Pub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108413
Ian A. Silver , Jamie Newsome , Tova Cohen
Objective
This study examined the association between being involved in the criminal legal system prior to age 18 and access to medical coverage/care in adulthood.
Methods
Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 (NLSY-97) birth cohort – a United States based sample collected from 1997 to 2021 – was analyzed to estimate differences in the probability of having health coverage or accessing medical care across four groups with varying involvement in the criminal legal system prior to age 18.
Results
Arrests before 18 was associated with a 8.9 % reduction in health insurance endorsement (2003−2021), a 3 % reduction in routine check-up endorsement (2003–2021), and a 4 % increase in visiting a doctor when sick (2003–2008). Incarceration in juvenile facilities was associated with a 29 % decrease, a 16 % decrease, and a 21 % decrease in the three dependent variables (respectively). Incarceration in adult facilities before 18 was associated with a 36 % decrease, a 15 % decrease, and a 7 % increase in the three dependent variables (respectively).
Conclusions
Being arrested, incarcerated in a facility for juveniles, or incarcerated in an adult facility before 18 may be linked to reduced access to medical insurance and medical care during adulthood.
{"title":"Health inequalities: Is adolescent involvement in the legal system associated with reduced health care access and usage during adulthood?","authors":"Ian A. Silver , Jamie Newsome , Tova Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined the association between being involved in the criminal legal system prior to age 18 and access to medical coverage/care in adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 (NLSY-97) birth cohort – a United States based sample collected from 1997 to 2021 – was analyzed to estimate differences in the probability of having health coverage or accessing medical care across four groups with varying involvement in the criminal legal system prior to age 18.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Arrests before 18 was associated with a 8.9 % reduction in health insurance endorsement (2003−2021), a 3 % reduction in routine check-up endorsement (2003–2021), and a 4 % increase in visiting a doctor when sick (2003–2008). Incarceration in juvenile facilities was associated with a 29 % decrease, a 16 % decrease, and a 21 % decrease in the three dependent variables (respectively). Incarceration in adult facilities before 18 was associated with a 36 % decrease, a 15 % decrease, and a 7 % increase in the three dependent variables (respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Being arrested, incarcerated in a facility for juveniles, or incarcerated in an adult facility before 18 may be linked to reduced access to medical insurance and medical care during adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108411
Karla R. Wente , Sheila A. Dugan , Lynda H. Powell , Howard M. Kravitz , Kelly Karavolos , Imke Janssen
Objective
To determine if physical activity increase at midlife is associated with less cognitive decline over time.
Methods
The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, an ongoing longitudinal study, started in 1996 with a diverse cohort of midlife women, and. Included cognitive and physical activity tests. Analytic baseline for physical activity was the average of visits zero through six, prior to cognitive testing. Women missing educational levels or baseline stroke, or fewer than two baseline physical activity or three cognitive assessments, were excluded. Change in physical activity was calculated as difference between metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours at analytic baseline and visits nine, 12, 13, and 15 (2017). Cognitive baseline was defined at visit nine to reduce practice effects. Longitudinal association between physical activity change and cognition for processing speed [Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)], working memory [Digit Span Backwards (DSB)], and verbal episodic memory [East Boston Memory Test- delayed recall (EBMT-d)] were analyzed using mixed linear and Poisson regression models.
Results
Our sample consisted of 2020 women. Baseline MET hours/week was Mean (SD) 6.8 (2.4). Increases in MET hours/week from physical activity baseline was positively associated with higher SDMT scores over time, adjusting for sociodemographic, medical, and emotional-behavioral factors [β = 0.02 (0, 0.04)]. No significant associations were observed for the other two measures.
Conclusion
Physical activity increase was associated with higher processing speed over time but not with working or verbal episodic memory. Increased physical activity in midlife women may delay cognitive decline.
{"title":"Longitudinal association of change in physical activity and cognitive performance in midlife women: Study of women's health across the nation","authors":"Karla R. Wente , Sheila A. Dugan , Lynda H. Powell , Howard M. Kravitz , Kelly Karavolos , Imke Janssen","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine if physical activity increase at midlife is associated with less cognitive decline over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, an ongoing longitudinal study, started in 1996 with a diverse cohort of midlife women, and. Included cognitive and physical activity tests. Analytic baseline for physical activity was the average of visits zero through six, prior to cognitive testing. Women missing educational levels or baseline stroke, or fewer than two baseline physical activity or three cognitive assessments, were excluded. Change in physical activity was calculated as difference between metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours at analytic baseline and visits nine, 12, 13, and 15 (2017). Cognitive baseline was defined at visit nine to reduce practice effects. Longitudinal association between physical activity change and cognition for processing speed [Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)], working memory [Digit Span Backwards (DSB)], and verbal episodic memory [East Boston Memory Test- delayed recall (EBMT-d)] were analyzed using mixed linear and Poisson regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our sample consisted of 2020 women. Baseline MET hours/week was Mean (SD) 6.8 (2.4). Increases in MET hours/week from physical activity baseline was positively associated with higher SDMT scores over time, adjusting for sociodemographic, medical, and emotional-behavioral factors [β = 0.02 (0, 0.04)]. No significant associations were observed for the other two measures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Physical activity increase was associated with higher processing speed over time but not with working or verbal episodic memory. Increased physical activity in midlife women may delay cognitive decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108412
Chinenye Lynette Ejezie , Lea Sacca , Sara Burgoa , Yasmine Zerrouki , Olajumoke Ope Oladoyin , Precious Chiamaka Anunobi , Sarah E. Messiah
Objective
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been widely studied, leading to the development of various preventive interventions. However, the application of digital health strategies for SIDS prevention remains largely unexplored. This study was conducted to identify and characterize the digital health strategies that have been utilized to address SIDS.
Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews and the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework were used to guide this review. PubMed, CINAHL, and Ovid MEDLINE were searched for relevant peer-reviewed manuscripts published from database inception to April 2024. Peer-reviewed studies in English that utilized digital health strategies were included. Articles that did not explicitly indicate the use of digital health interventions for SIDS prevention were excluded.
Results
Eighteen peer-reviewed manuscripts were included in this review. The type of digital health technology and/or strategies used included video, livestream, digital document, online/web-based program, telephone, blog posts, Instagram post, home monitor, email, and text message. SIDS prevention efforts employed included education, sleep guidelines, sleep instructions, sleep recommendations, modeling, skills training, and safe sleep policy.
Conclusions
Overall, the application of digital health strategies for SIDS prevention remains limited. More research is needed to examine how digital health technologies can be better employed to address SIDS.
{"title":"Digital health strategies for sudden infant death syndrome prevention: A scoping review","authors":"Chinenye Lynette Ejezie , Lea Sacca , Sara Burgoa , Yasmine Zerrouki , Olajumoke Ope Oladoyin , Precious Chiamaka Anunobi , Sarah E. Messiah","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been widely studied, leading to the development of various preventive interventions. However, the application of digital health strategies for SIDS prevention remains largely unexplored. This study was conducted to identify and characterize the digital health strategies that have been utilized to address SIDS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews and the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework were used to guide this review. PubMed, CINAHL, and Ovid MEDLINE were searched for relevant peer-reviewed manuscripts published from database inception to April 2024. Peer-reviewed studies in English that utilized digital health strategies were included. Articles that did not explicitly indicate the use of digital health interventions for SIDS prevention were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighteen peer-reviewed manuscripts were included in this review. The type of digital health technology and/or strategies used included video, livestream, digital document, online/web-based program, telephone, blog posts, Instagram post, home monitor, email, and text message. SIDS prevention efforts employed included education, sleep guidelines, sleep instructions, sleep recommendations, modeling, skills training, and safe sleep policy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, the application of digital health strategies for SIDS prevention remains limited. More research is needed to examine how digital health technologies can be better employed to address SIDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108408
Hung-Chang Chou , Tsung-Yu Tsai , Huei Chung
Objective
Middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) are experiencing accelerated aging and a rising burden of non-communicable disease (NCD)-related comorbidities. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the burden of major NCDs—measured by prevalence, incidence, and mortality—among people living with HIV(PLWH) aged 40 years and older, in comparison to their HIV-negative counterparts.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline (1966-), Embase (1974-), Cochrane Library (1996-), Epistemonikos (established in 2012, with retrospective coverage), and Web of Science (1900-) to identify relevant studies published up to May 9, 2025. Meta-analyses limited to NCD categories with three or more comparable studies. Random-effects was performed using MetaXL software.
Results
Nineteen articles were included, and the majority reported prevalence estimates (13/19 studies). Our findings indicated pooled prevalence ratio estimates for cardiovascular diseases (1.17, [95 % confidence interval: 0.97–1.42]), cancers (1.23 [1.05–1.45]), diabetes (1.64 [1.19–2.27]), kidney diseases (2.26 [1.03–4.97]), chronic respiratory diseases (2.13 [0.82–5.53]) and mental illnesses (2.25 [1.82–2.78]). Subgroup analysis indicated a significantly high prevalence of depression (3.00 [2.17–4.16]). The pooled incident rate ratio for cancers was 3.99 (2.33–6.84) per 1000 person-years.
Conclusions
In the WPR, middle-aged and older adults living with HIV face an elevated burden of cancers, diabetes, kidney disorders, and mental health conditions. There is an urgent need to develop care strategies tailored to the specific needs of diverse populations, and further research is required to support the management of chronic respiratory diseases.
目的：西太平洋地区（WPR）感染艾滋病毒的中老年成年人正在经历加速老龄化和非传染性疾病（NCD）相关合并症负担的增加。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估40岁及以上艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）与艾滋病毒阴性人群的主要非传染性疾病负担（以患病率、发病率和死亡率衡量）。方法：通过Medline（1966-）、Embase（1974-）、Cochrane Library（1996-）、Epistemonikos（成立于2012年，回顾性覆盖）和Web of Science（1900-）进行全面的文献检索，找出截至2025年5月9日发表的相关研究。荟萃分析仅限于具有三个或更多可比较研究的非传染性疾病类别。采用MetaXL软件进行随机效应分析。结果：纳入了19篇文章，大多数报道了患病率估计（13/19项研究）。我们的研究结果显示，心血管疾病（1.17，[95 %置信区间：0.97-1.42]）、癌症（1.23[1.05-1.45]）、糖尿病（1.64[1.19-2.27]）、肾脏疾病（2.26[1.03-4.97]）、慢性呼吸系统疾病（2.13[0.82-5.53]）和精神疾病（2.25[1.82-2.78]）的总患病率估计。亚组分析显示抑郁症患病率明显较高（3.00[2.17-4.16]）。癌症的总发病率比为3.99(2.33-6.84)/ 1000人年。结论：在WPR中，携带艾滋病毒的中老年成年人面临癌症、糖尿病、肾脏疾病和精神健康状况的负担增加。迫切需要制定适合不同人群具体需求的护理战略，并需要进一步研究以支持慢性呼吸道疾病的管理。
{"title":"Non-communicable disease burden among middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific region: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hung-Chang Chou , Tsung-Yu Tsai , Huei Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) are experiencing accelerated aging and a rising burden of non-communicable disease (NCD)-related comorbidities. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the burden of major NCDs—measured by prevalence, incidence, and mortality—among people living with HIV(PLWH) aged 40 years and older, in comparison to their HIV-negative counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline (1966-), Embase (1974-), Cochrane Library (1996-), Epistemonikos (established in 2012, with retrospective coverage), and Web of Science (1900-) to identify relevant studies published up to May 9, 2025. Meta-analyses limited to NCD categories with three or more comparable studies. Random-effects was performed using MetaXL software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nineteen articles were included, and the majority reported prevalence estimates (13/19 studies). Our findings indicated pooled prevalence ratio estimates for cardiovascular diseases (1.17, [95 % confidence interval: 0.97–1.42]), cancers (1.23 [1.05–1.45]), diabetes (1.64 [1.19–2.27]), kidney diseases (2.26 [1.03–4.97]), chronic respiratory diseases (2.13 [0.82–5.53]) and mental illnesses (2.25 [1.82–2.78]). Subgroup analysis indicated a significantly high prevalence of depression (3.00 [2.17–4.16]). The pooled incident rate ratio for cancers was 3.99 (2.33–6.84) per 1000 person-years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the WPR, middle-aged and older adults living with HIV face an elevated burden of cancers, diabetes, kidney disorders, and mental health conditions. There is an urgent need to develop care strategies tailored to the specific needs of diverse populations, and further research is required to support the management of chronic respiratory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108407
Shun Yi , Pedro Marques-Vidal
Objective
To evaluate sex-specific trends in diabetes management in Switzerland over a 25-year period using nationally representative data, and to determine whether menopausal status modifies these differences.
Methods
We analyzed six Swiss Health Surveys (1997–2022) to assess sex differences in diabetes screening, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Multivariable logistic regressions were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle covariates. Age-stratified analyses explored life-stage-specific patterns, using age > 50 as a proxy for menopausal status.
Results
A total of 80,133 participants (54.5 % female) were included. After multivariable adjustment, females showed a higher likelihood of recent diabetes screening than males across all survey years (e.g., OR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.12–1.28 in 2022), with no evidence of narrowing over time. Conversely, females had a consistently lower likelihood of being diagnosed with diabetes (e.g., OR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.63–0.81 in 2022) and of being treated once diagnosed (e.g., OR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.40–0.80 in 2022), with no temporal improvement. No significant sex differences in diabetes control were observed among those treated. Age-stratified analyses revealed that sex disparities varied by age, potentially reflecting that life-stage-related factors may contribute to the observed disparities.
Conclusions
This study highlights persistent, age-modulated sex differences in diabetes management over two decades in Switzerland. While diabetes control was similar between sexes once treatment was initiated, inequities in screening, diagnosis, and treatment remain.
{"title":"Persistent sex differences in diabetes management (1997–2022): 25 years of national evidence from the Swiss Health Survey","authors":"Shun Yi , Pedro Marques-Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate sex-specific trends in diabetes management in Switzerland over a 25-year period using nationally representative data, and to determine whether menopausal status modifies these differences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed six Swiss Health Surveys (1997–2022) to assess sex differences in diabetes screening, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Multivariable logistic regressions were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle covariates. Age-stratified analyses explored life-stage-specific patterns, using age > 50 as a proxy for menopausal status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 80,133 participants (54.5 % female) were included. After multivariable adjustment, females showed a higher likelihood of recent diabetes screening than males across all survey years (e.g., OR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.12–1.28 in 2022), with no evidence of narrowing over time. Conversely, females had a consistently lower likelihood of being diagnosed with diabetes (e.g., OR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.63–0.81 in 2022) and of being treated once diagnosed (e.g., OR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.40–0.80 in 2022), with no temporal improvement. No significant sex differences in diabetes control were observed among those treated. Age-stratified analyses revealed that sex disparities varied by age, potentially reflecting that life-stage-related factors may contribute to the observed disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights persistent, age-modulated sex differences in diabetes management over two decades in Switzerland. While diabetes control was similar between sexes once treatment was initiated, inequities in screening, diagnosis, and treatment remain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108393
Changfeng Ning, Menglu Li, Linna Ge
{"title":"Retraction notice to “The preventive effect of PNF stretching exercise on sports injuries in physical education based on IoT data monitoring” [Preventive Medicine 173 (2023) 107591]","authors":"Changfeng Ning, Menglu Li, Linna Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 108393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108392
A. Reinhart , A. Alayli , S. Beierle , A. Löffler , B. Reißig , S. Walper , S. Kuger , F. De Bock
Objective
Children, young people, and families (CYF) with psychosocial strains face elevated risks for mental health problems. Preventive mental health services in health, education, and social sectors can reduce this risk, but are often underused or have waiting times. While some data on barriers to use from clients' perspectives exist, the professionals' perspective is also important, particularly for understanding barriers at the side of providers and organizations and identifying solutions. This study examines barriers to accessing and using services from the perspective of professionals in multiple sectors.
Methods
Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals from the health, education, and social sectors in socioeconomically disadvantaged districts of two German cities in 2024. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded using thematic analysis.
Results
Professionals described barriers at the (1) Client level (e.g., feeling ashamed using psychosocial services), (2) Provider level (e.g., insufficient knowledge about services), (3) Organizational level (e.g., responsibility or expertise not fitting families' needs), and (4) System level (e.g., long waiting times). To address barriers, professionals suggested trust-building with families, establishing contact and collaboration with other professionals, and building one-stop-shop models of co-located services to overcome parents' time constraints when children need multiple services.
Conclusions
Professionals are key to identifying barriers to preventive mental health service access and use in psychosocially strained CYF and finding solutions. Intersectoral exchange with other professionals can increase service awareness from other institutions and guide intersectoral collaboration. Barriers must be addressed holistically across levels and sectors to effectively overcome them.
{"title":"Barriers to accessing and using preventive mental health services for psychosocially strained children and families in Germany: Perspectives of professionals from different sectors","authors":"A. Reinhart , A. Alayli , S. Beierle , A. Löffler , B. Reißig , S. Walper , S. Kuger , F. De Bock","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Children, young people, and families (CYF) with psychosocial strains face elevated risks for mental health problems. Preventive mental health services in health, education, and social sectors can reduce this risk, but are often underused or have waiting times. While some data on barriers to use from clients' perspectives exist, the professionals' perspective is also important, particularly for understanding barriers at the side of providers and organizations and identifying solutions. This study examines barriers to accessing and using services from the perspective of professionals in multiple sectors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals from the health, education, and social sectors in socioeconomically disadvantaged districts of two German cities in 2024. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded using thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Professionals described barriers at the (1) Client level (e.g., feeling ashamed using psychosocial services), (2) Provider level (e.g., insufficient knowledge about services), (3) Organizational level (e.g., responsibility or expertise not fitting families' needs), and (4) System level (e.g., long waiting times). To address barriers, professionals suggested trust-building with families, establishing contact and collaboration with other professionals, and building one-stop-shop models of co-located services to overcome parents' time constraints when children need multiple services.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Professionals are key to identifying barriers to preventive mental health service access and use in psychosocially strained CYF and finding solutions. Intersectoral exchange with other professionals can increase service awareness from other institutions and guide intersectoral collaboration. Barriers must be addressed holistically across levels and sectors to effectively overcome them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108398
Jian Lei, Claire Fitzsimons, Marie Murphy, Ailsa Niven
Objective
To examine what is known about the role of Temporary Urban Environment Changes (TUECs) in promoting physical activity in urban contexts.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We systematically searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO, with screening and selection based on predefined criteria. Searches were completed in September 2024.
Results
Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, mostly published after 2019 and set in high- income countries (primarily the United States and Europe). Five TUECs categories were identified: Open/Play Streets and Ciclovía, pop-up cycle lanes, pop-up parks, parklets/plazas, and other. Walking and cycling were the most frequently supported activities; 38 studies reported a beneficial direction of effect on physical activity and 4 were inconclusive. The evidence base is dominated by observational or cross-sectional designs, with inconsistent theoretical framing and heterogeneous physical-activity measures (mostly self-report or on-site observation, with few device-based measures). Equity dimensions, including reach among inactive groups, deprivation, disability and age, were rarely examined.
Conclusion
TUECs offer a flexible and increasingly relevant approach to supporting physical activity in urban environments. This review consolidates a fragmented evidence base and proposes a coherent lens for understanding how temporary spatial interventions are conceptualised, operationalised, and evaluated. As urban areas seek scalable, health-oriented solutions, TUECs deserve closer attention—not as isolated experiments, but as strategic tools within broader public health and urban planning agendas.
目的：研究在城市环境中，临时城市环境变化（TUECs）在促进身体活动中的作用。方法：我们根据系统评价的首选报告项目和范围评价的元分析扩展进行了范围评价。我们系统地检索了MEDLINE （Ovid）、Web of Science、PubMed、SPORTDiscus、CINAHL、Scopus和PsycINFO，并根据预先设定的标准进行筛选和选择。搜寻工作于2024年9月完成。结果：42项研究符合纳入标准，主要发表于2019年之后，并设置在高收入国家（主要是美国和欧洲）。确定了五个TUECs类别：开放/游戏街和Ciclovía，弹出式自行车道，弹出式公园，小公园/广场等。步行和骑自行车是最常被支持的活动；38项研究报告了对身体活动的有益影响，4项研究尚无定论。证据基础主要是观察性或横断面设计，具有不一致的理论框架和异质性的身体活动测量（主要是自我报告或现场观察，很少有基于设备的测量）。公平方面，包括在不活动群体、贫困、残疾和年龄之间的接触，很少得到审查。结论：tuec为支持城市环境中的身体活动提供了一种灵活且日益相关的方法。这篇综述整合了支离破碎的证据基础，并提出了一个连贯的视角来理解临时空间干预措施是如何概念化、操作化和评估的。随着城市地区寻求可扩展的、以健康为导向的解决方案，tuec应该得到更密切的关注——不是作为孤立的实验，而是作为更广泛的公共卫生和城市规划议程中的战略工具。
{"title":"Temporary urban environment changes to promote physical activity in urban populations: A scoping review","authors":"Jian Lei, Claire Fitzsimons, Marie Murphy, Ailsa Niven","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine what is known about the role of Temporary Urban Environment Changes (TUECs) in promoting physical activity in urban contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a scoping review in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We systematically searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO, with screening and selection based on predefined criteria. Searches were completed in September 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, mostly published after 2019 and set in high- income countries (primarily the United States and Europe). Five TUECs categories were identified: Open/Play Streets and Ciclovía, pop-up cycle lanes, pop-up parks, parklets/plazas, and other. Walking and cycling were the most frequently supported activities; 38 studies reported a beneficial direction of effect on physical activity and 4 were inconclusive. The evidence base is dominated by observational or cross-sectional designs, with inconsistent theoretical framing and heterogeneous physical-activity measures (mostly self-report or on-site observation, with few device-based measures). Equity dimensions, including reach among inactive groups, deprivation, disability and age, were rarely examined.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TUECs offer a flexible and increasingly relevant approach to supporting physical activity in urban environments. This review consolidates a fragmented evidence base and proposes a coherent lens for understanding how temporary spatial interventions are conceptualised, operationalised, and evaluated. As urban areas seek scalable, health-oriented solutions, TUECs deserve closer attention—not as isolated experiments, but as strategic tools within broader public health and urban planning agendas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108399
Seungbin Oh , Ryemi Do , Soyeon Kim
Objective
To compare temporal trends in suicide mortality among adolescents (10–19) and young adults (20–29) by sex across the United States, Canada, and South Korea from 2001 to 2023.
Methods
We analyzed national suicide mortality data from South Korea, the United States, and Canada. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and annual percent changes (APCs) and) by age and sex.
Results
Suicide rates declined or stabilized in the U.S. and Canada, except for steady increases among Canadian adolescent females (AAPC = 2.04). Despite these declines, U.S. young males continued to report the highest recent unadjusted suicide rates (28.7 per 100,000 in 2023). In South Korea, rates rose significantly across all groups, with sharp increases among females from 2015 to 2023 (APC = 10.91 for adolescents; APC = 7.42 for young adults).
Conclusion
Youth suicide trends vary across countries and by sex. South Korea's sharp and ongoing rise, especially among young females, highlights the urgent need for prevention strategies attuned to sex, age, and sociocultural context. Ongoing risks among Canadian adolescent females and the U.S. young males also warrant continued investment in targeted, evidence-based interventions.
{"title":"Temporal trends in suicide among adolescents and young adults in the United States, Canada, and South Korea: 2001–2023","authors":"Seungbin Oh , Ryemi Do , Soyeon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare temporal trends in suicide mortality among adolescents (10–19) and young adults (20–29) by sex across the United States, Canada, and South Korea from 2001 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed national suicide mortality data from South Korea, the United States, and Canada. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and annual percent changes (APCs) and) by age and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Suicide rates declined or stabilized in the U.S. and Canada, except for steady increases among Canadian adolescent females (AAPC = 2.04). Despite these declines, U.S. young males continued to report the highest recent unadjusted suicide rates (28.7 per 100,000 in 2023). In South Korea, rates rose significantly across all groups, with sharp increases among females from 2015 to 2023 (APC = 10.91 for adolescents; APC = 7.42 for young adults).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Youth suicide trends vary across countries and by sex. South Korea's sharp and ongoing rise, especially among young females, highlights the urgent need for prevention strategies attuned to sex, age, and sociocultural context. Ongoing risks among Canadian adolescent females and the U.S. young males also warrant continued investment in targeted, evidence-based interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 108399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108389
Patricia A. Cioe , William V. Lechner , Garrett S. Stang , Christopher W. Kahler , Karen T. Tashima , Thomas Eissenberg , Jennifer W. Tidey
Objective
People with HIV (PWH) who smoke and report ambivalence about quitting may benefit from switching to non-combusted nicotine products. This pilot study examined the effects of providing the NIDA standardized research electronic cigarette (SREC) on smoking behaviors and inflammatory biomarkers in PWH.
Methods
Thirty-five participants in the United States were enrolled from April 2022 to January 2024 (Mean age 54.4 [13.2] years, 30.1 % female, 62.9 % White) and randomized to SREC provision (n = 17) or usual brand control (n = 18). SREC participants were asked to substitute tobacco-flavor pod-type SRECs for their combustible cigarettes. SREC use and cigarette use were assessed weekly for 6 weeks. Serum inflammatory biomarkers were measured at baseline and week 6.
Results
The effect of condition on cigarettes per day (CPD) during the 6-week period was significant, B = −5.68, 95 % CI = −10.25, −1.11: CPD were reduced by 42.7 % in the SREC condition versus 17.3 % in the control condition. Participants in the SREC condition reported significantly lower urge to smoke at week 6 compared to those in control, (B = −17.05, 95 % CI = -27.15, −6.95). One (5.9 %) participant reported that they transitioned completely from CCs to SREC at week 6. Significant decreases in inflammatory biomarkers were not observed.
Conclusions
Participants who were provided the SREC, compared to those in the control condition, smoked fewer CPD and had reduced urge to smoke. However, dual use was the most common outcome, indicating that additional support may be needed to improve the likelihood of complete transition from CCs to noncombustible products.
目的：吸烟并对戒烟有矛盾心理的HIV感染者（PWH）可能会从转向非燃烧尼古丁产品中受益。本初步研究考察了提供NIDA标准化研究电子烟（SREC）对PWH吸烟行为和炎症生物标志物的影响。方法：从2022年4月到2024年1月，在美国招募了35名参与者（平均年龄54.4[13.2]岁，女性30.1%，白人62.9%），随机分为SREC组（n = 17）和常规品牌组（n = 18）。SREC参与者被要求用烟草味豆荚型SREC代替他们的可燃香烟。每周评估SREC使用情况和香烟使用情况，持续6周。在基线和第6周测量血清炎症生物标志物。结果：6周时间内，状态对吸烟者日吸烟量（CPD）的影响显著，B = -5.68, 95% CI = -10.25, -1.11: SREC组吸烟量减少42.7%，对照组减少17.3%。与对照组相比，SREC组在第6周报告的吸烟冲动显著降低（B = -17.05, 95% CI = -27.15, -6.95）。一名（5.9%）参与者报告他们在第6周完全从cc过渡到SREC。炎症生物标志物未见显著下降。结论：与对照组相比，提供SREC的参与者吸烟的CPD减少，吸烟的冲动也减少。然而，双重用途是最常见的结果，这表明可能需要额外的支持来提高从CCs完全过渡到不可燃产品的可能性。
{"title":"Reprint of: The effects of switching to the standardized research electronic cigarette in people with HIV who smoke in the United States","authors":"Patricia A. Cioe , William V. Lechner , Garrett S. Stang , Christopher W. Kahler , Karen T. Tashima , Thomas Eissenberg , Jennifer W. Tidey","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>People with HIV (PWH) who smoke and report ambivalence about quitting may benefit from switching to non-combusted nicotine products. This pilot study examined the effects of providing the NIDA standardized research electronic cigarette (SREC) on smoking behaviors and inflammatory biomarkers in PWH.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-five participants in the United States were enrolled from April 2022 to January 2024 (Mean age 54.4 [13.2] years, 30.1 % female, 62.9 % White) and randomized to SREC provision (<em>n</em> = 17) or usual brand control (<em>n</em> = 18). SREC participants were asked to substitute tobacco-flavor pod-type SRECs for their combustible cigarettes. SREC use and cigarette use were assessed weekly for 6 weeks. Serum inflammatory biomarkers were measured at baseline and week 6.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The effect of condition on cigarettes per day (CPD) during the 6-week period was significant, B = −5.68, 95 % CI = −10.25, −1.11: CPD were reduced by 42.7 % in the SREC condition versus 17.3 % in the control condition. Participants in the SREC condition reported significantly lower urge to smoke at week 6 compared to those in control, (B = −17.05, 95 % CI = -27.15, −6.95). One (5.9 %) participant reported that they transitioned completely from CCs to SREC at week 6. Significant decreases in inflammatory biomarkers were not observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Participants who were provided the SREC, compared to those in the control condition, smoked fewer CPD and had reduced urge to smoke. However, dual use was the most common outcome, indicating that additional support may be needed to improve the likelihood of complete transition from CCs to noncombustible products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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