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Influence of hydrocortisone (H), deoxycorticosterone (D), phenylephrine (F) and isoprenaline (I) on activity of alpha amylase (AA) = 4-glucohydrolase alpha-1, 4-glucan [3, 2, 1, 1] and glucoamylase (GA) = glucohydrolase alpha-1, 4-glucan [3, 2, 1, 3] was investigated in heart and skeletal muscle in rats, before and after adrenalectomy (AT). It was found that AT inhibits a rise in the activities of AA and GA caused by F in both investigated muscles, whereas the I given after AT loses its ability to inhibit GA activity in heart and skeletal muscle. Both H and D administered after AT recover the ability of F to an increase in the investigated enzyme activity whereas recovers I ability to inhibit amylase activity in the presence of H. It can be concluded that inhibition of amylase activity is muscles results from interaction between beta-adrenergic stimulation with glucocorticoids, while the increase in activities of these enzymes is a result of interaction between alpha-adrenergic stimulation with mineral tropic action of both D and H.

PMN cell random and directed migration, adherence, aggregation, ingestion of bacteria as well as resting and stimulated NBT reduction activities were studied in two groups of 5, 2-4 months-old bullocks experimentally (group I) or naturally (group III) infected with BHV1. Control groups (II and IV) consisted of 5 healthy calves. Experimental infection of bullous were carried out using Polish field isolate of BHV1; animals were injected intramuscularly, intravenously and into conjunctival sack with 3 ml, 1 ml and 0.5 ml of the virus respectively. PMN cell phagocytic activities and virological examinations were performed in the group I and II control 2 days before, at the day, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 64 days post infection, while in the groups III and IV at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 52 day of the experiment. Directed migration, ingestion of bacteria and NBT reduction by resting and stimulated PMN cells activities were decreased whereas random migration, adherence and aggregation abilities as well as number phagocytosing cells were increased both in naturally and experimentally infected animals. These changes were noted in experimentally infected animals at 1-7 day post infection, its three weeks before antibody anti BHV1 and lasted for 3-9 weeks, while in naturally infected bullocks they appeared at 1-28 day of the experiment and persisted for 4-8 weeks the virus was easy isolated from nasal swabs especially of naturally infected animals.

The total protein and total bilirubin levels as well as the GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, GGTP and beta-glucuronidase activity in the blood serum and faeces from 121 diarrhoeic, Friesian-Holstein calves, aged from 1 to 10 days were investigated. As a control the results obtained in the previous investigations were used. Simultaneously the microbiological and histopathological examinations were performed. The changes of certain parameters in the blood serum, in the first 10 days of life, were parallel in both healthy and sick animals. The increase in alkaline phosphatase, GOT and GPT activity in calves with diarrhoea was observed. These changes may suggest the liver function damage during the neonatal calf diarrhoea. The decrease in GGTP activity, in the light of relationship between this enzyme and alkaline phosphatase activity, indicate the disturbances in intestinal absorption of colostral fraction of GGTP. The activity of beta-glucuronidase may be the sensitive index of liver function and indicate the range and the intensity of necrotic and/or dystrophic lesions. The activity of GOT and GPT in the faeces may be used as an indicator of liver function in the calves with diarrhoea while the additional investigations to explain the relationship between alkaline phosphatase, GGTP and beta-glucuronidase activity in faeces and intestinal lesions are needed.

Twenty-four-hour changes in the value of the liver clearance coefficient of antipyrine in 10 calves of ncb. race, aged 28-30 days were examined. The findings made it possible to separate 2 subgroups among the examined animals: 6 calves eliminated antipyrine from plasma more quickly during the day than at night and 4 calves - more quickly at night than in the day. To verify the observed differences 3 days after the first examination another antipyrine test was performed on 6 calves (3 from the "night" group and 3 from the "day" group). It has been found that animals which had the tendency to quicker elimination (metabolism) of the antipyrine during the day confirmed it in the second examination. The same regularity has been observed for the calves which quicker eliminate antipyrine from plasma at night.

Observations were performed on 30 brains of blue foxes, whose arteries were filled with synthetic latex. The measurements of volume, length and diameter of the basal artery and arteries that made cerebral circle were done using digital image analysis system. It has been indicated that an average volume of the cerebral circle in that species was 12.96 mm3 and was statistically highly important correlated with the weight of the brain (0.83). The total volume of the cerebral nasal arteries was estimated as 4.96 mm3 and the volume of the communicating caudal arteries was 8.08 mm3. No statistically important correlation has been indicated between the weight of brain and the volume of the basal artery (8.84 mm3). The volume of the basal artery was negatively correlated with the length of the vessel (-0.42).

The experiments were carried out with 70 cattle male fetuses coming from 8th to 40th week of pregnancy and with 8 newborns aged from 1 to 14 days of life. The pelvic arteries were filled up--through aorta--with rubber latex stained with pigments by means of automatic devices of own design and construction. The age of the fetuses was determined with the Kantorova method. On the grounds of the investigation it has been found that the ductus deferens, the fore-part or urethra, vesicular and prostatic glands in cattle fetuses and newborns are supplied with blood by following arteries: 1) rami ductus deferentis aa. testiculares, 2) arteriae ductus deferentis and 3) aa. prostaticae. In cattle fetuses and newborns the above mentioned twin vessels undergo several developmental quantitative and qualitative transformations. Least of all the transformations pertain to rami ductus deferentis aa. testiculares. As for the arteries of ductus deferens there was observed mutability of mainly individual character, not related to the age of the animal. It concerned, first of all, the variety of places and ways of departure of the arteries from the superior vessels. Finally, developmental transformations of the prostatic arteries manifested considerable dependence on the age of the animals, in this respect differing significantly from those mentioned previously. Generally one can state that the developmental mutability of the arteries studied was almost always superimposed by high-degree individual mutability of those vessels, which so far has not been clearly marked in specialist literature.

The influence of dopamine on the motility of the caecum were studied. The experiments were carried out on 4 sheep with chronic fistulas of the caecum. The contractions of the caecum were recorded by the balloon method. Dopamine infused intravenously at a rate 29-38 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 inhibited the motility of the caecum. Dopamine infused after beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol (0.5-1.0 mg.kg-1) inhibited the movements of the caecum, however administrated after domperidone (0.2-0.4 mg.kg-1) didn't change its movements. It has been concluded that dopamine inhibits the caecum motility in sheep through specific dopaminergic receptors.

The objective of the studies was to examine the influence of sedatives drugs: Relanium and Fenactil on clinical parameters, blood pressure, blood composition, acid-base balance, arterial blood oxygenation, electrolytes, bilirubin and activity of enzymes in sera of sheep. Basing on these data the more effective drug for sedation in sheep has been chosen. It was found that intravenous injection of Relanium at a dose of 1 mg/kg b.w. enables an appropriate sedation with immobilisation lasting for 20 minutes, whereas Fenactil at a dose of 3 mg/kg b.w. injected intravenously caused a sedation of a various intensity lasting for about 20 minutes. Moreover, Fenactil revealed a depressive action in the respiratory center which was manifested by decrease in oxygenation of arterial blood and disturbances in acid-base balance. Relanium affected these parameters only slightly. The disturbances developing after Fenactil were more intense and long lasting. On the basis of the above data--Relanium (diazepam) appeared to be more convenient that Fenactil to sedation in sheep.

The aim of the experiment carried out on 2 groups (to comprise 8 specimens) bull calves, of ncb. breed, at the age of 60 to 65 days and of an average body weight 90 +/- 5 kg, was to define the effect of intramuscular ACTH (0.2 j.m./kg b.w.) and hydrocortisone (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) injections on the hepatic biotransformation of antipyrine. No changes were noticed in the quantity of antipyrine distribution space Vd under the influence of the hormonal preparations applied. Shorter time of antipyrine halflife from the body T/2 was observed, yet the differences stated have not confirmed statistically. ACTH and hydrocortisone injections caused the increase in constant elimination value of antipyrine from the organism k as well as the increase in the quantity of hepatic antipyrine clearance ClA. The differences observed have not turned out to be statistically significant.

The aim of the study was the investigation of rumen fermentation during alkalosis in cows. The study comprised some parameters of rumen fermentation, such as: pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFA) levels, also relationship between VFA, numbers of population of protozoa and bacteria, total production of gases in vitro particularly CO2 and CH4, amounts of lactic and total protein in rumen fluid and non-glucogenic/glucogenic ratio (NGGR) in the VFA mixture. On the basis of obtained results the amounts of fermented hexose, cell yield, ATP produced and hydrogen utilization were calculated. During alkalosis there was observed significant fall of VFA production, especially acetic and butyric acids, also lower production of gases, particularly CH4--probably as a result of selective reduction of methanogenic strain bacteria. The levelling of value of rumen pattern of fermentation occurred after the beginning of lactation probably as a result of metabolism products excretion together with milk.