Preventive medicine最新文献_第8页

Ambient fine particulate matter and Life's essential 8 and mortality in adults in China: A Nationwide retrospective cohort study 环境细颗粒物与中国成年人的生命基本指数 8 和死亡率：一项全国性回顾性队列研究。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108094

Taotao Xue , Limin Wang , Xiao Zhang , Zhenping Zhao , Jinlei Qi , Chun Li , Mengting Yu , Lan Wang , Peng Jia , Peng Yin , Lijun Wang , Maigeng Zhou , Mei Zhang

Background

Enhanced cardiovascular health (CVH) is linked to reduced mortality risks, whereas long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), elevates these risks. Whether long-term exposure to PM_2.5 counteracts the health benefits of high CVH is unknown. The study aims to evaluate whether the association of CVH assessed by Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with death was consistent between participants with different PM_2.5 exposures.

Methods

We included 134,727 participants in the field survey of China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance which was conducted from August 2013 to June 2014. The deaths of participants were obtained by linking to the National Mortality Surveillance System (2013–2018). The environmental data is obtained by satellite inversion. The participants' CVH scores were calculated using the LE8 method. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for mortality were calculated using Cox regression models.

Results

A total of 2,936 all-cause deaths and 1,158 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths were recorded. Compared to those with low CVH, adults with high CVH demonstrated a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, irrespective of their PM_2.5 exposure levels (P < 0.05, all P for interaction >0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to those with low CVH and highest PM_2.5 exposure, adults with high CVH and lowest PM_2.5 exposure exhibited HR of 0.18 (95%CI, 0.12–0.25) for all-cause mortality and 0.13 (95%CI, 0.08–0.22) for CVD mortality.

Conclusions

High CVH is associated with reduced all-cause mortality risk, regardless of PM_2.5 exposure levels. For Chinese adults, sustaining high CVH is advisable, irrespective of their residential location.

背景：增强心血管健康（CVH）与降低死亡风险有关，而长期暴露于细颗粒物（PM2.5）则会增加这些风险。长期暴露于PM2.5是否会抵消高CVH带来的健康益处尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估不同PM2.5暴露程度的参与者之间，通过生命基本指数8（LE8）评估的CVH与死亡的关系是否一致：我们在2013年8月至2014年6月进行的中国慢性病及危险因素监测的实地调查中纳入了134727名参与者。参与者的死亡数据通过与国家死亡率监测系统（2013-2018年）连接获得。环境数据通过卫星反演获得。参与者的 CVH 分数采用 LE8 方法计算。采用 Cox 回归模型计算死亡率的危险比（HR）和 95% 置信区间（95%CI）：结果：共记录了 2936 例全因死亡和 1158 例心血管疾病 (CVD) 死亡。与低CVH人群相比，无论PM2.5暴露水平如何，高CVH人群的全因死亡风险均有所降低（P 0.05）。此外，与低CVH和PM2.5暴露水平最高的人群相比，高CVH和PM2.5暴露水平最低的成年人的全因死亡率HR为0.18（95%CI，0.12-0.25），心血管疾病死亡率HR为0.13（95%CI，0.08-0.22）：结论：无论PM2.5暴露水平如何，高CVH与全因死亡风险降低相关。对于中国成年人来说，无论居住地在哪里，都应该保持高CVH。

{"title":"Ambient fine particulate matter and Life's essential 8 and mortality in adults in China: A Nationwide retrospective cohort study","authors":"Taotao Xue , Limin Wang , Xiao Zhang , Zhenping Zhao , Jinlei Qi , Chun Li , Mengting Yu , Lan Wang , Peng Jia , Peng Yin , Lijun Wang , Maigeng Zhou , Mei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Enhanced cardiovascular health (CVH) is linked to reduced mortality risks, whereas long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), elevates these risks. Whether long-term exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> counteracts the health benefits of high CVH is unknown. The study aims to evaluate whether the association of CVH assessed by Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with death was consistent between participants with different PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposures.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We included 134,727 participants in the field survey of China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance which was conducted from August 2013 to June 2014. The deaths of participants were obtained by linking to the National Mortality Surveillance System (2013–2018). The environmental data is obtained by satellite inversion. The participants' CVH scores were calculated using the LE8 method. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for mortality were calculated using Cox regression models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 2,936 all-cause deaths and 1,158 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths were recorded. Compared to those with low CVH, adults with high CVH demonstrated a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, irrespective of their PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure levels (<em>P</em> < 0.05, all <em>P</em> for interaction >0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to those with low CVH and highest PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure, adults with high CVH and lowest PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure exhibited HR of 0.18 (95%CI, 0.12–0.25) for all-cause mortality and 0.13 (95%CI, 0.08–0.22) for CVD mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>High CVH is associated with reduced all-cause mortality risk, regardless of PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure levels. For Chinese adults, sustaining high CVH is advisable, irrespective of their residential location.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linear and non-linear relationships between body fat mass distribution and bone mineral density in adults: The NHANES, 2011–2018 成人体脂质量分布与骨矿物质密度之间的线性和非线性关系：2011-2018年美国国家健康调查（NHANES）。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108092

Xiaohua Zhang , Juan Zhang , Zhaoyue Shang , Yanlin Duan , Yongliang Du , Bo Kan , Shuman Yang

Objective

The relationship between body fat mass and bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial. This research aimed to explore the linear or non-linear relationship between body fat mass and BMD among adults in the United States.

Methods

This cross-sectional study identified adults aged 18 years or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. After adjusting for covariates, linear relationships between body fat mass and BMD in different genders were tested by generalized linear models, and potential non-linear relationships were explored by generalized additive models and piecewise linear regression models.

Results

The research included 4691 (57.9% of the total sample) males and 3417 (42.1% the of total sample) females. In both males and females, we found a negative association between android or total body fat mass and lumbar spine BMD and a positive association between appendicular, android, gynoid, or total body fat mass and whole body BMD (all P < 0.05). The relationships between body fat mass in all regions and lumbar spine BMD were U-shaped in males and inverted U-shaped in females (all P _non-linear < 0.05). Inverted U-shaped relationships existed between body fat mass in all regions and whole body BMD in females (all P _non-linear < 0.05).

Conclusions

Body fat mass was negatively and linearly associated with lumbar spine BMD, but positively associated with whole body BMD. Body fat mass had a U-shaped relationship with lumbar spine BMD in males and an inverted U-shaped association with lumbar spine and whole body BMD in females.

目的：体脂量与骨矿物质密度（BMD）之间的关系仍存在争议。本研究旨在探讨美国成年人的体脂量与 BMD 之间的线性或非线性关系：这项横断面研究在 2011 年至 2018 年的全国健康与营养调查中确定了 18 岁或以上的成年人。在调整协变量后，通过广义线性模型检验了不同性别的体脂质量与 BMD 之间的线性关系，并通过广义相加模型和分片线性回归模型探讨了潜在的非线性关系：研究对象包括 4691 名男性（占样本总数的 57.9%）和 3417 名女性（占样本总数的 42.1%）。在男性和女性中，我们发现睾丸或全身脂肪量与腰椎 BMD 之间呈负相关，而阑尾、睾丸、妇科或全身脂肪量与全身 BMD 之间呈正相关（所有 P 均为非线性非线性结论：体脂量与腰椎 BMD 呈线性负相关，但与全身 BMD 呈正相关。男性体脂量与腰椎 BMD 呈 U 型关系，女性体脂量与腰椎和全身 BMD 呈倒 U 型关系。

{"title":"Linear and non-linear relationships between body fat mass distribution and bone mineral density in adults: The NHANES, 2011–2018","authors":"Xiaohua Zhang , Juan Zhang , Zhaoyue Shang , Yanlin Duan , Yongliang Du , Bo Kan , Shuman Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The relationship between body fat mass and bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial. This research aimed to explore the linear or non-linear relationship between body fat mass and BMD among adults in the United States.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study identified adults aged 18 years or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. After adjusting for covariates, linear relationships between body fat mass and BMD in different genders were tested by generalized linear models, and potential non-linear relationships were explored by generalized additive models and piecewise linear regression models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The research included 4691 (57.9% of the total sample) males and 3417 (42.1% the of total sample) females. In both males and females, we found a negative association between android or total body fat mass and lumbar spine BMD and a positive association between appendicular, android, gynoid, or total body fat mass and whole body BMD (all <em>P</em> < 0.05). The relationships between body fat mass in all regions and lumbar spine BMD were U-shaped in males and inverted U-shaped in females (all <em>P</em> <sub>non-linear</sub> < 0.05). Inverted U-shaped relationships existed between body fat mass in all regions and whole body BMD in females (all <em>P</em> <sub>non-linear</sub> < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Body fat mass was negatively and linearly associated with lumbar spine BMD, but positively associated with whole body BMD. Body fat mass had a U-shaped relationship with lumbar spine BMD in males and an inverted U-shaped association with lumbar spine and whole body BMD in females.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The association between weekly exercise patterns and acceleration of aging: Evidence from a population-based study 每周锻炼模式与加速衰老之间的关系：一项基于人口的研究提供的证据。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108091

Guangyu Jiang , Wei Zhang , Huiwen Kang , Jingyu Wang , Ziyan Liu , Ziyan Wang , Danyang Huang , Ai Gao

Background

Acceleration of aging is a major challenge in public health. Previous studies have focused on the associations between specific types of exercise or overall levels of physical activity with accelerated aging, with less attention given to the weekly exercise patterns.

Objective

To explore the relationship between weekly exercise patterns and acceleration of aging among American adults.

Methods

We extracted data from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), involving 9850 participants aged ≥20 with comprehensive records on exercise and phenotypic age. Hierarchical clustering categorized participants into three groups based on weekly exercise time and days: cluster 1 (Rare or No Exercise), cluster 2 (Moderate Frequency, Moderate Duration) and cluster 3 (Moderate Frequency, Long Duration). Acceleration of aging was defined as the phenotypic age advance >0.

Results

After full adjustment, weekly exercise time and days showed the significant non-linear negative correlation with accelerated aging. The risk of accelerated aging was lowest when weekly exercise days reached five and the weekly exercise time reached three hours. Both cluster 2 and cluster 3 were significantly negatively correlated with acceleration of aging. No significant differences were observed in the association with accelerated aging between cluster 2 and cluster 3.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of targeted exercise programs for healthy aging. They also emphasize the need for public health initiatives to integrate regular physical activity into daily routines to improve the longevity and well-being of American adults.

背景：加速衰老是公共卫生面临的一大挑战。以往的研究主要关注特定类型的运动或总体体育锻炼水平与加速衰老之间的关系，而较少关注每周的运动模式：探讨美国成年人每周锻炼模式与加速衰老之间的关系：我们从 2015-2018 年美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）中提取了数据，共涉及 9850 名年龄≥20 岁的参与者，他们都有全面的运动和表型年龄记录。根据每周运动时间和天数，分层聚类将参与者分为三组：第1组（很少运动或不运动）、第2组（运动频率适中、持续时间适中）和第3组（运动频率适中、持续时间较长）。加速衰老的定义是表型年龄提前>0.结果：经充分调整后，每周运动时间和天数与加速衰老呈显著的非线性负相关。当每周运动天数达到 5 天，每周运动时间达到 3 小时时，加速衰老的风险最低。第 2 组和第 3 组均与加速衰老呈显著负相关。第 2 组和第 3 组与加速衰老的相关性无明显差异：这些发现强调了有针对性的运动计划对健康老龄化的重要性。结论：这些研究结果凸显了有针对性的运动计划对健康老龄化的重要性，同时也强调了公共卫生活动的必要性，即把定期体育锻炼纳入日常生活，以提高美国成年人的寿命和福祉。

{"title":"The association between weekly exercise patterns and acceleration of aging: Evidence from a population-based study","authors":"Guangyu Jiang , Wei Zhang , Huiwen Kang , Jingyu Wang , Ziyan Liu , Ziyan Wang , Danyang Huang , Ai Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Acceleration of aging is a major challenge in public health. Previous studies have focused on the associations between specific types of exercise or overall levels of physical activity with accelerated aging, with less attention given to the weekly exercise patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the relationship between weekly exercise patterns and acceleration of aging among American adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We extracted data from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), involving 9850 participants aged ≥20 with comprehensive records on exercise and phenotypic age. Hierarchical clustering categorized participants into three groups based on weekly exercise time and days: cluster 1 (Rare or No Exercise), cluster 2 (Moderate Frequency, Moderate Duration) and cluster 3 (Moderate Frequency, Long Duration). Acceleration of aging was defined as the phenotypic age advance >0.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After full adjustment, weekly exercise time and days showed the significant non-linear negative correlation with accelerated aging. The risk of accelerated aging was lowest when weekly exercise days reached five and the weekly exercise time reached three hours. Both cluster 2 and cluster 3 were significantly negatively correlated with acceleration of aging. No significant differences were observed in the association with accelerated aging between cluster 2 and cluster 3.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings highlight the importance of targeted exercise programs for healthy aging. They also emphasize the need for public health initiatives to integrate regular physical activity into daily routines to improve the longevity and well-being of American adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 108091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of alcohol warning labels for at-risk groups and the general public: A policy-informing randomized experiment in Chile 针对高危人群和普通公众的酒精警告标签的效果：智利的政策信息随机试验。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108087

Daniel Schwartz , Ignacio Torres-Ulloa , Camila Corvalán

Objective

The World Health Organization recommends using health-risk warnings on alcoholic beverages. This study examines the impact of separate or combined warning labels for at-risk groups and the general population on alcohol purchase decisions.

Methods

In 2022, 7758 adults who consumed alcohol or were pregnant/lactating women (54.0 % female, mean age = 40.6 years) were presented with an online store's beverage section and randomly assigned to one of six warning labels in a between-subjects experimental design: no-warning, pregnant/lactating, drinking-driving, general cancer risk, combined warnings, and assorted warnings across bottles. The main outcome, the intention to purchase an alcoholic vs. non-alcoholic beverage, was examined with adjusted risk differences using logistic regressions.

Results

Participants exposed to the general cancer risk warning decreased their alcoholic choices by 10.4 percentage points (pp.) (95 % CI [−0.139, −0.069], p < 0.001, OR = 0.561), while those in the pregnancy/lactation warning condition did it by 3.8 pp. (95 % CI [−0.071, −0.005], p = 0.025, OR = 0.806). The driving-drinking warning had no significant effect. Participants exposed to the combined warnings label, or the assorted warnings reduced alcohol purchase decisions by 6.1 pp. (95 % CI [−0.095, −0.028], p < 0.001, OR = 0.708) and 4.3 pp. (95 % CI [−0.076, −0.010], p = 0.011, OR = 0.782), respectively. Cancer warning outperformed other labels and was effective for subgroups such as pregnant/lactating women, young adults, and low-income individuals.

Conclusions

General cancer risk warnings are more effective at reducing alcohol purchase decisions compared to warning labels for specific groups or labels using multiple warnings. In addition to warning labels, other policies should be considered for addressing well-known alcohol-related risks (e.g., drinking and driving).

目的：世界卫生组织建议在酒精饮料上使用健康风险警示。本研究探讨了针对高危人群和普通人群的单独或合并警告标签对酒类购买决策的影响：2022年，7758名饮酒或怀孕/哺乳期妇女（54.0%为女性，平均年龄=40.6岁）被带到一家网店的饮料区，并在主体间实验设计中被随机分配到六种警告标签之一：无警告、怀孕/哺乳期、酒驾、一般癌症风险、合并警告和各瓶的各种警告。主要结果，即购买含酒精饮料与非含酒精饮料的意向，使用逻辑回归法对调整后的风险差异进行了检验：结果：接触到一般癌症风险警告的参与者减少了 10.4 个百分点（95 % CI [-0.139，-0.069]，P 结论：一般癌症风险警告能更有效地减少人们对酒精饮料的选择：与针对特定人群的警示标签或使用多重警示的标签相比，一般癌症风险警示能更有效地减少购买酒类的决定。除警示标签外，还应考虑采取其他政策来应对众所周知的酒精相关风险（如饮酒驾车）。

{"title":"Effectiveness of alcohol warning labels for at-risk groups and the general public: A policy-informing randomized experiment in Chile","authors":"Daniel Schwartz , Ignacio Torres-Ulloa , Camila Corvalán","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The World Health Organization recommends using health-risk warnings on alcoholic beverages. This study examines the impact of separate or combined warning labels for at-risk groups and the general population on alcohol purchase decisions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In 2022, 7758 adults who consumed alcohol or were pregnant/lactating women (54.0 % female, mean age = 40.6 years) were presented with an online store's beverage section and randomly assigned to one of six warning labels in a between-subjects experimental design: no-warning, pregnant/lactating, drinking-driving, general cancer risk, combined warnings, and assorted warnings across bottles. The main outcome, the intention to purchase an alcoholic vs. non-alcoholic beverage, was examined with adjusted risk differences using logistic regressions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants exposed to the general cancer risk warning decreased their alcoholic choices by 10.4 percentage points (pp.) (95 % CI [−0.139, −0.069], <em>p</em> < 0.001, OR = 0.561), while those in the pregnancy/lactation warning condition did it by 3.8 pp. (95 % CI [−0.071, −0.005], <em>p</em> = 0.025, OR = 0.806). The driving-drinking warning had no significant effect. Participants exposed to the combined warnings label, or the assorted warnings reduced alcohol purchase decisions by 6.1 pp. (95 % CI [−0.095, −0.028], <em>p</em> < 0.001, OR = 0.708) and 4.3 pp. (95 % CI [−0.076, −0.010], <em>p</em> = 0.011, OR = 0.782), respectively. Cancer warning outperformed other labels and was effective for subgroups such as pregnant/lactating women, young adults, and low-income individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>General cancer risk warnings are more effective at reducing alcohol purchase decisions compared to warning labels for specific groups or labels using multiple warnings. In addition to warning labels, other policies should be considered for addressing well-known alcohol-related risks (e.g., drinking and driving).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 108087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precarious employment and mental health in the United States: Results from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), 2008–2021 美国的不稳定就业与心理健康：2008-2021年医疗支出小组调查（MEPS）的结果。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108090

Eric W. Lundstrom , Abay Asfaw , Andrea L. Steege , Anasua Bhattacharya , Matthew Groenewold

Objectives

To measure associations between employment precarity and mental health among United States (US) workers.

Methods

This study used data from the US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for 2008–2021. Multivariable generalized estimating equations were used to measure associations between employment precarity (operationalized as a multi-dimensional exposure) and self-rated mental health after adjusting for relevant confounders. Marginal effects analysis was used to assess potential dose-response relationships between precarity and mental health.

Results

Our sample (n = 57,529) was representative of >106 million US workers employed throughout 2008–2021. Compared to those with low levels of employment precarity, those with medium and high levels of precarity had an increased odds of reporting poor/fair mental health (aOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.32 and 1.51; 95% CI = 1.36, 1.68, respectively). Marginal effects analysis indicated that increasing levels of precarity were associated with an increased probability of reporting poor/fair mental health.

Conclusions

Increasing levels of employment precarity were associated with poor/fair self-rated mental health, findings potentially indicative of a dose-response relationship between the two. These nationally representative findings suggest employment precarity is an important social determinant of mental health. Future research could investigate how best to mitigate the negative effects of precarity on workers' lives and well-being, particularly regarding mental health.

目标：测量美国工人就业不稳定与心理健康之间的关系：测量美国工人就业不稳定与心理健康之间的关系：本研究使用了 2008-2021 年美国医疗支出小组调查的数据。在对相关混杂因素进行调整后，使用多变量广义估计方程来测量就业不稳定（操作为多维暴露）与自评心理健康之间的关联。边际效应分析用于评估就业不稳定与心理健康之间的潜在剂量反应关系：我们的样本（n = 57,529）代表了 2008-2021 年间超过 1.06 亿的美国就业人员。与就业不稳定程度低的人相比，就业不稳定程度中等和高的人报告心理健康状况差/一般的几率更高（aOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.32 和 1.51; 95% CI = 1.36, 1.68）。边际效应分析表明，就业不稳定程度的增加与报告精神健康状况差/一般的概率增加有关：结论：就业不稳定程度的增加与自评心理健康状况较差/较好有关，这一结果可能表明两者之间存在剂量反应关系。这些具有全国代表性的研究结果表明，就业不稳定是心理健康的一个重要社会决定因素。未来的研究可以探讨如何最好地减轻就业不稳定对工人生活和福祉的负面影响，尤其是在心理健康方面。

{"title":"Precarious employment and mental health in the United States: Results from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), 2008–2021","authors":"Eric W. Lundstrom , Abay Asfaw , Andrea L. Steege , Anasua Bhattacharya , Matthew Groenewold","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To measure associations between employment precarity and mental health among United States (US) workers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study used data from the US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for 2008–2021. Multivariable generalized estimating equations were used to measure associations between employment precarity (operationalized as a multi-dimensional exposure) and self-rated mental health after adjusting for relevant confounders. Marginal effects analysis was used to assess potential dose-response relationships between precarity and mental health.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our sample (<em>n</em> = 57,529) was representative of >106 million US workers employed throughout 2008–2021. Compared to those with low levels of employment precarity, those with medium and high levels of precarity had an increased odds of reporting poor/fair mental health (aOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.32 and 1.51; 95% CI = 1.36, 1.68, respectively). Marginal effects analysis indicated that increasing levels of precarity were associated with an increased probability of reporting poor/fair mental health.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Increasing levels of employment precarity were associated with poor/fair self-rated mental health, findings potentially indicative of a dose-response relationship between the two. These nationally representative findings suggest employment precarity is an important social determinant of mental health. Future research could investigate how best to mitigate the negative effects of precarity on workers' lives and well-being, particularly regarding mental health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The optimization of harm reduction services in Massachusetts through the use of GIS: Location-allocation analyses, 2019–2021 通过使用地理信息系统优化马萨诸塞州的减低伤害服务：位置分配分析，2019-2021 年。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108088

Joshua R. Parbs , Sumeeta Srinivasan , Jennifer Pustz , Ric Bayly , Shikhar Shrestha , Olivia Lewis , Simeon Kimmel , Thera Meehan , Hermik Babakhanlou-Chase , Thomas J. Stopka

Background

Fatal opioid-related overdoses (OOD) continue to be a leading cause of preventable death across the US. Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution programs (OENDs) play a vital role in addressing morbidity and mortality associated with opioid use, but access to such services is often inequitable. We utilized a geographic information system (GIS) and spatial analytical methods to inform prioritized placement of OEND services in Massachusetts.

Methods

We obtained addresses for OEND sites from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and address-level fatal OOD data for January 2019 to December 2021 from the Massachusetts Registry of Vital Records and Statistics. Using location-allocation approaches in ArcGIS Pro, we created p-median models using locations of existing OEND sites and fatal OOD counts to identify areas that should be prioritized for future OEND placement. Variables included in our analysis were transportation mode, distance from public schools, race and ethnicity, and location feasibility.

Results

Three Massachusetts communities – Athol, Dorchester, and Fitchburg – were identified as priority sites for new OEND locations using location-allocation models based on capacity to maximize OOD prevention. Communities identified by the models for OEND placement had similar demographics and overdose rates (42.8 per 100,000 vs 40.1 per 100,000 population) to communities with existing OEND programs but lower naloxone kit distribution rates (2589 doses per 100,000 vs 3704 doses per 100,000). Further models demonstrated differential access based on location and transportation.

Conclusion

Our analyses identified key areas of Massachusetts with greatest need for OEND services. Further, these results demonstrate the utility of using spatial epidemiological methods to inform public health recommendations.

背景：致命的阿片类药物相关过量（OOD）仍然是全美可预防死亡的主要原因。阿片类药物过量教育和纳洛酮发放计划（OENDs）在解决与阿片类药物使用相关的发病率和死亡率方面发挥着至关重要的作用，但获得此类服务的机会往往并不公平。我们利用地理信息系统 (GIS) 和空间分析方法为马萨诸塞州的 OEND 服务的优先安排提供信息：我们从马萨诸塞州公共卫生部获得了 OEND 站点的地址，并从马萨诸塞州生命记录和统计登记处获得了 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月的地址级致命 OOD 数据。我们使用 ArcGIS Pro 中的位置分配方法，利用现有 OEND 站点的位置和致命 OOD 计数创建了 p-median 模型，以确定未来应优先放置 OEND 的区域。分析中的变量包括交通方式、与公立学校的距离、种族和民族以及选址的可行性：马萨诸塞州的三个社区--阿瑟尔（Athol）、多切斯特（Dorchester）和菲奇堡（Fitchburg）--根据最大限度预防 OOD 的能力，通过地点分配模型被确定为新的 OEND 地点的优先选址。根据模型确定的 OEND 安置点社区的人口统计和用药过量率（每 10 万人 42.8 例 vs 每 10 万人 40.1 例）与现有 OEND 计划的社区相似，但纳洛酮试剂盒的分发率较低（每 10 万人 2589 剂 vs 每 10 万人 3704 剂）。进一步的模型显示，根据地点和交通情况的不同，获得纳洛酮的机会也不同：我们的分析确定了马萨诸塞州最需要 OEND 服务的主要地区。此外，这些结果还证明了使用空间流行病学方法为公共卫生建议提供信息的实用性。

{"title":"The optimization of harm reduction services in Massachusetts through the use of GIS: Location-allocation analyses, 2019–2021","authors":"Joshua R. Parbs , Sumeeta Srinivasan , Jennifer Pustz , Ric Bayly , Shikhar Shrestha , Olivia Lewis , Simeon Kimmel , Thera Meehan , Hermik Babakhanlou-Chase , Thomas J. Stopka","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fatal opioid-related overdoses (OOD) continue to be a leading cause of preventable death across the US. Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution programs (OENDs) play a vital role in addressing morbidity and mortality associated with opioid use, but access to such services is often inequitable. We utilized a geographic information system (GIS) and spatial analytical methods to inform prioritized placement of OEND services in Massachusetts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We obtained addresses for OEND sites from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and address-level fatal OOD data for January 2019 to December 2021 from the Massachusetts Registry of Vital Records and Statistics. Using location-allocation approaches in ArcGIS Pro, we created p-median models using locations of existing OEND sites and fatal OOD counts to identify areas that should be prioritized for future OEND placement. Variables included in our analysis were transportation mode, distance from public schools, race and ethnicity, and location feasibility.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Three Massachusetts communities – Athol, Dorchester, and Fitchburg – were identified as priority sites for new OEND locations using location-allocation models based on capacity to maximize OOD prevention. Communities identified by the models for OEND placement had similar demographics and overdose rates (42.8 per 100,000 vs 40.1 per 100,000 population) to communities with existing OEND programs but lower naloxone kit distribution rates (2589 doses per 100,000 vs 3704 doses per 100,000). Further models demonstrated differential access based on location and transportation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our analyses identified key areas of Massachusetts with greatest need for OEND services. Further, these results demonstrate the utility of using spatial epidemiological methods to inform public health recommendations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARC) associated with reduced well-woman visits and STI testing? Evidence from female Medicaid clients aged 15–24 in Delaware 长效可逆避孕药 (LARC) 的使用是否与妇女健康检查和性传播感染检测的减少有关？来自特拉华州 15-24 岁女性医疗补助客户的证据。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108089

Mieke C.W. Eeckhaut , Katie Fitzpatrick

Objective

Contraceptive method type matters to sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention, but contraceptive counseling often emphasizes method efficacy and the benefits of “forgettable” methods, including long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). We aimed to explore associations between prescription method type and annual STI testing and investigated whether these associations relate to annual well-woman visits.

Methods

We constructed a panel of 20,949 young women (<25) enrolled in Delaware's Medicaid program from 2012 through 2019. Conditional logit regressions measured associations between contraceptive method type and annual testing for gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis. We stratified contraceptive methods into LARC, short-acting reversible methods (SARC; pills, patch, ring, and injectable), or no prescription method. We estimated three models examining STI testing in year of method initiation, in years afterwards, and attendance to a well-woman visit as a potential mediator of these associations.

Results

STI testing rates did not differ between LARC versus SARC users in the year of method initiation. In the two years after method initiation, LARC versus SARC users were less likely to be tested (OR = 0.73 to OR = 0.87) and less likely to have a well-woman visit (OR = 0.65 to OR = 0.79). In models controlling for attendance to well-woman visits, the decreased likelihood of STI testing in years after initiating LARC versus SARC is largely eliminated, indicating that well-woman visits mediate the relationship between method type and STI testing.

Conclusions

LARC use relates to reduced STI testing in years after method initiation due to reduced attendance to well-women visits. These findings can inform clinical practice and STI prevention.

目的：避孕方法类型对预防性传播感染（STI）很重要，但避孕咨询通常强调避孕方法的功效和 "易遗忘 "方法的益处，包括长效可逆避孕药（LARCs）。我们旨在探索处方方法类型与年度 STI 检测之间的关联，并调查这些关联是否与年度妇女健康检查有关：方法：我们建立了一个由 20949 名年轻女性组成的小组（结果：不同处方药的性传播感染检测率没有差异）：在开始使用避孕方法的当年，LARC 和 SARC 使用者的性传播感染检测率没有差异。在开始使用避孕方法后的两年中，LARC 使用者与 SARC 使用者接受检测的可能性较低（OR = 0.73 至 OR = 0.87），接受妇女健康检查的可能性也较低（OR = 0.65 至 OR = 0.79）。在控制妇女健康检查出席率的模型中，开始使用 LARC 与使用 SARC 后几年内性传播感染检测可能性降低的情况基本消除，这表明妇女健康检查介导了方法类型与性传播感染检测之间的关系：结论：LARC 的使用与开始使用 LARC 后数年内性传播感染检测的减少有关，因为参加妇科检查的人数减少了。这些发现可为临床实践和性传播感染预防提供参考。

{"title":"Is use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARC) associated with reduced well-woman visits and STI testing? Evidence from female Medicaid clients aged 15–24 in Delaware","authors":"Mieke C.W. Eeckhaut , Katie Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Contraceptive method type matters to sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention, but contraceptive counseling often emphasizes method efficacy and the benefits of “forgettable” methods, including long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). We aimed to explore associations between prescription method type and annual STI testing and investigated whether these associations relate to annual well-woman visits.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We constructed a panel of 20,949 young women (<25) enrolled in Delaware's Medicaid program from 2012 through 2019. Conditional logit regressions measured associations between contraceptive method type and annual testing for gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis. We stratified contraceptive methods into LARC, short-acting reversible methods (SARC; pills, patch, ring, and injectable), or no prescription method. We estimated three models examining STI testing in year of method initiation, in years afterwards, and attendance to a well-woman visit as a potential mediator of these associations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>STI testing rates did not differ between LARC versus SARC users in the year of method initiation. In the two years after method initiation, LARC versus SARC users were less likely to be tested (OR = 0.73 to OR = 0.87) and less likely to have a well-woman visit (OR = 0.65 to OR = 0.79). In models controlling for attendance to well-woman visits, the decreased likelihood of STI testing in years after initiating LARC versus SARC is largely eliminated, indicating that well-woman visits mediate the relationship between method type and STI testing.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>LARC use relates to reduced STI testing in years after method initiation due to reduced attendance to well-women visits. These findings can inform clinical practice and STI prevention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 108089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contribution of greenness, air pollution, and residential food environment to excess gestational weight gain: A cross-sectional study in Wuhan, China 绿化、空气污染和居住地饮食环境对妊娠体重超常增长的影响：中国武汉的一项横断面研究。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108086

Miyuan Wang , Chen Wen , Chenmiao Zhou , Haiqing Qi , Mengna Wei , Wenqi Xia , Yimin Wang , Jianduan Zhang

Objectives

Our goal was to explore how greenness, air pollution, and residential food environment were linked to excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG), and to estimate their combined effects on this condition.

Method

This cross-sectional analysis included 51,507 pregnant women from the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System between 2016 and 2019. Generalized linear mixed regression models were employed to explore the relationships between greenness, air pollution, residential food environmental exposure, and EGWG; and the combined effects were further estimated by cluster analysis and principal components analysis.

Result

We only found a significant association between convenience store density within the 250 m buffer zone (OR = 1.03 and 95% CI: 1.01,1.05) and EGWG. In terms of air pollution, sulfur dioxide(SO₂), particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or less(PM₁₀), and particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less(PM_2.5) were substantially correlated with a higher prevalence of EGWG and higher GWG, with (OR = 1.16 and 95% CI: 1.12,1.21; OR = 1.12 and 95% CI: 1.08,1.16; OR = 1.17 and 95% CI: 1.14,1.21, respectively) per interquartile range(IQR) increase. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of three clusters representing urban exposures. In contrast to urban environment clusters characterized by favourable conditions, those exhibiting elevated air pollution levels, high-density residential food environment and low levels of greenness were found to have increased odds of EGWG (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.19).

Conclusion

This study emphasizes that exposure to elevated air pollution, high-density residential neighbourhood food environments, and low levels of greenness is a neighbourhood obesogenic environment for pregnant women.

目标：我们的目标是探索绿化、空气污染和居住地饮食环境如何与妊娠体重增加过快（EGWG）相关联：我们的目标是探索绿化、空气污染和居住地饮食环境与妊娠体重增长过快（EGWG）之间的关系，并估算它们对这种情况的综合影响：这项横断面分析纳入了武汉市妇幼保健管理信息系统中2016年至2019年间的51507名孕妇。采用广义线性混合回归模型探讨了绿化、空气污染、居住地食物环境暴露与EGWG之间的关系，并通过聚类分析和主成分分析进一步估计了其综合效应：结果：我们仅发现 250 米缓冲区内的便利店密度（OR = 1.03，95% CI：1.01,1.05）与 EGWG 之间存在明显联系。在空气污染方面，二氧化硫（SO2）、直径在 10 μm 或以下的颗粒物（PM10）和直径在 2.5 μm 或以下的颗粒物（PM2.5）与较高的 EGWG 患病率和较高的 GWG 患病率密切相关，每四分位数间距（IQR）增加（OR = 1.16 和 95% CI：1.12,1.21；OR = 1.12 和 95% CI：1.08,1.16；OR = 1.17 和 95% CI：1.14,1.21）。聚类分析显示存在三个代表城市暴露的聚类。与具有良好条件的城市环境群组相比，空气污染水平升高、高密度居住食品环境和低绿化水平的群组发生 EGWG 的几率更高（OR = 1.10，95% CI：1.03, 1.19）：本研究强调，暴露于高浓度空气污染、高密度居住区食品环境和低绿化水平的环境是导致孕妇肥胖的邻里环境。

{"title":"Contribution of greenness, air pollution, and residential food environment to excess gestational weight gain: A cross-sectional study in Wuhan, China","authors":"Miyuan Wang , Chen Wen , Chenmiao Zhou , Haiqing Qi , Mengna Wei , Wenqi Xia , Yimin Wang , Jianduan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Our goal was to explore how greenness, air pollution, and residential food environment were linked to excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG), and to estimate their combined effects on this condition.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This cross-sectional analysis included 51,507 pregnant women from the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System between 2016 and 2019. Generalized linear mixed regression models were employed to explore the relationships between greenness, air pollution, residential food environmental exposure, and EGWG; and the combined effects were further estimated by cluster analysis and principal components analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>We only found a significant association between convenience store density within the 250 m buffer zone (OR = 1.03 and 95% CI: 1.01,1.05) and EGWG. In terms of air pollution, sulfur dioxide(SO<sub>2</sub>), particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or less(PM<sub>10</sub>), and particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less(PM<sub>2.5</sub>) were substantially correlated with a higher prevalence of EGWG and higher GWG, with (OR = 1.16 and 95% CI: 1.12,1.21; OR = 1.12 and 95% CI: 1.08,1.16; OR = 1.17 and 95% CI: 1.14,1.21, respectively) per interquartile range(IQR) increase. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of three clusters representing urban exposures. In contrast to urban environment clusters characterized by favourable conditions, those exhibiting elevated air pollution levels, high-density residential food environment and low levels of greenness were found to have increased odds of EGWG (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.19).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study emphasizes that exposure to elevated air pollution, high-density residential neighbourhood food environments, and low levels of greenness is a neighbourhood obesogenic environment for pregnant women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and smoking abstinence: An analysis of the National Health Interview Survey (2006-2018) 糖尿病诊断与戒烟之间的关系：全国健康访谈调查分析。

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108085

Ahmed Sayed , Fatma Labieb , Elizabeth R. Stevens , Kosuke Tamura , Ellen Boakye , Salim S. Virani , Nan Jiang , Lu Hu , Michael J. Blaha , Omar El-Shahawy

Objective

Both diabetes and smoking significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding whether a diagnosis of diabetes can be leveraged to promote smoking cessation is a gap in the literature.

Methods

We used data from the US National Health Interview Survey, 2006 to 2018, to investigate the relationship between self-report of diagnosis of diabetes and subsequent smoking abstinence among 142,884 respondents who reported regular smoking at baseline. Effect sizes were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) derived from multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders using diabetes as a time-dependent covariate. Subgroup-specific estimates were obtained using interaction terms between diabetes and variables of interest.

Results

A self-reported diagnosis of diabetes was associated with smoking abstinence (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.27). The strength of the association varied based on race (P for interaction: 0.004), where it was strongest in African Americans (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.60); income (P for interaction <0.001), where it was strongest in those with a yearly income less than $35,000 (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.36 to 1.53); and educational attainment (P for interaction <0.001), where it was strongest in those who did not attend college (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.40 to 1.57).

Conclusion

Among adults who smoke, a diagnosis of diabetes is significantly associated with subsequent smoking abstinence. The association is strongest in socially disadvantaged demographics, including African Americans, low-income individuals, and those who did not attend college.

目的：糖尿病和吸烟都会大大增加心血管疾病（CVD）的风险。了解是否可以利用糖尿病诊断来促进戒烟是文献中的一个空白：我们利用 2006 年至 2018 年美国全国健康访谈调查的数据，调查了 142884 名基线时报告经常吸烟的受访者自我报告糖尿病诊断与随后戒烟之间的关系。影响大小以危险比（HRs）表示，该危险比来自多变量 Cox 回归模型，该模型使用糖尿病作为时间依赖性协变量，并对潜在混杂因素进行了调整。利用糖尿病与相关变量之间的交互项得出了特定亚组的估计值：自我报告的糖尿病诊断与戒烟相关（HR：1.21；95% CI：1.16 至 1.27）。这种关联的强度因种族而异（交互作用 P：0.004），其中非裔美国人的关联强度最大（HR：1.44；95% CI：1.29 至 1.60）；收入（交互作用 P：0.005）和吸烟（交互作用 P：0.006）也与之相关：在成年吸烟者中，糖尿病诊断与随后的戒烟有显著相关性。在社会弱势群体中，包括非裔美国人、低收入者和未上过大学的人，这种关联性最强。

{"title":"Association between a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and smoking abstinence: An analysis of the National Health Interview Survey (2006-2018)","authors":"Ahmed Sayed , Fatma Labieb , Elizabeth R. Stevens , Kosuke Tamura , Ellen Boakye , Salim S. Virani , Nan Jiang , Lu Hu , Michael J. Blaha , Omar El-Shahawy","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Both diabetes and smoking significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding whether a diagnosis of diabetes can be leveraged to promote smoking cessation is a gap in the literature.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used data from the US National Health Interview Survey, 2006 to 2018, to investigate the relationship between self-report of diagnosis of diabetes and subsequent smoking abstinence among 142,884 respondents who reported regular smoking at baseline. Effect sizes were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) derived from multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders using diabetes as a time-dependent covariate. Subgroup-specific estimates were obtained using interaction terms between diabetes and variables of interest.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A self-reported diagnosis of diabetes was associated with smoking abstinence (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.27). The strength of the association varied based on race (<em>P</em> for interaction: 0.004), where it was strongest in African Americans (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.60); income (<em>P</em> for interaction <0.001), where it was strongest in those with a yearly income less than $35,000 (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.36 to 1.53); and educational attainment (<em>P</em> for interaction <0.001), where it was strongest in those who did not attend college (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.40 to 1.57).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Among adults who smoke, a diagnosis of diabetes is significantly associated with subsequent smoking abstinence. The association is strongest in socially disadvantaged demographics, including African Americans, low-income individuals, and those who did not attend college.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 108085"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Preventive medicine

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108079

Ningkun Xiao , Xinlin Huang , Dandan Yang , Wanli Zang , Sergey Kiselev , Mikhail A. Bolkov , Khyber Shinwari , Irina Tuzankina , Valery Chereshnev

Background

Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) significantly affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL), presenting greater challenges than those faced by the healthy population and other chronic disease sufferers. Current research lacks comprehensive integration of this critical issue.

Objective

This study explores HRQOL in IEI patients, identifies impacting factors, and advocates for increased research focus on their quality of life.

Methods

Following systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines, a search of Scopus and PubMed until November 15, 2023, yielded 1633 publications. We evaluated the literature, assessed study quality, and compared the HRQOL of IEI patients to that of healthy individuals and other chronic disease patients.

Results

Of 90 articles and 10,971 IEI patients analyzed, study quality varied (nine good, 63 moderate, and 18 poor). The Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory generic core scales (PedsQL) were the primary generic instruments used among adults and children, respectively, with 12 studies each using the disease-specific instruments. Meta-analysis showed IEI patients have significantly lower scores in general health, physical and mental health, and social and emotional roles compared to healthy populations. We noted significant differences between self and proxy reports, indicating caregiver anxiety and perception disparities.

Conclusion

Despite limitations like small sample sizes and reliance on generic instruments, this research underscores the substantially lower HRQOL among IEI patients, emphasizing the need for a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach to improve their life quality and calling for more focused attention on IEI patients and their caregivers' HRQOL.

背景：先天性免疫错误 (IEI) 严重影响患者的健康相关生活质量 (HRQOL)，与健康人群和其他慢性病患者相比，IEI 带来了更大的挑战。目前的研究缺乏对这一关键问题的全面整合：本研究探讨了 IEI 患者的 HRQOL，确定了影响因素，并倡导加强对其生活质量的研究：根据系统综述和荟萃分析指南，我们对 Scopus 和 PubMed 进行了检索，截至 2023 年 11 月 15 日，共检索到 1633 篇文献。我们对文献进行了评估，对研究质量进行了评估，并将 IEI 患者的 HRQOL 与健康人和其他慢性病患者的 HRQOL 进行了比较：在分析的 90 篇文章和 10971 名 IEI 患者中，研究质量参差不齐（9 篇良好，63 篇中等，18 篇较差）。简表-36 (SF-36) 和儿科生活质量量表通用核心量表 (PedsQL) 分别是成人和儿童使用的主要通用量表，另有 12 项研究使用了疾病特异性量表。元分析表明，与健康人群相比，IEI 患者在一般健康、身心健康以及社会和情感角色方面的得分明显较低。我们注意到自我报告和代理报告之间存在明显差异，这表明护理人员存在焦虑和认知差异：尽管存在样本量小和依赖通用工具等局限性，但这项研究强调了 IEI 患者的 HRQOL 明显较低，强调需要以患者为中心的多学科方法来改善他们的生活质量，并呼吁更多关注 IEI 患者及其照顾者的 HRQOL。

{"title":"Health-related quality of life in patients with inborn errors of immunity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ningkun Xiao , Xinlin Huang , Dandan Yang , Wanli Zang , Sergey Kiselev , Mikhail A. Bolkov , Khyber Shinwari , Irina Tuzankina , Valery Chereshnev","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) significantly affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL), presenting greater challenges than those faced by the healthy population and other chronic disease sufferers. Current research lacks comprehensive integration of this critical issue.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study explores HRQOL in IEI patients, identifies impacting factors, and advocates for increased research focus on their quality of life.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Following systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines, a search of Scopus and PubMed until November 15, 2023, yielded 1633 publications. We evaluated the literature, assessed study quality, and compared the HRQOL of IEI patients to that of healthy individuals and other chronic disease patients.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 90 articles and 10,971 IEI patients analyzed, study quality varied (nine good, 63 moderate, and 18 poor). The Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory generic core scales (PedsQL) were the primary generic instruments used among adults and children, respectively, with 12 studies each using the disease-specific instruments. Meta-analysis showed IEI patients have significantly lower scores in general health, physical and mental health, and social and emotional roles compared to healthy populations. We noted significant differences between self and proxy reports, indicating caregiver anxiety and perception disparities.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Despite limitations like small sample sizes and reliance on generic instruments, this research underscores the substantially lower HRQOL among IEI patients, emphasizing the need for a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach to improve their life quality and calling for more focused attention on IEI patients and their caregivers' HRQOL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 108079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0