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Histopathological morphometric analysis were made to determine the degree and extent of the stomach mucosa lesions in fundus and antrum of 36 rats after 15 min., 1, 24 and 96 hours after ethanol insult. At the early stage the intensity of the lesion caused by direct influence of ethanol was in both parts similar. Evident differences occurred after 1 hour, and especially after 24 hours, and were caused by secondary, endogenous agents. Among them the most important seems to be the specificity of the vascular net reaction to alcohol stimulus in each part of the stomach, differences in secretion intensity and composition of the superficial mucosal gel, as well as in the contents of some active substances.

The dimension of flow in uterine artery (ua) and ovarian artery (oa) was measured. It was conducted in the isolated porcine (100-130 kg/per head) reproductive organs perfused with their own blood or Krebs-Henseleit fluid when the pressure was kept on the constant level 100 m Hg. Phenoxybenzamine (Ph), phentolamine (R), propranolol (P), pronetalol (Pr) were used and also after them adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA) or isoprenaline (I) were administrated. Changes in blood flow (bf) through the organs connected with inhibition or stimulation of adrenergic receptors during estrous cycle were analysed. It was stated that R increased bf, but not significantly. Ph increased significantly bf in the reproductive organs and blocked decreasing bf influence of A and NA in ua and oa areas. Both A and I administrated after Ph and R caused the increase in bf in the both investigated vessel areas. Beta-adrenolytic agents P and Pr decreased bf and also blocked increasing bf action of I. When we used A or NA after P or Pr administration, there was observed significant limitation of bf in the reproductive organs. Reactions evoked by alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation were different during estrous cycle. The highest activity of alpha receptor--which dominates the vessels of porcine reproductive organs--was found in the luteal phase of cycle where the activity of beta receptor was the lowest. The activity of alpha receptor decreased and increased activity of beta receptor in the pre and postovulatory phase of cycle compared to the state observed in the luteal phase. Beta receptor did not play any significant role in the regulation of bf in the porcine reproductive organs. Data from references discussed in this work and our results suggest that regulation of sensitivity of vessels in the porcine reproductive organs was not connected with quantitative representation of adrenergic receptors. Changes of vessel sensitivity were connected with changes of alpha-adrenergic receptor activity.

The titer of BLV-antibodies was estimated in the mammary gland secretion of 18 cows, naturally infected with BLV. Mammary gland secretion samples were collected every week since the 8th week ante partum and every day during the first week post partum. At the same time, blood samples were collected. The examination showed a marked decrease of antibody titer in the blood serum since the 5th week ante partum to the 2nd day post partum. Negative serological results were noticed temporary in the blood serum. The results indicate that serological examination of mammary gland secretion (dry secretion, colostrum) may be helpful because of high concentration of antibodies in the these secretions.

In the mice of high leukemic strain, sick with natural lymphatic leukemia, levels of copper, zinc and cadmium in blood and inner organs were determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mice were killed on the 0 day (when 10 weeks old) and after 90, 180 and 270 days of observation. In plasma the level of ceruloplasmin (EC1.12.3.1) was determined. It has been proved that in mice with lymphatic leukemia the levels of copper, zinc and cadmium are higher than in control animals. It was also found out that there is some disturbance in the natural antagonism between these metals. The activity of ceruloplasmin in the course of leukemia was determined. We have also tried to interpret the role of heavy metals in leukemogenesis in mice.

Investigations of ureter perfusion in cattle during fetal and neonatal period were carried out on 84 fetuses and 10 female newborn cattle. The fetuses 78-1000 mm long were of the 9th-40th week of pregnancy, whereas the newborn ones were 2 or 14 days old. Pelvis blood vessels were filled with rubber latex stained with pigment. This was obtained with the help of a special automatic injector made by ourselves. After coagulation of injection substance the blood vessels were examined under a stereoscopic microscope, some microsurgical instruments adapted to our needs were used. The analysis of morphology and artery developmental markers as well as of ureter veins was carried out with reference to its proximal, middle and distal parts. On the basis of the results it was noticed that transformations of investigated vessels referred mainly to their number. place, kind of ostium and the area of ureter perfusion. Quantitative transformations of analyzed vessels occur first of all in fetuses of the 13th-40th week of pregnancy. Apart from main ureteral+ branches of examined organs as components of renal artery and vein, ovarian artery and vein. uterine branch of vaginal artery and vein, and umbilical artery, they have additional uretal branches, which at the end of pregnancy are reduced and do not take part in the ureter perfusion in newborn cattle. Main uretal branches occur both in fetuses and newborn cattle and they are characterized by increasing occurrence and tendency to widen perfusion range of the ureter wall. The average image of ureter arteries and veins, observed in the oldest fetuses (40th week of pregnancy) and newborn cattle, is similar to the species standard for the mature cattle as presented in other works. There are, however, different results of observations which are due to constant developmental and individual changes of the examined fetuses.

Utilizing the chronic experimental dog model the effect of intraduodenal administration of bile upon the interdigestive electric activity of the stomach and small intestine was examined. For this purpose the functional cholecystectomy was performed and common bile duct was cannulated with two catheters. Tubes connected over the skin allowed spontaneous bile circulation during control experiments and in between the experimental periods. Nine pairs of electrodes were implanted into the stomach and small intestinal wall for electromyography. During other experiments standard bile was infused intraduodenally at the rate 0.5 ml.min-1 for 300 min and whole hepatic bile was introduced at the rates 2 ml.min-1 for 60 min and 30 ml.min-1 for 2 min. Hepatic bile infusion at the low rate, when started during phase II of the migrating myoelectric complex, induced the premature phase III after 10 +/- 2 min and caused about 20% reduction of cycle duration in the duodenum as compared to control experiments (P less than 0.05). Fast administration of hepatic bile elicited the premature phase III in 8 +/- 2 min, caused 20-30% reduction of the duodeno-jejunal cycle duration (P less than 0.05) in comparison with control group and induced in 26% phase III in the stomach. Cycles were shortened at the expense of markedly decreased duration of phase I; for example in the duodenum phase I was reduced from 30 +/- 3 (control experiments) to 11 +/- 2 min, P less than 0.001. Standard bile infusion exerted less pronounced changes, apart from increasing the propagation velocity of phase III in the first jejunal segment from 6 +/- 0.5 cm.min-1 in control group to 13 +/- 3 cm.min-1, P less than 0.05. In two experiments rapid bile administration evoked an inhibitory response. Results obtained suggest that the luminal bile stimulates the interdigestive electrical activity of the stomach and small bowel of the dog. This stimulatory effect may represent the feedback mechanism preventing the prolonged retention of continuously inflowing bile in a bowel section and, particularly, in the duodenum.

In the mice of the high leukemic strain, sick with natural lymphatic leukemia, the following parameters were determined on the 0 day, after 90, 180 and 270 days of observation: activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD-EC1.15.1.1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px-EC1.11.1.9) in the blood and catalase activity in erythrocytes. It was observed that the activity of all three enzymes during the development of the leukemic process decreased. This phenomenon indicates the disturbance of the protective role of these enzymes against free radicals in leucogenesis in mice.

The hens were given per os every second day for the period of 6 weeks selenium in the amount of 0.2 mg/l water (group I), 1.4 mg (group II), copper in amount of 1000 mg/kg feed (group III) and both metals jointly (group IV)--0.2 mg Se and 1000 mg Cu and group V--1.4 mg Se and 1000 mg Cu. Histopathological studies on hens organs and accumulation of metals in tissue were carried out. It was found that selenium in the amount of 1.4 mg/l water causes insignificant oedema of liver and kidneys, whereas copper (group III) shows clear hepato- and nephropathic effect. Selenium administered jointly with copper (group V) acts protectively in parenchymatous organs against the toxic effect of copper alone.

The experiment has been carried out on twelve cb. race calves, all being 5 to 31 days old. During the experimental period each calf was examined 12 times in order to determine the total water volume within its constitution by the antipyrine method. The total water amount in litres significantly increased during the experimental period and this fact found its statistical confirmation. The values obtained, proved to be in positive and essential correlation with the age of calf, its weight and body area. The observed total water volume increase was caused by a quickly increasing intracellular liquid volume. The total water volume per one kilogram of a calf body however, systematically decreased during the whole experimental period. The phenomenon was due to a significant reduction of the extracellular fluid amount in ml/kg. The results that have been obtained in the experimental appeared to be negatively but veritably correlated with the age of examined animals. The total water volume per square metre of a calf body area during the first month of animals life showed only slight and statistically negligible fluctuations.

The aim of this study was to skeletonize the roots of the greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve and lumbar splanchnic nerves as well as to investigate their participation in the structure of the celiac plexus in the rabbit.