Polskie archiwum weterynaryjne最新文献

5 male and 1 female dogs weighing 15-20 kg were used in the study. Animals underwent the functional cholecystectomy, bidirectional cannulation of the common bile duct and the implantation of 9 bipolar electrodes located in the stomach and small intestine. In 13 experiments performed on 4 dogs the interdigestive myoelectric activity was recorded and plasma motilin and PP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay during: 1) the control period where the spontaneous bile circulation was preserved, 2) bile depletion with or without intravenous motilin (56 pmol.kg-1.hr-1) infusion, 3) intraduodenal infusion of 50 mM Na-taurocholate with or without intravenous infusion of PP (400 pmol.kg-1.hr-1). During 88 additional experiments performed on all operated animals, which comprised the control studies, bile deprivation experiments and bile or bile acid infusions, the interdigestive myoelectric activity was recorded along with the estimation of sites of phase III origin. Motilin infusion at the lack of bile and bile acids in the intestine elicited the premature phase III in the duodenum, markedly increased the percentage of phases III originating from the stomach, inhibited the arrival of phase I of the myoelectric cycle and lowered plasma PP level. Infusion of PP despite the presence of bile acids in the small intestinal lumen caused the phase III originated from the proximal or mild jejunum and lowered plasma motilin level. Thus, unlike bile or bile acids, both motilin and PP are directly responsible for the appearance of phase III in the stomach and proximal small bowel of the dog. The luminal bile appears only to play a mediatory role influencing the release of the hormonal peptides examined here.

The experimental material were female chicks of Tetra SL cross-breed. It was found out that in the spleens of 8-week old chicks, bursectomized in the neonatal period, there occurred not only a decrease in the number of type I and II germinal centres, but also weakening of the reaction to acid phosphatase as well in those organic structures as in periellipsoidal lymphatic tissue. Single administration of sheep red blood cells to the chicks exerted varied effects on the germinal centres in the spleen depending on whether the recipient chicks had or had not been bursectomized. In non-bursectomized chicks there was observed an increase in the number of both types centres as well as intensified in them reaction to acid phosphatase. Now, after administration of the antigen to bursectomized chicks only the number of type II germinal centres was found to have increased with intensified in them reaction to acid phosphatase, while the number of type I centres and intensity of reaction to acid phosphatase stayed almost unchanged, i.e. at the level lowered by bursectomy. On these grounds it may be thought that only type II reproductive centres retain their reactivity to administration of the antigen irrespective of whether the chicks had or had not been bursectomized. Now, the sensitivity of type I centres of the spleen seems to be influenced, first of all, by the biological function of bursa Fabricii. Reactivity similar to that manifested by type I germinal centres, i.e. intensified reaction to acid phosphatase and growth after administration of antigen, was found also in periellipsoidal lymphatic tissue, though, only in non--bursectomized chicks. In the aspect of this research the results obtained constitute the basis for further study of the mechanism of immunological response in chicks.

The purpose of this work was to observe and estimate immune reaction taking place in pregnant sheep and their progeny after applying immunomodulator being a formalized culture strain Propionibacterium acnes CN 5936 [PA]. This biological preparation was used in order to reduce the endemic form of listeriosis in a big flock of sheep. 15 pregnant sheep were vaccinated with PA 4 weeks before the date of delivery and later, the sheep's progeny at the age of 3 weeks. During that experiment immunological, clinical and breeding estimations were carried out. The results of the experiment allow to draw a conclusion that the PA immunomodulator causes a considerable increase in specific cell-mediated parametres in pregnant sheep. The above described experiment of modulating pregnant sheep and their progeny reduces considerably lambs' clinical symptoms and mortality caused by listeriosis. Moreover, this method of immunoprophylaxis positively affects lambs' weight increase.

The autopsy and histopathological changes in the wall of aortic arch were presented in calves died of pulmonary and intestinal disorders. The bacteriological examinations of the internal organs demonstrated: E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corynebacterium et al. Gelatinous edematous++ and hemorrhagic inflammatory centers of aortic arch adventitia were distinctly visible during thorax examination. In aortic arch the diagonal fissures of endothelium and deeper layers of the wall were found. In microscopical examination the heavy degenerative changes in the arch endothelium and deeper layers were observed. The fissures were from 0.5 to several millimeters in length and penetrated 1/3 to 1/2 thickness at the wall. The authors suggested that starting point of this changes are Gram-negative bacillary inflammatory centers in lungs. The bacterial endotoxins and vasoactive substances liberated by altered cells penetrated the aortic arch by the tissues continuity and in contact way.

Progesterone concentration was determined by RIA in 24 ewes of Polish Merino Breed on 1-40th day after parturition. In most of the studied ewes (58%) 1-3 luteal phases were observed. Elevated concentration of progesterone appeared on days 6-15, but in most cases on the 20th day postpartum approximately. Luteal phases of first oestrous cycles were shortened and lasted approximately 6 days, whereas normal length of oestrous cycles and progesterone concentration illustrating the presence of cyclic corpus luteum were observed on the 25th day after postpartum.

Experiments were performed on 10 fasted dogs equipped with perfused catheter which was placed into the branch of the cranial mesenteric artery supplying the short duodenal or jejunal segment. In addition, 9 bipolar electrodes for electromyographic examinations were implanted into the stomach and small bowel including the perfused intestinal segment. Na-taurocholate, Na-taurodeoxycholate (TD) and Na-taurochenodeoxycholate were infused for 2 hr in 2 different doses (reaching in blood, which supplies the intestine, the concentration about 7.5 and about 50 mumol.l-1) or injected for 0.5 min (reaching the concentration about 200 mumol.l-1 in the blood) close intraarterially to the animals. The lower dose of bile acid infused caused no significant changes in myoelectric activity. The higher dose of bile acid infused significantly inhibited the occurrence of action potentials (prolongation of phase I of the migrating myoelectric complex) for the period much longer than the bile acid infusion itself. Both stimulatory (the phase III-like myoelectric activity, vomiting) and inhibitory effects of action potentials as well as changes in frequency and amplitude of resting potentials were triggered by bile acid injection. Alterations induced by TD administration were the strongest. The immediate appearance of the inhibitory effect suggests the mediatory role of the nervous system in this response. In normal conditions the bile acids appear to regulate the motor function of the digestive tract solely when they enter the intestinal lumen. Their raised level in plasma, as observed in many liver and biliary tract diseases must give, as a consequence, an unfavourable effects which may be a cause for the arrival of gastrointestinal manifestations (the motor component) during a course of above affections.

Astra S hybrid chickens, bursectomized within 48 hours of life, were administered the following antigens: virus of Newcastle disease (NDV) in the fourth week of life and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) 10-12 days later. Level of antibodies to the antigens was determined in the sixth week of the birds' life. Administration of SRBC to non-bursectomized chickens inoculated with NDV brought about, in comparison with the chickens not administered SRBC, several-time increase in the titre of anti-NDV antibodies, the anti-SRBC antibodies in chickens inoculated and not inoculated with NDV stayed at the same level. Now, administration of BSA to non-bursectomized chickens inoculated with NDV, in comparison with those not stimulated with BSA, brought about a slight decrease in the titre of anti-NDV antibodies. Bursectomized chickens appeared to exhibit much weaker reaction to the three antigens than the non-bursectomized ones. Administration of SRBC to bursectomized chickens inoculated with NDV exerted no influence on the level of anti-NDV antibodies but, in comparison with those not inoculated with NDV, the titre of anti-SRBC antibodies in them increased twice. Inoculation of bursectomized chickens with NDV followed by administration of BSA brought about, in comparison with those not administered BSA, an increase in the titre of anti-NDV antibodies. At the same time bursectomized chickens inoculated with NDV exhibited a lower level of anti-BSA agglutinins in comparison with the not inoculated ones.

Chlormethine (Nitrogen mustard) in small doses proved to have immunopotentiating and anti-inflammatory activities. The influence of two nitrogen mustard derivatives : chlorambucil (1 or 10 micrograms/kg p.o.) and cyclophosphamide (0.03 or 0.3 mg/kg i.v.) as well as busulphan (0.5 or 5 micrograms/kg p.o.)--the agent of ++alkylating cytostatic group were investigated in rabbits. Whole blood count, the number of T and B lymphocytes, serum IgG level, phagocytic and microbicidal activities of neutrophils and the plasma level of free glucocorticoids were estimated. The drugs were used in the doses 10-100 times lower than cytostatic ones. Moreover, the ability of alkylating drugs to enhance or to suppress the changes evoked by lipopolysaccharide of E. coli in examined parameters was assessed. The results were compared with chlormethine data obtained previously. None of two nitrogen mustard derivatives (chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide) in the doses many times lower than cytostatic ones, exhibited an immunostimulating and adjuvant properties characteristic of chlormethine. Such properties did not demonstrate small doses of busulphan, another compound of alkylating drugs.

The experiment has been carried out on 6 bulls of cb. breed at the age of 3 months. Clearance methods were used to examine the hypophysin (0.1 u V/kg) and desoxycorticosterone acetate (0.1 mg/kg) influence on the size of diuresis, glomerular filtration and excretion of the following: sodium, potassium, chlorides, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus with urine. Three months old calves had (in comparing to calves in neonatal period) higher glomerular filtration level and lower coefficient of endogenous creatinine purification, however the GFR did not still reach the GFR level of adult animals. Hypophysin and desoxycorticosterone acetate influenced both the process of glomerular filtration (decrease) and tubular transportation of water, Na, K and Cl. After the acetate had been applied, higher condensation of urine was noticed than after the application of hypophysin. Administering DOC to the calves caused decrease in sodium and chlorides excretion with urine as well as increase in kidney purification of potassium. Increased excretion of potassium ion and the decrease in urine pH after DOC injection may suggest that older calves compared with the ones at the age of 2-5 weeks have their kidney mechanism regulating potassium and acid-basic balance developed and efficient. Significant effect of hypophysin and desoxycorticosterone acetate on the process of calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus excretion with the urine has not been stated.