovascular diseases (1.17, [95 % confidence interval: 0.97–1.42]), cancers (1.23 [1.05–1.45]), diabetes (1.64 [1.19–2.27]), kidney diseases (2.26 [1.03–4.97]), chronic respiratory diseases (2.13 [0.82–5.53]) and mental illnesses (2.25 [1.82–2.78]). Subgroup analysis indicated a significantly high prevalence of depression (3.00 [2.17–4.16]). The pooled incident rate ratio for cancers was 3.99 (2.33–6.84) per 1000 person-years.
Conclusions
In the WPR, middle-aged and older adults living with HIV face an elevated burden of cancers, diabetes, kidney disorders, and mental health conditions. There is an urgent need to develop care strategies tailored to the specific needs of diverse populations, and further research is required to support the management of chronic respiratory diseases.
目的：西太平洋地区（WPR）感染艾滋病毒的中老年成年人正在经历加速老龄化和非传染性疾病（NCD）相关合并症负担的增加。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估40岁及以上艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）与艾滋病毒阴性人群的主要非传染性疾病负担（以患病率、发病率和死亡率衡量）。方法：通过Medline（1966-）、Embase（1974-）、Cochrane Library（1996-）、Epistemonikos（成立于2012年，回顾性覆盖）和Web of Science（1900-）进行全面的文献检索，找出截至2025年5月9日发表的相关研究。荟萃分析仅限于具有三个或更多可比较研究的非传染性疾病类别。采用MetaXL软件进行随机效应分析。结果：纳入了19篇文章，大多数报道了患病率估计（13/19项研究）。我们的研究结果显示，心血管疾病（1.17，[95 %置信区间：0.97-1.42]）、癌症（1.23[1.05-1.45]）、糖尿病（1.64[1.19-2.27]）、肾脏疾病（2.26[1.03-4.97]）、慢性呼吸系统疾病（2.13[0.82-5.53]）和精神疾病（2.25[1.82-2.78]）的总患病率估计。亚组分析显示抑郁症患病率明显较高（3.00[2.17-4.16]）。癌症的总发病率比为3.99(2.33-6.84)/ 1000人年。结论：在WPR中，携带艾滋病毒的中老年成年人面临癌症、糖尿病、肾脏疾病和精神健康状况的负担增加。迫切需要制定适合不同人群具体需求的护理战略，并需要进一步研究以支持慢性呼吸道疾病的管理。
{"title":"Non-communicable disease burden among middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific region: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hung-Chang Chou , Tsung-Yu Tsai , Huei Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) are experiencing accelerated aging and a rising burden of non-communicable disease (NCD)-related comorbidities. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the burden of major NCDs—measured by prevalence, incidence, and mortality—among people living with HIV(PLWH) aged 40 years and older, in comparison to their HIV-negative counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline (1966-), Embase (1974-), Cochrane Library (1996-), Epistemonikos (established in 2012, with retrospective coverage), and Web of Science (1900-) to identify relevant studies published up to May 9, 2025. Meta-analyses limited to NCD categories with three or more comparable studies. Random-effects was performed using MetaXL software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nineteen articles were included, and the majority reported prevalence estimates (13/19 studies). Our findings indicated pooled prevalence ratio estimates for cardiovascular diseases (1.17, [95 % confidence interval: 0.97–1.42]), cancers (1.23 [1.05–1.45]), diabetes (1.64 [1.19–2.27]), kidney diseases (2.26 [1.03–4.97]), chronic respiratory diseases (2.13 [0.82–5.53]) and mental illnesses (2.25 [1.82–2.78]). Subgroup analysis indicated a significantly high prevalence of depression (3.00 [2.17–4.16]). The pooled incident rate ratio for cancers was 3.99 (2.33–6.84) per 1000 person-years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the WPR, middle-aged and older adults living with HIV face an elevated burden of cancers, diabetes, kidney disorders, and mental health conditions. There is an urgent need to develop care strategies tailored to the specific needs of diverse populations, and further research is required to support the management of chronic respiratory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108407
Shun Yi , Pedro Marques-Vidal
Objective
To evaluate sex-specific trends in diabetes management in Switzerland over a 25-year period using nationally representative data, and to determine whether menopausal status modifies these differences.
Methods
We analyzed six Swiss Health Surveys (1997–2022) to assess sex differences in diabetes screening, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Multivariable logistic regressions were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle covariates. Age-stratified analyses explored life-stage-specific patterns, using age > 50 as a proxy for menopausal status.
Results
A total of 80,133 participants (54.5 % female) were included. After multivariable adjustment, females showed a higher likelihood of recent diabetes screening than males across all survey years (e.g., OR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.12–1.28 in 2022), with no evidence of narrowing over time. Conversely, females had a consistently lower likelihood of being diagnosed with diabetes (e.g., OR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.63–0.81 in 2022) and of being treated once diagnosed (e.g., OR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.40–0.80 in 2022), with no temporal improvement. No significant sex differences in diabetes control were observed among those treated. Age-stratified analyses revealed that sex disparities varied by age, potentially reflecting that life-stage-related factors may contribute to the observed disparities.
Conclusions
This study highlights persistent, age-modulated sex differences in diabetes management over two decades in Switzerland. While diabetes control was similar between sexes once treatment was initiated, inequities in screening, diagnosis, and treatment remain.
{"title":"Persistent sex differences in diabetes management (1997–2022): 25 years of national evidence from the Swiss Health Survey","authors":"Shun Yi , Pedro Marques-Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate sex-specific trends in diabetes management in Switzerland over a 25-year period using nationally representative data, and to determine whether menopausal status modifies these differences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed six Swiss Health Surveys (1997–2022) to assess sex differences in diabetes screening, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Multivariable logistic regressions were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle covariates. Age-stratified analyses explored life-stage-specific patterns, using age > 50 as a proxy for menopausal status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 80,133 participants (54.5 % female) were included. After multivariable adjustment, females showed a higher likelihood of recent diabetes screening than males across all survey years (e.g., OR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.12–1.28 in 2022), with no evidence of narrowing over time. Conversely, females had a consistently lower likelihood of being diagnosed with diabetes (e.g., OR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.63–0.81 in 2022) and of being treated once diagnosed (e.g., OR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.40–0.80 in 2022), with no temporal improvement. No significant sex differences in diabetes control were observed among those treated. Age-stratified analyses revealed that sex disparities varied by age, potentially reflecting that life-stage-related factors may contribute to the observed disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights persistent, age-modulated sex differences in diabetes management over two decades in Switzerland. While diabetes control was similar between sexes once treatment was initiated, inequities in screening, diagnosis, and treatment remain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108393
Changfeng Ning, Menglu Li, Linna Ge
{"title":"Retraction notice to “The preventive effect of PNF stretching exercise on sports injuries in physical education based on IoT data monitoring” [Preventive Medicine 173 (2023) 107591]","authors":"Changfeng Ning, Menglu Li, Linna Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 108393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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