Preventive medicine最新文献_第8页

Non-communicable disease burden among middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific region: A systematic review and meta-analysis 西太平洋地区感染艾滋病毒的中老年成年人的非传染性疾病负担：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108408

Hung-Chang Chou , Tsung-Yu Tsai , Huei Chung

Objective

Middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) are experiencing accelerated aging and a rising burden of non-communicable disease (NCD)-related comorbidities. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the burden of major NCDs—measured by prevalence, incidence, and mortality—among people living with HIV(PLWH) aged 40 years and older, in comparison to their HIV-negative counterparts.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline (1966-), Embase (1974-), Cochrane Library (1996-), Epistemonikos (established in 2012, with retrospective coverage), and Web of Science (1900-) to identify relevant studies published up to May 9, 2025. Meta-analyses limited to NCD categories with three or more comparable studies. Random-effects was performed using MetaXL software.

Results

Nineteen articles were included, and the majority reported prevalence estimates (13/19 studies). Our findings indicated pooled prevalence ratio estimates for cardiovascular diseases (1.17, [95 % confidence interval: 0.97–1.42]), cancers (1.23 [1.05–1.45]), diabetes (1.64 [1.19–2.27]), kidney diseases (2.26 [1.03–4.97]), chronic respiratory diseases (2.13 [0.82–5.53]) and mental illnesses (2.25 [1.82–2.78]). Subgroup analysis indicated a significantly high prevalence of depression (3.00 [2.17–4.16]). The pooled incident rate ratio for cancers was 3.99 (2.33–6.84) per 1000 person-years.

Conclusions

In the WPR, middle-aged and older adults living with HIV face an elevated burden of cancers, diabetes, kidney disorders, and mental health conditions. There is an urgent need to develop care strategies tailored to the specific needs of diverse populations, and further research is required to support the management of chronic respiratory diseases.

目的：西太平洋地区（WPR）感染艾滋病毒的中老年成年人正在经历加速老龄化和非传染性疾病（NCD）相关合并症负担的增加。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估40岁及以上艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）与艾滋病毒阴性人群的主要非传染性疾病负担（以患病率、发病率和死亡率衡量）。方法：通过Medline（1966-）、Embase（1974-）、Cochrane Library（1996-）、Epistemonikos（成立于2012年，回顾性覆盖）和Web of Science（1900-）进行全面的文献检索，找出截至2025年5月9日发表的相关研究。荟萃分析仅限于具有三个或更多可比较研究的非传染性疾病类别。采用MetaXL软件进行随机效应分析。结果：纳入了19篇文章，大多数报道了患病率估计（13/19项研究）。我们的研究结果显示，心血管疾病（1.17，[95 %置信区间：0.97-1.42]）、癌症（1.23[1.05-1.45]）、糖尿病（1.64[1.19-2.27]）、肾脏疾病（2.26[1.03-4.97]）、慢性呼吸系统疾病（2.13[0.82-5.53]）和精神疾病（2.25[1.82-2.78]）的总患病率估计。亚组分析显示抑郁症患病率明显较高（3.00[2.17-4.16]）。癌症的总发病率比为3.99(2.33-6.84)/ 1000人年。结论：在WPR中，携带艾滋病毒的中老年成年人面临癌症、糖尿病、肾脏疾病和精神健康状况的负担增加。迫切需要制定适合不同人群具体需求的护理战略，并需要进一步研究以支持慢性呼吸道疾病的管理。

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引用次数: 0

Persistent sex differences in diabetes management (1997–2022): 25 years of national evidence from the Swiss Health Survey 糖尿病管理的持续性别差异（1997-2022）：25 瑞士健康调查的全国证据。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108407

Shun Yi , Pedro Marques-Vidal

Objective

To evaluate sex-specific trends in diabetes management in Switzerland over a 25-year period using nationally representative data, and to determine whether menopausal status modifies these differences.

Methods

We analyzed six Swiss Health Surveys (1997–2022) to assess sex differences in diabetes screening, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Multivariable logistic regressions were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle covariates. Age-stratified analyses explored life-stage-specific patterns, using age > 50 as a proxy for menopausal status.

Results

A total of 80,133 participants (54.5 % female) were included. After multivariable adjustment, females showed a higher likelihood of recent diabetes screening than males across all survey years (e.g., OR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.12–1.28 in 2022), with no evidence of narrowing over time. Conversely, females had a consistently lower likelihood of being diagnosed with diabetes (e.g., OR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.63–0.81 in 2022) and of being treated once diagnosed (e.g., OR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.40–0.80 in 2022), with no temporal improvement. No significant sex differences in diabetes control were observed among those treated. Age-stratified analyses revealed that sex disparities varied by age, potentially reflecting that life-stage-related factors may contribute to the observed disparities.

Conclusions

This study highlights persistent, age-modulated sex differences in diabetes management over two decades in Switzerland. While diabetes control was similar between sexes once treatment was initiated, inequities in screening, diagnosis, and treatment remain.

目的：利用具有全国代表性的数据，评估瑞士25年来糖尿病管理的性别特异性趋势，并确定绝经状态是否会改变这些差异。方法：我们分析了6项瑞士健康调查（1997-2022），以评估糖尿病筛查、诊断、治疗和控制方面的性别差异。根据人口统计学、社会经济和生活方式协变量调整多变量logistic回归。年龄分层分析探讨了特定生命阶段的模式，使用年龄 > 50作为更年期状态的代表。结果：共纳入80,133名参与者（54.5 %为女性）。在多变量调整后，在所有调查年份中，女性显示出近期糖尿病筛查的可能性高于男性（例如，2022年的OR为1.20,95 % CI为1.12-1.28），没有证据表明随着时间的推移而缩小。相反，女性被诊断为糖尿病的可能性（例如，2022年，OR为0.71,95 % CI为0.63-0.81）和诊断后接受治疗的可能性（例如，2022年，OR为0.56,95 % CI为0.40-0.80）一直较低，没有时间上的改善。治疗组在糖尿病控制方面没有明显的性别差异。年龄分层分析显示，性别差异因年龄而异，潜在地反映了与生活阶段相关的因素可能导致观察到的差异。结论：这项研究强调了瑞士20多年来糖尿病管理中持续的、年龄调节的性别差异。虽然一旦开始治疗，两性之间的糖尿病控制是相似的，但筛查、诊断和治疗方面的不平等仍然存在。

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引用次数: 0

Retraction notice to “The preventive effect of PNF stretching exercise on sports injuries in physical education based on IoT data monitoring” [Preventive Medicine 173 (2023) 107591] 《基于物联网数据监测的体育教学中PNF拉伸运动对运动损伤的预防作用研究》[预防医学173(2023)107591]。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108393

Changfeng Ning, Menglu Li, Linna Ge

引用次数: 0

Barriers to accessing and using preventive mental health services for psychosocially strained children and families in Germany: Perspectives of professionals from different sectors 德国心理社会紧张的儿童和家庭获得和使用预防性心理健康服务的障碍：来自不同部门专业人员的观点。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108392

A. Reinhart , A. Alayli , S. Beierle , A. Löffler , B. Reißig , S. Walper , S. Kuger , F. De Bock

Objective

Children, young people, and families (CYF) with psychosocial strains face elevated risks for mental health problems. Preventive mental health services in health, education, and social sectors can reduce this risk, but are often underused or have waiting times. While some data on barriers to use from clients' perspectives exist, the professionals' perspective is also important, particularly for understanding barriers at the side of providers and organizations and identifying solutions. This study examines barriers to accessing and using services from the perspective of professionals in multiple sectors.

Methods

Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals from the health, education, and social sectors in socioeconomically disadvantaged districts of two German cities in 2024. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded using thematic analysis.

Results

Professionals described barriers at the (1) Client level (e.g., feeling ashamed using psychosocial services), (2) Provider level (e.g., insufficient knowledge about services), (3) Organizational level (e.g., responsibility or expertise not fitting families' needs), and (4) System level (e.g., long waiting times). To address barriers, professionals suggested trust-building with families, establishing contact and collaboration with other professionals, and building one-stop-shop models of co-located services to overcome parents' time constraints when children need multiple services.

Conclusions

Professionals are key to identifying barriers to preventive mental health service access and use in psychosocially strained CYF and finding solutions. Intersectoral exchange with other professionals can increase service awareness from other institutions and guide intersectoral collaboration. Barriers must be addressed holistically across levels and sectors to effectively overcome them.

目的：有心理社会压力的儿童、青年和家庭（CYF）面临更高的心理健康问题风险。卫生、教育和社会部门的预防性精神卫生服务可以减少这种风险，但往往得不到充分利用或有等待时间。虽然从客户的角度存在一些关于使用障碍的数据，但专业人士的角度也很重要，特别是对于了解提供商和组织方面的障碍并确定解决方案。本研究从多个部门专业人员的角度考察了获取和使用服务的障碍。方法：于2024年对德国两个城市的社会经济弱势地区的卫生、教育和社会部门的专业人员进行了19次半结构化访谈。采访录音，逐字抄写，并采用专题分析进行编码。结果：专业人员描述了(1)客户层面（例如，使用心理社会服务感到羞耻），(2)提供者层面（例如，对服务的了解不足），(3)组织层面（例如，责任或专业知识不适合家庭需求）和(4)系统层面（例如，等待时间长）的障碍。为了解决障碍，专家建议与家庭建立信任，与其他专业人员建立联系和合作，建立一站式服务模式，以克服家长在孩子需要多种服务时的时间限制。结论：专业人员是识别心理社会紧张的青少年青少年获得和使用预防性心理卫生服务的障碍并找到解决办法的关键。与其他专业人员的部门间交流可以提高其他机构的服务意识，并指导部门间合作。必须在各级和部门之间全面解决障碍，以有效克服这些障碍。

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引用次数: 0

Temporary urban environment changes to promote physical activity in urban populations: A scoping review 临时城市环境变化促进城市人口身体活动：范围综述

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108398

Jian Lei, Claire Fitzsimons, Marie Murphy, Ailsa Niven

Objective

To examine what is known about the role of Temporary Urban Environment Changes (TUECs) in promoting physical activity in urban contexts.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We systematically searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO, with screening and selection based on predefined criteria. Searches were completed in September 2024.

Results

Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, mostly published after 2019 and set in high- income countries (primarily the United States and Europe). Five TUECs categories were identified: Open/Play Streets and Ciclovía, pop-up cycle lanes, pop-up parks, parklets/plazas, and other. Walking and cycling were the most frequently supported activities; 38 studies reported a beneficial direction of effect on physical activity and 4 were inconclusive. The evidence base is dominated by observational or cross-sectional designs, with inconsistent theoretical framing and heterogeneous physical-activity measures (mostly self-report or on-site observation, with few device-based measures). Equity dimensions, including reach among inactive groups, deprivation, disability and age, were rarely examined.

Conclusion

TUECs offer a flexible and increasingly relevant approach to supporting physical activity in urban environments. This review consolidates a fragmented evidence base and proposes a coherent lens for understanding how temporary spatial interventions are conceptualised, operationalised, and evaluated. As urban areas seek scalable, health-oriented solutions, TUECs deserve closer attention—not as isolated experiments, but as strategic tools within broader public health and urban planning agendas.

目的：研究在城市环境中，临时城市环境变化（TUECs）在促进身体活动中的作用。方法：我们根据系统评价的首选报告项目和范围评价的元分析扩展进行了范围评价。我们系统地检索了MEDLINE （Ovid）、Web of Science、PubMed、SPORTDiscus、CINAHL、Scopus和PsycINFO，并根据预先设定的标准进行筛选和选择。搜寻工作于2024年9月完成。结果：42项研究符合纳入标准，主要发表于2019年之后，并设置在高收入国家（主要是美国和欧洲）。确定了五个TUECs类别：开放/游戏街和Ciclovía，弹出式自行车道，弹出式公园，小公园/广场等。步行和骑自行车是最常被支持的活动；38项研究报告了对身体活动的有益影响，4项研究尚无定论。证据基础主要是观察性或横断面设计，具有不一致的理论框架和异质性的身体活动测量（主要是自我报告或现场观察，很少有基于设备的测量）。公平方面，包括在不活动群体、贫困、残疾和年龄之间的接触，很少得到审查。结论：tuec为支持城市环境中的身体活动提供了一种灵活且日益相关的方法。这篇综述整合了支离破碎的证据基础，并提出了一个连贯的视角来理解临时空间干预措施是如何概念化、操作化和评估的。随着城市地区寻求可扩展的、以健康为导向的解决方案，tuec应该得到更密切的关注——不是作为孤立的实验，而是作为更广泛的公共卫生和城市规划议程中的战略工具。

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引用次数: 0

Temporal trends in suicide among adolescents and young adults in the United States, Canada, and South Korea: 2001–2023 2001-2023年美国、加拿大和韩国青少年和年轻人自杀的时间趋势。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108399

Seungbin Oh , Ryemi Do , Soyeon Kim

Objective

To compare temporal trends in suicide mortality among adolescents (10–19) and young adults (20–29) by sex across the United States, Canada, and South Korea from 2001 to 2023.

Methods

We analyzed national suicide mortality data from South Korea, the United States, and Canada. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and annual percent changes (APCs) and) by age and sex.

Results

Suicide rates declined or stabilized in the U.S. and Canada, except for steady increases among Canadian adolescent females (AAPC = 2.04). Despite these declines, U.S. young males continued to report the highest recent unadjusted suicide rates (28.7 per 100,000 in 2023). In South Korea, rates rose significantly across all groups, with sharp increases among females from 2015 to 2023 (APC = 10.91 for adolescents; APC = 7.42 for young adults).

Conclusion

Youth suicide trends vary across countries and by sex. South Korea's sharp and ongoing rise, especially among young females, highlights the urgent need for prevention strategies attuned to sex, age, and sociocultural context. Ongoing risks among Canadian adolescent females and the U.S. young males also warrant continued investment in targeted, evidence-based interventions.

目的：比较2001年至2023年美国、加拿大和韩国按性别划分的青少年（10-19岁）和年轻人（20-29岁）自杀死亡率的时间趋势。方法：我们分析了韩国、美国和加拿大的自杀死亡率数据。采用连接点回归估计年龄和性别的平均年变化百分比（AAPCs）和年变化百分比（APCs）和)。结果：美国和加拿大的自杀率下降或趋于稳定，但加拿大青少年女性的自杀率稳步上升（AAPC = 2.04）。尽管出现了这些下降，但美国年轻男性的未经调整的自杀率仍然是近期最高的（2023年为每10万人28.7人）。在韩国，所有群体的发病率都显著上升，2015年至2023年，女性发病率急剧上升（青少年APC = 10.91；年轻人APC = 7.42）。结论：青少年自杀趋势因国家和性别而异。在韩国，尤其是在年轻女性中，发病率急剧上升，这凸显了迫切需要制定与性别、年龄和社会文化背景相适应的预防策略。加拿大青春期女性和美国年轻男性的持续风险也需要继续投资于有针对性的、基于证据的干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Reprint of: The effects of switching to the standardized research electronic cigarette in people with HIV who smoke in the United States 转载：在美国，对吸烟的艾滋病毒感染者改用标准化研究电子烟的影响。

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108389

Patricia A. Cioe , William V. Lechner , Garrett S. Stang , Christopher W. Kahler , Karen T. Tashima , Thomas Eissenberg , Jennifer W. Tidey

Objective

People with HIV (PWH) who smoke and report ambivalence about quitting may benefit from switching to non-combusted nicotine products. This pilot study examined the effects of providing the NIDA standardized research electronic cigarette (SREC) on smoking behaviors and inflammatory biomarkers in PWH.

Methods

Thirty-five participants in the United States were enrolled from April 2022 to January 2024 (Mean age 54.4 [13.2] years, 30.1 % female, 62.9 % White) and randomized to SREC provision (n = 17) or usual brand control (n = 18). SREC participants were asked to substitute tobacco-flavor pod-type SRECs for their combustible cigarettes. SREC use and cigarette use were assessed weekly for 6 weeks. Serum inflammatory biomarkers were measured at baseline and week 6.

Results

The effect of condition on cigarettes per day (CPD) during the 6-week period was significant, B = −5.68, 95 % CI = −10.25, −1.11: CPD were reduced by 42.7 % in the SREC condition versus 17.3 % in the control condition. Participants in the SREC condition reported significantly lower urge to smoke at week 6 compared to those in control, (B = −17.05, 95 % CI = -27.15, −6.95). One (5.9 %) participant reported that they transitioned completely from CCs to SREC at week 6. Significant decreases in inflammatory biomarkers were not observed.

Conclusions

Participants who were provided the SREC, compared to those in the control condition, smoked fewer CPD and had reduced urge to smoke. However, dual use was the most common outcome, indicating that additional support may be needed to improve the likelihood of complete transition from CCs to noncombustible products.

目的：吸烟并对戒烟有矛盾心理的HIV感染者（PWH）可能会从转向非燃烧尼古丁产品中受益。本初步研究考察了提供NIDA标准化研究电子烟（SREC）对PWH吸烟行为和炎症生物标志物的影响。方法：从2022年4月到2024年1月，在美国招募了35名参与者（平均年龄54.4[13.2]岁，女性30.1%，白人62.9%），随机分为SREC组（n = 17）和常规品牌组（n = 18）。SREC参与者被要求用烟草味豆荚型SREC代替他们的可燃香烟。每周评估SREC使用情况和香烟使用情况，持续6周。在基线和第6周测量血清炎症生物标志物。结果：6周时间内，状态对吸烟者日吸烟量（CPD）的影响显著，B = -5.68, 95% CI = -10.25, -1.11: SREC组吸烟量减少42.7%，对照组减少17.3%。与对照组相比，SREC组在第6周报告的吸烟冲动显著降低（B = -17.05, 95% CI = -27.15, -6.95）。一名（5.9%）参与者报告他们在第6周完全从cc过渡到SREC。炎症生物标志物未见显著下降。结论：与对照组相比，提供SREC的参与者吸烟的CPD减少，吸烟的冲动也减少。然而，双重用途是最常见的结果，这表明可能需要额外的支持来提高从CCs完全过渡到不可燃产品的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Prospective association of internet gaming disorder with subsequent first suicidal attempt: A large-scale school-based study of Chinese adolescents 网络游戏障碍与随后的第一次自杀企图的前瞻性关联：一项针对中国青少年的大规模学校研究

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108396

Pu Peng , Zhangming Chen , Silan Ren , Yudiao Liang , Youguo Tan , Xiaogang Chen , Jinsong Tang , Yanhui Liao

Objectives

While Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a known risk factor for suicidal ideation, longitudinal evidence linking it to suicidal attempt remains scarce. This study investigates whether IGD severity independently predicts first-onset suicidal attempt in adolescents.

Methods

A school-based cohort of 87,390 Chinese adolescents (baseline age: 14.2 ± 1.5 years) was followed for one year (2022−2023). The severity of IGD was assessed using the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF). The primary analysis utilized multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between the continuous IGDS9-SF score and incident suicidal attempts, adjusting for demographics, mental health symptoms, and baseline suicidal ideation. Sensitivity analyses included examining categorical IGD status, individual symptom contributions, non-linearity testing, and E-value calculation.

Results

A total of 6620 (7.6 %) adolescents reported an incident suicidal attempt. Each one-point increase in the IGDS9-SF score raised the odds of a first suicidal attempt by 2 % (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.02, 95 % CI = 1.02–1.03). The association was robust across all sensitivity analyses, demonstrating a linear trend and resilience to unmeasured confounding (E-value ≥2.24).

Conclusions

IGD severity is an independent, dose-dependent associated factor for suicidal attempt in adolescents. Measuring IGD severity might be a valuable strategy for identifying adolescents at risk.

虽然网络游戏障碍（IGD）是一个已知的自杀意念风险因素，但将其与自杀企图联系起来的纵向证据仍然很少。本研究调查IGD严重程度是否独立预测青少年首次自杀企图。方法以学校为基础，对87,390名中国青少年（基线年龄：14.2±1.5岁）进行为期一年（2022 - 2023年）的随访。IGD的严重程度采用网络游戏障碍量表（IGDS9-SF）进行评估。初步分析利用多变量逻辑回归来检验连续IGDS9-SF评分与事件自杀企图之间的关系，调整人口统计学、心理健康症状和基线自杀意念。敏感性分析包括检查IGD的分类状态、个体症状贡献、非线性检验和e值计算。结果共有6620名（7.6%）青少年报告有自杀未遂行为。IGDS9-SF评分每增加1分，第一次自杀企图的几率增加2%（调整优势比= 1.02,95% CI = 1.02 - 1.03）。在所有敏感性分析中，这种关联都是稳健的，显示出线性趋势和对未测量混杂因素的恢复力（e值≥2.24）。结论sigd严重程度是青少年自杀企图的独立、剂量依赖性相关因素。测量IGD的严重程度可能是识别青少年风险的一个有价值的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Suicide trends and patterns in young adults across global regions and selected major countries worldwide from the World Health Organization mortality database, 2001–2020 2001-2020年世界卫生组织死亡率数据库中全球各区域和选定主要国家青年的自杀趋势和模式

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108397

Minjae Choi , Sujeong Yu , Hanul Park , Joshua Kirabo Sempungu , Joon Hee Han , Eun Hae Lee , Yo Han Lee

Objective

We aimed to analyze trends and patterns of suicide among young adults worldwide, 2001–2020.

Methods

We used the World Health Organization Mortality Database to extract suicide deaths for individuals aged 20–39 years from 55 countries with valid and medium/high-quality data, 2001–2020. Suicide rates were calculated by sex, age group, and suicide method across global regions and countries. We conducted a joinpoint regression analysis to identify trends and changes in suicide rates.

Results

Marked geographical disparities were found in suicide trends by sex and method. In the Americas, suicide rates recently increased across all subregions, particularly in the North American region. In contrast, most European subregions showed decreasing trends in suicide rates in both males and females, except for North Europe. In Asia, suicide trends varied across subregions, with marked reductions in Central Asia among males and fluctuations in East Asia among females. Hanging was the most commonly used method across all countries, except in the US, where firearms were more used, particularly among males. Other major methods, such as poisoning and gas poisoning, showed changes in trends.

Conclusions

Suicide trends among young adults varied by sex, method, and country, with concerning increases or persistently high rates in some countries.

目的分析2001-2020年全球年轻人自杀的趋势和模式。方法使用世界卫生组织死亡率数据库提取2001-2020年55个国家20-39岁人群的有效和中/高质量自杀死亡数据。自杀率是根据全球各地区和国家的性别、年龄组和自杀方式来计算的。我们进行了联结点回归分析，以确定自杀率的趋势和变化。结果自杀倾向在性别和自杀方式上存在明显的地域差异。在美洲，所有分区域的自杀率最近都有所上升，特别是在北美区域。相比之下，除北欧外，大多数欧洲分区域的男性和女性自杀率均呈下降趋势。在亚洲，各分区域的自杀趋势各不相同，中亚男性的自杀趋势明显减少，东亚女性的自杀趋势有所波动。绞刑是所有国家中最常用的方法，除了美国，在美国，枪支的使用更多，尤其是在男性中。其他主要的自杀方式，如中毒和煤气中毒，也呈现出变化趋势。结论：年轻人的自杀趋势因性别、方法和国家而异，在一些国家自杀率有所上升或持续居高不下。

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引用次数: 0

Association of sustained extremely low income and income decrease with the risk of Parkinson's disease: A population-based nationwide cohort study in Korea 持续极低收入和收入减少与帕金森病风险的关系：韩国一项基于人群的全国队列研究

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108394

Seo Yeon Yoon , Kyungdo Han , Kyu-Na Lee , Jee Hyun Suh , Ga Eun Nam

Objective

Previous studies on the association between income and Parkinson's disease assessed income status at a single time point, without considering changes over time. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association between various income dynamics and the risk of Parkinson's disease.

Methods

We used the Korean National Health Insurance Service data, enrolling 2,644,550 individuals who participated in the 2012 National Health Screening Program. The national health insurance premium was used as a proxy measure of income, with four levels (quartile 1 [low] to 4 [high]). Additionally, Medical Aid was classified as extremely low-income. Parkinson's disease was defined using the ICD-10 code (G20) and the rare intractable disease registration code (V124). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the longitudinal association between income status and Parkinson's disease rate.

Results

During the study period, the incidence rate of Parkinson's disease was 27.13 per 100,000 person-years. A dose-response association between the cumulative number of years in the extremely low-income status and Parkinson's disease rate was identified (P for trend <0.001). A decrease in income from 2008 to 2012 to extremely low-income from quartile 1 (HR = 2.19, 95 % CI 1.55, 3.09), quartile 2 (HR = 2.56, 95 % CI 1.75, 3.74), or quartile 3 (HR = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.24, 3.88) was associated with more than a two-fold increased Parkinson's disease rate compared to individuals with sustained income status.

Conclusions

Individuals with sustained extremely low income over 5 consecutive years and those who experienced a decrease in income to this status were at a significantly higher rate of developing Parkinson's disease.

目的以往关于收入与帕金森病关系的研究只评估了一个时间点的收入状况，而没有考虑随时间的变化。本研究旨在评估不同收入动态与帕金森病风险之间的纵向关联。方法：我们使用韩国国民健康保险服务的数据，纳入了参加2012年国家健康筛查计划的2,644,550人。国家健康保险费被用作收入的替代衡量标准，分为四个等级（四分位数1[低]至4[高]）。此外，医疗援助被列为极低收入。使用ICD-10代码（G20）和罕见难治性疾病登记代码（V124）对帕金森病进行定义。采用Cox比例风险模型评估收入状况与帕金森病发病率之间的纵向关联。结果在研究期间，帕金森病的发病率为27.13 / 10万人/年。发现极低收入状态的累积年数与帕金森病发病率之间存在剂量反应相关性（P代表趋势<；0.001）。从2008年到2012年，收入从四分位数1 （HR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.55, 3.09）、四分位数2 （HR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.75, 3.74）或四分位数3 （HR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.24, 3.88）下降到极低收入者，与持续收入状况的个体相比，帕金森病发病率增加了两倍以上。结论连续5年以上持续收入极低的个体和收入下降到这一水平的个体患帕金森病的几率明显较高。

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