Polskie archiwum weterynaryjne最新文献

Investigation into the morphology and development of the testicular vein in bovine was carried out with 85 male foetuses from the 8-40th week of pregnancy and with 10 newborns aged 1 to 10 days of life, the total being 95 preparations. The age of the foetuses was determined by Kantorova method complemented with those by other authors. The observations were made with using rubber latex introduced into the lumen of the tested veins by means of an automatic device of our own construction. It was found out that the developmental transformations of the testicular veins, initiated in the embryo, progress very dynamically in foetuses up to about the 20th week of pregnancy and them gradually slow down in older foetuses. Finally, in a fully formed testicular vein of the oldest foetuses and newborns there can be distinguished the proximal and distal part of this vessel. The proximal part carries the blood away from labile components of the testicular vein, the only exceptions being the aortic branch and the ureteral vein. Now, the solid components escape into the distal part of testicular vein. In the course of the distal part of the vessel there are its three basic plexuses, i.e. the testicular plexus, the marginal plexus of testicular vein and the largest of them--the pampiniform plexus of testicular vein. The blood from the last plexus is carried away into the main trunk of testicular vein by two anastomotic branches--lateral and medial. Of the veins examined the right one usually escapes to the caudal vena cava or to the deep circumflex iliac vein, while the left one to deep circumflex iliac vein or to the common iliac vein.

The purpose of the present study was determination of the percentage of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNL) with Fc (FcRs) and "non-immunological" (INsRs) receptors on the surface in clinically healthy cows. In the study the PMNL populations were compared after their isolation from the peripheral blood, the mammary gland and the uterus. For the determination of FcRs and INsRs the rosette test and the phagocytosis test were chosen. The reported study demonstrated that a significantly higher PMNL proportion isolated from the colostrum, milk or uterine lumen (48 h after ovulation) had on the surface greater number of FcRs than the PMNL isolated from the peripheral blood of the same cows. These cells had also a higher phagocytic activity against two standard strains of S. aureus (Smith and 305).

The experiment was carried out on 50 slaughter cocks, aged 5 weeks. The purpose of the experiment was to estimate the effect of beta-carotene and apo-beta-carotenoic acid (10% Carophyll yellow) on some indices of cellular immunity in chicks receiving the feed of high vitamin A content. Chl and NBT proved that carotenoids increased phagocytic activity of neutrophiles in peripheral blood. Similarly, in the case of beta-carotene it was found by blastic transformation test that on 30-40th day of the experiment, the value IS of peripheral blood lymphocytes was increased. On the other hand, chicks fed apo-beta-carotenoic acid showed such an effect on 40th day of observation only in the case when the lowest dose of preparation (24 mg/kg of feed) and Con A as mitogen were applied. In each experimental group, the chicks exhibited increased flavin content in liver and markedly increased retinol content due to apo-beta-carotenoic acid (24 mg/kg of feed). On the other hand, the contents of alpha tocopherol and ascorbic acid did not show significant differences between experimental and control groups. Similar were the results with iron, zinc and magnesium. Copper content of the liver was markedly increased in the birds receiving apo-beta-carotenoic acid in the dose of 24 mg/kg of feed. The increased content of manganese was observed in the liver of birds receiving beta carotene (6 mg/kg of feed).

In 4 dogs the functional cholecystectomy was performed, then the common bile duct was cannulated and 9 bipolar electrodes were implanted into the stomach and small intestine. During the interdigestive period when the experiments were carried out both bile flow and electric activity of the gastrointestinal tract were monitored under the following conditions: 1) short or long bile depletion periods, 2) intraduodenal infusions of 50 mM sodium taurocholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate or sodium taurochenodeoxycholate, 3) intraduodenal bile infusions. Total bile acid content was determined in bile samples, then both bile acid-dependent (BAF) and bile acid-independent fractions (BAIF) of bile were calculated. The appearance of the bile secretory component was in 65% correlated with phase III of the MMC while the height of its amplitude usually exceeded 100% of the initial value. In all experimental groups the marked increase in BAIF was followed by a slight enhancement of BAF or its absence. Fluctuations of the biliary fractions were determined by a degree of depletion of the systemic bile acid pool. The changes described were more distinct during infusions of dihydroxy bile acids. The results suggest the importance of BAIF in the appearance of the bile secretory component of the MMC.

Experiments concerning the influence of hypophysin (0.1 vol. unit/kg) and desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate (0.1 mg/kg) on the size of diuresis, urine condensation and the glomerular filtration process have been carried out on 12 bulls at the age of 2-5 weeks of life. It has been stated that already 2-week old kidneys are able to condensate urine, and kidney water saving under the influence of hypophysin is the result of glomerular filtration decrease and tubular resorption increase. Water and electrolytes stopping under the desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate influence was caused by lowered glomal leaking and intensified process of adsorption in tubules. The lack of higher acidification of urine after acetate injection suggests that kidneys at neonatal period show low activity "re serve" within acid-alkaline balance regulation. It has been pointed out that because of intensive tubular secretion the clearance of endogenous creatinine cannot be the measure of glomerular filtration size.

The experimental studies have been carried out on 182 fetuses and 18 cattle neonates of both sexes. The pelvis blood vessels of the examined preparations have been filled with rubber latex using automatic device of our own design. On the basis of the detailed analysis of morphological and developmental features of genital glands i.e. ovarian artery and testicular artery, the rate and form of quantitative and qualitative transformations have been determined. It has been concluded that the primary form of the examined arteries, identical in sexually bipotential embryos, prefetuses and the youngest fetuses, has been undergoing transformations in older fetuses with the progressing sex determination. At the end of fetal life and in neonates, ovarian and testicular arteries take the form typical of sex and approximate to the species standard. Morphological features of these arteries, which should be considered as the ones of secondary sex character, have been identified as highly homologous.

Both nifedipine and verapamil, the calcium channel blockers were tested to determine their anti-leukotriene properties in pig uterine strips. These drugs in concentrations ranging from 1.10(-7)M to 1.10(-5)M significantly attenuated the constrictor effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes in pig uterus. Thus, leukotrienes C4, D4 and E4 are dependent upon Ca2+ for their myotropic activity, an action non-competitively inhibited by the calcium channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil.

The effect of exploitation and adrenergic system drugs on sexual reflexes and properties of the semen in somatically mature Polish Large White boars has been presented. At the first stage 8 males were exploited twice a week. Then, previous to semen collection, the animals were given beta-adrenolytic (Propranolol--Polfa), after 30 minutes followed by the preparation Levonor--Polfa (alpha-adrenomimetic). 15 minutes after last injection the semen was collected, this procedure having been repeated twice a week. At the second stage of the experiment the same males were exploited once a week. Like in the first stage, the animals were given the same doses of the drugs in the same sequence. 15 minutes after last injection the semen was collected once a week. At the third stage of the experiment the boars were exploited every day. Again, like in the previous stages, the animals were given the above mentioned beta-adrenolytic and alpha-adrenomimetic to collect the semen 15 minutes after last injection. In all the stages of the experiment 6-8 ejaculates were collected from each boar. Apart from preliminary assessment of concentration and morphology of spermatozoons there was determined the level of protein and activity of selected enzymes in the semen. The sexual drive as well as the time of searching reflex and ejaculation were observed. The drugs applied have been proved to be able to prolong the time of ejaculation reflex. Simultaneous application of beta-adrenolytic and alpha-adrenomimetic to animals exploited twice a week appeared to increase the number of spermatozoons in the whole ejaculate, the percentage of spermatozoons with proper movement and the activity of GGT and fucosidase. Intensive exploitation of a boar with parallel application of the preparations described bring about a gradual decrease in spermatozoons and protein in the ejaculate as well as in the activity of hyaluronidase in its plasma and in conversion to mg protein of semen plasma.

Methodical analysis of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in calves faeces was performed. The faeces from both healthy and diarrheic Holstein-Friesian calves, aged from 1 to 10 days, were used. For each enzyme the repetition and representativity of single determination was examined respectively in soft and dry matter. The results of our analysis show that normal enzymatic methods may be used for the determination of glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases as well as gamma-glutamyltransferase. Further investigation methods are needed for determination of alkaline phosphatase activity in faeces.

Examinations were carried out on 4 fasted dogs using chronic experimental model. In the animals the functional cholecystectomy was performed, 2 cannulas were inserted into the common bile duct and 9 pairs of electrodes were ++implanted from pyloric antrum till ileum. After the disconnection of the exteriorized tubes enterohepatic circulation of bile acid was interrupted. Then, sodium salts of taurocholic, taurodeoxycholic and taurochenodeoxycholic acids (at the concentrations 5, 20 and 50 mM) alone and in the combination were infused intraduodenally and myoelectric activity was continuously recorded. During control experiments the enterohepatic circulation was preserved. Application of individual bile acids at higher concentrations and their combinations caused significant (about 60 min) prolongation of cycle intervals changing fundamentally duration of both phases I and II along with the alteration of their relative proportion. In the control group duration, of both phase I and II as measured in mid jejunum lasted 47 +/- 3 and 38 +/- 2 min, respectively (ratio 1.24). During administration of 50 mM Na-taurodeoxycholate these values were respectively equal to 6 +/- 2 (P less than 0.01) and 122 +/- 31 min (P less than 0.05), respectively, and the ratio was 0.05. Infusions of primary bile acids resulted in the greater percentage of phases III which originated from the stomach. Propagation velocity of phase III as measured in the jejunum was about 50-100% faster, mainly during the infusion of dihydroxy bile acids. The results have suggested that bile acids are responsible for majority of alterations of the myoelectric cycle induced by intraduodenal bile administration. These changes could be interpreted as the disappearing tendency of the cycle but their mechanisms still remain to be elucidated.